The Welshman

AGRICULTURE. RABBITS.—Can a farmer kill rabbits or authorise anf other person to kill them without paying license when theie is nothing mentioned of them in his lease, or, is rabbits game ? [Most unquestionably a farmer has the right :0 kill rabbits, and to authorise any other person or persons to kill them, without a license J FLAX.—Seeing the growing of flax by farmers recom- mended in the agricultural press, I have made trial of t, and now experience a difficulty working up the produce, there being no lint mills in the district, and the farra labourers of the present day knowing nothing in connec- tion with the management of the operation. I will feel greatly obliged if you or any of your numerous correspon- dents who have any experience in the matter, would kindly furnish any information they possess, or say if th<re are any parties in the country who buy the straw after being rippled, and what price is usually given for it ia tlat state. [Any reader who has had considerable experience in the management of flax will oblige by forwardicg for publication the information asked for by A Reader.] GRUBS DESTROYING A FIELD OF SWEDES.—I take !he liberty of asking your ad'ice, through correspoudeits' column, under the following circumstances :-1 have a feld of Swedes, a pretty good plant until lately, but the g'ubs (of which I send you a sample), are devouring alnost every turnip. I fear it is almost too late to save tie tur- nips but can you tell me how to prevent injury frtm a similar cause for the future ? The four grubs I send are from one plant. I believe it is a general complaint aoong farmers here. [The caterpillars sent are apparently those upright flying moths but we have failed m tracng the individual moth of which they arc the grub. The :avages of grubs in the turnip fields are commonly complained of in the south of England. As all grubs are more or lss des- troyed by the treading of sheep it is advisable tokecp a considerable number of sheep on the farm. If the sheep are folded on forage and bulbous crocs there is everyproba- bility that the number of grubs will be greatly eirtailed. The autumn cleaning of stubbles ia also likely to reddt76 the number of grube, as several species are feeding during the autumn months on the leaves and roots of weeds and culti- vated plants.] j A SALVE FOR DRESSING SHEEP KEPT ON A .ie \.GH AND EXPOSED GRAZING. The subscriber having De%?"(k of Blackfaced sheep on a high exposed grazing, t>1\, being doubtful of the beneficial effect of all the dips in common use, is inclined to try salving with oil. But this would be attended with considerable expense, and he would -1f you or any of our readers who have made the experiment (for Balving with oil is not practised in this district) could assure him that the outlay would be returned in t'ae wool. He desiderates information also as to the best oil touie, the quantity per sheep, and whether any, and what ingredient should be mixed with it to kill keds and other parasites. Oil must be much more beneficial for the sheep than any of these poisonous dips. But then if it is found to be efficient and to pay, why is it not more generally used? [The questions put by J.M. being very important ones at the present. time with the relatively high prices of Blacklaced wools-laid and white—it is to be hoped that those who have been conducting experiments with oils-olive and castor oils will report the result of their experience. Olive oil-usually sold as Gallipoli, the port in Italy from which the oil is shipped—has been very successfully used in the dressing of Cheviot sheep. Caster-oil his been used very successfully in dressing Cheviot and Blackfaced sheep grazed on comparatively high and exposed sheep walks. J. M." is in a favourable position to undertake experi- ments with various salves.] LAYING LAND DOWN TO PASTURE.—Having had a field of early potatoes which is now nearly clear of the crops, and which I think of sowing in a week or two with grass and clover seeds to be fed off with ewes and lambs iathe spring. This climate being moist with little frost duringthe winter, I think it will not be too late yet. Would it te better to sow vetches or something else along with the gmss seeds to be eaten green ? The field is clean, and I inteid to let it remain for some years in (trass when laid down. The soil is dry, open, and kindly. Will I have to roll the field well after the seed is sown ? [Vetches sown without rye or winter oats to support the weak stalks of the vetches would tend to destroy a portion of the young grass and clover plants. It is therefore advisable to add to the vetches not less than an equal weight of a mixture of rye & winter oats. If you cannot procure the winter oats, barley may be substi- tuted, but oats are much more suitable, being suffer in the stems, and are less liable to injury from frost. Ole bushel of winter tares, two pecks winter beans, and two of rye & oats per acre should be sufficient for each acre. The trop may be cut next spring as the cereal plants put out tte ears. If the weather is dry, and the soil not liable to roalb, the crop may be eaten down with sheep, folded on the fidd. If the crop is cut and removed, the sheep or young mttle folded on the field should receive a small allowance of take. The stock should be removed from the field by the middle of September.] SMUT IN WHEAT. The other day, while enjoying a walking conversation with a Cheshire gentleman of conside- rable experience on agricultural matters, ot casually examining a field of wheat that contained a good deal of smut, he remarked that any farmer ought to be shamed to have the least appearance of smut in his wheat, seeing there are so many artioles for its total expulsion. M} knowing that tmut is no uncommon disease in the wheat fields of some of your most eminent Lothian farmers, made me doubt the soundness of this assertion, though I tould not positively contradict it. As this is the season of the year for oommitting to the earth that most importani of all seeds, and as your columns are ever open to enlighien and instruct the ignorant, any remarks by you or any rI. your intelligent correspondents upon this important subject will be eagerly and carefully perused by me, as well »>* „ ^ySciSns" are taken, diseased ears, the result of a fungus growth should be unknown First, the wheat to be sown should be the produce of