The Welshman

SCIENTIFIC NEWS. M. Engelshofen has reported to the Academy of Sciences at Vienna that he has discovered numerous objects of antiquity in the slope from Mannhartsburg, a cham of low mountains traversing Lower Austria from north to south, and situate on the north bank of the Danube. These objects exhibit a striking similarity to those discovered in the ancient lake-dwellings of Italy and Switzerland, and M. Engelshofen considers them to have belonged to a people who dwelt within palisades, and who used implements made of earth, stone, bronze, and perhaps iron. M. Alphouse Milne-Edwards has communicated to the Philomathic Society of Paris a description of the remains of the birds of t- e quaternary period, found in company with the bones of mammals, and which comprise owls, jays, and partridges, and various species which are now seen rarely in France, but are still met with in Hungary and Germany, and abound in Sweden, Norway, Russia, and nothern Asia. At the same meeting. M. Delanonue announced his discovery of lacustrine habitations, and of a submerged forest in the interior of France. M. Carlevari, of Genoa, in a letter to the Abbe Moigno, editor of the Cosmos, says that he has totally renounced the use of carbonate of magnesia, giving the preference to the chloride of magnesium, which, when combined with small ordinary gas-flarnes and burnt in common ur mixed with one sixth its volume of oxygen, produces the most beautiful light in the world. He states that he has constructed for the purpose lamps of a very simple principle and easy to manage, which he has applied to photography with great success. A process for the preservation of wood, suggested by M. Hossard, a surgeon at Angers, is based upon the property of expansion by heat and condensation by cold, possessed by all porous bodies. The wood, when leprived of vegetable juices and resins, is well heated tnd then dipped into a cold solution of dye-stuff. The solution is immediately absorbed by the pores of the wood, which contracts by the cold, and is thus rendered unattackable by insects or decay. M. Pasteur, so eminent for his researches in regard to fermentation and minute forms of animals and plants, has devoted himself to the study of the disease so fatal to silkworms in France. In June last he proceeded to Alais, where he set up a small laboratory, and there examined by the microscope hundreds of the diseased worms, chryaalida, and cocoons. He has recently reported to the Academy of Sciences that certain microscopic black corpuscles of pua are the essential symptom of the disease, and that the gravity of it is in I proportion to the number of these bodies; that the remed v must be directed rather to chrysalis than tc the worm, and that a healthy crop of worms can only be procured from the eggs of the parent moths which have no corpuscles whatever on their bodies. The Ammobroma SonoriB (sand-foot of Sonora) is an extraordinary root-parasitic plant of the region at the head of the Gulf of California. In a note in the American Journ I of Science, by Dr. Asa Gray, we learn that this plant, graving in a forlorn sandy desert, almost covered by the sand in which it lives, was found by its discoverer, the late Colonel A. B Gray, to form a considerable part of the sustenance of the Papigos Indians of the district, and is said to be very luscious when first gathered and cooked, resembling in taste the sweet potatoe, only far more delicate In a paper read at the Franklin Institute. Philidephia, by Mr Albert Leeds, on the geography and geology of petroleum, he combats the opinion that the flow from the oil-wells will eventually cease, and gives a statement of his reasons, based upon facts, for the statement that henceforth petroleum ueserves to be ranked with coal and iron as a solid mining interest. He refers to the evidence we possess respecting the character of bituminous deposits all over the globe. M. Bottger has published a new method of distin- guishing cot'.on when mixed with linen. A piece of the suspected cloth, about eight or ten centimetres broad, with the edges unravelled, is plunged into an alcoholic solution of aniline red, consisting of eight grains of crystallised fuchsme and sixty grammes of alcohol. After a few moments the cloth is withdrawn from the hath, and washed till the water remains colourless. The cloth while still moist is placed in a little capsule con- taining ammonia, for several minutes. In a short time the cotton threads appear perfectly white, but the linen threads retain a beautiful rose colour. The results of long-cont nued investigations into the specific weight and temperature of the sea have been lately published in the Meteorological Memoirs" of the French Board of Trade. The principal differences in the density of sea-wa^er are produced by local or specific circumstances. The specific weight is great in regions where the evaporation is rapid, and weak where much rain falls. It attain the maximum generally in the arms of the sea, such as the Red Sea, where there are no rivers and little rain and reaches its minimum at the mouths of great rivers like the St. Lawrence or La Plata, or in seas, such as the Black Sea and the Baltic where great quantities of fresh water enter. The highest temperature of the surface of the sea registered was 34*4 deg. centigrade, in the Red Set, near Aden. The next highest observed was 31 and 32 deg in the Indian Oceau, near the equator. The chemistry of wine is still occupying the attention of the most advanced French chemists. M.A. Bechamp, in a recent communication to the Academy of Sciences, defends his own views as to the cause of the maturing of wines. In his lectures on the vinous fermentation he had stated that all the elements which wine contains -succiaic, acetic, phosphoric, tartaric. cenanthic, and other acids, glycerine, alcohols, ethers, extractive matters, &c.-act upon each other. From the slow action of the acids on the alcohols arise new ethers; and the alcohols, becoming more or less oxydised, form odorous aldehydes Later still, when in the bottles, these reactions in the wine continue, till at length it acquires all its value, and its bouquet is developed. M. Bechamp describes the experiments which induce him to maintain his opinion that wine is brought to maturity by means of a fermentation provoked by organisms which succee d to the alcoholic fermentation, properly so called. A wine (he says) may contain these organisms and yet not be spoilt and, however paradoxical it may appear, wine is ripened and improved by an influence analogous to one which may injure it. The production of these organisms ought, then, certainly to be favoured.

