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A.4."--""-- ----"'------------------------__------THE…
A. 4. THE LLANBERIS LOCK-OUT. [From the Special Correspondent of the Liverpool Daily Post.] LLANBERIS, SUNDAY NIOIIT.—All along the line from Llandulas to Llanberis the passenger by rail hears of nothing except the strike at Llandulas and the lock-out at Llanberis. The strike and the lock- Out absorb public attention, and exclude all other topics of conversation. That very ordinary and c°mnionplace subject the weather has for a moment to take a. back seat. In coming along here from Car- narvon I heard the most animated conversation in ♦Velsh, accompanied with much gesticulation. It was ^bout the lock-out, as the frequeut use of the names *ivian and Davies showed, and what was thought of these gentlemen by the parties to the discission was eXpressed in an Anglo-Saxon term of condemnation, for which apparently there is no Welsh equivalent. I afterwards found myself alone with one of the disputants, certainly a respectable working class Resident in his way, and he summed up the dismission In a pithy analogy. "Suppose," he said, "I put a Sutter waif to run a railway engine, what should I eXpect to become of the locomotive?" That is just the feeling here with respect to the Hon. W. W. Vivian, the manager of the Llanberis slate, quarries, \ho, the men say, is wanting in experience both of Slates and men, and who holds no other certificate of, "lent for his position than a marital relationship with the owner of the slates. The holder of such a position, with full discretionary jurisdiction left in his hands, has power to work either for the comfort or discomfort of his workpeople, and the workpeople say that by Polish rules and unnecessary and mischievous inter- ference with their liberties, Mr Vivian has worked Nothing but ill. Their case will be best understood if I give as nearly as I can the language employed at an interview with a gentleman whose sympathies go entirely with the men, Who has taken the chair at their meetings, identified himself with their cause, and earned thr-ir respeci. I found my friend, who is well advanced in years, seated In the midst of a grown up family, and wil ling to answer any questions I might ask him. That was the diffi- culty. I put my interrogations in English. He could Only understand them when put in Welsh. His good Wife came to my aid, but that did not ha'p the inter- view, so it was decided, after a conversation in the Vernacular tongue, not understood by me, that we should go to a Welsh gentleman who lives near, who IS a bi-linguist, and who at a late hour of the night cheerfully accepted the purely honorary office of Liter Prefer, and whose pure classical English furnished an Unexpected and enjoyable treat. What was the Origin of the lockout ?" Well, you see it has been the custom in the quarries to give the men an 'off day every month. In the beginning of the year an attempt Was made to curtail this off clay,' and to compel the men to take their holidays only after ten o'clock ir. the lnorning. Then there was an attempt to force a further limitation, and to make the men continue Working till noon. The men resisted this attempt, and Very properly so, for the reason that the necessary Month's notice of the change to which they were entitled had not been given. They were further told —so they say—by the resident manager, who has since denied the fact, that they might leave at ten o'clock, and they did so. This was in October, and it applies Only to the men in the steam mills. For so leaving all Work in the quarries was arbitrarily stopped for a Week and the men in the slate mill, who had com- mitted no offence, were thrown also out of employ- raent. kir Vivian declined to accept any explanation from the men, or to receive a deputation from them." t What happened nex Why, the men proposed to hold an indignation meeting on the works, which Was prohibited. They then went, to the number of 2,500, and held their meeting elsewhere, and came back to work next day. As a result of this, a notice Was posted in the works enforcing a lock-out on and from the 31st of October, and this lock-out is still in force. Have the men taken action to briug the lock-out to a close?" "Y e8; they have held meetings, and they have communicated with the proprietor, Mr Assheton-Smith, their views as to the unreasonable and impracticable rules sought to be forced upon them, their determination not to work under the manage- ment of Mr Vivian and Mr Davies. and their wish to adjust the difficulties which have arisen, either directly by deputation to Mr Assheton-Smith, or by a reference of all the matters in dispute to arbitration." "And What does Mr Smith say?" "He says he has fully corsidered the rules and regulations issued by Mr Vivian, and he intends to carry them out. He has entire confidence in Mr Vivian and in Mr Davies, and SO long as he has that confidence in them he intends to retain them in the positions they now hold." The men do not think this is a reply which is fair to them, and they complain of grievance heaped upon grievance under Mr Vivian's management until their position at the quarries has been made humiliating and intolerable to them. These grievances they consider neither small nor imaginary. The men have submitted to repeated reductions in their wages and to limita- tions in their working hours. Their grievances began in 1880, when a trade custom to accept half-hundreds In slates at the end of the month was suppressed, and th<3 men were ordered to have their slates made up in hundr, dA. They complained, but they failed to get the grieTa lce removed. The men say in their stace- taen grievances- To those acquainted with the working of slate quarries it is well known the simpler the working rules Lo the better in the interest of master and man. The character of the work makes factory rules quite inapplicable to a slate quarry worked in the open. About 2,100 workmen In the Dinorwic (Quarries trv, contractors of one descrip- tion or another. We know for a certainty that the hard and unreasonable restrictions placed upon them have a tendency to destroy the energy of the workmen and re- duce their wages and the profit accruing therefrom to their employer. Unnecessary and oppressive working rules interfere with work, and a reduction in work reduces the profit. It is to the interest of the men that the em- ployers' profit increases. This will never happen with an mefficient and ignorant management and unnecessarily restrictive working rules None but an inefficient man- agement would have increased the rules and the un- reasonably heavy punishment of any infringement of them to the extent this has been done at the Dinorwic Quarries, and it is not to be wondered at that they led as a natural consequence to disputes and misunderstandings. In the beginning of 1881 a long conference was held be- tween the men and chief manager in reference to the Em- ployers' Liability Act. The employer and the agents Wanted the men to contract themselves out of this. Be- fore the end of January the reply of the men was for- warded, stating that they