a field where no deceased ears were observed where the crop was growing or after it was reaped. If the seed wheat is to be purchased in an open stock market, care in selecting, which usually secure a sample free of the spores of the fungus. Besides, a careful inspection by the eye, the hand should be passed several times through the grain, and if the grain has a smooth oily feel to the hand, the spores of the fungus are present, although the eye may fail in detecting any diseased grains or the minute black spores of the fungus. In several instances, a distinguished farmer in East Lothian failed in preventing smut in his fields, after he had selected clean wheat in the market and he only succeeded in freeing his wheat fields of this pest, by procuring new bags to convey the wheat from the market to his farm. We mention this as parties are very liable to overlook the fact that the spores of the fungus adheres to the fibres of the bags. ?here are several specifics for the prevention of smut. At one time arsenic in solution was extensively used for dressing seed wheat. By a recent act of Parliament, the use of arsenic is rendered illegal. At no very recent date chamber lye was very generally used, and is still preferred by many farmers. The grain is damped with the urine, and slacked lime is afterwards applied to dry the grai. n, the lime being the chief destroyer of the vitality of the spores of the fungus. Salt water prepared by adding common salt to river or well water is also used. In some instances salt water obtained from the sea is preferred. The grain is afterwards dried with slacked lime. For several years the sulphate of copper has been very generally used. One lb. of the sulphate dissolved in water for each quarter of grain to be dressed is the quantity requisite. More recently the sulphate of soda in solution has come into favour, particularly in France. The nitrate of soda in solution has also been found to be preventive of smut, par- ticularly where the damped grain was dusted with slacked lime. In a numerous class of experiments in dressing the reeds of the cereals we found the sulphate of soda and the nitrate of soda the best specifics for the prevention of stnut and black heads. The quantity of the sulphate or nitrate required is about lib. for each two bushels of wheat, but as both substances have a manurial effect it is advisable to use one lb. for each bushel of wheat to be dressed. When salt water was used, the quantity of salt dissolved was consider- able-the usual test being the liquid to float a hen egg The water being in a large vessel the wheat was poured into the vessel, afterwards stirred, and any light grains floating on the surface were skimmed off. Liquid from a dunghill was also used by many farmers dusted with slackened lime.]

By the Cape mail we learn tDat the Legislative Council have passed a resolution for the annexation of British Kaf. fraria, to which the Kaffrarians were much opposed. The Cape Parliament was prorogued. The harvest prospects of the colonies were very cheering. SURVEY OF JERUSALEM. A sergeant and four privates of the Royal Engineers sailed from Southampton last week for Alexandria, on their way to Jerusalem. They are going out to make an exact topographical survey of the city and neighbourhood, including all its more famous hills and val- leys. CENERAL M'CLELLAN'S CHANCES.—I suppose that most of my readers know that the candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency are not voted for direotly by the people, but that each State chooses according to its population a certain number of electors, New York, for instance, 35, and Delaware, 3, who elect the President and Vice-President, and who form the body known as the Electoral College. But as these men are always pledged to vote for certain candidates, it may be supposed that the result of the election is the same as if it were made by a direct vote of the people. Not so in one very important respeot. For instance, in the election of 1860 Mr Lincoln had in the Electoral College (which by the way never meets) 180 votes, Breckenridge 72 votes, Bell 39, and Douglas 12. Mr Lincoln's majority over all his opponents was therefore very large, 57 in the Elec- toral College. But in the popular vote, although he had a small plurality over Douglas (the Democrat who, observe, received most votes from the people, yet least in the Elec- toral College), he was in a minority of nearly 1,000,000 as against all his opponents. This was caused by the division of the Democratic party, which had three candidates in the field. It is plain, then, that if the Democratic party can be united upon one man, Mr Lincoln will be defeated, unless a change has taken place in the convictions of a considerable proportion of that party. This its leaders deny, saying, on the contrary, that Mr Lincoln's Administration has alienated even those who first supported him. At the last election Mr Livcoln received 1,857,610 ballots, having from the States now under Confederate" control not a single ballot. Mr Lincoln's three opponents received 2,804,560. But in examining present probabilities, it is obviously necessary to subtract from this number the number of votes cast against Mr Lincoln in the States now in insurrection—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Lousiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Texas, and Viginia. Upon a careful calculation I find that the number of ballots cast against Mr Lincoln is thus reduced to 2,095,298, leaving the majo- rity against him on the popular vote in the States now under control of our Government 237,688. If, then, the old Democratic party still holds together, and votes together, Mr Lincoln will surely be defeated at the coming election, even without the aid of the ten States which four years ago oast all their votes againt him. But will the Democratic party hold together ? I think that it will to a very much greater degree than the new Union party are inclined to believe. A very heavy vote will be cast for General M'Clellan, and unless the experience of this war has purged the com- monweal and purified us more than I fear it has, there is a chance of his election, although, as you will see, a defection of lt.0,030 votes from the party will give the popular vote to Mr Lincoln. He must carry New York, or he will be defeated.—JSeto York Correspondent of the Spectator.