I I AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. 1 I [By MR DAVIES, TRORDYBRYN.] I If the observer in the operation above detailed is able, by his senses alone, to separate sandstones from limestones, he may do so as far as he can, and then confine the chemical investigation to what remains after the separation, otherwise he mav treat the whole mass. AVe will suppose, then, that he is able to remove the more bulky part of the sandstones which he will carefully weigh, and call his result No. 1, the remain- ing mixture No. 2. He will also weigh and then pour upon it in a china basin a sufficient quantity of hydro- chloric acid (HC1.), so as to cover it, and stir the mixture occasionally with a strip of glass. Assuming that an effervescence takes place, more acid should be added occasionally, so long a.s effervesence can be pro- duced, after which the liquid is to be drained away from the remaining stones, which are now to be re- peatedly washed, then dried and weighed, calling the thing weighed No, 3, the difference between which and No. 2 will be due to lime and its carbonate, and pos- sibly magnesia removed by the HC1. The weight of No. 3 added to No. 1 may, for our present purpose, be set down as a total of sandstones. In this investigation the coarser stones, not being sandstones, as well as the finer sand obtained by the first washings, are supposed to have been used. The quantity of clay, that is of the fine sediment obtained in the first washings, will be ascertained by weighing that substance dried. Thus, then, in this ready but rough manner has been determined the proximate qualitative and quantitative analysis of a soil and it is upon results of this kind the nomencla- ture of soils is Thus— 1. Sandy soils contain above 80 per cent. of sand. 2. Calcareous soils contain above 20 per cent. of lime. 3. Clay soil contains above 50 per cent of clay. 4. Vegetable moulds (humus soils) contain more than 6 per cent. of organic matter. 5. Marly soil contains from 5 to 20 per cent, of lime, and from 20 to 50 per cent. of clay. C. Loamy, or soils in which the proportion of clay varies from 20 to 50, but contains less than 5 per cent. of lime. In this place it seems desirable to introduce a few practical remarks on the above soils 1. Sandy soils are cheaper to work, and consequently- coveted on that score but if this kind of soil consists principally of silicious sand and gravel, with but little alumina and calcareous matters, they are hungry and unremunerative. A dressing of clay marl, chalk, is suitable to the loose texture of these dry soils. 2. Calcareous soils. These soils are generally light, and easily worked, but as the rocks from which they are derived vary in their composition and physical characters most widely, soils of all degrees of fertility are included in this division. The greater number arc poor thin soils, whilst some of them, however, as those resting on the lower chalk formation, are exceedingly good soils, and remarkable for their fertility. Legu- minous plants are grown with advantage on these soils. 3. Clay soils possess qualities diametrically opposite to those of sandy soils. They are difficult to work, owing to their dense adhesive qualities. They can be improved by draining, burning, the use of bulky ma- nures, the addition of lime, ashes, &c. 4. Vegetable Moulds.—Any soil containing more than six per cent. of organic matter whatever else its com- position may be, is called a vegetable mould. This kind of soil varies from fertile mould to sterile, peaty or boggy soils, consequently it differs in productiveness. But it is an erroneous idea to fancy that the soil is rich in proportion to the quantity of organic matter contained therein, otherwise the deep peaty soils would be the best. Peaty soils should be burned or well limed. An addition of clay to deep peat is essential before it can be made to produce sound healthy crops of corn. 5. Marly soils resemble more or less in their character calcareous and clay soils, but they are less retentive than the latter, and more so than the former. Marly soils belong to the best quality of land, and as many of them contain phosphoric acid in considerable quanti- ties they are used beneficially as manures on different soils. 6. Loamy soils.—The term loam is applied to all soils which contain the four chief constituents, viz.. sand, clay, lime, and vegetable mould in a fine state of sub- division, intimate mixture, and in such relative propor- tions that the quantity of lime does not exceed 5 per cent., nor that of clay 50 per cent. These soils are easily cultivated, and produce abundant crops of all kinds of produce. The better sorts of alluvial soils belong to this class. The fact that alluvial soils (which are mixtures of materials from several formations) belong to the better class of soils should induce the farmer to follow nature's example as far as practicable by improving his land also by mixing that is, dressing a clay land with peaty or sandy or marly soils, &c.. and vice versa. But an analysis of a soil upon which to base anything like an exact value of its capabilities involves appliances of much greater nicety than those employed in the experiments already detailed. And the farmer who is desirous of mastering his profession should not rest until he becomes competent to under- take the more intricate operation, more especially as he will find that the general science of Chemistry has already done a great deal of the work for him. It has been stated that the elementary bodies amount to the number of 63, but the agricultural chemist has not to do directly with more than 1G, but in addition to this it has been determined that although the mineral quan- tities of different fertile soils vary, still such soils con- tain the same ingredients, whence the agricultural chemist in analysing a soil does not expect, and, there- fore, does not seek for any new or additional ingredient, and thus his investigation is not only limited but pretty well defined. It is, then, rather the absence than the presence of any one of these constituents referred to that becomes the fact worth noticing. More especially he goes upon the assumption that the soil does contain the usual ingredients, and so proceeds until his tests prove the contrary. Notwithstanding this view of the question, which view makes it appear that agricultural chemistry is deprived of much of the difficulty attend- ant on analysis, this is not the case, for several of the elements with which the agricultural chemist is con- cerned are not by any means of easy detection. Subjoined is a list of the mineral constituents found in a fertile soil in the order of their abundance. This list is followed by a short summary of their character- istics, some of which have been alluded to in the intro- duction 1. Silica. 7. Soda. 2. Alumina. 8. Sulphur. 3. Lime. n. Phosphorus. 4. Oxide of iron. 10. Chlorine. 5. Magnesia. 11. Fluorine. 6. Potash. 1. Silica in a pure state is a white gritty powder, which is scarcely affected by any ordinary chemical agent, and remains unaltered when exposed to the strongest fires. It consists of silicium and oxygen. But there is a modification of silica that is soluble existing in large quantities in all fertile soils. It abounds in every description of vegetable matter, especially in the grasses. In the Dutch rush it is so plentiful that that plant is used by the turner to polish wood, bone, and even brass. 2. Alumina is an oxide of aluminium. It is a white gritty solid, insoluble in water, an exceedingly hard substance of an alkaline character, and in a dry state it resembles silica, with which it forms pure clay, two and a half pounds of which clay contains one pound of aluminium—a metal, whose appearance is intermediate between that of silica and zinc, its most remarkable qualities being its extreme lightness. It is doubtful whether alumina contributes directly to the growth of plants, but it certainly benefits them by retaining moisture in the soil, and absorbing the soluble salts supplied in the manure. 1 3. Lime, quick-lime, caustic-lime, or hot lime, is a white earthy substance, which is obtained by burning common limestone in the limekiln. It consists of oxy- gen and the metal calcium. Newly-burned lime is strongly caustic, and alkaline, acrid, or burning to the taste, and becomes hot and slakes when water is poured upon it. Then it is called slaked lime, or more properly hydrate of lime, for the water used in slaking it has entered into chemical combination with the lime. but still it retains its caustic qualities. Slaked lime exposed to the air returns after a time to the state of carbonate or limestone again, in which state it mostly occurs, and less abundantly in other states of combina- tion, as sulphate, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, &c. It is slightly soluble in water. Lime is found in all plants except the Salsola-soda." More will be said about lime further on, when its effects as a manure will be considered. 