were almost unanimous in favour of remaing under the protection of the Act. The chief agent informed the secretary of the workmen's benefit club that, as the men had passed a resolution in favour of remaining under the Act, it was probably the last time he would be acting as auditor of the club accounts, and that the hospiial would be converted to a different purpose, that Hafothy, the residence of the doctor, would be let to another party, and that pensions allowed to old workmen would be discontinued ^fter the decease of those in receipt of them at the present ^Piie. On the 1st of February, 1881, a meeting of the lien was summoned in order to endeavour to arrive at an Understanding with our employer on the question of the Act. A resolution was passed at this meeting conveying °Ur thanks to our employer for his kindness and liberality always to us, and expressing our wish for the continuance of the same in the future. A resolution was also unani- mously passed expressing the desire of the workmen to be nnder the protection of the said Act. A resolution was also passed that we should make an application for the es- tablishment of an arbitration board, consisting of two Practical managers and two experienced workmen, with power to decide any question in dispute as regards dan- gerous place, and on all questions of indemnity, &c., so that the interest of the employer should be represented on the one hand and the interest of the men on the other hand. It was further resolved that the workmen them- selves were prepared to subscribe towards a fund to pro- vide pecuniary damages to persons or families who might I entitled to damages, and that such board should have the power to decide finally through an arbitrator, if re- quired, and thus escape the necessity of appealing to a COurt of law, and that each workman should bind himself to accept such decision. These resolutions were forwarded to our employer on the 4th, and a reply was received in- timating that he had nothing to do with the resolutions, masmuch as we were already working under the Act. and that we could make no alterations in Its provisions. At the same time we were informed hy Colonel Wyatt and Mr. J. Davies that they Would not longer have any official connection with the Workman's Benefit Club, the former as vice-president and ^Uditor, and the latter as treasurer. The bank and cheque ^•oks were sent by them to the secretary. On the l(Jth February, 1881, Mr Assheton-Smith was appealed to Srant us an interview, and asking him to refer the matter to arbitration. But this, again, was declined by him. Al- though the men felt very strongly in favour of remaining n&der the Act, yet. owing to their strong wish not to en- nger the good feeling that had existed between them and ™Ir Assheton-Smith, they decided to yield and trusting 0 him as a gentleman that every endeavour would be ^ade to keep within the spirit of the Act, they signed an ?§reemeiit contracting themselves out of it on the 1st -^arch, 1881. At this time a memorial was sent to our >loycr, asking him as a favour to give work under some definite rule to the workmen's children in preference to others. This request was made in cousequence of there ell-ig grounds for believing that political and religious in- duces were at work in the selections then made. A copy j* this memorial was sent to the chief agent, tu reply, Mr Assheton-Smith very kindly stated at he considered it his first duty to give v £ ?ference to the children of his own tenants. feel very sorry to have to state that the ?sident manager has not acted upon this letter, and that J'iidren of others were not tenants nor children of old ^°rkmen, but children of a particular political party, te selected in perference to the class stated in Mr ^sheton-Smith's letter. On the 23rd June, 1882, an kpl'lication was made to the managers through a depu- tation that a contractor, when making his bargain, should allowe(j to advance ixis reasons when he considered the | offered terms of the manager unreasonable and r insufficient. The deputation consisted of representative I men from different parts of the quarry. The reception hy the managers was most unfavourable and arbitrary, and Mr J. Davies refused to allow more than two of the deputation to speak. The deputation said they were not authorised to carry on the interview under those con- ditions, because the men present represented different I districts, and that no two of them could properly convey the feeling of all the districts. Mr John Davies replied that his instructions were to break up the negotiations and to inform them that no deputations from the work- men would be received in future, and that all future communications were to be in writing to him. The report of this meeting, when conveyed to the men, created very painful impressions and bitter feelings amongst them, as they considered that they were insulted through their representatives. I had gathered during the reading of this extract that the men feel they have been subjected to an irritating tyranny altogether unique in its way. The quarries, he said, have been worked for more than a hundred years, and employment is found in them for 2,700 workmen, who live in the parishes of Llanberis and L'.anddeiniolen. Most of the land extending from Bangor on the one side to Carnarvon on the other be- longs to Mr Assheton-Smith. Would you like some other instances of petty tyranny towards the men ? Well, take the hay harvest in and around the quarries. The men live on plots of land varying in size from, say, three to twelve acres, as tenants of Mr Smith. In the summer months the rain clouds gather over the tops of the mountains, and the rain descends in drenching showers. In such a climate the hay harvest must. be speedily gathered or spoiled. It has been the custom of the men employed at the quarries to assist each other in gathering in their hay. This custom was, for no explainable reason, arbitrarily abolished. There is another instance. The work at the quariy is let hy bargains." A bargain is a piece of rock of a certain heignt and width in the side of the mountain, let to two partners, and who employ workmen under them. One of the partners blasts the rock from the mountain side, and the other, with the workmen, prepares the slates. It often happens that the partner who blasts the rock secures in a couple of hours enough material to employ the other men for a day, but in doing so he is not unfrequently drenched to the skin, and in this condition it has been his practice to go home. This practice has been arbitrarily abolished unoer a new rule, which prohibits workmen from leaving the works. In another case a man lighted a fuse for blasting purposes under per- fectly safe conditions, but at a few moments before the time fixed. For this he was suspended from work for a month, and of course allowed no wages. The great grievance of the men is that under Mr Vivian severe and unnecessary punishment was inflicted for very slitlht and very trivial offences. Mr Vivian has been manager of the quarries since May, 1884. He took the place of Colonel Wyatt, deceased, ¡ who was a practical man Mr