THE WEEK AT HOME. I Mr Whalley, M.P., has been commissioned to go out to Caprera, to present to Garibaldi the yacht which has been purchased by public subscription for the great Italian. London is now connected with Sidon and with Jerusalem by telegraph. It is strange to see the Old Bible lands in- va-led by modern inventions and improvements. Messrs. Moxon have found the demand for Tennyson's Enoeh Arden" so great that neither printer nor stationer can keep up with it. It is already printed abroad. At the Norwich monastery, the home of Brother Ignatius, an infant of two years was last week dedicated to the service of God. The infant was dressed as a Benedictine novice, in white serge, and is now left altogether to the care of the monks. CURIOUS ACCIDENT.—Mr. Leggett, of the firm of Hay- ward and Legett, printsellers, Cornhill, London, died yesterday morning in great suffering, arising from swallow- ing an iron nail in his food a few days since. Frcn Edinburg we hear that two new statues are about to be erected in that city-one to Allan Ramsay, the poet; the other to John Wil,on. the famous Christopher North, of Blackwood. Both will be placed in Princess-street Gar- dens. Like most American notables, the wife of President Lin- coln is now claimed as a Scotchwoman It is affirmed that she is the daughter of Mr John Clark, a farmer, belonging to the Braes of Doune, who emigrated to America about forty years ago. We are informed that a marriage is arranged to take place between Viscount Amberley, eldest son of the Earl Russell, K.G., and the Hon. Katherine Louisa Stanley, the fourth daughter of Lord and Lady Stanley of Alderley. -Post. ELECTION OF A GOVERNOR FOR WAKEFIELD GAOL.— On Thursday the West Riding magistrates elected Captain Armytage, of the 6th West York Militia, to the governor- ship of the Wakefield Prison, vice Mr E. Shepherd resigned. The post is worth about JE800 a year. An inquest was held on Saturday, at Enfield, on the body of a gentleman who is said to have died from injuries occasioned by a nail which he swallowed in a basin of soup at the refreshment rooms of the Rugby Station. There seems to be doubt of the cause of death. DEATH OF WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR.—Intelligence has been received at Bath (of which city he was for many years a resident) of the death of Walter Savage Landor at Flor- ence, on the 17th inst. Mr Landor was born on the 30th of January, 1775, and had obtained celebrity as a scholar and a poet before the end of the lat century. His u Imaginary Conversations" have rendered his name familiar as an ac- complished literateur. It is reported from Leeds that Thomas Scaife, the manager of Mr Marsden, a bankrupt ironfounder, who has absconded, is charged with forainit bills for his principal to the incre- dible amount of £ 80,000. the bills being now in the posses- sion of the Leeds Banking Company, which has suspended payment. The accused alleges that the manager of the bank knew all about the affair, and Scaife seems to have confessed the whole matter, alleging that more than one thousand entries in one book relate t ) bills, every one of which was forged. If these things be so it is little vv" nder that the Leeds Banking Company has had to suspend pay- ment. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS, -INDIGESTION ,-How much thought has been bestowed, and what ponderous volumes have been written upon this plague of every household, which is with certainty and safety dispelled, without fear of relapse, by a oourse of this purifying, soothing, and tonic medicine It acts directly on the stomach, liver, and bowels,—more indirectly, though not less effectively, on the brain, nerves, vessels and glands, and commands such order throughout the entire system, that harmony dwells between each organ and its functions. Dyspepsia can now no longer be the bugbear of the public, since Holloway's Pills are fully com- petent to subdue the most chronio and distressing cases of impaired digestion, and to restore the miserable sufferer to health, strength, and cheerfulness. EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF LONGEVITY. On Tuesday last, Miss Hilume, residing iu Church-street, Albion-road, Stoke Newington, died at the advanced age of 105 years. She had resided at the house in which she died the whole of her lifetime, having been born there, and had been many times heard to assert that during the whole of her existence she never slept out of it. She kept a small shop for the sale of miscellaneous articles, and kept her books and acoounts herself. She did not take to her bed until ten days before her death, and up to that time her books and accounts are in a state of perfect order. She was able to go about, and had not the appearance of having attained so great an age. THE REV. C. H. SrURGEON AND THE ESTABLISHED CILURCII.- On Sunday morning the Rev. C. H. Spurgeon preached another sermon, at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, upon the errors of the Established Church. He took for his text the words, Thus said the Lord." After a lengthened exordium, in which the preacher sought to show the value of the words of his text, he said he now proposed to demand from the teachers of the National Church answers to certain questions which he would put clearly before them. He had been charged with audacity and ignorance, and he could not, therefore, he blamed for putting a few strong questions. The rev. gentleman then took up the Book of Common Prayer and read extracts from the baptismal, confirmation, and burial services, the visitation of the sick, the ordering of priests, and the conse- cration of bishops, all of which he declared to be opposed to the word of God, and he called upon the ministers and members of the Established Church to show him a Thus saith the Lord" for their proceedings. He alluded with peculiar warmth and vehemence to the absolution" in the visitation of the sick, and to the imparting of the Holy Ghost in the consecration of bishops by the laying on of ■yt-nrta 1\{r. Snurseon also produced the canons of the Glared them to be altogether unfi: to reaa. vviin great energy he called upon Protestant England to