The Welshman

THE EMPEROR AND THE CARDINAL. Nothing could illustrate better the changed position of Rome in its relation with earthly Powers, than the account of the last comedietta performed at Compiegne. For ages the Papacy and the thrones have stood opposed to each other as representatives of Intellect and of Force. The figures with which of all others the student of history is best acquainted are those of the armed king and the cowled priest-the king all bluster and violence, the priest turning aside opposition with smiling, subtle inflexibility. For ales no diplomacy could equal that of Rome, no monarch hope for tioiory in a civil contest with the Pope, uo statesman confront obstacles with the unmoved calmness of a great Roman cardinal, the European ideal of intellectual strength is Hildebrand; of statesmanlike power, Richelieu; of the craft which controls by soothing mankind, Cardinal Mazarin. The State, whenever it fought the Pope, was exuecled to have recourse to violence from the proved im. possibility of winning in any more intellectual mode. The speech of sil ver, the deep design, the covert meaning, all acwe now describe by the clDprebnsle on08yllable tact," was predicated of a cardinal as instinctively as red. ness of gold, or fairness of some great. ladye. T" this moment a scene in a drama in which statesmanlike guile was on the side of the king and irresolute feeble- ness on that of the cardinal would suggest to most critics an inartistic inversion of the true order of things. Ih 27th Compiegne has inverted them, nevertheless. On (he 27th of October, Monseigneur Billiet, the Archbishop of Savoy, atteudeil at Compiegne to receive his Cardinal's hat from the hands of the Emperor, and priest and monarch com- menced for the thousandth time the courteous but virulent war of tact. The priest spoke as he would, and the mon- arch replied as he would, and no man who reads the query and the letort doubts that the intellectual strength was on the side of the throne. Italian and priest, the new Cardinal was noue the less hopelessly defeated in the very field which the Roman Court boasts as so exclusively her own. His ques- tions were parried,his insinuations overruled,his compliments turned into reasons for the very course they were prepared to avert. A Cardinal on a throne is the nearest approach we know to the attitude of Napoleon during the ceremonial, and the phenomenon is fall of omen for the temporal power. Thought has long pronounced on the other side; popular favour is all for the boldest assailants of the Papacy, physical force just condescends to uphold the Holy Seat on the edge of a precipice, and now the astuteness which for ages has been the Papal substitute for wisdom has passed over to the ranks of the enemy. The Papacy had sore work to hold its own against Bourbons with a Mazarin on the Bourbon throne it is hopelessly overmatched. The contest began with the presentation of the Latin Brief, authorizing the Emperor to bestow the Cardinal's hat. In it the Pope alluded clearly to the vicissitudes but too well known which he had undergone," and announced the concession not only as one due to the virtues of the Archbishop of Chambery, but to the claims of another "who boasts the title of Eldest Son of the Church. The object, of course, was to elicit some word of pity for the Holy Father, some promise which Rome could use as a new barrier against Italian demands. It must have been with an inward smile that the Emperor accepted all these assurances as most gratifying, declared that accord between himself and the Holy See was most necessary, and hinted that this accord could not better be manifested than by the kind adoption of suggestions always made after mature consideration" bietiveilla)ete de propositions toujours faites aeeè maturite). The Roman Church in England once made that very reply to another sovereign also called Pontius Pilate. Henry the Eighth, too, asked, like the Pope, for accord," and was told, as Napoleon now tells the Holy Fath, r, that accord was the wish of the Church, and would be achieved at once if Parliament would only accede to propositions always maturely considered. Nothing is changed, except that in the nineteenth century it is the sovereign who makes the reply which the Church made in the sixteenth. Richelieu might have been proud of the dexterity which in three lines accepts a compliment from the Pope, heartily sympathizes in his wish for accord, and tells him that the way to secure his desire is to accede to well-matured propositions -such as, for example, a resignation of the temporal power. Nor was the Emperor less happy in his reply to the Car- dinal than he had been in his retort on the Pope. Mgr. Billiet thanked his sovereign in the name of Savoy for his own investiture, recounted the services Napoleon had per- formed to the Catholic Church in China, Cochin China, Polynesia, and Syria, and boldly concluded by assuring him that, by protecting the venerable Pius IX, as Charle- magne protected Adrian I., he would deserve the approval and applause of the whole Catholio world." The Emperor of course could not reject such a compliment, yet to accept it was to bind himself before the Catholic world to a con- tinuance of the Roman Protectorate. Every word hid doubtless been studied, and many a statesman might have fallen into the trap. The Emperor, however, kindly patted the Archbishop, extolled his owu love for Savoy, and calmly accepted the appreciation of his efforts for the good of religion and" -not the protection of the Pope, but—"the prosperity of the newly annexed provinces." All, there- fore, that the Church has gained by this carefully considered scene, is a menacing refusal to pledge the faith of France to continue the protection which the Church so greatly desires. The Vatican, beaten in the field and defeated in diplo- macy, is now vanquished in the battle of tact.—Spectator.