4. Oxide of iron, or the rust of iron.—When blue clay is exposed for some time to the weather, it will become yellow because the protoxide of iron to which the blue colour is due attracts oxygen from the air and is converted into the red, or peroxide of iron. It unites with acids to form salts its habits are alkaline. The barrenness of some spots are caused by the presence of sulphate of iron, which contains the protoxide of iron. But by exposing the sulphate of iron it loses its inju- rious properties, because the protoxide which it con- tains is changed into the red or harmless peroxide of iron. Hence the remedy for land injured by the pre- sence of this substance would be by draining, fallow- ing, or liming. in,, Magnesia, or alkaline earth, is generally found (in a state of carbonate) to accompany lime in rocks and minerals. It is present in all cultivated soils, and it is necessary to the healthy growth of many plants. Com- bined with phosphoric acid it is always to be found in wheat, barley, and especially in their bran. Its pre- sence in the soil seems necessary to the development of the seeds Phosphate of magnesia is found in com- pany with phosphate of lime in the bones of animals. 6. Potash, an alkali, and which, generally speaking, has the strongest affinity for acid, is composed of oxy- gen gas, and a metal called potassium, which is a bright silvery metal, so light that it swims upon water, which it decomposes, and, in so doing, takes tire, a solution of potash being left. On burning land plants, a large portion of the ash is potash, or more properly speaking, carbonatc of potash. The chief source of this import- ant material in soils is the mineral called felspar—a constituent of granite. [To be continued. ]

THE GRUB IN CORN. I TO THE EDITOR OF Tllr WELSHMAN." I SIR,—Yesterday my men were engaged in threshing and winnowing wheat—the first of this years crop, and the heap of grain after passing through the machine, was found to be full of grubs or mTiggots, measuring from a quarter to three quarters of an inch in length. They are similar in appearance, only about one-half the size of the grubs which have made such havoc in my own and neighbours, Swede crops this summer, and must have been carted to the corn yard in the straw, and afterwards grown in size and multiplied in numbers. Now I should be obliged if any of your readers would inform me and others whose corn is similarly affected. as to the best mode of destroy. ing these grubs. Can anything be done to destroy them in the stack ? and if not, what is the best treatment to adopt to separate them from the grain heap ? There scarcely can be a doubt if the corn is sent to the mill without this being done the meal would be injurious to the health of both man and beast. Indeed, it may be worth while to consider whether the swallowing of these and kindred insects, which the great heat of the summer and autumn have produced, combined with the great scarcity of water, have not been the chief causes of cattle and sheep disease, and if there be no means of destroying them may we not have reason to fear a con- tinuance, if not an increase of the evil, during the winter and spring, from the consumption of straw and grain thus affected. Let me add, that in the aftermath of my hayfield, the same grubs have eaten large patches of the roots of the grass, so that it has turned quite brown, and the earth underneath is as soft as sereal flour. Can anything be applied to stop the extending of this ? Perhaps some experienced agriculturist reader of the WELSHMAN will notice the facts stated in this letter, and suggest a remedy in your next publication. By so doing he would render great service to many be- sides, Sir. yours respectfully. A YOU-N G FARMER.

THE CATTLE DISEASE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE WELSHMAN." Sir,—Will you allow me through the publicity which the circulation of your paper affords, to draw the attention of the landowners and farmers of this county, to the danger of bringing the cattle disease among our herds, by the introduction of stock from a distance, and to point out how desirable it would be if all parties dealing in cattle would abstain from purchasing beyond the limits of the county. It is true that up to the pre- sent moment we have had no account of the appear- ance of the disease in the counties immediately bor- dering on Carmarthenshire; but we know not how soon it may approach us, and no precaution should be neg- 1 ected. I It is hardly required, I trust, to urge upon the owners of stock the necessity of adopting every measure in their power to keep their animals in as healthy a state as possible, of avoiding moving them long distances, of having the sheds whitewashed and keeping them strictly clean, and free from all accumulations of manure and dirt, of watching carefully the first symp- toms of illness—and, though no remedy seems to have been discovered, the washing the nostriis with vinegar and water and applying tar would seem to be very generally recommended as tending to keep off the disease. These suggestions are so obvious that it may seem a work of supererogation to make them, but with the chance of drawing the attention of those who may not have reflected upon the danger of introducing cattle from a distance, I venture to ask for the insertion of these few lines. I am. vour obedient servant. CAWDOR. Golden Grove, Oct. 10th.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE WELSHMAN." SIR, Considerable alarm prevailed at Llandilo last market-day, amongst farmers and other owners of cattle, in consequence of reports having reached the town, that the murrain had made its appearance in the neighbourhood. It was stated that herds on several farms, lying from four to seven miles south of Llandilo, and between the water sheds of the Cenen and the Amman, had been attacked, and that many had already died. It was said that no less than eight cows belong- ing to one man had, in the course of a day or two, sank under the disease. Several people, with anxious coun- tenances, might be seen hurrying homewards provided with a supply of drugs, said to be guaranteed by the vendor, as the perfect cure." Having myself con- siderable misgiving of the truth of the tale, & not forget- ful of that celebrated case in which something as black as a crow became, in travelling, three live crows, I resolved upon a personal investigation of the report and to-day I visited the scenes where the murrain was said to have made so much havoc. In one place I found that no death had occurred, that nothing had been done for them, in short, there was nothing the matter, except some slight affection of the skin on the fore legs behind the knee something of a farcical nature. I better observe here, to prevent a very possible misapprehen- sion, that by the word farcical, I do not mean that the thing is altogether a farce, but that it seems to par- take of the nature of farcy. Well, these cows had been so affected for the last fortnight constitutionally they were all right they fed well, and had been rather better than worse in the quantity of milk. The affec- tion is altogether local, and the application of a little grease hastens its disappearance. In the place where the eight cows were said to have died, I found a similar state of things-all well. In another place, where the herd were said to have been destroyed, our old foe, the Black Jaundice (Clefyd du) had killed one calf with this exception all was well. At the next place I visited three only of the herd had the skin affection, at the hinder part of the knee. which produced no incon- venience generally to the animals. With respect to this local affection, the first noticeable fact that occurs is an unusual settling of flies on the part. I have heard that in one place, which I shall hereafter visit, this affection of the SKin nas assumed a graver aspect; but has not, I understand, produced serious inconvenience to the animals. Thinking that the result of my observations may tend to allay the fears, and save the pockets of some people, I beg to hand them to you for publica- tion in your widely circulated paper. I am, Sir, yours respectfully, W. SAMUEL. Careg Cenen, 10th Oct., 1865. P.S.—It may be useful information for many to know that from the disposition and peculiarity of the digestive organs of chew-cudding animals, the admin- istering of liquid medicines to them by means of a bottle or horn, the operation should be carried on with extreme slowness, in order that the fluid may pass direct to the honey-comb or second stomach, thence to the many plus (which is very frequently, if not most frequently, the seat of disorder), and thence to the stomach proper, intestines, and general circulation. If the fluid be poured in rapidly so that the animal be obliged to gulp it, it passes to the paunch, in whose capacious room it may remain for days, and be rendered there inert by dilution. Drinking fills the paunch the fourth stomach is filled by sucking. W. S.