Vivian is not a praccical quarry man, nor is Mr Davies (chief manager,) and they 1 neither of them are acquainted with the working of. the quarries, or the former treatment of the men. The men have been made most unhappy since Mr Rathbone defeated Mr Nanney in the election for Carnarvonshire in 1880. You ask what is the size of a bargain? A bargain is a piece of rock in the side of the mountain 7 feet by 18 or 25 feet. The men com- plain that Tory politicians and parsons have too much influence in recommending men for work at the quarries, You have heard that the quarries are not remunerative? Well, that is not the fault of the men. This is not a question of wages at all. The men, in reference to payment, do not so much complain of pay as of poundage. What is poundage. It is a bonus paid upon the manufacture of each pound sterling value of slates. There is a certain agreed sum paid as poundage and another sum paid for clearing away the debris after blasting. What the men complain about is, that under the present system it pays better in certain cases to make debris than to make slates, which is a loss to the owner of the quarries. That loss would not be incurred if the system of poundage wa. put upon a better basis by practical men. Nearly all the money paid for the removal of debris is, of course, a dead loss to the owner. Then they will not admit boys to the quarries under sixteen, and where the boys are employed they are restricted to the making of slates of a particular size-a practice which leads to a great waste of the boys' time, a still greater waste of material, and a loss of money all round. About the conduct of the men ? Well, their conduct has been uniformly good. They became a little rough the other day when Mr Vivian made an effort to break up their union. They gave him ten minutes to leave the works, and he left. How are the men supported?" They are sup- ported by their union, by other workmen, by their friends, and by subscriptions raised in the district. When the men are in work the wage3 paid to them is something like £ 15,000 a mouth. Upon this calcula- tion there has been already lost to the district during ) the locK-out a sum of nearly £23,000. Everybody is suffering. Trade is at a standstill, and the loss to Car- narvon tradesmen alone represents a sum of i'C.OOO. Mr Assheton-Smith must himself suffer if this lock-out is continued. He is a large landowner, and if the men who occupy his farms cannot work or cannot dispose of the produce of their industry because the quarrymen are out of woik, it follows*of necessity that he cannot collect his rent. This is quite apart from any profits realised on the sale of slates. Everybody wishes that the lock-out would come to an end. The tradesmen wish it; everybody interested in the welfare of Llan- beris wishes it; the men themselves wish it, but they will not be subjected to a petty, grinding, and humili- ating tyranny." I thanked my informant for his information and withdrew, and from other and independent inquiries I am led to believe that his opinions are the opinions generally entertained by the quairymen of Llanberis. I cannot close this article without doing what every- body does in Llanberis, and that is, to mention in terms of warm praise the conduct of Police Sergeant Rowlands, who, with one constable, is in charge of the district. By his forbearance, sound judgment, and courage, this officer on Monday last prevented a very grave tumult from taking place at the quarry, wiiete Mr Vivian was locked in the office, and surrounded by a multitude of excited workmen, ready to pull the building about the agent's ears. It was the will of one man against thousands, and his decision and tact alone prevented mischief. It is hoped that no further trouble will arise at Llandulas, North W ales. The police have withdrawn and the strikers aie left in possession of the place. The malcontents have maintained the most vigilant I watchfulness over the railway and approaches to the quarries, expressing the opinion that the masters have only removed the police as a ruse to get the relief men into the quarries. The singular point of the whole dis- pute is that the strikers have agreed to accept lower wages, but absolutely refuse to sign for twelve months in advance.
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The late Miss Heald, of Didsbury, near Manchester, has bequeathed the following legacies :Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, £ 5,000 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel Fund, JC500 Wesleyan Ministers' Supernumerary Fund, X500 Wesleyan Chapel FnnJ, £ 500 Wreskyan Theological Fund, £ 500 Wesleyan Home Mission, £ 300; Wesleyan Education Fund, JE250 Wesleyan Schools Fund, £ 250 Wesleyan Sustenance Fund, 1:200 Nlatkchester City .Mission, ,£100; Relig- ious Tract Society, £100 Stockport Infirmary, £ 100 and British and foreign Bible Society, £ 2,000. The Central News is enabled to state that, in view of an early dissolution of the new Parliament, the official managers of the Liberal party have drafted a circular letter to the successful and unsuccessful Liberal candidates requesting them to state what were the chief causes which contributed to their victory or defeat. Identical inquiries have been made of the local party managers throughout Great Britain. In- formation is more particularly requested upon the questions of Church disestablishment, fair trade, and free education. A telegram has just been received from General Prendergast, dated the 12th of December, and reports that the Provisional Government is working satisfact- orily, ard the revenue beginning to come in. The Governor of Montshoboo has sent in a distinction sword and two sons as tokens of submission also a Prince, whom he h:ts captured. The Ministers re- port that the troops despatched to the Taunghoo frontier, at the commencmcnt of hostilities, are re- turning, and will lay down their arms. There is a good deal of dacoiting in the outlying districts, but no- where an enemy in the field. WARNING.—When you ask for RECKITT'S BLUE see that you get it. The Manufacturers beg to caution the public against imitation square Blue, of very inferior quality. The Paris Blue in squares is sold in wrappers bearing their name and Trade Mark. Re- fuse all others. THROAT IRRITATION AND COPOH.—Soreness and dryness, tickling and irritation, inducing cough and af- fecting the voice. For these symptoms use Epps's Gly- cerine Jujubes. In contact with the glands at the mo- ment they are excited by the act of sucking, the Glycer- ine in these agreeable confections becomes actively healing. Sold only in boxes, ad., tins Is. 1(1., labelled—" JAMES Fpps & Co., Homoeopathic Chemists, London.' Dr George Moore, in his work on Nose and Throat Diseases," says The Glycerine Jujubes prepared by James Epp3 and Co., are of undoubted service as a curative or palliative agent," while Dr Gordon Holmes, Senior Physician to the Municipal Throat and Ear Infirmary, writes: After an extended trial, I have found your Glycerine Jujubes of con- siderable benefit (with or without medical treatment) in almost all forms of throat disease."