WHY GOLD DOES NOT GO TO FRANCE, AND WHY IT HAS A TENDENCY TO GO TO AMERICA, Many persons have not unnaturally imagined that the immediate consequence of the anomalous operations of the Bank of France would be the withdrawal of gold from this country. They have seen that such was the immediate consequence upon former occasions, and they have hastily inferred that the present case would resemble the past in i this respect. A little examination, however, ahows that there was no ground for anticipating such a result. The proceedings of the Bank of Franco only amount in substance to their obtaining a loan in England. They obtain a credit with certain great houses here. These great houses are drawn upon, and the bills so created in one form or another, form an item in the general exchange account between France and England. The tendency of every such transaction must be towards the withdrawal of gold from England to France; but whether gold will actually flow from England to France, depends not upon this one item, but upon the state of the entire account. The balance of international claims is settled in bullion, but those claims are of very various kinds. The most important of all of them is now largely against France. The merchant-i of that country have bought corn largely in this market, and they have to pay for it. The balance of trade is consequently against France, and this is the pri:nary and most considerable element in all exchange transactions. Lirge and sudden purchases for the food of a people always exercise a much greater iufluence upon ex- change transactions than any other cause. They are an un- expected item of many millions in magnitude which neces- sarily deranges all previous anticipations, and makes the state of international accounts utterly different from what it would otherwise have been. It is certain, too, that France will have to settle with England not only for her purchases here, but for her purchases in America. The exchange market of France is usually limited, and now it is unusually contracted in its relations with America by the sudden annihilation of the export trade from France to that country. London is the groat centre of transactions with America, and as France cannot pay America directly, she must do so by credits upon us. The balance of payments arising out of the ordinary transaction of purchase and sale is therefore much against France, and in favour of England. Under these circumstances, the loan which the Bank of France has procured in this country counteracts in some measure the inevitable tendency of gold to leave France goiL'Oi-wviklJoiebu lYoiirfftniik tVriWffe. T. It may be alleged that, independently of any anomalous operation, the difference between the rates of interest in the two countries is enough to cause a transfer of capital from England to France. 'The Bank of England rate,' it may be said, • is 3i per cent.; the rate of the Bank of France is 6 per cent. This difference is sufficient to induce capital to migrate from England to France to secure the higher profits which it evidently obtains there.' But would capital so exported really obtain the profits which would appear to be forthcoming ? Certainly not. The sums remitted to France for investment would have to be invested in bills of exchange, or similar securities of a temporary nature. They can only be invested safely in securities becoming due at short periods, for the value of permanent securities never fluctuates in a degree pro- portioned to the temporary fluctuations in the momentary rate of interest. These securities in Paris do not now yield the full rate of the Bank of France, but often a less rate. The bankers of Paris are timid and inexperienced. They resemble certain country bankers in England, who continued to charge five per cent. when the Bank of England was charging eight per cent., and who gave only as much for money then as they do now. Accordingly, persons who are thinking of sending remittances to Paris could not be sure of getting six per cent. for it. It is the market rate which influences the transfer of capital from one country to another, for this is the rate which the capit.1 so exported will in fact obtain. There is another difficulty which recent events in England have brought strongly into view. There was at the time much controversy on the expediency of the course taken by the Bank of England early in the year, but it will now be generally conceded that the elevation of the rate of discount to eight per cent. had a far greater effect upon the move- ments of capital from other countries to this than previous steps in the same direction. This rate seemed to be effectual and sufficient, though