be up and doing, and not to rest until these errors were expunged. He had commenced the warfare in the name of the Lord, and he would continue it until his tongue was dumb. He was told not to meddle with other people's Churches; but the Established Church claimed him as one in the parish in whic he resided. They would make him pay a church rate if they could, and did take titbe for his garden. Therefore he did help to support a system which he believed to be erroneous. The Tabernacle was crowded. The Social Science Association treads very closely on the heels of her more solid and material sister. Before the voice of the one was silent at Bath that of the other was raised at York. The meeting promises to be a very interesting and useful one, but the inaugurals of its noble President Lord Brougham are more dis- cursive than valuable. Like Observation with ex- pensive view" he "surveys mankind from China to Peru," and science of any kind is scarcely the word for the gleanings which result. He began with indulging his feelings. Yorkshire undivided was the constituency which he represented just before the reform Bill,41 and there still live those, my oolleagues in office, who know bitter was the pang of exchanging that proud position for the highest office in the State, how firm the determination to refuse, and to what urgent remonstrances submission was yielded." Certainly Lord Brougham has been much belied. Public rumour has always said that Lord Grey first offered Mr Brougham the Attorney- Gereralli i p, which would have enabled him still to support the Government in the House of Commons, that he refused it with emphasis, being deter- mined to grasp the higher prize which we now learn that he accepted with so much reluctance. Towards the end of his diffuse oration Lord Brougham as usual explained how social science condemns the crime of the American war, and proves that Mr Lincoln and his party care nothing for the abolition of slavery, and share none of the noble sentiments which animated his own anti-slavery efforts. It had been reserved for the latter act of the tragedy," said Lord Brougham, to see the North, when destitute of other troops, drive herds of the unhappy negroes to slaughter with no more remorse than sportsmen feel in clearing a preserve." Lord Brougham is perhaps incapable of even conceiving the motive which leads these negroes, little versed as they are either in useful knowledge" or social science, to flock eagerly into the ranks where they can fight for freedom. Lord Brougham ended his address with a panegyric on religious piety, and had a poetical apostro phe to Lord Lyndhurst, as Soul of the Past! Companion of the Dead The Athenceum of last week gives a very good letter of Sir John Hersohel's in reply to one of those impertinent applications, now circulating, to sign a declaration that science and Scripture cannot olash, and that it is the duty of any scientific student who sees a superficial contradiction between them to leave the two side by side till it shall please God to allow us to see the manner in which they may be reconciled." Sir John Herschel very properly says that these sorts of demands are an infringement of that social forbearance which guards the freedom of religious opinion in this country with especial sanctity." Some check cer- tainly must be put on the declaration-nuisance now grow- ing up. It is especially hard, moreover, to force a declara- tion on the students of science. There might be more point in exhorting the students of religious newspapers like the British Banner or Record to let all contradictions they may find there between them and the teaching of Scripture lie" side by side with Scripture till it shall please God to teach us to see the manner in which the two may be reconciled." There would be a great deal more need (or faith and patience in that religious exeroise than in the one proposed. The great' p lecture before the British Association was Professor Roscoe's, of Manchester, on Light," and espe- cially on the blue or chemical rays of light. Of the yellow ray which only elighten, and do not work chemically to de- compose the carbonic acid of the air, the Pr fessor spoke rather depreciatingly and with a certain pity. He explained a curious little machine for measuring the chemical intensi- ty of light and proved by that on the 4th July the chemical intensity of sunlight measured Ly his colleague Professor Bunsen at Heidelberg (only 4 deg. south of Manchester) was three times as great as at Manchester, where he himself is so unfortunate as to reside. The Professor much extolled magnesium wire for the large number of chemical rays which it gives off in a state of cornbustion,-and he took a like- ness of the President, Sir Charles Lyell, by the help of its ultra-violet rays. These ultra-violet" rays are due s6 to the extremely heated magnesia formod by the combus- tion. This is soothing intelligence. To know that we are absorbing ultra-violet rays under cover of a dose of magnesia will in itself tend to compose indigestion. The likeness of Sir Charles Lyell was very successful, and both the magne- sium wire and the Professor were loudly cheered. HORNIMAN s PURE TEA is CHOICE and STRONG, because it consists of the most valuable growths. It is WHOLESOME because the leaf is not coloured. These ADVANTAGES have secured for this Tea a g-neral preference, bold in paohets, signed by HORNIMAN & Co. Original j.i.porij/s oj the pure Tea.-Cargnartheii by Jones and Son, Chemists, 16, Lammas-street, J. H. ^mith and Co., CrUeen-street, and J. H. Davies, Chemist, 31, Upper IlLing-street,-ill Zlanelly, by Rees, aud by Erown, Chemist,—in ^wancea, by Glover, Chemist, -in HavsrforcMest, by Sayce, Bookseller, and by Llewellyn Draper,—in J.embroke, by IJicholas & Rogers,-in Pem- h>'oke-Dcck, by Barrett, in Zaugharne, by Fivid, Chemist,-in Kdwelly by Waters,—in Narberth, by Lewis, Draper,-in Tenoy, by Williams,- in New M lford, by Palmer, in ut- uJavid 's, by Owen and Co.in folc^i, by Williams, Printer,-in Fishguard, by Carpenter,— in Newport, Pern., by Griffiths, Ch, n'l't in Cardt<jont—by Cloughor, fetationer, in Llandovery, by Morgan, — in Llanidloes, by Jones, LORD BROUGHAM.