CHORAL SOCIETY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE WELSHMAN." SiR .-It may be twelve months or more since I no- ticed with some pleasure that it was determined, at a meeting in the Vestry Room of St. Peter's Church, Car- marthen, to establish a choral Union for the Diocese of St. David's, I think, or at any rate for the Archdeaconry of Carmarthen. A similar motion was also adopted in other places, at the meetings succeeding the change of the late Archdeacon Evans. Have those resolutions in- operative I venture to ask this question through your columns in the hope that some of your readers will give the public information on a movement which I have no doubt would be exceedingly popular and useful. The singing in our parish churches is not what it should be. A choral union would greatly im- prove it, and make the musical part of the service an attraction, and not as it too frequently is at present, an annoyance to the good taste of the congre- gation, and a disgrace to those whose duty it is to pro- vide for the decent worship of God in our parish churches. If I mistake not, our excellent and zealous Vicar of St. Peter s seemed to take a warm interest in the proposed choral union, and he may perhaps favour me with a reply through the WELSHMAN. I ask this because it is a matter in which your readers throughout the Diocese feel much interest. I am, Sir, Yours truly. A CHURCUJMAy. Carmarthen, 10th Oct. A -l:lll'RC1!}U,N,

HUNTING APPOINTMENT. Mr Lloyd Price's Harriers will meet on Monday at. Rhydygie and on Thursday at Pontantwn,—each day at 10.30.

CAHMAHTHnxsHjRE IXFIlDfARY. House Surgeon's report for the week ending October 11th S?g i Remaining since last Report21 i ?g Q a 1 Admitted since 2) 'p Died Oi 2 S j Discharged cured and relieved. 2 ? Remaining, 21 82 Remaining since last Report 163 4 183 Z = Admitted since 20 Died 0) 18 P-4 Discharged 18) Remain "Ig 160 J. D. ROWLANDS, Surgeon and Apothecary. Medical officers for the week :—Physician, Dr Lewis surgeon, Mr Hughes. COMMITTEE.—Rev. Latimer M. Jones, chairman, Dr Lewis, Messrs. G. Bagnall, G. W. White, John Davies, .T. N. Roberts. J. W. WHITE, Secretary. I

I THE WEEK ABROAD. VIPERS IN FRANCE.—The Union Franc Comtoise says that woman named Bourseir destroyed, between the 1st of May and the 10th of September in the present year, 3274 vipers, for which she obtained a reward of 81821 francs —25 centimes being the renumcration for every viper killed. DOG JUSTICE.—A man named Buhler, residing at Derne, was in the habit of training dogs to perform tricks, and sometimes cruelly ill-treated them. A few days since he brutally beat a little dog which would not obey his order, and while doing so, one of his larn-c dogs sprang forward, seized him by the throat, and bit him so severely that he died on the following (lay. A PRUSSIAN PANIC.—The Prussians arc so alarmed on acconnt of the cattle plague that they will not admit, within their frontiers foreign animals of any kind, and even the drovers and all persons suspected of having come in contact with beasts susceptible of the plague are under an interdict. Two pairs of pigeons sent from Belgium to Germany were stopped by the Prussian offi ers; and a stuffed dog was also, it is said, seized on the frontier. In the vicinity of Costa Rica a pearl fishery is about to be established. About twelve'years ago the disco- very was made of pearl mussel banks of great magni- tude, which stretch themselves along the coast of Ohirigni for miles. The pearls arc said to be both large and abundant, but unfortunately the waters abound with sharks. However, a diving bell of a pecu- liar construction has been invented, and it is hoped that it will be a sufficient protection to the divers.— The Reader. AN AKGLOPHOBIST.-General d'Orgoni has left by will 100,000 fr, the yearly interest of which is to be given to extend French influence in India. The great ambition of the man was to be spiteful to England. To do anything like a serious injury he knew he was too mean of intellect, and there was much in this con- sciousness of unworthiness that was meritorious. His stupidity will be made visible by the fact that the interest would be oOOOfr., or £ 200. £ 200 a year to extend French influence in the mighty British Empire EXTRAVAGANCE OF THE FRENCH COURT.—The excitement of the Empress of the French always in a different costume lasts the whole day at Bairritz. The Baronne de Rimsky Korsakoff has been the queen of beauty and fashion during the season. Each dav, morning and evening, did she display a new dress. She stayed just thirty days, so that the show was carried to the extent of sixty new robes, round which her fair and envious rivals in the struggle for fashion and distinction were wont to gather with the most naif and undisguised admiration Court -four;eal. A comical legacy has been left to the French Prince Imperial. An old gentleman in the department du Rhone has left a will, in which he says Whereas the Emperor Napoleon III. risked his life for the safety of France in December, 1852, I hereby bequeath to his son, in whom our hopes are centered, my choicest fiddle, No 1, bearing the maker's signature, Antonius Stradi"arius, of Cremona, together with its bow of Pernambuco wood, each in its respective case of tortoise-shell." It is supposed that the testator had some desire that his legatee should, at a future day, play first fiddle in Europe. MOXT CENIS TUNNEL,—A letter from an Italian engineer announces that the workmen employed in piercing Mont Cenis had come upon a bed of extreme- ly hard quartz, which turned the edge of the best tempered steel, and it was feared that this obstacle might retard the opening of the tunnel for four years. As long ago as the month of May or June the engineers were expecting to come upon quartz but, as geologi- cal surveys of the mountain had long since been made, the impediment must to a certain extent have been reckoned upon. Perhaps the quartz has proved harder than was expected but early in the year they were lucky in finding an unusually soft vein of rock. It is to be observed that foreign engineers have expressed their opinion that the tunnel will take longer to com- plete than the Italian managers anticipate. The sum- mit railway is likely to be made before the end of next year. and will shorten to four hours the passage of the mountain. SCIENTIFIC J OTTIN-GS.