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I ! CHWARYDDIAETH Y
CHWARYDDIAETH Y BRENIN LLYR. GAN SHAKSPEARE. "EDI EI GYMKEIGIO O GOPI EGLUBIADOIi CSAIOES A MARY COWDEN OLARü, J GAIT NATHAN FLYFED. PmtSOIfAU CHWABYDDOII. LIyr, Brenin Prydain, „ Brenin Ffraingc. Dug Burgundi. Dug Cerriyw. Dug Albaui. Iarll Caint, Iarll Caerloew. Edgar, fab Oaerloew, Emwnt, ei Fastardil. Curan, G-wr Llys. Oswald, G-oruchwyliwr 1 Goneril. Hynafgwr, Deiliad Caerloew. Weddyg. FFWL. Cad ben, yng ngwasanaetli Emwnt. Boneddwr, Gweinyddwr i Gordelia. Herodr. Gweision Dug Cerny w. Goneril, ) Began, >Perched Llyr, Cordelia,) Cordelia,)
CHWARYDDIAETH III.
CHWARYDDIAETH III. GOLYOTA 2,-(Parhad),-Rban arall o'r-Waen. dymhestl yn para. ,Caint yn dyfod I mewn. etmu. IFWY 3yau YN.* r FF ^ARO y mae dyn call a ffwl ym«, Caint. Ow, syr, ai yma'r y'ch? 'rhai garant n03» Ni cnarant fath y nOs ofnadwy hon! X nwyfre ddig frawycha wibiaid y iymheatlawg wyll, a'r dryehin drom I gadw'n gogof er pan wyf yn ddyn, iath lenni TAN, fath dyrfau echvys rwysg, Fath ochau dyfn gan unol wynt a GWLNW, I'm c6f yn awr, ni fu y fath i'm clyw 1 natur dyn, rby anhawdd ydy w dwyn Y cur a'r ofn. Ltyr. 0 boed i'r duwiau mawr 1 By'n cadw y fath echrys dwrf uwch ben, Gael allan eu gelyniou (un IIC 011) Dychryna di yr adyn sy'n ymddwyn Troseddau cêl, tu hwnt i lygad dyn, ■Rhag ffrewyll lem cyfiawnder sy'n osgol, Ti lofrudd, anudonwr, a tliir, gau Arddelydd rhinwedd, wyt odineb wr: A thi ddyhiryn ctyna'n ddarnau briw, Yr hwn mewn dirgel a chyfaddas fan A luniajst trad yn erbyn bywyù dyn, Chwychwi weithi edoedd 'sgeler, rhwygwcli 'n awr llennl a'ch cuddiant, ac erfyniwch imwdd erch ringyllion hyn. Myli wyf ddyn Dramgwyddir twy nac y tramgwydda i hun. Caint. Gwae ft, fy mhenfoel, fy urddasol bfir, Yn agoe yma mae cabaudy gwael; Rydd i chwi beth tynerweh rhag y 'storm s Gorphwyawch, tra'r hwnt i"r caled dy. fCalettach nag YW'r meini sy'n ei fur, Pan's meityn awn, i holi am danoch cbwI. Nagasant ti dd'od mewn), dychweiaf er gwresaw prin. LZyr. Y mae fy mhwyll yn troi.— Tyr'd di, fy mab: p'odd 'r wyt, fy mab? wyt oer* "IT wy'n oer fy hun.—B'le mae'r gwellt hyn, fy lig'H&r? Celtyddyd ein hanghenion, dybithr yw Wna'n werthfawr bethau gwael. Tjr'd, b'le mae'r bwtii ? Ffwl tlawd a'M gwaa, un ran o'm calon aydd. ffwl. [Yn canu.) Yr H wN A fedd ar 'cbydig bach o bwyll. A R J T ,E, H<?>.y GWYNTA'R gwlaw,— ni er twyll Ira beuny^d y t^'lifa'r ^wlaw. HVN^R- WIR> fachgen.—Tyred, dwg ni i'r cabandy *v [Llyr A Chaint yn mynrd ullari. K *[■ Noswaith iawn YW hon i oeri llyswr, traethaf orophwvdoliaeth cvn ymadael: Pan gwell gwyr lldn mewn gair na gweithred Darllawyr a dwr ar frag yn gwneyd collgd L/rddolion yn byffordllfr teilwriaid Dim llosgi'r geugred, ond merched yn gei?iald; PAN fo pob pwnc cyfreithiol yn gylion; Ysweiniaid di-ddyled, dim tlawd farcbogiooi Pan na f'o enllib yn fyw ar dafodau NA lladron ar y prif-fiyrdd yn heidiau- Pan rifo usuriaid eu haur ar dwyni; Budrogod a swgod yn codi eglwysi ;— Yna y bydd teyrnas Aluion Mewll llawer 0 amryson YNA da w'r amser, pwy bynagfobyw, I deithio ar draed gan ddynolryw. JH/TNA'R brophwydoliaeth A "gaiff Myrddin wneyd; O "wydd yr wyf i yn byw o flaen ei amser ef. [Yn myned allan. GOLYGFA 3.—Ystafell yn nghastell Caerloew. Caerloew ac Emwnt yn dyfod i mewn. 0CH OC^ Emwnt, nid wyf yn caru'r draf- I natur yma. Pan ofynais eu caniatSd i fyned trugaredd arno, cymerasant oiarnaf ddefn- ha>>F0 FY hun gan fy rliybuddio, dan boen o'u ^II^DLORIRWYDD parhaus, 1 beidio siarad ag ef, erfyn IIX!. drosio, na'i gyual mewn uu modd. PMW. Tra chreulawn ac annal uriol! VN 1J peidiwch chwi d'weyd dim. Y mae HV»RAN'A<^ cydrhwng y dugiaid a phwnc gwaeth na I- N&•• cefais lythyr y n6s hon;—Y mae yn ber.vglus i ARAD MI a gloais y llythvr yn fy myfyrgell: y Y MAE'R brenin yn ei oddef yn awr, a cldielir J y mae rhan o'r gallu ar drued yn awr rhaid FC,J 1 at ochr y brenin. Ymcliwiliaf am dano, ac JJ yn ddirgelaidd ewcli chwi, a phar- JTKNF !I J S'.ARAD a'r dug, fel na byddo'M helusen i yn GL„F YDEDIG ganddo: os gofyn am danaf, yr wyf yn danA C 'EDI LLLyned i'r gwely. Os rhaid i mi furw am FRERII'IW11 "AD llai na hyny a fygythir arnaf, rhaid i'r beth DX- TU" ^E'STR, gael ei gynorthwyo. Y mae rhyw ofalus BR Y blaen, Emwnt atolwg, byddwch A'MTO Y [Xn myned allan. byair yn DDW^'SRWYDD hyn, a omeddwyd I ti, a liys- YRNDDENCVA HF.EG I R DUK • AC o'r cyfryw lythyr hefyd lddo DDWVN J 1 MI yn wir haeddianol, a rhaid fydd. cyfan: YR IEN -VR Hyn a gyll fy nliad,—dim llai na'r K^YD Y PRS/D y ^YRTH yr 1,0, [Yn myned allan. GOLYGFA a _pv L • -Khan o'r Waen, gyda. bwthyn. R Y dymhestl yn para. Llyr, Caint, a.'r Ffwl yn dyfod i mewrr. ainf, Dv ma r lie, fy RJJJ. da chwi. '1x1 rhi, dewch mewn: n39 yn rhy arw 1 F.YR\ Gadewchlonydd im\ "IT. r V arglwydti da, dewch mewn. Y~YR- A doi-i dt fy nghalon ? JJI Yn hytrach lawer, torwn fy un i. *Y argiwydd da, deuwch 'n awr i laewn. Llyr. Tt gredi mat pwnc mawr YW'r 'storm anynad hon, By'n rhuthro ar ein cnawd 'r un fath i ti Ond lie bo'r dolur mwyaf wedi cloi, Y lleiaf braidd a'n ddiin. Gochell'r arth, Ond 09 dv FT'oad h',1d at ruol fôr, Gwrtliseii'N safn yr arth. A meddwl rhydd, Y corff rytld BYW: v dymhestl yn fy mryd O'm syniad ddwg bob teimlad arall, ond A dery yna.- Anniolchgarwch plant! At nid yw tel—I'r genau rwygo'r Haw AM gludo'i iwyd ? Dialaf adre'n Uwyr «A, ni wylaf mwy.—ARY fath NRI3 *J" nghau o'm ty Arllwysa, goddef wnaf — X,LATTL 1,63 A HON 1 ° ITEGAN, Goneril 1 CH hen fwyn dad, o'i galon rwydd, rhoi'r oil,— • niae gwallgofrwydd y ffovdd yna'n bod, aid ^OCHEL hyny; ond, dim mwy am hyn. Cava Fy anwyl arglwydd, dewch yma 'i fewn. KI J' Clyw, dos > fewn dv hun. i gael dy saib Ar VZ L R -VST,ORM BY" genad imi ddal FVT TI HU'NI P0(JLLLL"T fwy.—Ond af i mewn. "B Y Ffwl.] Mewn, w&S; o'm blaen.—Ti ddi-dy dlodi,— !fa, dos di fewn. Gweddiaf, yna cwsg.— UriMn! • [Y Ffwl yn myned i mewn. BVRT noethion tlawd, b'le bynag 'r y'ch, guriadau'rannhrugarog'storm, VM„, 8<JU1 eich tai di-do, a'ch hochrau gweig— fiha FRILTI°g dyllau'ch diffyn chwi, • dymhorau hyn .■* 0 meddwl bum Cvfl °^A' 8REI1'' gan fawredd rhwysg! YM,?N C>N,«R' R!'DRI;S er inwyn it Ac A. hyn A deimlant hwy, iddynt ran o'th ormodd di, FC/"U'R^P K.Y|I!IW»<IER, fwy I net. FVIRR R '■ EWA'J Gwrhyd a lianer, gwrhj-d a haner! [Y Ffwl yn rhedeg allan o'r bwthyn. YNIA i. ,E C d'od yma, 'newyrth, y mae ysbryd Co' HELP«ch ti) helpwch i\ I M' LAW.—Pwy sydd yna? TOM IST"\yd, ysbryd; dywed mai ei enw yw pwr ^E'NIA'S'6^ wyt ti sy'n grymial yma yn y gwellt? .11. 3. Edgar yn dyfod i mewn, gan ymddangoa fel £ gorphwyllog. Y MAE'R ellyll brwnt yn fy nilyn 1— livN, PRAIN pigog mae'r gwynt oer yn chwythu. 1.1 "S 1 DY VER ^ELY ao yxndwyrnna. \vedi H: !'°,ddaist ti dy oil i'th ddwy fercli, ac a wyt .1 d oct I PW>' ?y rhoi dim I pwr Tom ? agy mae'r diawl a'r 'VAJ" drwy r tin, a thrwv'r FFLIURI, dnvy y rhyd K'USTNI OROS y gors a'r lignen a gosod cyllill dan ei 8OS,,H K'A CHEB;YSVRAU Y° EI eisteddle yn yr eglwys yn ^LCH NKW,II1WXN* KY^A'I gawl, yn ei wiu-yd yn BOT,K_ S4'0'1.1 farchogaeth oeffyl trotian gwineu dros BRAFW P^DAIR modfeddi, i ddilyn ei gysgod ei hun tel OEI- ,V B«"»dithier dy bum tynwyr!—Mae Torn yn -E' ^E- Bendifchier di rhag cor- E'USI»F- SEJ'HWYDIAU, a heintiau! Rho'wch ryw ^W1 N* y niae'r diawl yn ei flino :—dyna lie e n awr, ac acw,—ac acw eto,—ac acw. Llvr FCTN [YR ystorm yn para, HYN » II ■? ^.W E ARCHED wedi ei ddwyn i'r cyllwr 'ddy'nt? A ESIT 11 ACHUB dim? A roddaist ti'r cwbl ill mewiTc'wdlydd5 Wedi Cndw gwrthban, onide buasem IN YR blaiiu sydd vn yr awyr-gr<5g BDIAITY F DROSEddau dynion drwg, UR DY ferched. Llyr. AMFO.KAJL(1(?0 merched, syr. Ei natur CVN I«LI OES A'lasai ddwyil Ai gnawd i DARTAF °"D DVVY fercli anfwyn, Mor ANNHOSTUFJOI Y.S"«EDIG fOD briodol gosp V CIT C"awd eu hun ? » p.Ug Edg. Pilieog seddai ar Bilicog f Ihlw, hidw, JW,lw! ryn, &dg. Cymerwch ofal rhae VR ,N N "ENI; oadw dy air yn gywir V,AID !Y ENI }>YDEDDA dy FWRAIG 'IT b, ac na osod dy lwriad "acymunaa Mae Tom yn oer. M ^lsgoedd gwych- Llyr. PA beth a fuost? Gwaianaethwr, balch mewn calon N E*C 1 Kwallt; yn dwyn menyg yn FV"ELD„WL: YN L?ifL"AFTLLU drygedd calon fy meistres; OCW LLW A8 » letarwn o eiriau, ac A'u T^RWN VNU ^IVRFEB TEG Y nefoedd uu A hunaj wrth ,IDVFJUUJ .Hcaddlhunai i'w gyllawni: carwn wln BRI GORDJ <LISLAU'" anwyl; ac am fenyw yn tra- Wn3T '1,U R Twrc yn dwyllodrus o galon, ysj/ufn O ,N«WI',LFI<VILED'YD ° 'AW mouhyn mewn diogi, llwynog DCLEJRI ECLRHd, blaidd mewn trachwaiit, ci mewn cyn- I A llew mewn ysglyfaeth. Na fydded esgidiau, na rhugl-drystlad sid..nau fradychu *?I' ,E"VW CADW dy droed o dafarnau, dy law G ,)• DY ysgrifell o lyfiau berithycwyr, a lieria'r *EVD ° DRWY R ddmenen y cliwyth y gwynt oer, gan I mun, noni. Jjolpliyn fy mab, fy mab, UYR EJi>10 trotied ef. [Yr ystorm yn para. > UL IIORRV"1, Byddai'n well i ti fod yn dy fedd, nag ateb V D.VN V EF°,FL YR eithatiou hyn i'r ffurfafeil.