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r HOME RULE. MR GLADSTONE'S INTENTIONS. The Central News says that, though all the versions of Mr. Gladstone's home rule scheme have been de- clared inaccurate, the publication has had the effect of allowing the right hon. gentleman to see how such pro- posals would be received if formally issued on his au- thority. It moreover forms a tangible basis upon which the Irish party can discuss and formulate their counter scheme, and thus possibly arrive at an agreement with lr. Gladstone on the details of such a measure before its introduction into the House of Commons. Mr. Gladstone will not. however, indicate definitely the lines of his proposed measures until it has been sub- mitted to his colleagues, which up to the present mo- ment he has not done, and until the demands of Mr. Parnell are more fully known. A lcadjpg London morning newspaper urges lr. Gladstone to issue with- out delay an emphatic and unmistakable deniel if he has not adopted the plan of setting up an independent Irish Parliament. The ex-Premier, however, is not convinced by these arguments. In a telegram to the Central News Agency on Friday Mr. Gladstone, refer- ring to the desire for more explicit information, says :— "From my public declarations at Edinburgh with re- spect to the Government, you will see I have no com- munications to make. "GLADSTONE." In this telegram the right hon. gentleman adverts to his WTest Calder speech, in which he refers to Mr. Par- nell s advice that he should frame a plan of local govern- ment for Ireland, and thereupon says:—"I believe Mr. Paruell must have taken me to be very wanting in ex- perience of public life, or not perhaps to have profited by the experience I have had, because that experience teaches me that if I were so rash as to make myself the volunteer physician of the people of Ireland, instead ot those authorised doctors whom she is going to send by and by to the House of Commons, I should not only exhibit myself in a capacity I do not wish to fill before the public, but I should seriously damage any proposal which might have been hatched in my mind. 1 am not in the Government of the country. If any great con- stitutional question arises with respect to the govern- ment of Ireland, and if a proposal has to be made, that proposal can only be made effectively by the Govern- ment of the country; and although the Government of the country have been rather silent upon this subject, and appear to be most disinclined to use any language that might put them for a moment in less easy relations with the party from over the Channel, to whom they owe so much in the transactions of the last Parliament, if they continue to be the Government of the country, any rational man in Opposition will require to hear what they have got to say upon the subject before making up his own mind." It is therefore evfdent that Ir. Gladstone will not formulate his scheme of home rule until he is himself in a position to give effect to it. He will doubtless, how- ever, now have a better opportunity than before of ganging the minds of his colleagues upon this import- ant matter. That only one or two of the Liberal leaders have any idea of Mr. Gladstone's intentions we have abundant evidence for stating. We are likewise in a position to state that Lord Hartington has not in any way approved of any home rule proposals even in the most modified form. The position of Mr. Goschen is precisely similar. We are enabled to state that he has not diverged from the line on Irish affairs which he laid down in his speeches to the people of Edin- burgh during the general election, and his general attitude will be sufficiently known by a reference to those addresses. The idea that Mr. Goschen will be bought over to support such a scheme of home rule as that indicated on Thursday by a place in the next Liberal Cabinet is scouted by those who best know the right hon. gentleman. MR. O'CONNOR POWER'S VIEWS. Mr. O'Connor Power, in an interview with a repre- sentative of the Central News, said :— I approve of the scheme. I have always been in favour of a similar proposal since I had a seat in Parlia- ment, Whatever differences I have had with the Par- nellites with regard to their methods of procedure in Parliament, and their indirect resort to crime as a means of gaining their ends, I was in thorough accord with them on the principle of legislative independence. Mr. Gladstone's proposals, a* I read them, are fair, and they are based upon the decision of the Home Rule Convention in 1873, and submitted to Parliament in 1874 by Mr. Butt, the then leader of the Home Rule party. With regard to the police, I should favour the Irish Parliament and executive having the control of that body, believing that the law of self-preservation would cause the police to be loyally used for the main- tenance of law and order. As to infusing the new Par- liament with Crown nominees, I do not believe there is any foundation for this, because it is an utterly absurd suggestion. It is absurd because it is a violation of the representative principle at a time when that principle has received an emphatic confirmation by the United Kingdom. I am bound to say that I do not expect the proposal will not receive the full support of the Liberal party from what I have heard, but I believe there will be a large majority in favour of it. I cannot speak for Parliament, but one thing is certain-Mr. Parnell's can- did acceptance of the scheme is necessary to justify its being brought before Parliament by a responsible Government, and to ensure its being received by Par- liament in a sympathetic spirit." OTHER OPINIONS. Mr. THOMAS COOLK, M.P., speaking at Huntingdon on Thursday, said whatever question might come before the new Parliament, he would never give his support to any measure which might lead to dismembermeut of the empire. They were told schemes were being pre- pared both by Mr. Gladstone and Lord Salisbury, but whether they came to anything or not, he thought members of Parliament would not be fulfilling their duty if they supported any measure which had for its end the disruption of the unity of Great Britain and Ireland. lr. E. CLARKE. Q.C., M.P., speaking at a meeting of the Rotherhithe Conservative Association on Friday night, referred to Mr. Gladstone's reported scheme of home rule, and said they had an announcement, the truth of which was practically acknowledged by the pretended repudiation, that one of the leaders of the political parties in the country was prepared to enter into a compact with Mr. Parnell and his followers, and to grant home rule. If the announcement were to be taken as a correct representation of Mr. Gladstone's views he would say that a more gross act of dishonesty was never practised on the English people. If that announcement had been made to the countiy four weeks ago, instead of the Liberals coming back to Par- liament with 333 members, the Covservatives would have come back with a majority which would have lifted the country beyond reach of the designs of those who were aiming at its ruin. A Liberal newspaper said that Lord Salisbury's words at Newport were not a suf- ficient repudiation of homo rule, but now, when the elections were over, and it became a question of mani- pulating the influences within the walls of the House of Commons, Mr. Gladstone came forward with pro- posals which he did not dare to make to the constitu- encies. He believed the result of home rule would be that in a few years conflicts would be going on within the walls of the Irish Parliament, and that capital would be making its escape from the country. Indus- try and capital would be alike unsafe, and in the end we should have to reconquer an impoverished and ruined Ireland. A PROTEST FROM DERRY. At the celebration of the shutting of the gates of Derry on Friday, a resolution was adopted emphatically protesting against Home Rule as being inimical to the liberties of the minority and the interests of the Pro- testaut religion. Mr Macartney, M.P., baid that if from any party advantage or convenience the people of England and Scotland abandoned and betrayed the English and Scotch settlers and the loyal subjects of Ireland who had been induced to come to Ireland under the solemn pledges of protection, the sin and guilt would rest on the heads of those who committed it. The Central News says :-The disclaimer of Lord Hartington in reference to the scheme of