—Lord Brougham completed his 86th birthday on Monday last. To commemorate the event, and as a tribute of admiration to the venerable peer, Mr Joseph Wilkinson, of Bonscale, Ullswater, a veteran politician, who in former days took a very active part in his lordship's West- moreland contests, erected a stone memorial pillar upon the beautiful mountain called ffallen. All visitors to Ullswater will remember the dark bold breast of Hallen Hag which overhangs the lake immediately above Howtown. The mountain of the same name rises immediately above the Hag, and commands one of the most beautiful views of the lake and its surroundings which it is possible to obtain. Upon the summit of this mountain the Brougham Pillar was erected on Monday last. It stands 12 feet high, and is an object conspicuous enongh to be seen from Cross Fell with the aid of a good glass. The day was not very favourable for the inaugural ceremony, but still a few ardent admirers! of the nohle lord assembled, and enthusiastically drank his health. Carlisle Journal. A STRANGE FISH.—Mr Francis, Piscicultural director of the Acclimatization Society, writes to The Times, intima ting the arrival of that remarkable and valuable fish the silu- r us glanis in England as a fact worthy being made known to the public: It is more than a hundred years, he says, since any new fish has been acclimatised in England, and a very much longer period since any fish of equal value has been brought into this country to be acclimatised; indeed, it is a question whether any animal since, perhaps, the in- troduction of the turkey, has been brought here likely to equal the silurus in importance. One of the greatest wants hitherto felt in this country has been a good pond or lake fish, that might be turned to actual account, in order that the huge wastes of water with which our island abound might be profitably stocked and employed. This want the silurus seems likely to meet; indeed, it is almost the only fish we could have procured which could meet it. Growing to an enormous size, even to 2001b or 3001b in weight, where space and food are plentiful, it nevertheless in ponds pre- serves its fine flavour. It feeds ravenously upon the coarser kinds of fish, but of all food prefers frogs. We have un- doubtedly vast quantities of frogs in this country, which at present are not used by us in any way as a medium either of food or of producing food, and so rapid is the growth of the silurus that it has been known to reach the enormous weight of 541b in four years Its flesh somewhat resembles veal in appearance, and partakes of the rich flavour of the eel. All Englishmen who have partaken of it unite in averring that it is superior to our own noble salmon. Sir Stephen Lakeman brought these fish from Kopacheni, where he has an estate on the banks of the Argisch, which is a tributary of the Danube, and is about ten miles from the Bucharest-a distance of 1,800 miles. He started with 36 siluruses and some tiger eels-a remarkable and valuable fish peculiar to the Danube. Some of the siluruses were of large size, up to 61b they were conveyed in casks about the the size of quarter casks, placed upon rockers, these by keeping the casks constantly in motion, plashed and aerated the water. The larger fish were suspected, no doubt with jus- tice, of having eaten the smaller ones, and with them the tiger eels. They all died, however, but 14, which arrived safely on the night of Thursday, the 15th. The little strangers varied from one to two ounces in weight; they were perfectly healthy and lively, and after their long fast of 23 days they made good use of their time when enlarged, as on the next day, when I examined them, their stomachs were distended with food. They have now been in my charge a week, and are exceedingly healthy and vigorous. They are a peculiar fish, resembling in their habits the burbot, which I have also had charge of here. They hide themselves by day and roam about for food at night. I have no doubt that the attempt to introduce them will be thoroughly successful. A HINT TO THE LADIES.—If you want your LACES and LINENS dressed in a superior Style (and who does not), you should use only the GLENFIELD STARCH, and you will be delighted with the elasticity and beautiful finish it gives to those articles. The GLENFIELD STARCH is exclusively used in the Royal Laundry, and Her Majesty's Laundress pro- nounces it to be the finest Starch she ever used. It was awarded two Prize Medals for its superiority, and the manufacturers have received numerous testimonials from all classes, all agreeing as to its excellent qualities. We would respectfully caution our fair readers when buying the GLENFIELD STARCH to see that they get it, as inferior kinds are often substituted. The manufacturers have much plea- sure in stating that they have been appointed Purveyors to H. R. H.the Princess of Wales. RAILWAY COMPANIES' BORROWING POWERS —A report has been issued by the Select Committee appointed to con- tinae the inquiry commenced last session, and to report as to what legislative measures are desirable for the purpose of restraining directors of railway companies from exceeding the limits fixed by their Acts of Parliament, and from eva- ding those provisions of their Acts of Parliament which require that a certain portion of their authorised capital shall be suoscribed and paid up before their borrowing pow- ers can come into operation and also to inquire and report what securities can be given to the holders of bebentures as to the validity and the legality of the issue of such bonds. The report states:—The committee are of opinion that holders of statutory debentures, duly registered according to the recommendation of the repnrt, should have a right to recover and secure the payment of all principal and interest due to them, by the appointment of a receiver in priority to the holders of Lloyd's bonds, or of any other obligations or acknowledgment of indebtness not issued under the authori- ty of Parliament. Saoh an arrangement may, however, be defeated, or at all events materially interfered with, if a creditor is allowed to seize the stock of the company, and thereby stop the