previous rates had not seemed to be so. The reason is given in the following passage from a very excellent work on the Foreign Exchanges, to which we recently drew the special attention of our readers: Between the rates in London and Paris, the expense of sending gold to and fro having been reduced to a minimum between the two cities, the difference can never be very great; but it must not be forgotten that-the interest being taken at a percentage calculated per annum, and the pro- bable profit having, when an operation m three-month bills is contemplated, to be divided by four, whereas the per- centage of expense has to be wholly borne by the one tran saction-a very slight expense becomes a great impediment. If the cost is only 4 per cent., there must be a profit of 2 per cent. in the rate of interest, or j per cont. on three months, before any advantage commences and thus, sup- posing that Paris capitalists calculate that they may send their gold over to England for 4 per cent. expense, and chance their being so favoured by the exchanges as to be I able to draw it back without any cost at all, there must nevertheless be an excess of more than 2 per cent. in the Loudon rate of interest over that in Paris, before the opera- tion of sending gold over from France, merely for the sake of the higher interest, will pay. This is the simple expla- nation why a slight increase in the rate of discount is, under some circumstances,-that is to say, when there is not a great supply of bills upon England,—not sufficient to bring over gold from the Continent. It must reach a somewhat high point before the certain advantage begins; and hence it becomes clear that it is an error to allege that, if 6 per cent. will not bring over gold, 7 or 8 per cent., a mere fractional increase in an annual rate, will not have that effect any more. Yet the question was frequently asked, when the Bank rate of discount was advanced to 8 per cent, Is it likely that if 7 per cent. failed to bring over the gold, such a result will be attained by charging 1 per cent. more ? Yet the preceding observations place the matter, it is hoped, in a sufficiently intelligible light. The first tew per cents. do little more than cover the possible expenses of the trans- mission of bullion itself, a difference of 4 per cent. per annum on three-month bills being necessary to cover 1 per cent. expense but as soon as the charges (or the risk of charges), which are really almost identical with what is usually called the loss in exchange, are covered, then every additional per cent. which is granted as discount becomes an actual and certain profit; and accordingly, if gold is required, the rate of discount must be boldly advanced till that point is reached. To stop short of it may possibly be nugatory." Expense of transmission is a very heavy charge, when it is to be measured against a mere temporary profit for two or three months. There is, therefore, little cause for wondering why gold does not go to France from this country. The anomalous operations of the Bank of France have no magic power. They are at the best but a loan irregularly effected and to obtain real supplies, or even to counteract the neutral efflux of bullion from France at present, the Bank of France will again have to raise its rate, and the ordinary market must follow its movements and imitate its example. Exactly the reverse phenomena are taking place in our international transactions with America. The exports from America to all the rest of the world continue very large, and its imports from all the rest of the world are become comparatively trifling. We have not statistics for the whole ^raer'Ca' but for New York we have very ample ones. Tlhe exports of domestic produce from that port were in the first eight months of £ 167.981 8,667,981 1 1860 18,1,53,369 186 1 18,153,369 I-an increase of o per cent. over last year, and of more than I 100 per cent. over 1859. It is true that this vast increi s e" partially compensated by the almost entire cessation in the I export of specie and bullion, Taking all the necessary items into consideration, the entire account stands thus EXPORTS from New York to Foreign Ports for the Moih I of August. 1859 1860 186 £ j6 £ Domestic producc 1,158,910 1,802,883 2,117,7? Foreign merchandise (free) 81,309.. 17,US 13,(2 Foreign merchandise (dutiable) 177,895.. 43,036.. 39,71 Specie and bullion 1,442,201 1,677,333 8) Tottl exports 2,863,315 3,510,370 2,225,a Total, exclusive of specie 1,421,114 1,863,037 2,224,cl EXPORTS from New York to Foreign Ports for Eut Months from Jan. 1. 1859. 1860. 186 £ £ £ Lomestic proiuce 8,667,981.. 12,216,238.. 18,153, £ 9 Foreign merchandise (free) 481,456.. 