Home Rule for Ireland has been received with something akin to a feeling of relief in moderate Liberal circles, and has, moreover, beeu well received among the Conservatives. It is interesting to note that, in addition to his inter- view with Mr Goschen on Saturday, Lord Hartington had also conferences separately with Sir William Har- court and Sir Henry James, and it is understood that the terms of the letter which his lordship addressed to the chairman of his election committee was heartily concurred in by those statesmen. On the other hand, the Central News is enabled to state that Mr Childers' views are unchanged. He draws a hard-and-fast line between Imperial matters, of which the Imperial Parliament should alone take cognisance and the ordinary administration of justice, internal trade, rail- ways, public works, education, and poor-law relief, which an be better administered locally. Generally he would meet in a generous spirit the request which Ireland makes for local self-government. Parliament might go so far as'to require that even in the regula- tion of purely Irish matters, religious liberty and the strict observance of contracts and the right of property should be as much protected as they are under the American Constitution from the infringement of an individual state. Tiie right Hon. G. O. Trevelyan in an interview on Monday morning s?,i(I :-I quite understand that whilst these rumours are afloat. tile opinions of persons who have been connected with the Government of Ireland, even though they are not leaders of the Liberal party, might be looked forward to with interest, but after Mr Gladstone's communication to the Press and Lord Uarungton's letter to his constitu- ieneies I feel satisfied, as far as I am concerned, in letting the matter rest. I always regarded as a calam- ity to the Empire that the Government should have been changed as it was in June last by the Nationalists. I I had hoped that the result of the general election would have been to reverse that vote and place the Liberal party in an undoubted and independent majority. Bat that hope was disap- pointed, and the Government is still in the hands of the majority who defeated Mr Gladstone last j June. I have the very gravest anxieties with regard to the condition of Ireland from such sources of II information as I can get, and I fear that this aspect of the case has all along been too much neglected but I the situation has been produced very deliberately by the action of the Government, aud tny intention is to wait until they have explained their views of the situation before offering criticism and advice which, as my own experience as Irish Secretary shows me, may be fouoded on imperfect and incorrect information. A representative of the Central Xews sought the Right Hon. James Lowther on Monday, and in re- sponse to an application for his opinion upon the Home ¡ Rule scheme, as already published, that gentleman said :-There is a difficulty in my speaking upon the subject of the Irish question without touching inferen- tially upon Mr Gladstone's proposals. For instance, I might speak upon the monstrous proposition of hand- ing over the police to the Irish Executive, only to find that this idea is repudiated by Mr Gladstone.—Re- porter But, keeping clear of the alleged proposals of Mr Gladstone altogether, have you not very clear and well-defined views of your own upon the problem ?— ivir DoNvrtier i es. i nave very strong views indeed, no doubt; but I should prefer, before giving expression to them, to submit them to some responsible personage in our party. In response to a further inquiry, Mr Lowther stated that Lord Hartington's letter was cer- tainly full of meaning. Mr. Storey, M.P., in the course of an interview, said he was in favour of home rule for Ireland. The Irish people had demanded in an unmistakable manner an Irish Parliament in Dublin, and that demand must be conceded. The Whigs had better take counsel of Charles James Fox, who in a crisis not unlike the pre- sent declared: "I will concede to Ireland what shG wants. If the concessions I make are not enough, I will concede more. I know no way of governing a nation but by conciliating it." Jr. Storey admitted that the question of the control of the police might cause some difficulty, but possibly a way out of it might be found. Protective tariffs in Ireland would be a great evil, but this question pointed to a general consideration—the necessity of penning a written con- stitution stating the terms of the imperial bond. From such a covenant solemnly agreed upon neither party could honourably and morally secede without consent. If then force had to be exercised to preserve the union it would be force plus moral right. We should be then in exactly the position of the United States before the secession.
(EoiTCspottbtttxe.
(EoiTCspottbtttxe. All letters must be written on oiie side of the paper, and. accom- panied by the name aad address of the icriter, not necessarily forptiblicatioit, bitt as a guarantee of good faith.
ABERDOVEY "LITERARY" INSTITUTE.
ABERDOVEY "LITERARY" INSTITUTE. Silt,—I am somewhat satisfied. Some remarks of mine which appeared in your paper two weeks ago, pertaining to the above Institute," have drawn forth a strong letter from this quarter. You will, I know, kindly allow me to remark briefly on some observations made therein, which I hope I shall be able to do in such a genial spirit. as that which characterizes "Dovey's" letter. I feel proud of the "one grand fact" that this Institute" is a place of resort for all classes—Conformists and Noncon- formists alike." However underlying this seemly-plain statement there appears to be a hint which I may say does not in the least affect me. I cannot venture to speak of the proof of its usefulness in such forcible terms as Dovey uses, neither do I see what knowledge can be obtained from its debateable form," when no such a thing exists at present. Of course lie is in a better position to judge of its utility than I am, being to use his own word, one of the we'' of the Insti- tute. I heartily acquiesce with "Dovey" in believing that the success of uny-institution depends upon some- thing more practical than a careful watch of its growth and decay," and if he examines closely the statement lie will find that my argument was not based upon that phrase. Neither can I swallow the idea that the Insti- tute is "defenceless." Dovey's'' readiness to write a letter in its defence contradicts this judgment. Further the point on which I raised my complaint was, to use the same words the. overflow of concerts. Arrangements are already being made for a concert on New Year's Eve by the Old Club "-a patriarchal relic which, to use a medical term, will soon die of apoplexy. Little later on I am told we shall have the pleasure of another concert in aid of the institute, and 1, for one, am quite tired of the same songs by the same voices. By all means Jet us keep up the concerts, but let. variety be a distinguishing feature of some of them. For instance, let recitations, dialogues, &c., intersperse the programme. Referring to the competitive meetings which I suggested in my last letter, Dovey seems to believe that because profit does not accrue from such undertakings the result would be disastrous to the institute. I confess that lie stands 011 firm ground. Undoubtedly it "ould be unwise to make a btnlirul)tlof the institute. But has this course been tried ? I think not. In some places competitive meetings do an immense deal of good, in defraying the debts of buildings such as chapels, schools, itc. I do not mean to say that such would be the case here. It might be the reverse. However, we cannot judge the result without a fair trial. He further suggests that I should be asked to get up a committee for the management of the subjects I mentioned in my letter. Now, in return I humbly beg leave to "propose" that" Dovey" will kindly promise to help me in that undertaking. I am ready to stand to this. But for my part 1 would rather see the present committee so arranged as to include the literati as well as the musical men of the place. If two committees be formed, I fear they would strive, to rival each other and in the end prove to be two antagonistic forces, the result of which would give a death-blow to the institute. In bringing this argument forward I wish Dovey to hear in mind that I don't shrink from what I have already said. In conclusion I urge the necessity