—Ai "id A ''YLED 11$LLA hyn ? Ystyrierefyn dda. Nid wyt H^1 UI, AM SIdan, yr anifael am groen, y ddafad 6 V' ,LA R gatli am berarogl.—lla, dyuia dri o LIONT^'H FO^> resym wyr! Tydi ywy pelh ei hunan VM WU» ymgeledd, nid yw fwy na rhywdlawd, FE'NMCII^UL "OLELLUG 'r Ull fath a thi.—I'mailh, FXF. hycion tyred, amfotyina yma. Atoi,. [YN rhwygo'I" ddillad ymaith, FYNM^' NE_wyrth, bydd dawel; mae'n noswaith ION, «*.Wlt —Yn awr ychydig d&n mewn DA, FACL1> Y debvg i galon lien bechadur,—gwreich- &dgl ^WE A'" 1 8YD yn oer.—Edrych, dyma YTI R .^I'-VLL brwnt Fflibertisibed y mae yn A BU',11*1 >" CEIL! G,1YF"°D Y ddyhuddgloch.aca deithia h'yd 'pha'r XV.J'% "'YDD y W6 a'r wall, trawsia'r llygad, DURIAID tlawd™ DDAEARHA R GWENITH 8WY"' A DRY«A CWTRT'F-FIV1! JEIRSWAHH dros y tir; RIVRT NAWCNYW ir; Gwnaith lddi O draw hldo'i Haw, Cqitzt. l!'lJôs ymaith, wl;ach: doa ymaith. toad y mae eich grOs? (I'w bar/tau.J
KING LEAR.
KING LEAR. By SHAKSPEARE. DRAMATIS PERSON&, Lear, King of Britain. King of France. Duke of Burgundy. Duke of COrll wall. Duke of Albany. Eavl of Kent. Earl of Gloster Edgar, son to Gloster. Edmund, Bastard Son to Gloster. Cumn, a Courtier. Oswald, titeward to Goneril, Old Man, Tenant to Gloster. Physician. Fool. Captain employed by Edmund. Gentleman, Emissary to Cordelia, A Herald. Servants to Cornwall. Goneril, ) Began, > Daughters to Lea*, Cordelia, )
ACT III.
ACT III. bCKNK 2.-(Continlled) .-Another part of the heath. Storm continues. Enter Kent. JTent. v5Tiors there ? Fool. Marry, here's a wise man and a fool. Kent. Alas sir, are you bere? things tbat love night. Love not such nights as these; the wrathful skiea Gallow the very wanderers of the dark, And make them keep their caves: since I was man. Such sheets of fire, such burst3_of horrid thunder. Such groans of roaring wind and ram, I neVer Remember to have heard: man's nature cannot carry The affiictioll nor the fear. Lear. Tet the great gods, That keep this dreadful pother o'er our heads, Find out their enemies now. Tremble, thou wretch, That hast within thee undivulg6d crimes, Unwhipp'd of justice hide thee, thou bloody hand. Tliou and thou simular of virtue That art incestuous caitiff, to pieces shake. That under covert and convenient seeming Hast practis'd on man's life: close pent-up guilts, Kive your concealing continents, and cry These dreadful summoners grace,-I am a man More sinn'd against than sinning. Kent. Alack, bare-headed! GraciollS my lord, hard by here is a hovel; Some friendship will it lend you, 'gainst the tempest: Repose you there while I to this hard house (More hard thall is the stone whereof 'tis rais'd Which even but now, demanding after you, Denied me to come in) return, and force Their scanted courtesy. Lear, My wits begin to turn.- Come on, my boy: how dost, my boy ? art cold ? I am cold myself.—Where is this stnLw, my fellow? The art of our necessities is strange, That can make vile things precious. Come, your hove\ Poor fool and knave, I have one part in my heart; That's sorry yet for thee. Fool. [Singinf!,) He that has and a little tiny wit,- With hey, ho, the wind and the rain,- Must make content with his fortunes lit; Though the rltÍn it raiucth every day. Lear. True, boy.-Come. bring us to this hovel. [Exeunt Lear and Kent. Fool. This is a brave night to cool a apeak a prophecy ere I go Whell vriests are more in word than matter ¡ When brewers mllr their malt with water When nobles are their tailors' tutors No but wenches' suitors; When every case in law is right; No squire in debt. nor no poor knight; When slanders do not live ill tongues; Nor cutpurses come not to throngs When usurers tell their gold i' the lield: And jades and sluts do churches build ¡- Then shall the realm of Albion Come to great confusion Then comes the time, who lives to see't, That going shall beus'dwith feet. This prophecy Merlin shall make; for I live before his time. [Exit.
SCENE 3.—A room in Gloster's…
SCENE 3.—A room in Gloster's castle. Enter Gloster and Edmund. Glo. Alack, alack, Edmund, I like not this unnatural dealing. Wilen I desired their leave that I might, pity hilll, they took from me the use of mine own house; charged me, 011 p.iin of their perpetual displeasure, neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor any way lust ,i.n lJim, Edm. Most savage and unnatural Glo, Go to; say you nothing. There is division between the dukes; and a worse matter than that I have received a letter this night ;tis dangerous to b" spoken I have locked the letter in my closet. these injuries the king now beal's will be revenged home there is part of a power already footed we "lIIst incline to the king. I will seek him, and privily relieve him: go you, and maintain talk with the duke, that. my charity be not of him perceived if he ask for me, I am ill, and gone to bed, If 1 die for it, as no less is threatened me, the kin^ myoid master must be -re- lieved. There is some strange thing toward. Edmund pray you, be careful. [Exit. Edm. This courtesy, forbid thee, shall the duke Instantly know; and of that letter, too ;— This seems a fair deserving, and must draw me That which my father loses,-no less than all The younger l'ises when the old doth fall. (ExIt.
6CEXE 4.—A part of the heath,…
6CEXE 4.—A part of the heath, with a hovel. Storm continues. Enter Lear, Kent, and Fool. Kent. Here is the place, my lord; good my lord, enter: The tyranny of the open night's too roush For nature to endure. úar. Let me alone. Kent. Good my lord, enter here. Lear. Wilt break my heart ? Keitt. I had rather break mine own. Good my lord, enter. Lear. Thou 'tis much that this contentious storm Invades us to the skin: so 'tis to thee; Ðut where the greater malady ;s lix'd. The lesser is scarce felt. shun a bear; But jf th Y flight lay toward the roaring sea, Thou'dst meet the bear i' the mouth. When the mind's free, Tho body's delicate the tempest in my mind Doth from my senses take all feeling dse Save what beats there, -Filial ingratitude! Js it not as this mouth should tear this hand Tor lifting food I will punish home i— '1'10, I will weep 110 more.—In such 1\ night To shut, me out 1 Pour ou I will endure :— In such a night as this! 0 Regan, Goneril Your old kital father, whose frank heart gave 11011,- Oh, t,}¡;Lt way madncss lies; let me shun that; JS 0 more of that. Kmt. Good my lord, enter here. Lear. Pl"ythee, go in thyself seek thine own ease: This tempest will not give me leave to ponder Oil things would hurt me more.-But I'll jl;o in.— [To the Fool.] In, boy; go (¡rst.-You h\Ju98lus poverty,- Nay, get thee in. I'll pray, and then I'll sleep.- [Pool goes in. p, ,or naked wretches, wl1eresoe'er vou are, That bide the pelting of his pitiless storm, How shaH your bonscless heads and unfed sides, Your loop'd and raggedness, defend you From seaSons such as these ? Óh, I have ta'en Too little care of this Take physic, pomp Expose thyself to fed what wretches feel, That, thou mayst shake the supertlux to them. And show the heavens more just. Edy. [Within.) Fathom and haIr, fathom and half Poor Torn [The Fool runs out from the hovel. Fool, Come not in lJere, nuncle, here's a spirit. Help me. help me Keitt. Give me thy there? ( Fool. A spirit, a spirit: he says his name's poor Tom. Kent. What art thou that dost grumble therd i' the straw? Come forth.