435,711.. 437, £ 9 Foreign merchandise (dutiable) '?.? 632,821.. 791,174.. 872,Cl Specie and bullion ..11,173,224.. 8,009,674.. 734,43 Total exports 20,955,482.. 21,452,800.. 20,198,(2 Total, exclusive of specie 9,782,258.. 13,413,126.. 19,463,0 But if we turn to the table of imports, we have a decrete even more remarkable than the increase we have just cc- sidcred FOREIGN IMPORTS at New York in August. 1859. 1860. 186 £ £ £ Entered For con- sumption 4,143,647 4,402,052 755,91 For warehousing 666,909.. 941,122.. 598,63 Free goods 657.207 461,399.. 408,6) Specie and bullion.. 78,39-1.. 31,G6i.. 236,12 Total entered 5,546,157 5,836,242 1,999,33 FOREIGN IMPORTS at New York for Eight Mo?hs, frm January 1. 1859. 1860. 1861. £ £ £ Enered For con- sumption .29,683,627.. 26,610,810.. 1,674,113 For warehousing 5,889,105.. 6,651,032.. 7447.980 Free goods. 4,803,762.. 4,458,652., 4,966,693 Specie and bullion 371,137.. 200,686.. 7,640,037 Total entered.40.747,631.. 37,921,180..28,728,823 showing a reduction of more than 25 per cent n the total imports. If we look at the imports of manufacturers th difference is even more striking — IMPORTS of Foreign Dry Goods at New Yorl foP Eight Months.—For Consumption. 1859. 1860. 1861. £ £ £ Manufactures of Wool 5,933,245 5,388,458 1,415,854 Cotton 4,050,950 2.678,998 597.301 Silk 5,732,567 5,960,566 1,573,758 Flax 1,681,855 1,098,966 308,646 Miscellaneous. 941,634.. 968,031. 369,078 18,340,250 ..16,095,019 4,263,638 The Northern States of America are, then, t present, selling more than heretofore, and the whole Unioris buying less. If the matter rested there, it would seem e\dent that the balance must be paid by Europe in gold. Bulthe very peculiar policy of the Southern States must also b included in the account. They will not ship us cotton as uual this year, and no bills are drawn in anticipation of it, ccordiug to ordinary custom. Although, therefore, Ameica still continues to drain us of certain small quantities of gold, we must not suppose that she can deprive us of as muq as she did last year, or of anything like it.—Economist.

"h' vv "H" SCIENTIFIC NEWS. INCOMBUSTIBLE CLOTHES.—Mr. Versmann infoms us that Dr. M'Cormac, of Belfast, is incorrect in sayi g that sulphate of ammonia is quite applicable to the puoose of rendering clothes incombustible, and states that Dr Open- heim and himself, after many experiments at her M jesty's laundry at Richmond, arrived at the conclusion th t, for fabrics which require ironing after washing, tungsate of soda is the only salt which allows the iron to go s niothly over the cloth. The sulphate of ammonia may b3 u.ed in manufactures. ANCIENT BRITISH "BEEHIVE" CAVES. -In a note in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal Mr. It. E.lm 'LŒ states that, having heard that an ancient cave had been opened in the neighbourhooj of Chapel Euny, on thE west of Penzance, he proceeded at once to the spot, an< observed that the innermost part of it was in the form of a beehive, and so built that each successive layer of stones projected considerably over the layer next below it. This lid him to suspect a similar overlapping of the layers forning the walls of the longitudinal cave at Chyoyster On visiting it he found it to be the case. The exposed pat of the latter cave is internally about 4ft. wide at the roof, and the highest layer of stones which supports the massive slabs (5ft. or 6ft. long) forming the roof projects over tht lowest layer- now in sight about a foot on each side in a depth of 3ft. perpendicularly. The cave, probably used as a store- house, would have been 6ft. high, 4ft. wide at the top, and 8ft. wide at the bottom. It appears to have been built on the natural surface of the hillside, and then covered over with atones and earth and planted with the evergreens j which still abound there. riW"number of the Proceedings or the Royal Society. He states that the usual division of the varieties of tannin into two kinds-those which give black and those which give green precipitates with salts of iron, is still well founded and that these genera consist of a great variety of species. He especially describes experi. menti on the tannin obtained from sumach, Chinese gills and tea, acorns, and the barks of the oak and larch. The tannin of green and black tea is invariably accompanied by a small quantity of gallic acid, which does not arise from the decomposition of the tannin, as is the ca. e with nat- galls, sumach, or Chinese galls On treating a strong de- coction of tea, when cold, with nearly half its bulk of sulphuric acid, the tannin falls a dark browu precipitate. Thii is collected on a cloth filter, strongly compressed, ard washed with a little cold water to free it as much as possible from adhering impurities. This precipitate when boild with dilute sulphuric acid does not yield a trace of grape sugar or gallic acid, but is changed into a dark brown substance insoluble in water It dissolves pretty freely in alcohol, forming a dark brown solution, from which, how- ever, no crystals can be obtained. LIGHTNING FIGURES.