for the committee to pass a resolution to forbid children to enter the institute after a certain hour, say six p.1II. This would give an opportunity for those that have been working during the day to sit down in peace and quietness to read and study. Thanking you in anticipation for insertion of above, I am, sir, So AND ,-0. VALE OF CLWYD. SIR, "Now the hurly-burly S done," and the battle neither lost nor won, perhaps you may accept a ''yarn'" from an old correspondent. Not on things political, but as heretofore some jottings from my diary whilst sojourn- ing in North Wales. Last winter I spent again in Bar- mouth, with as much satisfaction as experienced in that lovely locality in former days, and returned to smoky shore of the Mersey in April. But when the "leafy month of June came in I left Birkenhead for the Vale of Clwyd, a region I had not previously visited, and C, about the only district in North Wales I had not rambled in of those usually frequented by summer visitors. So pleased was my party of three (including our canine com- panion) that we stayed six months in Dytiryn Clwyd, most of the time at Llanfair, a couple of miles south of Ruthin. In June and July we were very fortunate ,in having secured comfortable quarters in a delightfully- situated cottage called Plastirion. It had been occupied for some years by a gentleman who unexpectedly came in for a large estate in your county, and left his rural cot for a large mansion in a noble park, with the pleasant accompaniment of a large rent roll. The cottage had just been taken and newly furnished when we heard of it, and we were the first visitors. It is situated beauti- fully for a summer sojourn, being on the western slope of one of the lovely hills of the Clwydian ranges. The various glens and paths between the hills afford plenty of varied lovely and picturesque walks. And in the Vale Clwyd below there are in easy distance many pretty and good roads to various small villages—for in- stance, two miles to Llanrydd and its ancient church to Llanbedr, a new one, a mile further, and thence up to Moel Vamina about three miles, or to Moel Valley, on which is a very interesting ancient caml) or circular mound a mile in circumference. From these highest hills, about 1,800 feet, fine views may be enjoyed over immense extent of country, from the distant mountains of Carnarvon and Merioneth to the plains of Cheshire and the wide sands of Dee and the Wirral district and River Mersey. Behind Plastirion there is a lovely glen and path leading to the old village Llanarmon, or by a road on south along side of some hills called the Shelf- road, to Llandegla village, six miles. We walked to Llandegla also by the excellent modern road through Nant-y-Gaith, and thi.s is considered the prettiest walk or drive in the district. The road winds through a series of round hills, constantly seeming to change in features as you pass,—some finely wooded, others grassy, some thickly covered with bracken and furze. A streamlet flows through, now at one side, then at the other, of the road. From Llandesrla we walked one July sunny day to Llanarmon by the winding road and bank of the Alyn. and so through the hills to our cottage. Game abounds on these hills, and in the woods pheasants and ground game are numerous. We saw some of the shooting parties after the grouse in August on Moel Ddu, a hill of some extent covered with heather. Its conical shape makes it a remarkable feature in the outline of the range, and is very line as viewed from the pretty, wooded g-len. Plas Nant, in the entrance to which is the reservoir for storing water supply for Ruthin. The views over the Vale of Clwyd from the various summits of the hills are very tine. The great plain of over twenty miles to Hhyl on the coast in highly culti- vated, and abounds with ornamental timber and well- kept hedgerows, amid which the numerous farm buildings and little villages show result of long-settled prosperous industry in a fertile country. In the midst, at intervals of some eight miles, -ire I he thriving towns of Ruthin, Denbigh, St. Asaph, and the long line of houses on the shore at Rhyl bound the distance to north. Looking south are various undulating groups of low hills to the higher ones near the valley of the Dee and the Berwyn mountains. We changed in August to a "villa"' cottage at Llan-J fair, a small village near the Egarth station of the railway from the main line at Uhvl to Corvven. The latter is ten miles and Ruthin only two from Egarth, so that we found LIanfair an excellent centre to make excursions hom. The village is on a little height above the plain, and lovely views of the hills at both bides are had from it, and roads branch in all directions, besides excellent Meld paths. The Clwyd river flows near, coming from the beautiful vale, Nant Clwyd, between wooded hills. Two fine roads at either side of the river lead to Ruthin; the one through the beautiful park and by the castle is unique fp-r beauty, and the ancient town of Ruthin, on its circular elevation, with the fine old Church of St. Peter, are interesting. We found many delightful walks are available from Llan- fair—to name much less to describe which would be tedious. But there^are two especially to be recommended -one to Nant Clwyd Hall, the seat*of the popular and excellent landlord, Colonel Naylor Leyland, and over his wooded hills to Xantygarth at other side. Another from Egarth over hill, opposite above the river to Pool Park the large estate of Lord Bagot, and by roads through vales to Pont F chaf, or High Bridge, and so to Ruthin. This latter is very varied in scenery, and about twelve to four- teen miles in all, but a good deal up and down hill like the Devonshire roads. Altogether this country in and about Vale Clwyd is as pleasant as any inland districts to be found anywhere for a summer sojourn. The scenery is not grand or rugtced like that of most of North Wales, but lovely like a choice bit of rural England in Wales. Most of the larger farm houses afford plain accommodation to visitors, of which many avail who pre- ter quiet rural country to a seaskle in summer. We lingered long at lovely little Llanfair J). C. and have lately come into comfortable winter quarters at Rhyl. We sojourned here some years ago, and fiud the town much enlarged and improved every way since then. Except South port I never saw a cleaner place or with such I' excellent footpaths and streets so well kept. Shops and supplies, all can be deserved. Yet the people complain of depression of the times, and this is the cry everywhere, even in the bappy Valley of the C'lwyd. -ti)])Y N'alley Not the least attraction at Llanfair D.C. is its ancient church recently improved and restored. The services in English and Welsh are well attended, and at the harvest thanksgiving the large church was crowded by farmers and their families from most parts of the extensive parish. The vicar is very popular with all classes- -with I the Nonconformists as well as those of the church of the establishment.—1 remain, your obedient servant, C. RU.STICCM. Gordon House, Rhyl, 2!)th December. P.S.You have heard of the Jubilee Tower raised on P.S.You have heard of the Jubilee Tower raised on Moel Vamma, in 1810 to commemorate the fifty years reign of George III. I was at a well attended meeting lately at Ruthin when preliminary steps were taken for rebuilding the new delapidated affair, or substituting a better style of monument in the coming Jubilee year of our gracious and well beloved monarch. Support and funds are promised from various quarters especially from Liverpool. Major Cornwallis West (now M.P.) presided at the meeting, letters from the Mayor of Liverpool and other influential persons were read highly approving. C.R. YOUTH AND PROGRESS. SIR,Yovir article in last week's issue on "Youth and Progress" was, I am sure, welcomed by many of the young readers of your paper. All their desires in that direction seemed to be expressed in it. The result, as you say, of the recent extension of the franchise and of the establishment of elementary schools will be to create a greater interest in political questions. The result is plainly visible even now. A greater interest was taken by the young men of Aberystwyth in the election not only in their own county but also in the eleetions all over the country than has been taken during any other general election, and that interest was not manifested for the sake of party, but