Enter Edgar disguised a9 a…
Enter Edgar disguised a9 a madman. hag, Away the foul fiend follows me!- Through the sharp hawthorn hlows the cold wlnd.- lf'm go to thy cold bed, and Warm thee, Lear. Didst thou eive all to thy two daughters? And art thou come to tJds? Edg. Who gives auything to poor Tom? whom the foul liend hath led through tire and through flime, through ford awl whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire that hath laid knivc3 ullder his pillow, aud halters ill his pew; set ratsbane by llis porridge; made him proud. of heart, to ride 011 a bay trotting-horse over four- inched bridges, to course his own shadow for a traito" Bless thy live wits a-cold,- Oh, do de, do de, do ùe.-Bless thee from whirlwinds, star-blasting, and tlLkiuK! ])0 poor Torn some charity, whom the foul fiend vexes —there could I have hiw lIow,-and there,- and there again, and there. [Storm continues. Lear. What'. have his daughters brought him to this pass ?-CouIdst thou eave nothing? Didst thou give the", all? J'uol, Nay, he reserved a blanket, else we had been all shamed. Lear, Now, all the plagues that in the pendulous air Hang fated o'er men's faults light 011 thy daughters Kent. He hath no daughters, sir. Lear. Death, traitor! nothing could have nature To such a lowness but his unkind Is it the fashion, that discarded fathers Should have thus little mercy 011 their Hesh ? Judicious punishment 'twas this llesh begot) Those pelkan <laughters. Edg. Pillicock sat 011 Pillicocli-hill Halloo, halloo, loo, loo! Foul. This cold night will turn us all to fools and mad. men. Edg. Take heed 0' the foul fiend: obey thy parents keep thy word justly swear not; commit not with man's sworn spouse; set not. thy sweet heart on proud array. Tom's Lwr. What hast thou been ? Edg. A serving-man, proud in heart and mind; thl1.t curled my hair wore gloves in my cap served the vice of my mistress'heart; swore as many oaths as I spake words, and broke them in the sweet face of heaven one that slept In the contriving of sin, and walked to do it, wille loved I deeply, dic, dearly and in woman out- paramoured the Turk false of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand: hog in sloth, fox in stealth, wolf in greedi neS5. dog in madness, lion in prey. Let not the creaking of shoes nor the rustling of silks betray thy poor heart to woman keep thy foot out of taverns, thy hand out of pockets, thy pCII from lenders' books, and defy the foul liend.—Still through the hawthorn blows the cold wind says juum, mun, nonny, Dolphin my boy, my boy, sessa let him trot by. [Storm continues. Lear, Why, thou wert better in thy grave than to answer WIth thy uncovered body this extremity of the skies. Is man no more than this? Consider him well. Thou owest the worIn no silk, the beast 110 hide, the sheep no wool, the C'lt no perfmne,-Ha.! here's three of us 1116 sophisticated !-1'!t<>u art the thing itself: UI1- accommodated man is no 1110re but such a poor, bare, forked annual as tholl art.—Off, off, you lendings!- come, unbutton here. [TearilJ¡;C off his clothes. Fool, Prythee, nuncle, be contented; 'tis It naughty night to swim 111.—How a little fire ilJ a wild field were like an old 9mner 8 beart,-a small spark, all the rest 011 's body cold. Look, here comes a walking tire. Edg, This Is the foul fiend Flibbertigibbet: be begins at (,udew, and walks till the first cock; he gives the web and the pm, 8qUl,llts the eye, and makes the hare-lip mildewlI the white wheat, and hurts the poor creature of earth. Bwitliold footed thrice the old He met the night-mare, and her nine-fold; Did her alight, Aud her troth plight. And, luoint thee, witch, &l"oil1t thee. Kent. How fares your grace ? (To be continued.) Iq &5^M^^VR!IDAER1SON--?UR beautiful cousin '•Ih7.v y Audel-sou, 18 good enough to say of for r « lor tw0 years with the areitest ^^u^onsoao Ver/ ?earsV 8<JV 0^ WoM? 1>re*i'w of 'r;rnet?,ed by Slr Erasmus £ Of Zt l'y every a' W4he T?'"686 °U £ Sur6w« England. ^6t dishuneaf. Beware, however, of imitations, hope to make ten times more If you wint.pL ?uUr 10 substitute them fori NT Pears SoaD insist ou UaTinit it. 2 OFCH^ INSTAAT cure; destroys! It. X Post tree seven stamps. 8*1« -*•1. eev»U.0k«miit, Ysrk-ltuildiau, Cliften, 7222. I THE ups and downs ot a nde across country re- semble the vicissitudes of life both horse and man may be no sooner up thitn down, and so experience teaches hunting men to be prepared against casualties. The majority of Masters of Hounds keep Ellimnn's Royal Embrocation in their stables, finding nothing so good for sprains, strains, cuts, sore backs, &c.; and in their own houses Elliman's Universal Embrocation, to relieve r the stiffness arising from severe exertion, or cure a bruise, cold at the ohest, or rheumatism. 60922 JOTHAM AND SONS' real Welsh ftannelshirts and shirtings, made from the best Welsh yarns, 26 and 27, Bt. Marv-atreet. Cardiff. 2,6(1\ J.
Y BARDD CYMREIG. ------
Y BARDD CYMREIG. TO CORRESPONDENTS. ENGLrSR.Poetry intended for insertion in the Weekly Mail should be addressed to the Editor, at the Carewt offices of the paper; all Welsh compositions to Dewi Wyn 0 Fssyllt, Pontypridd. CORKKSPONDKNTS who wish their unused M8S. re- turned must in all cases enclose stamps for that purpose,
ODDIAR Y MUR,
ODDIAR Y MUR, LLITH V. Er fy mod yn credu y gwna. yr Eglwys oroesi pob ymosodiad a wneir arni 0'1' tuallan 0.'1' tufewn, eto yr wyf yo gwbl argyhoeddedigfod yo ddyled- swydd arbenig 8r bawb o'i chyfeillion i ddyfod allan yn lluoedd o'i phlaid i'r rhyfelgyrch a gy- hoeddir mor groch yn ei herbyu gall udgyrn Cym- deithas y Dadgysylltiad; ac er yn credu mewn amddiffyniad Dwyfol rhaid i ni wneud ein dyledswydd, wneud ein rhan ni, gao gofio bob amser gynghor Oliver Cromwell i'w ganlynwyr, Ymddiriedwch yn Nuw, ond cadweh eich pylar yn syeh." Y mae yr Eglwys wedi bod Y[1 rhy ddystaw, feI pe nil. buasai ganddi ddim i'w ddweyd yn erbyn y cyhuddiadau a ddygir yo ei herbyn. Y mae peidio gwneud sylw 0 ambell ymosodydd yn lladd mwy 8rno na dim rhesymau ellid ddwyn i'w erbyn, ae y mae ignorio ambell glepgwn sydd yn eyfarth yo dragywydd yn dangos, nid yo unig mWy 0 foneddigeiddrwydd 0 du yr hwn yr ymosodir arno. ond hefyd mai efe sydd yo iawn. Ond nid yw yo ddoethineb nae yo ddiogeI bod yo ddystaw bob amser, ae adeg felly ydyw cyfwng presenol yo banes yr Eglwys yo Nghymru. Y mae y Dadgysylltwyr yn myned oddiamgylch gan anog y bobl i beidio pleidleisio dros neb os os bydd yo addaw pleidio Mesur Dadgysylltiad a Dadwaddoliad yr Eglwys yn Nghymru. Dyma fydd SHIBBOLETH Y RADICALTAID yo y lecsiwn nesaf, It. phawb na fede Iipsinn a llyncu a choleddu cwesthvn liÏnystriad yr Eglwys yn Nghymru, y maent i gaeI eu gwrthod fel ym- geiswyr Seneddol, ae ysgymunir pawb a ddy- wedant air yn grocs i hyny 0'1' gwersyll Radical- aidd. Nid symudiad 0 eiddo y bobl ydyw hwn, ond y mae yn resyn meddwl a galarus ydyw dweyd mai gwenidogion yr Efengyl, golygwyr, a pherchenogion papyrau newyddion, ae ychydig gynffonwyr sydd yn ddieit,h1'iad yn mhob cyrny- doglleth yn blaenori yn y peth hwr.I A defnydd- iant bob ystryw i gyrhaedd on hamcan, a gwnant yr haeriadau mwyaf haerllug. Gydag ychydig eithriadau, y pregethwyr mwyaf dinod yn y pwlpud sydd fwyaf eu swn a'u dadwrdd yn nghyfarfodydd y Dadgysylltiad; ac anaml, os byth, y gwelir y gweinidogion hyny sydd yn cyfluwnu en dyledswyddau tuag at eu pobI- Imaml, meddaf, y gwelir gwr Duw" yn eu mysg-, Ac fa ddymunwn yn arbenig ar fy nghydwlad- wyr syIwi yn y misoedd dyfodol ar hyn. Yt. wyf yn eich sicrhau, oa welwch yr uo 0'1' dynion hyny y mae y nefoeùd wedi eu harddel a ben- dithio eu llafur byth yn gwneud ymosodiad ar yr Eglwys. Nid ydwyf vn myned i gyhuddo y gweinidogion hyny sydd byth a hefyd yn ym- yraeth a'r Eglwys 0 esgeuluso eu dyledswyddau gartref, a golygwyr y gwahanol bapyrau a'u perchenogion 0 hunan-Jesiant, er fy mod wedi lam er's llawer dydd wrth eu clywed YO sôn am eu hegwyddorion Rhyddfrydedigol, pan y mae llawer o honynt yn fwy 0 ormeswyr nag y bu caeth- feistri gwaethaf Deheudir America erioed. Cy- merant arnynt urwain y bobl, ond i ba. Ie y maent yn inyned ? I benrhyddid, Illl.drad, ac anffydd- iaeth. Y maent wedi arwain eiD gwlad i fabwysiadau ysgolion di-Feibl a di-Dduvv, ae nid ydynt yn wyntb hyny wedi gwneud yr un ymdrech ychwanegol gyda'i Ysgolion Sabbothol, felmue y canIynind fydd, rhwng y Saesonacg a't. Gymraeg, nil. bydd yr oes sydd yn codiyn doa!l ond y nesaf peth i ddim am athrawiaethau sylfaenol ac hanfodoI crefydd. A't" wythnos ddi- weddaf 011 y 111'1e un 0 weinidogion Ymneillduol Cymru yn un o'r papyrau wythnosol yo dweyd nad ydyw yn credll mewn talu rhent i't. un dyn, a.'i fod yn cydymdeimlo a'r Gwyddelod 0 waelodei galon! A ydyw dynion fel hyo yn ddiogel i ni fyof1d a1' ei hoI-Yll wit., os awn, byddwn yn cael ein hunan ryw ddiwrnodyn greaduriaid rhyfygus, heb ofni Duw na pharchu dyn, ac ni bydd yr un weithred yn rhy ysgeler i ni i'w clivtlawni mwy nag ydynt i'r Gwyddelod yn bresenol! Gwareded y nefoedd oi l'hag y fath sefyltfa, ond i'r fan hon v mae anogaethau ac esiamplau Y1' arweinvvyr Kadicalaidd yn sicr 0 arwain ein gwlad, os gwrandewir arnynt. Ac y mae dyledswydd Eglwyswyr a'll cefnogwyr i ddyfod allan i'w gwrthwynebu yn ddeublyg--i amrldiffyn medd- iannau yr Eglwys, ac i bleidio crefydd bur. Rhaid defnyddio pob gallu cyfreir.hlawn ac anrhydeddus sydd 0 fewn cyrliaedd er addvsgu a goleuo y wlad ar y materion hYIl, Y mae yn liawen eenyf ddeall fod y Wasg liglwysig yn Nghymru yn fwy llewyrchus yn awr nflg y bu erioed, a hod yr unig newyddiadur wythno801, Y Llan, wedi bod inor ffortunus a disgyn i ddwylaw ewmni mar antur- iacthus ag ydyw cylioeddwyr y Wesfem a'r Weekly Mails, yr hyn sydd yn sicrwydd na arbedir na thmul na thrafferth er ei wneud yn wythnosolyn teilwng, a chydag ychydig gyd- woithrediad gellid 61 wneud yo allu teimladwy yn mhob tref u. phentref trwy yr holl Dywvsogaeth. Ond y mae yn rhaid i garedigion yr Eglwys weithio gydag egniad dyfalbarhaol, trwy ei dderbyn, 61 ddwyn I sylw emIli, ac ysgrifenu erthyglau a hanesion dyddorol at ei Wa,sanaeth, Nid,gwiw colu yn hwy y flaith fod yr Eglwys wedi colli rhan fawr 01 dylanwad trwy beidio cynorth- wyo y Wasg Gymreig, a goreu po gyntaf y gWD11 lawn am hyny. Y mile yr achos yn deilwng 0 sylw manwl a buau ae yinyriad uniongyrcliol ar ran holl gytrillion yr Eglwys. Y mae y gelyn wrth y drws, IlC yn seinio ei udgorn er galw ei holl gadluoedd i'r maes i wneud ei ymosodiad ac er y bydd gweinidogion yr efengyl ilC Llnffyddwyr yn mysg yr ymosodwyr, os gwna caredigion yr Eglwys eu dyledswydd, y mae y Duw sydd wedl gofalu am dani trwy yr oesoedd yn sicr 0 ddwyn yr Eghvys allan 0'1' ffwrneisiau poethion hyn yn fwy na clioncwerwr. Arwydd 0 lvvfrdra ydyw bod yn ddystaw ar yr adeg bresenol, ac osgadewir I',L' gelyu ddyfod i mewn lIeb i IIi wneud cynyg er ei atal, byddwn yn euog 0 fradwriaeth-Ïe, nidyn Unig 0 fradychu ein cenedl n. hen Eglwys ein tadau, ond byddwn yn euog 0 anffyddlondeb tuag lit Dduw. Dyna y sefydliad mwyaf cysegredig ae al1wylaf gan y Brenin Mawr ar y ddaear,-ei Eglwys-a gwaredid y nefoedd ni, nid yn unig I'hag ymosod ami, ond 0 fod yn euog 0 ddangos difaterwcli pan fyddo galluoedd dnear ac uffern yn ymosod ami. HEM GYMUO.