—It is often stated that treelike figures have been found on the bodies of men and animals struck by the electric fluid. In 1857 M. Andreas Poey, of the Observatory at tho Havanuah, brought the subject under the notice of the British Association. He stated, among many other cases, that in August, 1853, a little girl was standing at a window before which stood a young maple- tree, "a complete image of which was found impressed on her body after a flash of lightning." The subject has been recently examined by Mr. C. Tomlinson, of King's College, who has contributed a paper on it to the Edinburgh Philo- sophical Journal. He gives an account of experiments, during which he discharged a Leyden jar on plates of window-glass previously breathed on, whereby various tree. like figures were produced, and in a woodcut he exhibits one exceedingly like a gnarled oak. His theory is, that the impressions referred to above are produced by the figures which the lightning itself assumes in striking the earth, &c. M. Poey would refer their production to photography, in which lightning is the efficient agent instead of the sun. M. Baudin proposes a new term for the branch of science which is to include them-viz., keraunography (from keraunos, Greek for thunder). In a postscript Mr. Tomlinson states that Mr. C. Pooley, of Weston-super-Mare, informed him that some time ago, on examining a tree that had been stripped of its bark by a. stroke of lightning, he found the inner surface of the bark to contain ramified impressions of the lightning cor- responding with those described in his paper, adding that specimens of the bark were forwarded to Professor Faraday, and are now in the museum of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Ireland. The Kjokkenmoddings of Denmark form the subject of all interesting article by Mr. John Lubbock, F.R.S., in the new number of the Natural History Review. The term (derived from Jcjkoken, kitchen, and modding, a refuse-heap) is popularly applied to the very interesting ancient deposits from which an immense number of archaeological and natural-history specimens have been obtained, and placed in the celebrated Museum of Northern Antiquities at Conenhaeen. In common with other countries, of late years much attention has been bestowed on Danish archaeology in connection with geology. The extensive peat-bogs are said to swarm with antiquities; and Professor Steenstrup (well known for his work on The Alternation of Generations") estimates that every column of peat 3ft. square contains some specimen of ancient workmanship. Mr. Lubbock gives a succinct account of the results of the investigations of Danish archaeologists. With regard to the kjkokenmoddings, he informs us that a committee (con- sisting of thrae eminent men—Steenstrup, the naturalist; Warijaae, the aratimologist; and Forchhammer, the geolo- gist) have examined them with the hanniest results, and thousands of specimens have been collected ticketed, and deposited in the museum, which has been formed-almost created-by Professor Thomsen. Mr. Lubbock having seen the flint instruments found in France, in the collection of M. Boucher de Perthes, and desiring to compare them with those found in Denmark, was so fortunate as to induce Mr. G. Busk to ajcompany him on a visit to that country. In visiting the ancient dustheaps they were favoured with the guidance of Professors Thomsen and Steenstrup. Many specimens of mollusca, testacea, crustacea, mammals, and fish were collected. Of human implements they discovered flint axes, saws, chisels, &c., and small pieces of coarse pottery, &c. Numerous human skeletons were found in tumuli tile skulls were round, resembling those of the Laps. Mr. Lubbock considers that the country must have been inhabited several thousand years before the Christian era. He adds that no flint implements have yet been found in Denmark resembling those occurring in the drift near Abbeville and Amiens. Not only does the difference in workmanship, but also the absence of any trace of the elephant and rhinoceros with the human remains in Denmark, and their well attested presence in France in the same strata with the flint implements tend to prove the greater antiquity of the latter. In a plate Mr. Lubbock figures both Danish and French specimens.