traffic on the line, and the income deri ved therefrom. The property is of a different character to other property. The public have a right to the use of the railway and would be seriously in convenienced by the stoppage of even a short line. It appears, therefore, to the committee that this power ought not to be allowed to the creditors of railway cbTapai5T?ba8ift?ii.tle committee see no reason why adjusting process to which other "iraSTng"cocSjta&i'liP hlg liable through proceedings in bankruptcy. On the contrary they are of opinion that the present practice by which the affairs of companies practically bankrupt are patched up by successive Acts of Parliament is injurious to the public, and too frequently of no real benefit to the shareholders. When a company pays a little or no dividend on its original capi- tal the working expenses are often cut down injuriously, danger arises from insufficient service, and the risk of pre- sent loss attending any reduction of fares, even with the fairest expectation of future profit, is a bar to liberality of management. For the public advantage, it is desirable that a railway should yield reasonable returns to those under whose control it was placed and when a company be- comes seriously embarrassed, it is expedient that the concern should be transferred to others under whose management it may be efficiently conducted. The knowledge that such must be the result of mismanagement would probably have a beneficial effect on the proceedings of direotors, and sub- ject the credit which they would be able to obtain to some useful restraint. With the present facilities for forming companies, there would be no difficulty in finding purchasers under sound and just regulations to be provided in a public Act, whereby Parliament would be relieved from having to deal with a class of private bills which are very troublsome to settle, and are never of a satisfactory chanoter. The rights of the holders of statutory securities, including the regular payment of their dividends, ehould of course be carefully secured throughout i all the proceedings. As an example of the extent to which some railway directors are disposed to infringe the restrictions and conditions of their Acts of Parliament, the Committee would call the attention of the House to the evidence given before a committee of the House of Commons during this session in the case of the Tewkesbury and Malvern Railway bill. The evidence will be found in the appendix. IMPROVEMENT OF BRISTOL RIVER AND DOCKS. The Bristol Docks Committee purpose an expenditure of £ 300,000 on the improvemement of the river Avon and the entrances to the floating harbour, by removing all the dangerous points between Rownham-ferry and Blackrook, or the Pheasant Quarry, and enlarging the entrance looks from the river to Cumberland Basin, and from Cumberland Basin to the floating harbour, to a width of 60ft. and a length that will enable two large vessels to be looked at the same time. New docks are about to be constructed at the mouth of the river for the accommodation of ocean steamers in connexion with the port and pier railway, but the pro- jected improvements of the Docks Committee will afford full convenience in Bristol for sailing vessels of 1,200 tons register and for steamers of 800 tons register, the real burden and carrving powers in both oases being, perhaps, a third more. It is a remarkable thing for Bristol that the proposal of the Docks Committee is likely to be unopposed. WILLS AND BEQUESTS.—The will of Lieutenant Colonel Sir Edward Brackenbury, K.T.S., K.F.M., C.B.A., of Skendleby Hall, near Spilsby, Lincolnshire, was proved in London on the 2nd inst., the executors nominated being Captain Charles B. Brackenbury, Royal Artillery, the acting executor, and William Garfit, Esq., banker, of Boston, who renounced the grant. The will bears date 1862, and there are three codicils, the last being dated March, 1864. The gallant colonel distinguished himself, not only in British but in foreign service, and received the following orders: -Knight of the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword, Knight of the Spanish Order of St. Fer. dinand, Commander of the Portuguese Order of St. Bento d'Avis, and Knight Bachelor of these realms. Sir Edward had retired from the army, and held the office of deputy lieutenant for the county of Lincoln. He succeeded to his estates in 1828 was twice married, and died on the let of June last, a widower, at the age of 79. His mansion and landed estates are entailed on his eldest son and issue and, after leaving legacies to several of his relatives, to servants, and to the poor of his locality, he appoints his sons, Edward Brackenbury and Arthur Charles Brackenbury, residuary legatees of his personal property.—The will of Joseph Vickers, Esq., of Park Villas, Maida-hill West, was proved, in London, under £ 100,000, the executors and trustees being Charles Vickers, Esq., (his brother in law,) and Henry B. Walmsley, Esq. (his son in law.) The will was executed the 5th of February last, and a codicil July 15, five days before his death. He bequeaths to his sons Edward and James, and to his son in law, Mr H. B. Walmsley, £ 20,000 each, and they are appointed residuary legatees. His son John succeeded to the distillery business some time since, estimated at £ 60,000. There is an annuity to his son B. Vickers, and legacies and some annuities to his grandchil- dren, brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces, and othdr relatives, —The will of George Randall, Esq of Lower Tooting, Surrey, was proved in the London Court, under Y,30,000 personalty. After making several liberal bequests (includ- ing legacies to the following institutions-namely, the Free Hospital, Grav's inn-road, £ 2,000 Royal Sea Bathing Infirmary, Margate, £ 2,000; Blind School, Surrey, £ 500 and Royal Veterinary College, London, £ 1,000,) he leaves the residue of his property to his executor, for his own use absolutely. A HIT TO HouSEWTVEs.