llARDDONIAETH.
llARDDONIAETH. NOSON DDIWEDDAF Y FLWYDDYN. Mae'r flwyddyn bron ar be", mae'u wael a phrudd, Ac Amse, creulon gwelw rllud; Fel hen fethedig wraig gwargrYl11>1.'n ddwys, A'i holaf ddydd yw'r ffoll a ddeil ei phwys Mae'u hynod wan, a clirynaar ei thraed, Acaraf sycha ffrydlif boeth ei gwaed! i'regetha pob petit wrthym J IJ deli daw Pod olaf awr y flwyddyn hon gerliaw. Gerllaw fy nh" mae l'haiallr.broch ei lef, Ac nid oes terfyn al" ei barabl ef; Oud neithiwr, tremiodd Duw ur ferw'r llyn. .1' rliaiadr ar amnmtiall drot's 11101' W)'1l A gwyneb Hyehr.vn; rhcwoùd geiriau 'i fin. A buddugoliaeth iloeddiai'r rewllyd hill. Y11 esmwyth, onù cyfiym, disgyna heirdd blyf Vr adar chwim, tarlho;{, ehe:lant yn liyl, I wneuthur gobenydd i'r llwyddyu ro'i i phen Wi th orwedd i farw, a rhoi ei Hamen. Clywch chwi seiniau lleddf y clychau itoddwyd heddyw'11 coed Mae ysbrydion bodau gwynion Heno'n dod Ill" ysgafn-droed Cydgwynfanant., clychau yanant, Ding dong bruddaidd i trw Y'l' nen; Daeth y tertyn, tlwy<.ldYIl. Trenga'n dawel iawn, Amen. Eibraich oliyngodd deyrnw.;alen fawr, A.'i phel1 oliyngodd gorou ddu i lawr; Ond \Velc' 1lwyddJ n r.ewydd—brenin hach Yn dyfod yn ei rwysg â gwyneb iach, .4. cluvyd y deyrnwialen haiarn drum, A goron gynnwys ddrain a siom. Ren flwyddyn grcnlon iawn i Illi fu r IIdl; Bienines iJleidgar oedd a haner dall; Pan welai rywun Ill" v llawr yn dlawd, Ael-wgai U1"UO'U llawn 0 ysbryd ¡{wawd, Ac av ei wddf y rhoddai '1 bairn droed. A pJlOcmi'1I ngwyneb ballan diW1"ItOd oed Ond pan y gwelai UIl S. chyfoeth mawr, wylaidd iddo hyd y llawr, Ac fel y dyfroedd 011 i'r nior Y treiglai hidltlU gyfoeth idù ei 8tor; OUd IIi acliwynaf llIae ewyIiy" Duw Yn llawn tl'l1g-areùd-yr wyf eto'n fy W; 0' brenin byclimi, 1\cwydd; beth 1\ dÙ¡lw-- Hebiaw ystormydd, tynydd teg, a gwlaw ? Y mae'r (I yfudol yn ei law fel d"yell, Ac ynddo gwelir pethau KW:tclll gwych Ojid cuddir gwyneb glán y drych Ii nude), .A't" holl ddytodol sydd gau Dduw yn ngudd Ond rhuthra pob dirgehvcli YII ei dro I wyuel) ùyn pan egyr DlIw y clo. l'rlldd yw'm calon, mae yr afon In gyuhyifus iawn ei lltôn, Bhua'n iirw, ininau'11 manv Gyda flwyddyn hon Duw fy nhadaii, lladd ty" (ofnau; Maddeu feiau mawr ff oes: Dactli maddeuiint, i og- niant Af tvwy rinwedd gwaed y groes. THAHMI73.
THE ICEBERG.
THE ICEBERG. O'er rocks. seas, islands, promontories spread. The ice bliuk rears its undulated head; Un which the sun, beyond tho horizon shrined, Hath left his richest g irnlture behind Piled on 1\ hundred arches, ridge by ridge, O'er (ix'd and fluid strides tile Alpine bridge, Whose blocks of sapphire seem to mortal eye Hewn from cerulean quarrle. of tKe sky; With glacier battlements, that crowd the spheres, The slow creatiun of six thollS8.lId years, Amidst immensity in towers sublime, Winter's eternal palace built by Time, All human structures by his tpuch are borne Down to the dust; mountains themselves lire worn With his light footstep here for ever grows, Amid the region ot unmeiting snows, Å monument; where every flake that falls GiVtJlIlldamantille 1irlllllcss 10 the walls. The SUn beholds no mirror of his mce, That shows a brighter image of his face. The stars, in their uocturnal vigils, rest Like signal fires 011 its illumined crest; The gliding moon around the ramparts wheels, And all its magic lights and shades reveals; Beneath, the tide with idle fury raves '1'0 undermine it through a thousand caves, Rent from its roof, though thundering fragments oft Plunge to the gulf, immewalJle aloft From age to age in air O'l:t. sea and land Its turrets heighten, and its piers expand. SXON.
[No title]
NOTE! PANCAKE DAY IS FEBRUARY 17TH.— How TO Makk PANCAKES.—If palJcakes are to he 1\9 delicious and tastefullls they ought to be, the following ingredients mllst be used ;-To half n. pound of flour, 8easolled with a little salt, add Two Teaspoonfuls of Borwick's Baking Powder. Mix these in a dried state, allli add an egg beaten up with J pint of milk. Fry at once. 1Vith butter or lard. ;N,U,Be sure you ask for, and have, Borwick's Bakiug Powdai; 7986c I
CURRENT AGRICULTURAL TOPICS.
CURRENT AGRICULTURAL TOPICS. [BT "AGRICOLA" OF THE "FIELD."] The agricultural produce statistics just published by Government give the result of the returns collected at the end of last year of the actual yieldings of the corn crops, and are most impor- tant, as they give an opportunity of ascertaining how far the estimates made last summer are correct. This is the first time there has been a winter collection of statistics, but these supplementary returns are to be continued in future, and made even more perfect. The most singular feature in the present summary of results is the very close approximation of the average yield of wheat last summer to what was estimated by the agricultural journals before harvest. The total produce of Great Britain in 1884 was 80,215,000 bushels of wheat, or an average of 29 96 bushels per acre, and it will be fresh in remembrance that every one of the journals giving estimates before harvest on the faith of informa- tion supplied by their correspondents pre- conceived the yield likely to be either slightly above or a little under 30 bushels per acre. Then, again, as to what may be considered to be an average yield of wheat generally. Evidence has been taken to establish that point also in the present issue of statistics, and it is shown to be very closely in harmony with preconceptions on the subject, which varied from about 27 to 29 bushels per acre, and it turns out that the general average for the decennial period is about 28 £ bushels, or, to quote more accurately, 1'19 below the wheat average of last year. There is, however, a very great falling off in gross production owing to the diminished acreage, which amounted to no less than 380,700 acres, compared with the average of the previous ten years, causing a decrease in bushels of 7,756,000, or 9 per cent. The yield of barley last year is set down at 73,912.000 bushels, or 34'08 bushels per acre, very slightly over the normal average for the decennial period, which amounts to 34-02 bushels. The falling off in gross produce, owing to a less acreage being sown, was 11 per cent., thus being far greater than in the case of wheat. The diminished acreage was 380,700 acres, and the decreased yield 8 889,000 bushels. However, in dealing with these figures it must be borne in mind that the seeding season for last year's wheat crop was much more favourable than that for the barley crop, and it is very well known that a good or bad seed season determines materially the dimensions of the crop put in. At the last meeting of the Newcastle Farmers' Club a paper was read by Mr. Hubert J. Little, Professor of Agriculture at the Royal Cirencester College, which had the singular title, How far is high farming compatible with dear labour and cheap produce ?" According to the discussion, as reported in the newspapers, Mr. Little, although affording some interesting information on the good and ill results of certain excessive outlays, failed to solve the knotty problem to general satisfac- tion, one shrewd Northumbrian remarking that he expected to have been informed how to make farming pay, but all that he had been told was that it would be riskfnl to lay out too much money in the present state of affairs. What is the correct signification of the term "high farming"? As agriculturists have always more or less disagreed on the point, a true definition of the term seems needful ere any satisfactory answer can be given to Mr. Little's question. Invidious comparisons are sometimes drawn between high farming and good. The dif- ference, if any exists, must be owing to injudicious, extravagant outlay characterising the former, and the latter is supposed to be the outcome of judi- cious and rational management, both in outlay and administration. Me. Little brought forward some evidence showing instances in which admi- rable results, as regards increase of produce, have followed heavy outlays without securing adequate remunerative results, which affords probably the clue to his meaning when he tells farmers to bo cautious in making heavy outlay when labour is dear and the price of produce low. But another Northumbrian who joined in the discussion said that if high farming did not pay he felt sure low farming would not bo found profitable, and here he fairly hit the bull's eye, for who is to know where to draw the limit as to how far enterprise or extraordinary outlay in the endeavour to increase the produce of the soil is likely to be remunerative ? The true answer to the question as propounded by Mr. Little must always depend very much on circumstances. Dearness of labour would not always prove an obstacle against high farming, for in carrying out the system of co-operative farming instituted by Mr. Bolton King in Warwickshire the labourers arc virtually their own masters, and while the actual rate of the wage in the district has not the slightest influence in determining the re- munerative character of results, on the .other hand, the heavier the outlay in manuring, raising more roots and green crops in stock breeding, meat making and general husbandry would, in con- junction with a more than usual preponde- rance of manual labour, bo sure to pay best. Then again, Mr. Little was told by one speaker that a Northumbrian labourer does about twice as much work as many of the Southern and West of Eng- land men, consequently the Northern farmer can afford to give more wages, and the rate of pay is thus not always a correct indication of the dear- ness or cheapness of the labour performed. Then, as regards cheap produce, if every agricul- tural product were low, no doubt the less outlay madejthe better. Hitherto the prices of meat have kept up, although those of corn have been ruinously low. Prices of meat are not so high as they were, and if these should decline much below their present standard the situation would be far worse than it is now. Hitherto farmers with sufficient capital have been able to turn to stnek-keeping when corn-growing has proved un- remunerative, and to carry out this object high farming has been much the best, not only being far superior to low, but even to moderate,* manage- ment. From this it will bo seen that the entire subject bristles with difficulties at every point. Suffolk farmers were induced to take up with a new enterprise last year, that of sugar-beet cultivation. The promoters of the! revival cf the Lavenham Sugar Manufactory offered them jEl per ton for all the roots they chose to grow, and a great many did fairly well by it, as they were enabled to realise about twelve tons per acre, and some as many an fifteen tons. Meantime the great fall which his taken place in sugar, no less than wheat, will pre- vent the sugar manufacturers from offering so high a price for roots in the coming season. Sixteen shillings a ton is mentioned as a minimum price, but it is desired by tho manufacturers to maketije price dependent on tho percentage of sugar contained in the roots, and it is said that those who are careful in not growing the plants too wide apart, and not employing farmyard dung direct for the crop, can obtain best results. Pro- fessor Church's report on the Suffolk beet root crops of last season is being circulated, and con- tains much information for intending culti- vators. We must have the factories first, however, before the farmers in other parts of the kingdom can take up with the enterprise. Mr. John Wilson has the merit of having dis- covered something new on sowing land down to grass. He finds that the system by which he can get his seeds most forward and luxuriant is that of sowing them with tares or with a mixed crop of oats and Konigsberg tares, the seed being mixed in the proportion of two bushels of the one and the same quantity of the other. The crop of oats and vetches is mown for hay at the latter part of July just when the former are shooting into ear, yield- ing not only heavy produce, but hay of excellent quality. If many had such a crop they would make it more valuable for ensilage, but utilised eith;;r way it would make no dilierenca to the seeds.