for the sake of principle. To any intelligent observer it was evident that those who took the greatest interest in the elections were on the side of progress and reform. The interest I have referred to was not created by the general election. It existed previously to it, and it exists as strongly now after the turmoil and excitement of the election are over. Young men are now looking forward with eagerness to the meeting of Parlia- ment. They discuss among themselves measures and reforms which they think ought to be carried. They find that millions of pounds of the country's resources are wasted every year in dressing a certain number of our fellow creatures in all the colours of the rainbow and in parading them in Hyde Park or some other part for the gratification of a lady whose delight spems to be in heaping decorations, pensions, titles, place and power upon those most skilled in the art of killing. Millions of money are spent every year in providing these men with the most approved weapons for killing human beings. They are drilled and instructed in the use of those weapons and small pretext is wanting to make them display their skill and valour before the eyes of the civil- ized world. Young men ought not to forget that, how- ever civilized we may be, England allow wholesale slaughter of human beings to go 1m from year to year without a protest. They find, again, that thou- sands of pounds are annually paid to certain persons simply because a well-paid ancestor of theirs was skilled in this art of killing. And not only that, but we find that these are the very persons who are strongest and most persistent in their opposition to reform, and who most obstinately thwart the wishes of the people. I have only mentioned these instances of the waste of public money in order to show that young men, when they find money wasted so wantonly before the eyes of the people, are justified in inferring that much more is wasted in ways which the people wot not of. Why these glaring abuses have been allowed to survive until the present time in an intelligent country like England is a puzzle to the youth who to-day is interested in politics. They are in favour of progress in every possible direction, but they do not see how progress can be made until evils like these which lie deep down in the foundations of political insti- tutions are removed. I think you will agree with me, sir, that this interest of the youth of the country on political matters is a thing which should be fostered by the older members of the Liberal party in every district; and in this connection I should like to ask has this been done by our leaders in Aberystwyth ? Is it being done by them ? With every respect for our political seniors, and while fully acknow- ledging the work they have done in other directions, [ feel constrained to say that they have done next to nothing in encouraging the youth in the town politically. In tact they have ignored the young altogether. They seem to be too short sighted to see that in a few years the franchise of the country will be exercised by the youth of the present day. Is it not therefore of vital importance that the young men who are already interested should be thor- oughly rooted aud grounded in sound political economy be instructed in the reforms which will soon have to be dealt with, and in the problems which are pressing for solution with greater and greater force as time rolls 011. Some organization, I believe, is required in the town for this purpose. I have written this letter in complience with your kind invitation that the young should avail themselves of the columns of your paper for the expre-siun of their wishes, hoping, also, that it may meet the eye of those who are in the position of establishing such an or- ganization as that referred to if they feel disposed. I am, &c., YOUTH. THE MONTGOMERY BOROUGH ELECTION. SIR,—Much satisfaction is felt in Machynlleth at the bold attitude taken by the Cambrian News in its editorial remarks upon the Montgomery boroughs election. Much as we deplore the loss of the seat to Liberalism, the result was only what was anticipated by many people, especially those whose apathy was manifest while the contest was going 011. It was the general talk that Mr Tracy would have to look sharp or content himself with a sure defeat. It has been very clearly proved that Mr Tracy did not look sharp, but merely treated the idea of his being de- feated by such an opponent with contempt. We have also read that the Newtown General Committee did not exert itself beyond its own vicinity. Neither did the sub-committee and local agents at Machynlleth work with any spirit. True that a friend of Mr. Tracy's in Machynlleth did what :he could, but judging from that gentleman's apathy at all times in the county elec- tion, everyone felt that his interest in the borough election was more personal than political. We would suggest that the Liberal party in the borough should have a clear voice in the selection of a candidate for the next election. Why should we accept the Hon. Hanbury Tracy as our representative without questioning his fitness for the sent Having in a sense inherited the honour, he does not satisfy the voters. We need a thoroughly representative committee of the Montgomery boroughs. If Mr. Hum- phreys Owen will make a better member, or if we can find someone who will represent the people of the Mont- gomery boroughs better, let Mr. Tracy by all means abide by the decision of the late election. What about ?»lr. Edward Davies, Llandinam ? As to Machynlleth, the Conservative committee was large and influential. The Liberals, however, were con- tent with a mere clique, who evidently considered them- selves weighty enough to secure the safe keeping of the seat in the Tracy family. The seat undoubtedly will ultimately come back to the Liberals, but not without re- form in the organization of the general and local com- mittees. PICKWICK. "THE HUNDRED MINISTERS OF MERIONETH- SHIRE." Sm,- Yonr correspondent" Cynic" begins his queer letter in your last issue by stating, I am not one of the hundred Nonconformist ministers of Merionethshire." After reading his effusion, I could not help exclaiming— "Thank (rod that you are not, otherwise I should have but poor hopes of the future of my native county." Dr. Johnson, in his large Dictionary, describes" Cynic" as one having the qualities of a dog, currish, brutal, snarl- ing, satirical;" if lie had added, and iiiiti-iithfull" his description would have suited your correspondent exactly. Mr. Edward Griffith never "picked out the Noncon- formist ministers as the securers of the Liberal victory in this connty." He never hinted that Ir. Henry Robert- son did not do something towards winning his election." There is no man in the county who knows better than Mr. Griffith what Mr. Robertson did to secure the election, nor what effect his sterling qualities and straightforward honesty did to rivet his supporters together, nor what strenuous efforts were made by many whose names will, possibly, remain unknown to secure such a glorious victory, and there is not a syllable in his letter which de- tracts from the praise which is due. But when we remem- ber the efforts made by Mr. Morgan Lloyd, from the very commencement of his campaign to its close, to alienate the Nonconformist ministers from Mr. Robertson, and when we remember how signally he failed—that not one of them swerved from their allegiance in spite of old ties and old friendships—it is a fact, which redounds to their honour. When they promised their support to Mr. Robertson they had no idea that Mr. Morgan Lloyd would appear as his opponent-an old friend of many, an old fellow-student of some, and an old pupil of one-yet, they all stood faith- ful to their promises, and Mr. Lloyd's eloquence and wiles were all expended upon them in vain. True Mr Edward (.Ti-iflith :s a Calvinistic Methodist, and a deacon, and is proud of his connection with that j denomination. But there was not a word in J" letter thft gave Cynjc" any reason to tiiink so he referred to the Nonconformist ministers generally, and not to a section of them. And who is Cynic to call him to account ? If "Mr Edward Griffith's letter savours cf irn- pertinence," does not "Cynic's" letter savouro of im- pudence, if not of something worse ? I think so, and his letter almost inclines me to pray rheprayer of the I'haiisee of old, and to thank God that I aLl X OT A Cy!().