-At this season of the year the important process of bleaching and dressing Laces and Lin- ens for Spring and Summer wear commences, we would particularly call the attention of our fair readers to the Glenfield Patent Starch, an article of primary importance in the getting up of these articles. The Gkntield Patient Starch is specirzlly ma ufactured for family use, and such is its excellence, that it is now exclusively used in the Royal Laundry, and Her Majesty's Laundress pronounces it to be the finest Starch she ever used. Her Majesty's Lace Dress- er says it is the best she ever tried, and it was awarded two Prize Medals for its superiority. The manufacturers have much pleasure in stating that they have been appointee Starch Purveyors to H. R. H. the Princess of Wales. The Glenfield Patent Starch is sold by all Grocers, Chandlers, &o., &c. The Consulship of Science for 1866 has been given to Pro- fessor Phillips of Oxford. The ship Transit, of Bristol, 800 tons burthen, bag been lost, and only six hands saved and landed at Sunda- wall, A bullock, on board one of the New Holland ferry boats at Hull, broke loose, on Thursday evening, and frightfully gored several of the passengers. Some thieves recently stole a bottle of silver coins which had been deposited in the foundation stone of a new school at Bodmin. Her Majesty has distributed among the farmers and crofters in the neighbourbood of Crathie copies of" The Principal Speeches and Addresses of His Royal Highness the late Prince Consort." It is stated that owing to the death of Mr Henry Rayner, of the Isle of Ely, the daughters of Dr. Brady, M.P. for the county of Leitrim, have inherited a fortune of upward* £ 1,000,100. The deceased gentleman was the grand uncle of the young ladies, who are now in a convent school ill France. "I wonder what makes my eyes so weak ?" a young ex- quisite once inquired of Dr Abernethy. "They are in a weak placp," replied the doctor. The British Government has given 1500 to the sister of the late Dr Edward Vogel, who lost his life in Central Africa whilst travelling for the Foreign Office, giving his services gratuitously. A shocking domestic tragedy has occurred at Middles, borough. On Friday afternoon, a Jew, named Henry Cane, who occupied a room in Vine-street, murdered his son Daniel, a child only five and a half years old. With the same weapon the wretched man then cut his own throat, and shortly afterwards expired. We (Nottingham Journal), are sorry we cannot report very flatteringly of any decided improvement in the health his Grace the Duke of Newcastle at Clumber. The noble duke remains in the same languid state as when he first came down to the country, his airings are less frequent and the greatest anxiety is manifested in Worksop and the neighbourhood, where his grace's private worth is best known and most appreciated. A number of rims, bulls, and stallions were exported few days ago to the Cape of Good Hope in the mail steamer- A ram worth £ 5 or X6 in this country, and the freight for whioh, by the steamer, is about as much, will realise most extraordinary profits. The park presented to Farnworth by Mr Ttomas «Ba t M.P., for the free use and recreation of the inhabitants, is to be opened by Mr Gladstone on Wednesday the 12th ol October. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has subscribed, the handsome sum of one hundred guineas towards the fund raised for the meeting at Plymouth next year of the Royal Agricultural Society The Committee of Council on education, bumg appoInt- ed Dr. Woolley as Inspector and Director of Studies, an Mr C. Merrifield as Principal of the Royal School of Nfival Architecture, South Kensington, have named as Viee-Pr' cipal, Mr. Parkiss, the Senior Wrangler and First Smltb Prizeman in the present year. Steps are to be taken for th e completion of the subscnp tion to the Manchester Memorial to the Prince Consort b1 means of a voluntary rating of the inhabitants of Mancbe ter to the extent of a penny in the pound on their assesscne" to the poor-rates. The following remarkable coincidences in relation to the births and deaths in the City, as reported by Dr. Leth ebyg the medical offiaer of health, are so striking that they demand special and distinct notice :-The doctor says, ia the course of the last seven weeks there have been 387 b'rt?"" and 387 deaths in the City, and they consisted, in each caseg of 210 males and 177 females," So that not only were t t: births equal to the deaths, but an equal number of bo th sexes were born and an equal number of botn were in-oried- Probably this fact is unparalleled in the history of the" bl of mortality." CHERTSEY MICHAELMAS CATTLE, GEESE, AND ONIO*- FAIR.- rhis great Michaelmas fair for the sale of geeSOt cattle, and onions was held on Monday morning, and "as well supplied with good I y specimens of the feathered tribef In the cattle market little business was transacted exoep* in cows. There was a large attendance of buyers. T136 fair opened with dulneAs, and little business was transacted until ten o'clock, when the market assumed more briskness Some sales of large beasts were effected at prices varying from £ 12 to £ 14; inferior ditto, £ 10 to £13; small ditto and Welsh cattle, J67 to XIO. Cows in full milk, £17 L23 cows with calves by their sides, X18 to 25; cows calf, £U to £18. In the geese market business was er tremely brisk. Seve ral flocks of fat geese were sol Č realizing from os. to 7s. each Inferior birds averaged a^boj 4s. each and young geese and goslings from 38. to 59- each. The onion market was well supplied and modera rates were obtained. A. THE POLICE ATTACKED BY A MOB AT BURNIIOUTII.-A very serious riot and attack upon the police of Burn; mouth took place on Wednesday last It seems that serjeant and constable of the Berwickshire police, assisted  four coast-guard officers, had been searching in a boat alo the coast for salmon nets set during cloe-time. On tb"t return to the harbour at Burnmouth they heard some s °dl fired as a signal, on which a large crowd of some hundr^^ of men, women, and children collected, and pelted the police and coast-guard officers with stones. Refuge tak'n by them in the house occupied by the chief boittlo$o at that station till the crowd should disperse. Instead Of doing so, however, many of them remained outside till the police again made their appearance on their way t(, the rail way station, when they were again hooted and "?'