AGRICULTURAL NOTES.
AGRICULTURAL NOTES. A No-RENT CRY IN SCOTLAND. The tenants of various estates in Scotland are applying to their landlords for reduction of rent, says the 3Iark Lane Express, and in one case the No-rent" cry has been raised. The tenants of the Earl of Kiutore, having received an unfavourable reply to their petition for reduction of rents, met on Tuesday last and had a long discussion on the subject. Great dissatis- faction was expressed at the reply of the earl, and it waS agreed that, although the rent now due should be paid, they should support each other in refusing to pay any future rent until a reduction had been made. Such a decision is likely to do more harm than good to the tenants. If they cannot induce their landlord to reduce their rents, it would be better to join the Scottish Farmers' Alliance in asking Parliament to release them from contracts which will inevitably ruin them. They will be in the wrong to refuse to pay their rents as long as they are legally liable. CATTLE POISONED BY HKMLOCK ROOTS. We learn, says a contemporary, that Mr. William Blackwell, farmer, of Pontemon Farm, Northop, having found four valuable milch cows lying dead in his field, and a fifth in a dyjnø. 8t.atl\AAnt for Mr. Williams, veterinary surgeon, Caerwys, who. on making an examination, discovered "that they had been poisoned by eating hemlock roots." Poisoning by hemlock roots is an old and familiar story which; seems to require con- stant explanation. The roots of hemlock (Conium maculatum) are rarely exposed by ordinary acta of husbandry, and, therefore, cattle can only by the merest chance get at them; not only so, bat the pungent odour of this plant is such that no animal—with the rare exception of a rabbit in a coop with no other food-will ever touch it in a mature state. The plant referred to is, doubtless, the "water hemlock" or "cowbane" (Cicuta virosa), a poisonous umbelliferous plant growing in ditches and about the margins of rivers and streams, abundant in some localities, but not very generally distributed. Cattle will very rarely touch the foliage of this plant, but when the ditches and watercourses in which it exists are cleaned out the fleshy roots, when dry—or partially dry from exposure—become attractive to them, with many fatal results within our own knowledge. Wherever this plant grows especial care should be taken to keep cattle away from the ditch-cleanings until they have been put out of their reach, otherwise accidents of the kind referred to above are very likely to occur. A RAILWAY RATES QUESTION IN AMERICA. With reference to the recently-increased rates for dressed meat on the United States railways to which we have called attention from time to time, the Texas Live Stock Journal says:—" Shippers of live stock are kicking vigorously at this, and say that they are discriminated against, as the difference in rate between live stock and the dressed beef in the refrigerator car is unequal. The dressed beef shippers have the inside trade and can fast discount the live stock shipper right along. Petitions have been got up protesting against the present rate. Shippers say they want fair play, and they expoct Com- missioner Fink to re-open the case; They will prove to the Commission, or his arbitrator—in this case Judge Cooley—that 40 cents on the lOOlbs. on live cattle, and 70 cents on the lOOlbs. on dressed beef is entirely one-sided, and if this rate is to continue that they will be ruled out of the market entirely. It seems that the old mode of shipping cattle on the hoof is played out, and will be a thing of the past in short order. Petitions and remonstrances will not amount to much. Dressed beef sells well in the Eastern market. This is an important point."
GARDENING NOTES.
GARDENING NOTES. Ivr ON WALLS. A correspondent writes:—I have frequently heard opinions expressed that ivy is a bad cover- ing for walls, and that it causes dampness; but I can say from long experience that if I had a damp wall to deal with I should not hesitate to plant ivy as a corrective, and to walls of a perishable nature, such as soft red bricks or sandstone, or any un- sightly wall, it is a decided improvement to cover them with ivy. For some years I have had much ivy to manage, which enables me to speak with some authority. If not kept in bounds it will soon prove destructive to the roofs of buildings. It must not be allowed to go farther than the space it is intended to cover, nor allowed to enter the roofs of any buildings, no matter what the materials may be. The way we manage our ivy is to clip it close in annually in March. Before the young growth begins it is of great importance that it should be cut three ,or four inches below the roof or eaves, and the only care that is required during the re- maining part of the year is to look occasionally around the tops of the walls to see that no young shoots are stealing a march on forbidden ground. After the ivy is clipped we brush it well down with a half-worn besom to remove dust and any dead leaves. I may add that many of our cottages are of a rustic character, thatched with reeds and other materials, in which sparrows build; but here they are in a great measure defeated, as we use sparrow-proof wire netting on the ridges, gables, and eaves, and owing to the ivy being so closely cut we seldom find a sparrow's nest in it. Neither is it a harbour for vermin, as some people imagine, when it is kept in the way described.^ There are," says a writer in the Garden. Work, many varieties of ivy grown, but for general purposes we do not find any hotter than the Irish ivy. Newly-planted ivy for covering walls, palings, or wirework will require a litti assistance in training until the allotted space ia covered. Most nurserymen supply ivy specially grown in pots, which can be removed and planted without any risk of failure at almost any time of the year. If the weather should be dry or hot at the time of planting, occasional waterings will bo necessary until the plants are established." SOIL FOU fRUIT TREES. Apples, pears, plums, and cherries will grow in any fairly productive soil, but they thrive best where the staple is a good, well-drained, friable loam. But the average garden is often either too clayey or too sandy to do justice to the trees planted in them. How are fruit trees to be grown to advantage in such positions? Special sites or stations'' must be provided, and they may be made in the following manner:—Having fixed on the spots where the trees are to be planted, mark out for each a space not less than four feet every way. Dig out the soil to the depth of 30 inches. In the bottom of each hole place a layer, nino inches deep, of brick-ends, large stones, clinkers from furnaces, or any other available materials. Cover this substratum with a thin layer of coarse ashes. On this put six inches of the best soil obtainable the more turfy matter it contains the better. Stations thus prepared will cost a little in labour and materials, but the after results will re- pay the outlay. If the soil thrown out of the holes be such as will grow really good vegetables nothing need be added to it. Should it, however, be poor light sandy stuff, requiring the addition of much manure to produce good crops, then it will be necessary to mix with it one-third its bulk of marl, or, failing that, good turfy soil may bit sub- stituted. In stiff clay land a sufficient quantity of road scrapings or lime rubbish must, bu added to render the bulk fairly porous and less adhesive. In no case should fresh raw manure bo placed in the ground just before planting is done but well rotted dung may bo added in naturally poor soils. Where really good turfy soil is obtainable in sufficient quantity it will render the admixture of manure unnecessary. This preparatory work should be done a month or so before planting time, and the soil thrown out of the holes left rough to sweeten by exposure to atmospheric iniluences. CROCUS CULTUAIT. As soon as the bulbs are obtained they should be planted, and perhaps the readiest way is to open a drill with a hoe, or light spade, to the re- quired depth, and then pop in the bulbs regularly I cover over, and all is done that is necessary for the best of crocuses. In clumps along the mixed border they are also very effective. For in-door culture they should be potted atintorvals; first, as soon as the-bulbs are ready, again early in October, and, if a long succession is required, later still; and as they are only effective in masses a 4-in. pot should contain five large bulbs, or seven smaller ones, and so on with other sized pots in proportion. In forcing, tho extra heat must be applied very gradually, and scarcely ever abovu 50 deg. to 60 dcg.; and before being submitted to any risa tha pots must not only be full of roots but the llowor-buds appearing, and as soon as tending to tho oponing the pots must be removed to a cool greenhouse or window.
THE NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF WALES.*
THE NATIONAL MAGAZINE OF WALES.* The Bed Dragon for February is the best six- penny we have this month seen. Very few indeed are the monthlies yet issued that are any- thing nearly so good, certainly none of them at all approach the National Magazine in interest per- taining to Welsh things and Welshmen. To begin with, the articles are one and all of a very high standard of literary excel- lence. Taking them in the ordor of succession, we find the Rev. Robert Shindler, of Addlestone, Surrey, leading off with a life of Thomas Olivers, the hymnologist, a notable Welshman, all too little known in the land of his birth. Olivers was associated with Wesley and Whitefield in the great work of religious revival in Wales and the West of Jingland during the middle of tho last century. Although tho writer ot many very beau- tiful hymns in use with the Connexion to this day, it is denied in this sketch that the famous one beginning "Lo! He comes with clouds des- cending" was of his composing, notwith- standing the fact that it has boen for years and is still attributed to him. Mr. Shindler, amongst other remarks, makes one or two concerning the Stlvation Army movement, which we hardly think General Booth or his subordinates will much like. An excellent copy of a very scarce portrait of Olivers forms the frontispiece of the number. In Original Poetry" the magazine is now, as it has been for months past, exceptionally strong. The verses "AmoHg the Hills of Wales," by J. II. D. (Essex); "A Lost Argosy," by Irvonwy (Neath) The New Love and the True," by "Jahash" (Cardiff); and "A Mistake," by Mr. Richard Free, M. A. (London), are full, not only of melody, but of movement and life. "A Love Song," by Mr. F. Cooper (London), is an admirable imitation of old world work. Finally, the Baroness Swift, from her (Wlol have no doubt) pretty little villa, The Casa Swift," at La Mira in Italy, sends soma graceful lines entitled An Anniversary," and a faithful rendering of The Fairies' Orison" from the German of Sturm. The anonymously contributed story, A Midnight Mystery," displays real power of the weird kind made familiar to us by Poe and Lø Fanu, its sub- ject being an unholy experiment undertaken by a student in medicine for the purpose of pro- longing life. Esthetics and the Æsthetic Move- ment is a bright little paper, of which the nature is sufficiently indicated by the name. This is followed by "Kidwelly and its Environs," from the pen of a Llanelly gentleman, who appears to have a full knowledge of his subject, which he has managed to present to us in a thoroughly readable and interesting form. From San Antonio to the Sabinas" is a pleasantly-written record of travel in Western Texas and Northern Mexico, of which the writer is Mr. Irvonwy Jones (Neath). Tho second of Quilibet's (Teuby) Old Tales from West Wales," entitled The Curse of Quean Zipporah," is really a very admirable thing of its kind, it being a blend of history, archaeology, and story telling, which is sure to hit off almost every taste. How he was Ploughed" at his" First Exam." is told with admirable humour and point by an old Cantab, who writes from Bridgend over the signature G. B. H." The rest of the magazine is made up of excellently-selected." Literary and Art Notessome Notes and Queries," containing an invaluable mine of historical and other informa- tion and "Welsh Rare Bits," wherein the odds and ends of a well-stored editorial scrap-book are turned to marvellously good account. Altogether the number is an admirable one.
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The Red Dragon, the National Magazine of Wales. Sixpence monthly. Cardiff: Daniel Owen and Co. London: Kent and Co., Paternoster-row.