HOLLOWAY'S OINT:fENT.-Skin Diseases are the most difficult of all complaints to classify or prescribe for but for that species of dry, cracked, rough blotch, always pre- valent in autumn, when the chills of morning and evening warn us of the approach of winter, and abruptly check the free circulation through the capillaries, so essential to health and beauty during the summer, Professor Holloway has discovered a never-failing remedy. Any sceptic may test its value by a few days' trial, and his decision will be unqualified commendation, if he faithfully follows the directions laid down for the use of this Ointment in this annoying disorder. It acts by quickening the circulation through the most minute vesser. oqf uickening the eirculatiou

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE The whole amount of tho duty charged on hops, the growth of the year 1861, is £ 149,610. The erection of a new General Post O.Tice, Edinburg, will A vault is now being constructed in the cemetery, Chel- tcnll un, tho cost of which will be £ 1,000. The passage from lloulogne to Folkestone was made by the Victoria packet on Friday in the unprecedented time of eighty-six minutes. The report of the commissioners on popular education states that all the young female inmates of the Maryle- bone workhouse became prostitutes. The two men and the svoman who lately robbed an En- lish cattle dealer at Falkirk Tryst of X2,52,5 were captured at Southampton on Friday. Mr Abbott, steward to the Earl of Aylesford, was a few days ago accidentally shot by his nephow while in pursuit of game near Maidstone. Not. the slightest hopes are enter- tained of his recovery. The statement of the Government having stopped the issue of the 100-pouuder Armstrong gun u incorrect, and arises from misapprehension of a circumstance in nowise afffcting the merit of these guns.- Globe. The corn merchants of Gloucester are exporting corn in large quantites to France, and, curiously enough, some of the cargoes consist of corn imported from France in our time of need last year. The Prince Napoleon and Princess Clotildo have been invited on a Ion' vi,it to Compeigne, with the view of dis- pelling the rumours of a misunderstanding between the Emperor and the Prince. Mr. Russell, the Times correspondent, having gone out shooting on a Sunday, near a town in the West, an infor- mation was laid against him by a Yankee for desecrating the Sabbath, and he was justly fined thirty dollars. Stowe House, of historic memory, is now again occupied, the Dowager Duchess of Buckingham, and the present Duchess, having, much to the joy of the neighbourhood, again taken up their residenco in their ancestral hal!s. A man named Michael Cuningham, residing in Bombay- street, Leeds, died on Saturday from the effects of a dnse of nitric acid which had been administered to him by a shopkeeper in mistake for a mixture for the relief of the toohtache. Mr. Wnitw rth's piece of ordnance having been destroyed at the thirteenth round at the proof cell, Woolwich, that gentleman has notified to the select Ordnance Committee that he has given up all hope of making a breech-loader on his plan. The magistrates for the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland have decided to inform the Home Secretary that in their opinion it is not expedient to increase the labours of the county police by imposing upon them the duty of collecting agricultural stalitics.-Newellstle Chron- iele. Captain Geddes, of the 4th Manchester Volunteers, has invented a new tent, designed to enable volunteers to en- camp next year without Government assistance. By this I new method bell-tents can be made to accommodate ten men, each man having a space of 4ft. 3in. The tent is per- I fectly light and cheerful inside, and the weight is only 501b. The Paris correspondent of the Daily News says-It is stated that the Empress has addressed a most affectionate letter to the Mayoress, to thank her for the invitation to herself and the Emperor, to visit the Universal Exhibition in London, next May. It does not appear whether or not the invitation has been accepted. j The Liverpool Mercury says—" It is positively stated that Mr. T. B. Horsfall intends to retire from the represen- ? tation of Liverpool at the dissolution of Parliament, and to become a candidate for one of the divisions of Warwick- f shire whilst Mr. J.A. Tobin and Mr. S.R. Graves are to i be brought forward as the Tory candidates for the represen- tation of the good old town." The following distinguished personages were invested by I her Majesty with the order of the Star of Iniia at Windsor I on Saturday .