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On Tuesday the first train was run through the Mer- sey Railway tunnel from Birkenhead to Liverpool. The trial was a prelimnary one to the formal opening by the Prince and Princess of Wales on January 20th. It is stated there is a prospect of a speedy termination of the lock-out ot the Dinorwic slate quarries, near Car- narvon, Mr Assheton Smith having arrived and inves- tigated several of the grievances of the men. At Oxford City court on Tuesday. Francis Carl Suck- ling, an undergraduate of St. Mary's Hall, was charged %i ith stealing from a room in St. Mary's Hall a cash- box, containing two the pound notes and 30s. in gold, and other -lie property of Mr Spearling, a fellow under-graduate. The prisoner, who reserved his defence, was committed for trial, A curious burial incident is reported from Cash el. At the burial of an old pauper the coffin was taken to the grave, and through an accident it was shaken, when the lid slipped aside and disclosed to the 3pectators that the coffin was empty. Owing to some mistake the corpse had not been nnt. in A "1: I coliected, and while the people in-ere (lisculsiig the matcer, a namesake of the deceased, who bears some resemblance to him, was seen approaching. The country people at once became terrified, and scattered in all directions, praying and ejaculating, and fully conviuced that the dead had come to life. The fact however, that the mau had his clothes on eventually brought them back to their senses. Subsequently the hearse and coffin were sent back to the poor-house for the body, and the burial proceeded. About eleven o'clock on Monday morning a fire broke out on the extensive premises of Messrs Jones and Co., wholesale linendrapers and general warehousemen. Wine-street, Bristol. The firm carry on business in seven or eight shops adjoining, and the fire occurred in the flower department. All the assistants were at work, and the fire burst out with such suddenness that some of them escaped with great difficulty. Three young ladies had to drop from the front windows, and such was the rapidity with which the flames spread that their clothes caught fire. They, however, escaped without further injury. The vigorous efforts of the fire brigade enabled them to avert what threatened to be a great catastrophe. The houses in this part of the city are very old, and the thoroughfare is crowded. In about an hour the fire was got under. The damage, however, will amount to several thousands of pounds. The new Valuation Roll for Perthshire, which has just been published, bears ample evidence of continued agricultural depression in that county. For 1885-6 the valuation of the county is £ 882,069, compared with £ 888,246 last year, being a decrease of £ 6,177. Thi& decrease is mainly owing to a fall in the rents of farms. both arable and graziag, land having been depreciated during the year to the amount of nearly £ G,000. The next heaviest decrease is caused by unlet shootings, and there is also a fall of £ 615 on the value of hydro- pathic establishments in the county. There is a rise in the salmon fishing rents of £ 6S4. and new houses give an increase of ÐIt:i3. The mineral rent has risen during the year £ 418. At the present rent collection land- lords in all parts of the county have granted remissions to their tenants ranging from ten to 25 per cent. These remissions have now been granted for at least seven years but, notwithstanding this, rents continue to fall, and farms to change hands. Lord Harris, writing on the subject of farming cattle for shows, saysI have expressed my very decided opinion on two occasions that farming cattle for Christ- mas shows, with the prize money thrown in, does uot pay the exhibitor. With the breeder I have nothing to do. His prices are no doubt fictitiously kept up by these prize-offering shows, and will have to come down. In the case of the bullock shown me at the Canterbury Cattle Show, and which took a second prize, the fat- tening operation had been conducted on sound business principles, and I repeat without hesitation that I do not believe fattening cattle to the abnormal ske re- quired for prize winning is a profitable investment. Lord Harris proceeds to show the gradual increase in the weight of the animal from March last, and points out that from May oth to June 3rd the ammal practi- cally stood still, while during July the increase was very disappointing. The animal was purchased for 928 7s., and its food cost £ 29 5s. 5d. The value of manure was £ 6 18s., and of the prize while the bullock was sold for £ 35. The loss by the transaction was £12 14s. 5d. A London correspondent writes We shall hear a gcod deal of the Crofters in the new Parliament. There will be, in addition to other parties, a Crofter party which will miss no opportunity of making itself heard. and is sure to gather round it a strong contin- gent from the Radical benjhes. The effect of the election is already seen in the fact that one of the great Scotch landlords has made a reduction of 50 per cent. on the rent claimed from the Crofters. That is very well in its way, but it is not a step taken in the direction where the Crofters need aid. What they want is not to pay less rent, but to get more land. Driven from their ancient pastures in order that a sheep farm might grow or deer might be shot, they have been huddled together upon allotments upon the produce of which no man could live, much less main- tain a family. They are a peculiar race with whom no one can live a week without learning to entertain a profound respect. They are hardy, honest, and in- dustrious, tilling their scrap oi land in due season, and always ready to take a hand in the boat in the hope of eking out a little extra monev by fishing. Their de- mands are moderate, their intentions honest, and their voices will certainly be heard ia the new Parliament.
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