MR. RICHARD GN CHURCH HISTORY
MR. RICHARD GN CHURCH HISTORY [Br CLERrcus/J llL It has undoubtedly been a great misfortune for the Church in Wales' to have been governed for a lengthened period by bishops ignorant of the Welsh language y but when Mr. H. Richard asserts that the Church has been thereby denationalised, I ask him at whose instigation, or under what influence, has the change from English to Welsh bishops in recent times been effected? Un- doubtedly it has been through the intensely national feeling of the clergy and laity of the Church herself. The movement has come, not from without, but from within, and unless Mr. Richard is prepared to assert that the bishops constitute the Church, and that the body of the clergy and the laity have nothing to do with it, there is no pretence for the assertion that the Church has been dena- tionalised. So far from this, if I were called upon for evidence of the existence of a national spirit in Wales, I should undoubtedly adduce the Church for the purpose. Possibly, however, Mr. Richard's meaning is that the English Government intended to denationalise it, and, though the intention has failed, the Church equally deserves punishment. In other words, England having done the wrong, the Welsh Church is to be the scapegoat. I am putting the matter from his point of view: his accusation with regard to modern times is that "at the Revolution the English Governmentreverted to the old policy of attempting to extinguish the Welsh language and nationality by appointing only English bishops to Welsh sees," and, there- fore, the Church is to be disestablished. The grave conclusion at which he arrives hangs on a very slender thread of evidence. If I might hazard a guess, it would be to the effect that Mr. Richard has not taken the trouble to inform himself of the most elementary facts in the past history of the Church. lie speaks of a marked change having taken place at tho era of the Revolution. No change took place then. The three bishops ap- pointed in the reign of William III. were all Welshmen, namely, Humphreys, Evans, and Edward Jones. William III. left the episcopate just as he found it, with two Welsh bishops in North Wales and two English ones in South Wales. The first appoint- ment made by George I. was also that of a Welsh- man, namely Wynne, of St. Asaph. The change of date from William III.'s reign to George I.'s may appear of trifling importance; but to those who wish to investigate tho subject in an impartial spirit it is of very great importance, inasmuch as the later date coincides with that of a marked change in the management of the episcopate throughout the kingdom. The year 1714 (says Dean Miluian, in allusion to the promotion of Bishop Robinson to the see of London) witnessed" a return to the old practice of rewarding services to the State by high ecclesiastical dignity.' This change involved several subordinate changes. The Prime Minister took the place of the Arch- bishop as the adviser of the Crown in the appoint- ment of bishops; the system of promotion in- volved a constant shifting of bishops from one diocese to another; the special circumstances of individual diocesos were consequently not taken into account, and the bishops were selected without any regard to their suitability for their posts. Wales participated in the effects of these changes. Her bishops accepted promotion—Evans vacated Bansior for Meath, Wynne St. Asaph for Bath and Wells. In this they wero but following the example of other Welsh bishops—Humphreys, who had gone to Hereford Lloyd, of St. Asaph, to Worcester; Lloyd, of Llandaff, to Peterborough; and Thomas, of St. David's, to Worcester. But. the promotion of Welsh bishops to English sees was fatal to the continuance of a Welsh episco- pate, inasmuch as it was hardly to be supposed that tho vacancies thus created were invariably to be filled with Welshmen. No one nowadays approves of the Hanoverian system, but it origi- nated in general and not in local considerations: it was connected with the rise of the great, Parlia- mentary parties and it is in itself quite sufficient to account for the change that occurred in North Wales without assuming any motive of hostility for the existence of which no cause can be assigned and no evidence can bo produced. All these points have necessarily escaped Mr. Richard's notice, in- asmuch as he was not aware of the date when the change took place. There is another point of vital importance, in respect to which he certainly misleads his readers, oven if he was not himseif ignorant of it. When he talks of "reverting to the old policy," he con- veys the impression that a marked change took place throughout Wales at this time: but, in point of fact, the chango was hardly perceptible in South Wales, and even in North Wales was strongly marked only at Bangor. The large diocese of St. David's, comprising five out. of the six counties of South Wales, never enjoyed a continuous Welsh episcopate: from the accession of Elizabeth to that of George I. only three Welshmon held tho see, namely, Richard Davies, Middleton, whose claim to bo a Welshman o waed coch is open to question, and Thomas, who, though of Welsh family. was born at Bristol. At Llandaff the bishops were equally divided between English and Welsh in point of number; but the English had largely the advantage in length of tenure. What. is Mr. Richard's explana- tion of this? Does ho suppose that the Govern- ment had one policy for North Wales and n dia- metrically opposite one for South Wales? Does he accuse Queen Elizabeth and Archbishop Whitgift, the latter of whom so generously assisted Morgan in publishing the Welsh Bible, of having designs on Welsh nationality and the Welsh language because they sent English bishops to St. David's and Llandalf ? There is another and more simple explanation of the difference in tho treatment of the two divisions, and it is as follows:— All the Welsh sees were lamentably poor when Elizabeth came to the throno; but while therein North Wales were subsidised out of the resources of the two dioceses themselves, thosa in South Wales were subsidised out of English resources, such as parochial benefices, do aneries, and some times private incomes. And thus North Wales, having its sees permanently augmented with Welsh funds, could afford to have Welsh bishops, while South Wales, dependent ou external aid, was obliged to accept bishops who were already pro- vided with other posts in England. I am describ- j ing a state of things which survived within the remombrance of many persons now living. Bishop Coplestone was also Dean of St. Paul's, and Bishop Jenkinson held a valuable prebend at Durham and it was universally understood 50 years ago that this conjunction of offices was made in the interests of the Welsh sees, which were deemed to have inadequate incomcs. The same arrangement had held cood for the immediate predecessors of these bishops, Sumner and Van; Mildert at Llandaff, and Burgess at St. David's. At an early period the Deanery of Hereford was associated with Llandaff during three successive incumbencies in short, there is hardly a single case in which the presence of an English bishop in these sees cannot be accounted for on financial considerations. It i.. not necessary for me to express any opinion pro or con. as to the wisdom of these arrangements: as matters have turned out, it might, perhaps, have been better if the sees had been allowed to struggle on as they best could without Qxtraneous aid. But when Mr. Hichard represents the Church as an instrument of oppres- sion to \yales, aud callg for its disestablishment in consequence, it is for him to explain away the facts 1 have adduced. Unless he can do so, lIe is demanding the condemnation of the Church on a degree of avidence which would not be received against a common tramp. There are various other counts in Mr. Richard's indictment on which 1 should like to comment, particularly his wholesale charges of corruption and neglect during the last three centuries. But I must bring these criticisms to a close, with the observation that in his recent unworthy attempt to make the Church in Wales to stink in the nostrils alike of Englishmen and Welshmen he shows that he either distrusts the efficacy of Liberation principles, pure an(1 simple, to effcct his object, or that he desires to make disestablishment disymctful, as woll as prejudicial, to her. If Mr. Richard cannot afford to be generous, he ought, at all events, to be scrupulously just; and knowing, as he well does, the strength of the prejudice to which be appeals when he denounces the Church as herself unnational and the instrument of oppres- sion to Wales for tho last thousand years, we may fairly call upon him to give us an instalment of justice by either making good his accusations, or, if he cannot do that, by withdrawing them.
j DEATH OF LORD O'HAGAN,
DEATH OF LORD O'HAGAN, The Central News regrets to state that Lord O'Hagan, who had been suffering for some days, died at his residence, Hereford House, London, at a quarter to four on Sunday afternoon. The Right Hon. Thomas O'Hr.gan, K.P.. born at Dublin, in 1810, was educated at the Institution, Belfast, and was called to the Irish Bar in 1836. He held for several years the post of assistant barrister for the county of Longford, was appointed Solici- tor-General for Ireland under Lord Palmerston's second Administration in 1860, and to the (Irish) Attorney-Generalship in 1861, and was sworn a member of the Privy Council in January, 1865, when he was appointed a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland. He was member for Tralee from May, 1863, till his elevation to the bench, and supported tho Liberal party. On Mr. Gladstone taking the reins of power in December, 1868. Mr. Justice O'Hagan was made Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, being the first Roman Catholic elevated to that dignity in modern times; and in June, 1870, lie was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron O'Hagan. He remained in office until the resignation of Mr. Gladstone's Cabinet in February. 1874. In October, 1878, he was nomi- nated one of the Commissioners who were intrusted with tho duty of giving effect to the Act relating to Intermediate Education in Ireland. On the re- turn of the Liberals to power in May, 1880, he was again appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and he held that office till November, 1881, being on hie retirement created a Knight or the Order of St" Patrick. He has been twice married-first. in 1836, to Mary, daughter of the late Mr. Charles Hamilton Teeling, of Belfast; and secondly, in 1871, to Alice Mary, youngest daughter of tbe late Colonel Charles Towneley, of Towneley, Lanca- shire. ——————
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PAHBY AND ROCKE'S IVelsh Yarns are the itst. 7905e
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH…
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES. OPENING OF THE NEW CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL LABORATORIES. On Monday the ceremony of opening a new wing, if it may be so termed, of the University College of North Wales, which has its habitation at Bangor, was accomplished under the most gratifying conditions. The weather was not so genial as it might have been, but this did not deter a large party of the elite of the neighbourhood from being present on the occasion, and entering into the proceedings with enjoyable zest. To be sure, there was great attraction beyond the interest which anything and everything awakens in a new institution which, if we may rely upon the pre- dictions of those who should know, has such a glorious future before it, and will, as time goes forward, be looked up to by many and many a Welsh scholar as his revered alma mater. By a lucky chance, or by the over-persuasion of some iormerpupilswhoarenowactingasprofessorsatthe College at Bangor, Sir Wm. Thomson, the eminent scientist, whose name is familiar in the mouths of all who have aspirations in scientific directions as household words," was prevailed upon to deliver the inaugural address, an office which he, a Scotch- man as to nationality, fulfilled to the satisfaction of his Welsh friends and admirers. It is now perhaps time to say that the new chemical and physical laboratories are constructed upon the most approved principles, and will provide amplo accommodation for many more students than as yet till the college-halls and class-rooms. The lecture theatres liavo been so arranged that by a simple contrivance and a small amount of trouble both tlie physical and chemical departments can bo thrown into one. This affords the means of providing accommodation for about 450 listeners, and we shall be surprised if the authorities of the College do not avail themselves of the admirably-arranged structure for other than strictly collegiate purposes. Nothing could be more perfect than the design, and the class- rooms and offices attached are equal, we are sure, to all the demands that may be made upon them. When the president commenced his inaugural addressthe theatre was filled to overflowing. Among so many notabilities of North Wales, it would be invidious to attempt to give a list of the ladies and gentlemen present, and we must. content ourselves by mentioning only the names of the represen- tative guests. They were-Silo William and Lady Thomson, Mr. H. Davies, M.P. (Lord-Lieutenant of Anglesey), Mr. W. Rathbone, M.P., Colonel the Hon. W. E. Sackville-West. Captain E. H. Verney, R.N., Principal Heichel, the Very Rev. tho Dean of Bangor, the Rev. D. Houghton, Dublin University; Professor Barrett, Dublin University; and Dr. Humpidge, of Aberystwith College. The Mayor of Bangor, in scarlet robes and his chain of office, together with the aldermen and councillors, wearing their blue robes and chains, filed into the building just, previously to the commencement of the proceedings, and they were followed by the professorial staff of the College in academic costume. The Lord-Lieutenant, in a few well-chosen words, proposed that Sir William Thomson should take the chair, and he did so amid the plaudits, cordial and demonstrative, of those present. Then the Mayor of Bangor rose and asked permission to present an official address to the distinguished visitor. This was at once accorded, and the Town-Clerk proceeded to read the document, which set forth in appropriate terms the great work which had been accomplished by Sir William in the cause of science. Sir WILLIAM THOMSON returned thanks, and then proceeded with his inaugural address, which he delivered without, notes. He traced the history of physical science teaching from its origin, by Frederick II. of Sicily in, 1200, to the time when the subject was taken up, more than fifty years ago, by the University of Glasgow, which had the honour of being the pioneer of these science classes. Sir William spoke of his labours in con- nection with that University and those of his predecessors, especially the eminent Professor Thomas Thomson,whose worth had lived after him. Tho latter was, he said, the founder of chemical laboratories, which were now common throughout tho civilised world. At one time there was no provision for students except the old text books; but now ample means were provided for experi- mental investigation. Sir William explained the origin of the physical laboratory at the University of Glhsgow, saying that he had occasion to make investigations which could only be answered by experiments. He gave some of the work to the students, but many more desired to assist, and he had to cast about him for some means of making work. This led to the adoption of laboratory work, and the results were simply surprising. He spoke of the value of patience and perseverance, which were almost alwayssure to result in some interesting dis- covery, and referred to the pleasure it atJonied him in getting the exact measurement, or WRight of a given object to the many thousandth part of an inch or an ounce. He said the great enjoy- ments derived from getting through problems of physical science were due in part to the difficul- ties which beset the inquiry. He dwelt on the useful sphere which was before the Colleges of the Principality, and made a playful allusion to the fact that it was mentioned by a bard that there was a College at Bangor 1,200 years ago which had 2,100 students on its muster-roll. He urged the necessity of forming the Colleges of Wales into a University, and advised the professors to treat their students as if they were co-workers in the acquirement of knowledge. The examination should bo day by day, and not at stated times, the object of a University being teaching, not testing. Colonel the Hon. SACKVILLK-WEST proposed a vote of thanks to Sir William Thomson, which was seconded by Professor GREY. and carried by acclamation. Sir WILLIAM having responded, Professor Reichel, in lively and appropriate terms, proposed "Tho Visitors," to which Pro- fessors Houghton, Barrett, and Humpidge replied. Other toasts followed. In tho evening there was an enjoyable conver- sazione in the new laboratories. There was plenty of vosal and instrumental music, and the pro- fessors delighted tho numerous visitors by giving interesting experiments in chemical science. Re- freshments were provided, and not the least enjoy- able of the evening's pleasures was the perambula- tion of the spacious apartments, class-rooms, lecture-rooms, &.c.