-Common glue, as used by cabinet makers, is not always sufficiently strong to resist the strain to which the pieces joined together with it may happen to be exposed; sometimes even it is required to make metal, glass, or stone adhere strongly to wood, in which case a mixture of glue and ashes of wood will be found greatly preferable to glue in its ordinary state. The latter should first be reduced to the proper consistency required for wood. and a sufficient quantity of ashes added to give the tenacity of varnish. It must be applied hot. -The preservation of water on board ships is a question of great interesl, in naval hygienics, and numerous contrivances have been resorted to for the manufacture of vessels best fitted for the purpose. Sheet iron, c.overed. with zinc, a combination much in use, does not answer well- first, on account of the galvanic influence of these two metals on the liquid and secondly, because zinc in its commercial state always contains a sufficient propor- tion of lead, copper, and arsenic, to impart noxious properties to the water contained a long while in a vessel of the above description. It appears, however, that an iron vessel, outwardly coated with zinc, and tinned inside, answers the purpose much better. If not provided with the outer coating of zinc, the water will corrode the iron and become charged with oxide of that metal, which, though not poisonous, is not verv agreeable to the taste. Dr Dyes, chief physician to the regiment of Hussars of the Royal Guard of Hanover, having observed that sea-coal given to pigs makes them grow fat, two years ago conceived the idea that its therapeutic effects on man might be equally advan- tageous. He therefore administered some to such of his patients as complained of abdominal affections, and actually obtained excellent and speedy results from this treatment. The sort of coal he prescribes is the Piesberge anthracite, which is found in large quantities near Osnabrnck. From his observations, it appears that this anthracitic may be usefuliy adminis- tered in cases of spleen, jaundice, King's evil. scurvy. &c., in doses of from 1.) to 30 grains a day in pow- der, mixed up with some jam or extract, such as those of bark, gentian, &c.-Galignani, r "H"A.V'V"

THE ALTERATIONS IN ST. PETER'S CHURCH, CARMARTHEN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE WELSHMAN." SIR,-Before it is too late I am anxious to call the attention of the ATicar and Churchwardens to a very important fact which seems to have escaped their notice, viz., providing sittings for the poor in the parish church. If I recollect aright, the reason assigned for the pre- sent alterations was that persons (whether parishioners or not, I am not able to state), were continually making application for sittings, and that the churchwardens were unable to comply with their request without making some addition or alteration. But it does seem strange it never entered their minds, that by carrying their present plans into effect they deprived about one hundred arti- sans and poor people of their sittings in the gallery, while they only accommodate half that number of rich applicants in the wing formerly occupied by the organ. Had the amount expended on the present alteration been applied to the building of a wing on the south side of the church, making it cruciform, the benefit would have been apparent to all, and would also add to the beauty of the church. It is hoped that the Vicar and Church- wardens will see that provision is made for the poor parishioners who have been deprived of their sittings by the removal of the organ, Yours respectfully, ANGLICANUS. P.S.—Perhaps it would not be entirely out of place at present to suggest the propriety of making the church free and unappropriated, seeing that most new churches are built upon that principle, and the adoption of it in many old ones, where they realise by the weekly offer- tory, according to the means of the parishioners, the handsome sum of from £ 300 to f,2000 per annum, and whether the primitive plan or not, seems to suggest itself as a very suitable one in a Christian land.

S ^°n" Bethell was discharged from the Bank- The IE[on ?Ir Bethell w a ??yCourh, on Friday. His debts were stated to be l?'ll?tcY Cour,, on Frday. His debts were stated to be "P?N-ards ? ?,000. of which -t3O?) was secured to cer- tain ???tors, and ;eG3 iven up to the remainder. T?? a?iets were represented by a sum at the bankers ?nd??'P?c of horses. His expenditure for thcla?t t???' ?'svious to his bankruptcy was at the rate of £ 2 SAA a year. His mcomc was not stated. '? v melancholy accident which has cast a gloom over nle A? ???tser force of Bridge water, took place on Satur?l ?' ? ?????' of the corps went out for private Practi ,ay. A. number of the corps went >ut for private  ?? ? young man. Locker, a private, acted as toarkpr\ Three shots had been fired at the GOO yards' rarifr,, Locker ran out of his hut to the target, ?'ithh??S?al nag trailing on the ground, and without ^'aitin^ ^+f ^le responding fbg. At the moment Sero.p "?Geld had his rifle at his shoulder, and ?1  ?' The bullet entered the back part of Lockci-- ?"?'??came out at his chest, causing in- stad^man„neous death. Tw °1 ?0l^I1^s ten shillings, being the interest upon -?lOO left by the late Rev. T. M?rrick, to be ?'?n ^Oua'llV i° ?° yo""g single woman who is deserving, ^ost h ? ?"?'? most noted for her attendance at Hol8w H Church, Devon, has been awarded to Miss Jutie 'p re ie 'of that village. Notice had been posted On JL 6° door requesting those who considered ?betn?Bi) ves el)gible to give in their names. There were six c:eh:es ellglb}e to give in their names. There were sjx 0,^d.i.datea. The churchwarden, a bachelor, backed and delicate task of deciding between thf? ?'? claims of many fair opponents, and left the t ask to the Rector. Miss Mary Cole was awarded a like thIll, as being an old maid possessed of similar virtues in 'he- in tbp o-rcM?? ?a.?. DrE. O¡- GAME AXD RABBTS.—In some parts of 'V or('esterhie a disease has appeared among game  rabbits, which threatens not only to seriously affect tthef3Peci.es in which it is now committing ravages, but ? spread to sheep. Rabbits fall dead at the feet ot and in one district as many as half a dozen l^v been picked up within a few yards. Pheasants ?'e?] ? ?Sected, but in one case sheep have already ?en ,a a< j ked. We have been shown a rabbit picked up '??ll attacked. We have been shown a rabbit picked up Orl ?, urd4 and a more sorry-looking carcase can ?fcel? ?"Dagined. The effect of the disease-what- c?erit ?? ?"s to waste the body until nothing but  to waste the body until nothing but ra i ? boues are left. The fur of the hares and ts bO.!lles ?'' till not a hair is left; the skin is ?ectedh???'