? Both the police and some of the coast-guard officers susta"* d some very severe cuts and bruises. Brother Inatius has been lecturing at Newcastle advocacy of the revival of monasteries in connection  the Church of England, and seems to have met with a considerable amount of sympathy. A Presbyterian int. ois. I ter named Thomson distinguished himself by healing the  'ipt.hft audience but evidently had u- I bt Afterafewprehmiaary bmrunauco ?f f"? encounter between the Brother and his opponent groo through the latter objecting to being called the mint? of a eeot." Mr Thomson persevered in his interrupt"? amidst hisses, cries of Shut up!" and fetch the po?.? and on being requested to take his hat off while a Portion ofs C" i t ur a was read retorted by telling the Brother takeeS his wig. His most decisive defeat was when the brother challenged him to give the derivation of the WOrd "heretic." Evading the question he shouted at the '? of his voice, with outstretohed *rms, Now, master Of0 that is abominable." What would have followed this Jjre pressive exordium will never be known, as at this point Dl was overwhelmed with groans and hisses. Mr Thocaso"? flank movement to avoid the definition of heretic ? clever, but the audience would not let him escape e*^ whan a well meaning friend suggested that he was 130? expected to be a walking lexicon." Brother Ignatius D11bc prosper in his work if he had no more dangerous opp011 then Mr. Mr. Thomson. ATROCIOUS MURDER OF A FEMALE THROUGH J.EAI.0??? —On Saturday morning a most cold-blooded murder Pe petrated in a cottage on Chad well. health, midway bet"ee IIford and Romford, near the main London road. g unfortunate victim was a women named Amelia 13 1,10to verging upon 40 years of age. She bad been manied ØlaP years, and has two grown-up daughters, and up to tW- three years since resided somewhere in the north ofLonOO" Her husband died about two years ago, and she then OSO)O to live in the neighbourhood of Chadwell-heatb. She became acquainted with a man named Francis Wa"e'? jobbing labourer, and they seem to have lived toget?r f man and wife. Wane is described to have been of ratbb idle and dIssolute habits, and their home was maintained the industry of the woman, who went out washing, an^ respected in tbe district. At length it would appear that she got tired of living with such a man, and about Itbree months since she left him and engaged herself as a ki"" Of housekeeper to an old man named Warren, nearly 80 of age, and his son John, who was about her own age, ? who occupy a humble cottage on the edge of Chadwell bstb- It seemed that the two were so comfortably cared for tb"? the son Job n made proposals of marriage to the unfortun* ig woman Blunt, which were accepted. The banns were re$ a on Sunday week at Dagenham Church for the first time. S was preparing her wedding-dress and making other arraD? ments for their union, which was fixed to take place ID 1h»0 early part of next week. The old man Warren was P?'? a that the female was about to become his daughter-in.'? and he frequently conversed with the villagers on the ject Wane made frequent requests to his unhappy "iotio to return to him, and on hearing that she was about to be united to John Warren, the son of the old man, he Vvoo heard to say that it should not take place, and that be would do for her. Unfortunately, however, they were 01111 deemed to be idle threats, and no notice was taken of On Saturday morning he was in the public house near te heath drinking rather copiously, & in an excited state. WbJl: he was in the place the woman Blunt, who had been N00t marketing and buying some meat for the old man's d ilrllef, met a female who had been getting a pint of beer aOI32"16 out of the house. They stopped immediately opposite the door, and in the course of conversation Mrs. Blunt C'"? some allusion to her forthcoming marriage, which g doubt was overheard by the supposed murderer ?'?,? The female proceeded on her way to the cottage, and bafl1f prepared the dinner she went to washing in a little of washhouse or I ean-to, and the old man, as was his Uso"I custom, took a short stroll for half a pint of beer. This 6hortly after ten o'clock. The old man on his way oal e at the house of a grandson, and, amongst other matte1; spoke of his son's intended marriage, and how oomfortab t they would be. The old gentleman obtained the be? returned to the cottage, and called Milly," the name b which they called deceased. Not receiving any answer," hobbled into the washhouse, and there saw her appareo"? leaning over the copper, as if she had been taking 1100e clothes out of the boiler. He again called her, and at  same moment put his arm partly round her waist to ??' her, when, in consequence of his feebleness and beiD# "? able to bear the weight of the unfortunate woman' # stumbled and partly fell with her. The poor 01d r,rea:ø- was then horror stricken on seeing his future daughter* i law deluged in blood flowing from frightful gashes inflict's in the throat and side of the neck. He immediately hob,billa out of the cottage as quickly as he could, and holding UPbilo hand and shouting as well as his voice would allow :s. that M'Hy had been murdered, alarmed the neigbb°u His grandson, James Warren, who occupies a cottage eJ(f the heath, with several others, at once rushed into the pi*$ and saw the body of the unhappy woman. She WOB ered with blood and quite dead. Mesengers were instantly;eef1 patched for medical men and the police. Wane bag "gp apprehended.

COUNTY COURTS. CIRCUIT. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVY-11,10, Aborayron No Court. Th. 6,10.0 No Court Llandovery No Court. Tu. 4,10.0 No Court Lampeter No Court. W. 5, 10.0 No Court Llandilo No Court. M. 3,10.0 No Court HaneHy..W. 14,100 Fr. 14,10.0 Tu. 8,.?"o? Neath Th. 1,10.0 M. 17,10.0 Th. 10,-l1o..00 Fr. 2,10,0 Tu. 18,10,0 Fr.  Carmarthen M. 12,100 M. 10,10,0 M. 7:10. 0 Narberth 17u. 6,10.0 Tu. U, .10.0 W. 2.. 10.30 Pembroke W. 7, .10.0 W. 12, .10.0 Th. 3100 H. West Eh. 8, .10.0 Th. 13,10.0 Fr. 4 ::10.0 Cardigan No Court. Fr. 7, 10.0 No Court Newcastle No Court. ?Sa. 8,10.0 No Court