SOUTH WALES UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
SOUTH WALES UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. A meeting of tho Council of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire was held on Monday. The Doan of Llandaff presided, and there were also present the Principal, the Rev. N. Thomas, the Rev. A. Tilly, Professor I'owel,and Messrs. Alfred Thomas, Lascelles Carr, J. Duncun, and F. S. Johnstone. A letter was read from tho Education Depart- ment placing the College on tho same footing as Owens College, Manchester, with regard to the Special arrangements for the instruction of science teachers. The College was also accepted as an institution at wlTich persons to whom local exhibitions haù been granted may pursue their studies. A hearty vote of thanks was passed to the department. The best thanks of the council were also given to his Honour Judge B. T. Williams for his gene- rous gift of books. There was no other business before the council. On Monday morning a ùeputation from the council of tho College met the Newport Governors at t.he Council Chamber, Col. Lyne (the mayor) in the chair. A statement of accounts was presented. Of the £30,000 subscribed, only JE225 (including JE100 from Lord Tredegar) had been received from Newport. It was calculated that from £1,600 to £2,000 a year increase would be required to pro- vide additional scholarships and a chair of engi- neering, and the council appealed to Newport to help this work. The Mayor thanked the deputa- tion, and said ho would consult his friends as to what could be done in the matter.
THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF…
THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. Mr. Arthur Milman, the Registrar of the Uni- versity ot London, has intimated to the authorities at Cardiff that the following students of the College h:1vc passed the matriculation examina- tion :—Mr. L. C. Thomas, Mr. John Hughes, Mr. William Price, Mr. Percy Bright, and Mr. H. M. Richards. Mr. Thomas is the son of Mr. Thomas Thomas, iron monger. 10, Court,]and-tetT¡1Ce, Merthyr Tydfil, and an old pupil of the Taunton Wosleyan School. Mr. John liughes is the son of Mr. John Hughes, farmer, Glyngorse, Rhosybwl, Anglesey, and a pupil of the Menai Bridge Gram- mar School. Mr.William Price comes from Beaufort, is the son of Mr. Joseph Price, and has spent some time at the Aberystwith University College. Mr. Percy Bright is an old pupil of the Albion House Academy, Cardiff, and the son of Mr. Charles Bright, surgeon dentist, Via Assarotti, Genoa. It is interesting to note that Mr. II, M. Richard is an evening stuùent of the College, who, in the day- ltme, is engaged as a commercial clerk.
THE L.L.D. EXAMINATION AND…
THE L.L.D. EXAMINATION AND TITLE FOR WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ST- AN DREWS. M. Paul B-trbicr, French Professor at the Univer- sity College lor South Wales and Monmouthshire, writes :—Your readers might like to know that, the uthorities of the University of St, Andrews are willing to make Cardiff a centre for holding the Examination for the L.L.A. degree. Professor Knight writes to me .—"I shall be glad to make a beginning in South Wales by establisoing a centre at Cardiff if half a dozen candidates come forward and select Cardiff as their centre." I shall be pleased to receive the names ol candioates for this examination aud communicate the result to Professor Knight.
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HISTORY OF THE WELSH SUNDAY…
HISTORY OF THE WELSH SUNDAY CLOSING ACT. BY COUNCILLOR E. BEAVAN, CARDIFF. X.—VALUABLE TESTIMONIES FROM EMINENT MEN.—(Continued.) Since sending you my ninth article on the above subject there have appeared several letters in your columns from Mr. E. J. Thomas. I have read them, and should he further address you upon the Welsh Sunday Closing Act I shall read the produc- tions you publish. But to call his letters "An answer to Mr. Beavan "—well, save the mark! For to rea'd them, however, is only courteous to him and fair to myself. His tirade leaves me absolutely in the same position I have all along occupied, and in which 1 am proud to stand to-day, viz., that of having written the History of the Welsh Sunday Closing Act," and no one has yet been found to dispute the facts, tiirures, statistics, and testi- monies produced. This is my joy. Sucii efforts as those attempted by Mr. E.J. Thomas contain literally nothing that calls for reply, hut rather confirm; in a positive way the declarations I have made. He says that Mr. Roberts did make the statement attributed to him, and so 'did Mr. Richard." Two famous authorities it will at once be admitted. How true, then, that our very opponents wonderfully help us, and prove the correctness of our statements. I want my readers not to mistake that the little matter as be- tween myself and Mr. E. J. Smith (not E. J. Thomas) 1 mean to set right, as promised, after this history is completed. In the latter part of Mr. E. J. Thomas's letter of Friday last he evi- dently gets confused, and cannot reconcile my first with my eighth article. Really, I am not responsible for this. I have tried to make my statements clear, but cannot supply brains to understand them. Mr. E. J. Thomas talks of the longevity of publicans, when he must know that insurance offices declare they are very short- lived that they die after the rate of 150 to 160 to every 100 of the ordinary class of assurers, and that many offices will not insure publicans at all. while those who do insist upon having a very much higher rate of premium. All this has been proved long years ago, and why try to defend and bolster up what is utterly indefensible ? You will pardon another reference to my opponent, who has thus thought wise to "rush into print." I know him well. He has several times insulted me in the public streets of Cardiff, and this without the slightest provocation whatever, except that I differ altogether from him upon this great and terrible drink question. After living in Car- diff for nearly a. quarter of a century, and my public and private character for most of that time we1J known to my fellow-townsmen,whom, 1 rejoice to think, would not cast a single reproach upon or attempt to sustain any charge against me, it has been left to Mr. E. J. Thomas, of all others, to throw insult at me. I confidently leave the public to form their own estimate as to the true worth of such. Last April, in the lobby of the House of Commons, and when up in the interest of the English Sunday Closing Bill, instead of observing the ordinary courtesies and common civilities of every-day life, his conduct towards me was very coarse and low. I had a little friendly chat with Mr. Daniel Lewis and Mr. Pullen, of Cardiff, and also with Mr. Edwards, of Merthyr, but the behaviour of Mr. Thomas was vulgar and rude in the extreme. Several prominent members of the Licensed Victuallers' Association know that I have more than once spoken to them of his insult and abuse, though personally, and for my own sake, I care nothing whatever about it, but think such conduct ought to be exposed and a right estimate set upon the man who indulges in stich. To his four epistles speech is silver, but silence golden." I could not think of wasting my time or your space to reply to such stuff, though even Mr. E.J. Thomas may read" Valuable Testimonies from Eminent Men from their own pen if he will con- descend to call upon me" His letters savour of the bitterness and sourness of a disappointed man, and, seeing he is getting up in years, I pity him, though Pitt's reply to Horace Walpole seems applicable here, Those who seem ignorant in spite of age nnd experience may justly become contemptible if the opportunities it brings pass away without im- provement. The individual who, after having seen the consequences of a thousand errors, con- tinues still to blunder, and in whom age has only added obstinacy to stupidity, is surely the object of either abhorrence or contempt, and deserves not that his grey head should secure him from in- sults much more is he to be abhorred who, as he has advanced in age, becomes more wicked with less temptation; ago always brings with it one privilege, that of being insolent and supercilious without punishment." The liquor traffic is known full well to be a curse upon industry, an insult to morality, and a poison running through sin-stricken humanity, carrying ruin and death in its train, chiefly, alas, amongst these who are the very backbone of the British Empire — the working-men—though, unfortu- nately, destroying the hopes, withering and blast- ing the prospects, and sacrificing the lives of thousands annually besides. Who can realise or grasp the awful truth that we have living in our midst, always floating about us, and, for the most part, in rags and tatters, diseased and crime-har- dened, the appalling number, at the very lowest com- putation, of 600,000 drunkards, and as soon as one tumbles over the edge of the tremendous precipice on the verge of which he has been suspended, then another takes his place, and in this lamentable way the ranks are kept closed and constantly tilled up," until to-day half a. million English homes are broken into by this fiend, their peace aud happi- ness destroyed, comfort and joy quenched, the liner feelings of their nature cursed and stamped out, family ties snapped, domestic unions rent asunder, hearts left lacerated, wounded, and bleeding, and the hearths of merry England com- pletely wrecked by the drink demon. Are not these things, dreadful as they are, so many argu- ments and testimonies in favour of Sunday Closing and of lessening the evil by one-seventh? Think of our country, this fair land, over which Queen Victoria has so long and righteously reigned, and over which we hope she may be spared very many years vtet to sway her sceptre and live in the hearts and affections of a loyal people—think of our country and countrymen, I say, being regularly stigmatised with the foul epithet, the frightful meaning of which we have never fully gauged, as they hurl at us the words, from almost every nation under heaven, Drunk as an Englishman which short sentence comprehends and implies a depth of degradation we have yet to fathom, and which we blush to think of as we raise the cry, 0, Lord how long shall such a state of things exist." Would to God England was as good as she is great. The dominion over which her most gracious Majesty presides is one upon which the sun never sets—vast, glorious, and free and yet within herself are the very ele- ments which crush the life out of her people, and produce more mischief than the accumulated and combined evils of war, pestilence, and famine. Proceeding with" Valuahle Testimonies from Eminent Men," I begin at the point I left off last week, which was No. 6. No. 7 is dated June 16, 1884, and from a vicar of a well-known parish, and who is an oloquent preacher and very highly esteemed. He says :—" 1 am glad you have under- taken the task of replying to the statements pre- judicial to the Sunday Closing Act made by per- sons interested in the liquor tmflie, The opponents invariably cite Cardiff as a proof that the Act has been a conspicuous failure. I trust, therefore, you will succeed in bringing a mass of evidence to- get her such as will convince reasonable people that closing houses in which intoxicating liquors are sold has not caused an increase of drun- kenness. Upon principle I am an advocate of Sunday Closing, and am convinced also that the Sunday Closing Bill, as in Scot- land and Ireland, will prove most beneficial in practice. I have been told by disinterested persons that throughout the country generally there has been a marked improvement since the passing of the Bill." No. 8, dated June 2, 1884, is from an alderman of a borough, also an ex-mayor of the same place, and a justice of the peace :—" The good results of the Welsh Sunday Closing Act is too transparent for all unprejudiced observers to fail to see its effects. There is not one-half of the Sun- day drinking here as used to be." No. 9, dated June 17, 1884. frum an incumbent of a new and prosperous church, says. "I am thoroughly con- vinced that from personal observation the Welsh Sunday Closing Act is far from a failure in this parish. I have good reason for coming to this con- clusion after closely watching those who reside in this working-class neighbourhood. I am pleased to state that from the day of the Act coming into force several who used to make the public-house their resort on the Sabbath now attend my church." No. 10 is from a Baptist minister, and dated Sep- tember 23, 1884. He says, I have much pleasure in bearing my testimony to the beneficial influence of the Welsh Sunday Closing Act. Since it came into operation we have been permitted to spend out- Sundays without much annoyance from the effects of strong drink. The unpleasaut scenes which often greeted our eyes as we passed along the streets have to a great extent been discontinued. Instead of being disturbed by the noise of drunken men and women we have the privilege of walking to the House of God in peace and tranquillity. Two of the most regular attendants at our Sunday services aie publicans, and their testimony is that the Welsh Sund;if Closing Ast has conferred a great boon upon them and their families." No 11 is from a Wesleyan superintendent minister of great experience. Writing September 16, 1884, he says :— The Sunday Closing Act has undoubtedly proved a great boon to this town; its operation has effected a very marked improvement in the peace and order of the streets 011 Sundays. Perhaps there is no part of the town where the improve- ment is more marked than at the Docks. Kow it is a rare thing to meet a drunken person in this part of the town all the Lord's Day." Ko. 12 is from a Welsh minister of a very large town, and is dated June 6, 1884. He says:—"The Sunday Closing Act has doubtless been a great benefit to this town; that is clear to every unbiassed mind that will compare the state of our streets after the Act with the statu of things which prevailed prior to that time. The verdict of 9-10lhs of the people must be in favour of the Act. for it has wrought a wonderful improvement; this.is the case also in the outlying districts. No. 13 is from an old town missionary very diligent in his work and much respected by all classes. He writes June 15,1884:—" 1 have been living in one of the lowest parts of the town for nearly ten years. Before the Act I frequently saw men and women sitting on the pavement of a Sunday evening drinking beer from a jug and teacup, and many the worse for drink, with frightful rows and smashingof glass. Now such scenes arc unknown. 