-?"??? eruption, or rash. With birds, ?a6tint,.? mOulting occur, and in each case a high iQflammat '°n an<^ ???'' seems to exist throughout the "cereal °?"?' Some agriculturists attribute the ?'se?se to ?"?'sease" or miasma of the land, and they Bay that Clover is turning mildewed from the same ?us. ?Une????s AND APPOINTMENTS. Rev Hugh Pel'sh -Al A., Vicar of Elmley, Castle Rural Dean of ?''shoi-p ? Francis Goddard. M.A., Vicar of Hil- ??ton 'p '? Dean of Avebury, Wilts, First Portion. ?Rev G  Bignett, B.A.: Curate of St. Luke's, Vei'pool -Tp v John Kcnyon Incumbent of Brenck- ?rne jj r. rPet'1- Patrons, the Trustees.—liev Francis burrle(1,7peth. Patrons. the Trnstees.-Hev Franci" "?esdp?? ??s, Domestic Chaplain to the Duke ? Leeds Rector of Whissonsctt-cum-Horningtoft, ??oll: ??.p '? H. Monk Curate of St. Peter's. VMonk Curate of St. Peter's. ^e;vton-in \i! erfield--Rev T. H. Thompson, M.A. ?i?'Petual r. ?? of Cassop, near Durham. Patron. r? Cro?n e :rolvri.' -lev E. Venables, M.A. Prebendary of r, ^ton-wM ? E- Venables, M.A. Prebendary of 1'he 6e t .-Thurby in Lincoln Cathedral. ee se us, ti 11 of the week has been the publication by t orni, g /5tar of a list of names of supposed sub- f?era to the Confederate Cotton Loan, including Mi ??StoQ. /????'?O, that of Mr J. T. Delane, th", editor of (F £ 10,000. and of Mr Sampson, the ??itor NF oPe's f 0 the ??? paper, for ??5.000, Mr Beresford tt?'8 for £40,000, and others with them. The list ???s out tn h a Pure forgery, which has been palmed, v°WeVer 0n Federal Government probably by some ?"?deratp '?" sd era l Government, probably by som< C,, I t. (, 'a rate Willing to earn a reward and annoy Mr. ??tdb?n '? '"? the same process, and in the authen ticit Y of wi,i,? as we happen to kuow, the Federal }i.Clty Of wt as We ^aPPen to kaow, the Federal '??tarv?f"e?' ? sincerely believed. The contradic- t.'?8of?),. more weighty of the supposed subscriber* ve been ?coved,—moat of them contradictions whict rP8et ev t'ie theory ('! its being founded on fact. M< *?0e ?stance, denies that he ever had a farthing ? the r ??srato loan in any shape, and so does Mi Beregn ° We are very glad to recei ve these con- ?dit ??? to imputationa which should not have been, ?en Veil ot eticailv, made, without better evidence than it¡ t ()it e New York Herald, or some Confederate dealei iQ 'o?k. In bpite of the elaborate arguments of some o ???"?porariea to the contrary, no man likes to re <:6) ?'e political any more than any other kind of advic! ? fr,3ril a Person deeply biassed by self-interest. Am, 6it ??'a statesman or an editor who tenders 'hat advice concealing a fact that would so greatly diminish it: eght"is untrue to his highest inteHt'ctual obligations :hI; kthlng further as as yet transpired as to the riot a ^ark^e Drayton. We ?'o informed, however, that Ii ft>an., Of U} ?"?hereaUy.ictive opponents of the adoptio' ? Sclf-Goverhment Act are persons iLterested or in the maintenama for then 1?'?? ?.?' those low Puhiic-bouscs. lodging-houses. ^orsp!,lUSeS' w^'c^ m?ike necessary the erectioi I'1. QlaintpnT '?'? P,lhli(' ?cc?ary the erectio.. ?? o???ten?e a LIP puM,, ?t of'?nitais and riso,It ia very possit)l, ?t the Spropshire outbreak iiiUal'y more euero-lf ?y men auch as these, who ar( t \lall)' more elJerr"otic y tnen 8uell as these, who an ?'?y rate he th,tn ?" ?? miser, who tbink- tb41 an?, rate he ?n.y 1, ,e to P"y for the maintenanc. Oft e u lie h"I'h may ??" somewhat the amount o ? ?'hich he 'n.?v". "'??y ?r the maintenance of th? ?eand the j. I,d  union. ??'?wbile it is melancholy t, t "k ? gentrJ v "?? tt he former vi?e class, the very worst en '?th]ps o? vi Ie class, the very worst e im-j ??. should be able so easily? ?h'miutu?,?.?'? his best friends. ??t of ??, s Uruguayans on the 17th Au?us Pears to hava v r??a t I)ut riot a creditable one Plores G elier4 the Ar'.5),6utine forces, cred.tabte cue 30 t ? enem ?'? Dentine forces, was, when h< .e enemy v ata^ '? command of 9,000 men, with 3Q ece8 f rifl ^ri n The Paraguayans were onl% cfn0D• The Paraguayans were onh b3 'n^' and when V r° ?y the first attack were purserJ v remorselessly, 1,700 cavalry Un^ 8^aughtercd remorselessly, 1,700 in his despatch affirms tha th0 J ?°uld be "no I)umin power cotil,? a. e thern su, Illed, that" no human power couk jjj, "no human power couh; ?"?" th'??' ??"? '?'? ? ??' same despatch ?Unces thatk ^aS taken 1,700 prisoners. Th. ?ah)"?ide:it).. ????"??ssacre, for which the Para- gu?'?"a wing, h;mler. Un the other hand the Bra- '13'an,j ?v'll fi?,ht the h-.tr, -r. On the ot h er hand the Bra- ^ilj a^eet> whj .1 Was to h??'s attacked the Paraguayan fort li Uuactita 'ha- s,retreated down the river, losing tw? ot it ??'Dera.?'?anytnene? )-o?? from the fire o: ? ??ragu? fie T>raSUava1 ??!GS. Theturnins-poiutofth. thl\lTon '!SoU? be ?? attack which Fiores has now to t^°n s°tHo 19 >^00 Paraguayans on F'? o r'3"his "Ow t(' rUgnay h er si d e of Th el 't"'t d,vice for killing paop?eseoma a very suc- ?e6at e* ()" NVeli)esday Mr Beardsleo, maker of "pe 101' tb exp e(c or the )Lltiez'ici trlGorcrninent, made some ex eri Sfu'Iy, efo:e the first Lord of the Admiralty 1 ^'0v"in» Ma f>reat eal of water into ?'? air very otd ??'Iy.'M'' ari^s-ee attacked the T?M-Ao?, an gu(.e em,3 t uI,I3-, l?, l,, 1) ,-arus.e(, atttekt,,d the Te?rP-Iicl"'?'e, ',tfi '314 18 -gull ?hI. P  has never been put in ccmmis??ioll o 7,5-p "Ulud 'hells were placed at a depth of about 7 feet ??? her ? ?'red from the shore by elecri,cly, Th,, c Wl F3 -a Io, ud explosion 'i as if' evcry ounce of iror, fjll b bard lclt ti,,? d?,th agonv." aa(l then the ship settled ?ok"? ?y the l' ? agony," aad then the ship settled t kird bY the head. ll(,r ?'?? seems to have beer; btok"*11i atld hal S^0 been in deep water with a crew on ??r  ?? must have been complete L dest UCt'on must have been complete Ii yr°UlH SeeH ag'ft^ese submerged shells might render b??? t ?? ?''Qctm- ?""?' but for the diOicuIty of calculat- lrlg c"a 10Qlent at which to explode them. M. ^■Ut 8teatner ??mrr "'?h?'???'? ?"s?om? e which exp10ùe on being struck, 4t t btea,uo,-r 'Ould drive what the Americans call a "c'0t. ??cr''t '?re her just as easily as a locomotive. Pedo w °uld then expend its force on a piece 01 \? Pedo ? ?Uid then expen d ita force on a. piece ot ?ir? ??tin& ;tt Nve oillte(l °ut to the 7?fe<? its mistake in having itatl?