1 say emphatically that there is no comparison I between the present and before the Act came into force. 1 know that many landlords, with their families, are thankful fcr the opportunity of going to a place of worship without having their minds distracted with the business on their return." No. 14, a justice of the peaceof long experience, writing May 28, 1884:—1 am satisfied that the Sunday Closing Act has been a great boon and a blessiug to us at Drunkenness on the Lord's Day throughout the town and district has con- siderably decreased. Enclosed is a. copy of return sent me by the deputy chief-constable, which shows a decrease in the number of persons proceeded asrainat for drunken-! ness as follows From 1st of October, 1S81, t to September 29,1882, total proceeded against, 153; from October 1,1882, to September 29,1883, total proceeded against, 95; decrease in one year, 58." No. 15 is from a justice of the peace. Writing March; 31,1884, he says:—"Enclosed you will receive official statement from the magistrates' clerk as to; cases before the bench for drunkenness last six j weeks. The fact tliat only five were tried forj drunkenness the last six Sabbaths is evidence that. the Act has not been a failure, and comment is; unnecessary. Only two men have realty been fined; for drunkenness on the Sunday during the last six weeks, and to talk of an increase of 50 per cent. is as absurd as it is absolutely false." No. 16 is from a deservedly popular Welsh minister, who writes June 7,1884, and says:—"I have every reason to believe that the Sunday Closing Act for Wales has. been a great boon and blessing to the Principality^ I have made many inquiries of the leading men in' several towns and villages in every county in tho Principality, and in almost every case the reply has been in the affirmative. I have had pointed out tc me many a time, and in many places, men and women—old and young—who used to spend theil time on the Sunday in the public-house, and were unable to work on Monday, and half-, starving before the end of the week, with| their children in rags, but now they are sober., steady, religious, and respected. I have seen im- proved congregations on the Lord's Day in several places of worship, and observation and personal experience leads me to say that already the Act has proved a great blessing." No. 17 is from an ex. mayor and alderman of an important borough, also a justice of the peace. He says, writing March 30,1884:—" There can be no doubt as to its bene- ficial effect, and none but those who are blinded by their own self-interest would dare deny it. Aa to any influence in the direction of' repeal,' it is too* contemptible to speak about; it would create SUCIN a storm in Wales as would shake any Government, and that principally by the working men them- selves/' No. 18 is from a Welsh Calvinistid minister, who, writing May 27, 1884, says :—" The closing of public-houses on the Sunday sends many to the house of God. Rhondda Valley is a different place now on the Sabbath, and the workmen are eager to start work on Monday. I know the Act is a great boon to Wales." No. 19 is from a justice of the peace, who, writing March 31,1884, says:—"The Welsh Sunday Closing Act, in its working, has undoubtedly been a great blessing to Wales, and will be made a greater bles- sing still when the English Closing Bill is passed." No. 20, an alderman of a borough, writing April 1, 1884, says :—"It is with pleasure that I testify to the beneficial working of the Welsh Sunday Closing Act. I have good reason for stating that crime and convictions have diminished, chapels and churches are better attended, the streets of our town more orderly and quiet, and the homes of the people better cared for." No. 21 is from a very large colliery proprietor, who says, April 1, 1884 —" We employ at —— Colliery about 2,400 lI1"n. Our experience distinctly is that we get con- siderably more work done on Mondays and Tues- days since the Sunday Closing Act passed." No. 22 is from a mayor of an important borough, and diitod March 31, 1884:—" The Welsh Sunday Closing Act. I Ilave no hesitatiJn in saying, has proved a great boon to this town." No. 23 is from a well-known minister, who, writing same date as the last testimony hiren, says:—"I have no doubt whatever upon my own mind that the Principality upon the whole has been greatly benefitted by the Act, and I have been told by a leading minister in Wales and chairman of an important district that the congregations at Mountain Ash and other places have been increased 50 pet cent." No. 24 is from a Presbyterian minister, dated March 28, 1884, who declares That tho Welsh Sunday Closing Act has been in the district of Pontypridd, Rhondda, and many other places well-known to me a grand success." I have now given you the large number of 24 testimonies, and surely have no need to quote any more, although, if at all necessary, I could go on to a hundred yes, and, outside these, could obtain on the shortest notice testimonies, trustworthy and genuine, from hundreds more. I ought to say that several from whom I have quoted are gentle- men employing many hundreds, and in some cases several thousands, of men. I have alse left out testimonies from public bodies, such as the Congregational and Baptist Union Meetings, the Quarterly Meetings of the Calvinistic Methodists, and many others, because I did not wish to weary your readers and, besides, it generally happens that such meetings are re- ported, though I fear not always, and especially not when dealing with this question, and with strong resolutions in favour of Sunday Closing recording the vast benefits of the measure, &c. I find in your Tuesday's issue of the Western Mail that my friend Mr. Daniel Lewis, as president of the Cardiff Licensed Victuallers' Association, stept upon the scene. I welcome him, and having read his letter have but one sentence to say in reply. He knows full well that I sent him twc shillings for a dozen copies of the "pamphlet' referred to, which, if he did not mean me to pay for them, as he says, I have no objection to have same returned. This is absolutely all calling for reply in his letter. Cymro Gwyllt" enters the arena this (Wednesday) morning, and I thank him for the respectful way in which he mentions my name, but would remind him that facts and figures," instead of being nothing" to me,8.S he asserts, they are just the reverse. I have treated them as being everything in support of the History I have written. Nothing more is called for from my pen to dispose of the weak, puerile, nonsensical kind of twaddle emanating from the three persons referred to. I say" twaddle after having read through the whole very carefully, but a correspondent, a few days ago, and signing him- self Facts," thought well (to which I have no objection whatever) to characterise my articles twaddle," and in the same sentence almost declared he had never read them! What we are forced to see, hear, and read nowadays to be sure! In my next article I intend dealing with th* Club question."
A NEWPORT MAN'S WALK AGAINST…
A NEWPORT MAN'S WALK AGAINST TIME. [BY OUR SPECIAL COMMISSIONER.] William Buckler accomplished his task .t walking 300 miles in 72 hours on Saturday, night. He commenced fmm Newport at eight o'clock in the morning, and arrived at Cardiff on his first journey between half-past ten and eleven. The interest taken in his feat appeared lo have onsiderably increased, even since the previous. day, the crowds which watched his coming and going being much larger and more enthusiastic. The return journey to Newport was accom- plished about a quarter to two, and at half- past that hour Buckler commenced the last of his journeys to Cardiff. Large crowds witnessed his departure, and a good number of his supporters went some distance along the road with him. He reached Cardiff in good fettle shortly after five, and was received by still greater crowds than on his first journey. Having got wet through on the road he was detained at Canton some time in changing. He started on his last journey about 5.20, receiving the warmest encouragement along the Cowbridge and Newport-roads from the hun- dreds of people who lined the pavements. Crowds began to assemble in the neighbourhood of his destination, the Prince of Wales' Inn, Cardiff- road, Newport, soon after seven o'clock, and the numbers continued tll increase until eight, hy which time the road for about 500 yards in the direction of the Ebhw Bridge was thickly lined on each side. The main bulk remained outside the inn, which was perfectly besieged. The time spent in waiting was whiled away by the crowd in speculation as to whether Buckler would accom plish his task. The dulness of this occupation and the darkness of the night were pre sently lightened by the triumphant arrive of a Salvation band and the burning of Bengal hghts. The army had certainly an ex cellent opportunity ot' casting a net, but tin meshes were too large. It was pa}- day, and tlv elevating effect of such an occasion upon tho ordinary workmen of Newport renders them, sad to say, anything but pious. They were Gospel proof. The stentorian efforts of the preacher were like unto the voice of one crying in the wilder- ness, and the vigorous strains of the band aforesaid productive of nothing but deep-rooted wishes that it was the sole occupant thereof. Base i ngra.ti- tude Nothing daunted, however, the band continued to blare away and. the preacher to predict our speedy arrival at that place as bottomless as < ho Bay of Portugal," where warm clothing is said to be an encumbrance. About ten minutes to eight opposition manifested itself. A false alarm as to Buckler's approaching arrival brought out from the inn a couple of trumpet tootiers, who made a gallant effort to play something which was, doubtless, intended for "See the conquering hero comes." They libelled the words and the music. I don't think they stitited fair, or with a very clear idea of what they were to play, as each seemed to play the music to the tune he knew best. They succeeded in one thing, however—they routed the Sal-^ vation band completely out of the field. Towards the middle of the tune they found that their effort was a premature one, and both re- lapsed into silence. Then excitement began to grow rapidly. Conveyances which had gone out to meet the pedestrian heralded his immediate coming, and preparations for a clear passage throuirh the crowd were at once made by someone^ from the inn. At five minutes to eight a shout. in the distance betokened Buckler's safe arrival, and a minute later he sailed in with the rolling cheers and the trumpeting of the tootiers a winner by four minutes. He was in an almost, exhausted state and seemed somewhat bewildered by the enthusiasm. Eirnrts were made hy his admirers to get inside the inn, but it was already crowded to suffocation. The people remained around the doors for some time, and afterwards dispersed. The coal trimmers appeared to be greatly in- terested in Buckler's success, and some of them were heard to say that their body would subscribe to make up a sum with which to supplement that for which he bits been walking. After a rub-down and sundry "revivers," Buckler joined his admirers in tha bar parlour, where he was lionised for the remainder of the evening. During his walk he discarded the idea put forth by teetotalers as to tho incompatibility of endurance on stimulants, and on the conclusion of his daily task generally indulged in the soothing and fragrant weed. What a grand adver- tisement he would have been for Mr. Ebenezer Beavan had lie accomplished his task on nothing but water. We should probably have seen him starring with Mr. lteavan on his new teetotal organising and travelling journeys. As it is. his performance entirely dissipates the theory as to the injurious effect of stimulants in such work. Perhaps Mr. Beavan will trot out someone to walk 51 miles a day on nothing but water.
RUYMNEY RAILWAY.
RUYMNEY RAILWAY. DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENT. We are authorised to state that, subject to audit, the directors recommend that a dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum be paid on th( ordinary stock and shares for the half-year ending the 31st of December last, leaving a balance Of dE5,233 to be carried to the next account.