(I to .iPllte Mr Purkiss's sad death by drowning 1Id '3 tJ -1 div?e judgment on Sunday bathing. .f??Co?? a°°rresn 'deut of that paper, who is piously pro- ellot, tosigla bis letter Hallow My Sabbaths )" tlw 'e givin f an impression (not very uncommon with ^es 8entletl^ Impression (not very uncommon WI. ?Hr?]? the iln?n) tbat he is \Hitting to that journal fcian^^tecl » a higher power, is son:ewhat Y-" -e foresaw it must be so with too ?an'?in ? ??S throughout the article any com- HiG,?'??? tb°?f ????t Mr Purkiss the arUe e any com. ^011 thof act hat Mr Pm'kiss came to his untime- ? Gn" ?'bile '?thing on Sunday Afternoon." The 1? ''?'?  it aPPt,ars, in Cambridge on Sunday, Sep- te tQb, r l7> and Waf o? his way to one of the parochial ?Uc? ?boo??'?'? ? ? found the people in the streets ?lDliQh eXcited l ?? news of Mr Purkiss's death. ?an ? ?Iy s? ?obaths" was equal to the occasion. He ?1 i ?du] ?? ?"l'v ?'??ctic regrets. "I could not but ^Pon ?iai tlp(,tl ^diatoiy afc it must have a very bad effect ?Pon ? Sun? "'???? ?oys if it is known that their ?Pe)-? ? stat !011' thcyo"»ger members of t at Clr ?u?d"' are 'go' 1011, the younger members of the Uni- ??itv?'e co lng, ?t into the country to bathe on tol? ? ?terno-. Hallow My Sabbaths" of course ? t NDAY « Ci, °^ HOW much better it is to be dirty ?c n? ? ??? ?"ch better it is to be dirty l?a.11 trj bath Oil a ?iiiid 'Ly. "I know nothing of Mr ?rk?i? 'he ??? ?"?? ?' of his spiritual state, and th ?"rQf ()re C,elltu.re 0 opinion as to whether he was Q tea ?tbiN l ?P?r? "? ?ot ?f ? that sudden nll folnsfinnl nf?onnt." wLile esei'ou-s-minded way of saying of Mr ding .C Ila1 Lamb said of that good man on 'h e°ld ]a(j Passed so wcaiisomc a panegyric. (I'Dillft kl("" Iiiin, bless him Well, I ladiii 91 Sa'-d Lallib b ?'?. ??s him ?" Well, I > fea-, l £ nPlies tv, disappointed' correspondent of ? Qti? damn ai: a hazard." And so, ?rn ? ?ncp,?- ?a-ppointed' correspondent 0 t1?,c rl.,l P-C)"Ice ""In' f -^ce °J cl c°ii£ cp*i-nr,?S Mr Purkis?. We ought, he says, bi,4 \Vas f 1 do:ng Our "Pleasnre" on the sabbath'l J'hieJ ^Vfts thr. our "pleasure" on the Sabbath. tb C, bett, Pioasure, to get a bath a,?d t> l,rki<!i)-8 sPu'it.iini "e' or to fear for the state of Mr I rit "llal I)reparition Spectator. ee 1.)' s: AyT" hP.ILL." -NLO f,lnlil3, shoulcl be without lotion 8t'tnulatinr f.w1ily should tJe wIthout eNe I, 18- cl,r 101, 9 tried eiffctc)r in removing indi- Rebtioll,atiln,l th? ? ??-ela, and purifying the l,lood ^Id °led thorrlni^0r'8kahle fame throughout the (-Irld hatover tv,° ???s may be a few doses will J?hove the ll1or'ver the ma V be a few doses will  the Were '?"'t symptoms and thereafter com- Diet",I3, Control 411 ?isr)rdered actions, rouse the torpid f 'ver, P^Pty the e °A^e<^ spleen, cleanse the obstructed li eya Ussi[nilato ?-I- dile I''Ar'81(bilate ^i food, improve the blood, and Ati Conf,er tile, ?'" and every function healthful oQr, ural ,tIlltv and wholesome regularity. In ^di«estion 'fli"V meSS ,ght' h??che, mental Yfiiciti II assitude ,iese restorative Pills act as a IThe? expel rhe uuaatism and gout, and tLey ??P?nta incident? to fam4les, The Comte Cavour, a Turin journal, confidently an- nounces that the problem of perpetual motion has been solved by M. Loucre Rizzio, a mechanic of Strosburg, who, the same journal asserts, has invented a machine which finds its motive force within itself without any external aid. A LITTLE IIERO.-Thc Greenock Advertiser reports a remarkable instance of self-command and conscien- tiousness exhibited in the Glebe sugarhouse on Thursday evening by a little boy of 12 years of age, who fell into a syrup cistern, but managed to clamber out before those who heard his sharp shriek could get to his assis- tance. At the time he fell he was engaged in shifting the conductor from a full cistern to an empty one, & having lost his footing on the ladder was plunged headlong into the hot and nearly boiling liquid. On getting out he was covered all over with syrup, and was in an intense state of excitement and evidently severely burnt. A number of men at once got hold of him fori the purpose of affording him relief, but in an instant he slipped out of their hands, and to their astonishment, replaced the ladder in its position, and refusing all help he insisted on completing his work, because he knew that if others unaccustomed to it attempted to change the conductor the liquor would be lost. He deliberately completed his task, and then put himself into the hands of his master and workmen by whom his clothes were removed and they soothed him with oil. He seemed very much burned, but yesterday was rapidly recovering. The conscientious attention to duty displayed by the little fellow while suffering excruclating pain excited the greatest surprise among the men who witnessed it, and his employers have presented him with a substantial mark of their admiration. His agility in escaping at once irom tile cistern prevented more serious injury, and by this time he is probably at work again. A FRENCH CLERICAL VIEW OF THE CHASE.—The Archbishop of Bordeaux, Cardinal Donnet, opened the proceedings of the Agricultural Association of the arrondissement of Blaze (Gironde) with an address on the •' abuses and dangers of the chase." He had for- merly denounced poaching, but now includes sport of every kind. It is no longer necessary and the Cardinal docs not see how it can be a pleasure. Rising before daybreak, walking many a long hour through shrubby thickets, which tear your legs and clothes through marshy ground, where you can neither advance nor retire climbing rocks which lacerate your feet pene- trating into marshes which inoculate you with rheu- matism,—the eye strained, the ear watchful, the stomach empty, and the game-bag not less so. You give the name of pleasure to the moment when the poor bird is brought down, —the poor bird, the pur- veyor, perhaps, of a numerous offspring or to that when the sportsman finishes the wounded victim, which expires looking with tearful eyes on his execu- tion. You are agreed to call an enjoyment of life the excessive exercise which exhausts the body instead of making it supple, heats the brain instead of refreshing it, and precipitates the hour of infirmity,—not to speak of the damage done to the property of your neighbours." The cardinal avows, with deep regret, that it is net easy to touch the heart of a thorough sportsman. He leaves, therefore, to their disorderly courses and their barbarous stratega the inexorable persecutors of the winged songsters of our forest and gardens," content- ing himself for the present with observing that if it be the design of Providence that we should use for our necessities certain animals traditionally set apart for that purpose, it is not permitted to man, merely for his amusement, to take from the tillers of the soil their most useful auxiliaries-such as sparrows, nightingales, red-breasts, linnets, goldfinches, chaffinches, larks, and others of a like kind. The Cardinal gave some statis- tical details in order to show the injury done to the agriculturist by the wholesale massacre of those small birds. Another point the Cardinal dwells upon is the practice of sporting on the Sabbath, thus combining inhumanity with the disregard of religious observances. The accidents which occur to the unskilful or the care- less arc not forgotten in the discourse. DEATH OF THE REV. CANON STOWELL.—The Rev. Canon Stowell, rector of Christ Church Salford, died on Monday, at his residence, Bar Hill, Bolton-road, Pendleton, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Mr Stowell was born in December, 1709, at the parsonage of Douglas, Isle of Man. His father was many years rector of the parish of Ballaugh, near that town, where he composed his 11 Life of the Right Rev Thomas Wilson, some time Bishop of Sodor and Man." Mr Stowell matriculated as a commoner at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, in 1818, and at the close of his under- graduate career took his degree of B.A. in Michaelmas term, 1822. He proceeded to his Master's degree May 25, 1826. On the 2Gth of December, 1823, he was ordained by the Hon. and Right Rev. Dr Henry Ryder, at that time Bishop of Gloucester, and subsequently of Lichfield and Coventry. His title for orders was the assistant curacy of an outlying chapelry of Sheepscombe, Painswick. not far from Stroud, in the county and liocese of Gloucester. His stay, however, in this rural parish was only of about three months' duration, for in the following spring he removed to Huddersfield. He remained at Huddersfield about two years, when he accepted the sole charge of St. Stephen's Church, Salford. Here lie became so popular as a preacher, and so esteemed as a devoted and laborious pastor, that, in the fear of losing him among the many pressing invita- tions which he received to undertake other and more valuable appointments, a number of his parishioners and friends subscribed a handsome sum of money, and built for him Christ Church, in Acton-square, Salford, of which he became the first incumbent. In 1845 Mr Stowell was nominated by Bishop Summer to an honorary canonry in the Cathedral Church of Chester. In 1851, not long after the erection of Manchester into an episcopal see, Canon Stowell was appointed by the Bishop, Dr James Prince Lee, one of his lordship's chaplains. Subsequently, Mr Stowell was appointed Rural Dean of Salford. The next presentation to the living is vested in five trustees. Only one of the origi- nal trustees is living, Mr Robert Gardner, and we be- lieve his co-trustees are Messrs. Le Mare, Blacklock, Crewdson, and Makin. The activities of a busy life left Mr Stowell but little leisure for authorship, but he found time to contribute the following works to the catalogue of contemporary literature Tractarianism Tested," 2 vols. Lectures on the Character of Nehemiah,-a Model for Men of Business 11 Self- Culture;" The Voice of the Church in Holy Baptism:" the Moderation of the Church of England;" IVorlclly Anxiety "The Bible Self Evidential The Pleasures of Religion and other poems Con- fession William Palmer, a Warning;" "The Age We Live In The Day of Rest and several other theological works, sermons, lectures, speeches, and letter a.— Manchester Guardian. WEYHILL GREAT SHEEP FAIP.This great fair opened on Tuesday, with the sale of sheep only, the show of which was considerably below the average of previous fairs. Very high figures were set on store sheep, breeding ewes, and lambs, but the advanced value of fat mutton and the abundance of swede and round turnips, rape, and sheep feed on the clover and leys, induced farmers to submit to increased prices for all kinds of sheep, and many large cattle feeders have this year closed up the fatting stall in fear of the cattle plague, and will fat sheep and breed lambs in prefer- ence to risking capital on horned stock. The sheep disease is happily but little known in this county Hants), nnd business was by no means retarded by its existence in other parts of the county, and sheep sales were rapidly made at the following figures South- downs and half-breds— young well-bred ewes, 48s to 5Hs a head full-mouthed ditto, 42s to 4Gs; and broken mouthed ewes, 36s to 30s four toothed wethers, for stores, (iOs to 64s two tooth tegs, 50s to 54s and strong wether lambs, 40s to 43s and ewe ditto, 34s to 37s per ditto, Hampshire downs—large wethers, 66s to 70s a head store tegs, 54s to 58s and lambs (level lots), 40s to 46s young ewes, 50s to 5Cs and broken mouthed ditto, 40s to 48,1 per ditto. D orset- (horned sheep) large ewes, lambing down cat-ly. 5,5s to 62s a head and late tupped ewes, 45s to 50s wethers, six tooth (three years old), 64s to 70s; four tooth (two years), <54s to 58s and two tooth (one year), 50s a head and Dorset lamb. 40s to 48s per ditto. Leices- ter sheep, 60s to 76s and Cotswold lambs, 45s to 50s a head. Rams Sussex down and Hampshire bred tups fetched 4 to 9 guineas Leicester rams and long wool- led tups, 5 to 10 guineas and upwards and tup lambs, from celebrated flock, 4 to 7 guineas. In consequence of the Reduction in Duty Homiman's Pure Teas -r,, in all parts of the Kingdom now supplied EIGHT-PENCE per lb. CHEAPEN throjgb their Agents Solds in Packets ht 2s. bd, 3a. Oil., 3a. .1d., and 3s 8d. per lb. Observe! every Genuine Packet has the importers' Signature. Sold in Carmarthen, by Jon, s and Son, Chemists, 16, Lam no as-street, J. H. Smith and C,)., Queen-street, nnd J. H. Davies, Chemist, 31, Upper King strel"t,-in Llanelly, by Rees, and by Brown. Chea:ist, -in /wa¡¡..seu, hy Glo<t'r. Chemit,-in L ugharne, by David, Chemist, — iu Narberth, by Lewis Dral,er,-it, Newport, by Griffiths, Chemist,—in Curdy an, by Cloughor, Stationer,—in Llandovery, by Morgan, in Llanidloes, by ones.