-The Prince Consort, Prince of Wales, General j Gould, Lords Harris and Clyde, Maharajah Dhulup Singh, Sir John Lawronce, and Sir George Pollock. The august ceremonial was attended by all the ministers and officers of state, and was one of great magnificence. A young man who was about being married, presented him F. elf to the priest for confession. He appeared rather embarrassed, and did not know how to proceed to enumerate his errors. "Come," said the father kindly, do you ever i tell falsehoods ?" Father, I am not a lawyer," proudly replied the young man—" Did you ever steal ? father, I am not a iiiereliaiit. Y ou have not committed murder "I am a doctor," conscientiously replied the penitent, castisg down his eyes. The most satisfactory results having accrued from the practice introduced some time sin:e at AMershott cimp of employing the troops in killing and preparing the IDe It daily required for the camp, the authorities have decided on discontinuing the contract system at the expiration of tho present engagements, when the supply of meat will he undertaken by the commissari at department, the blasts and sheep being killed on premises belonging to the govern- ment. AMERICAN UNDERTAKERS.—ANO.v York conespoudent says that there is great competition among American coffin makers to get a contract from the War Department to send home in sealed coffins all the officers that are killed, and to bury them. OX-TAIL SOUP. -Prior to 168-5, the butchers of London, in disposing of bullocks' hides to the fell mongers, were accustomed to leave on the tails. The French refugees, however, bought them up and introduced into use that nutritious dish called ox tail soup. | EDUCATION.—Education is a companion that no misfor- tune can depress, no clime distroy, no enemy alienate, no solnce. It chastens vice, guides virtue, and gives at once grace and government to genius. Without it what is man ?-a splen- did slave, a reasoning saTage, vacillating between the dignity of an intelligence derived from God and the degra- dation of passions participated by brutes.—S.T. Coleridge. Mr. Edmund Potter, the Liberal candidate for the seat in the representation of Carlisle rendered vacant by the death of Sir James Graham, on Thursday issued his address to the electors. He is an advocate for the repeal of the church rates, and for peace and non-intervention, and is anxious that the extension of the suffrage should keep pace with the intelligence of the people. Mr. Nicholas Hodgson, to whom a requisition is on foot to come forward as a Conser- vative candidate, is in the field. Mr. G. F. Arnold, builder, and a member of the Town Council of St. Albans, has been committed for trial at the next assizes for perj ury. An action had been tried in Lon- don between Mr. Proctor and Mr. Arnold, when the lalt, r obtained a verdict, and with it the costs of the trial. It was necessary that an affidavit should be sworn to, in order to secure some of the costs; and it was alleged that Mr. Ar- hold swore in it that he paid several witnesses certain sums for their attendance in London, which he in reality had not done. At the Southwark Police-court there was a complaint lodged against a loan association in the Borough. The St. George's Advance Fund, it seem-f, advertises largely in country districts that they are willing to lend money on reasonable terms; but it application for a loan is made it is met by a demand for the payment of the first year's in- terest in advmice and if the borrower is weak enough to comply, there is an end of the matter so far as the borrower is concerned. The magistrate explained that the only reme- dy for this practice was publicity. On Thursday the streets of Worcester were traversed by a monster steam cultivator engine, provided with locomo- tive power for common roads. It ptoceeded at a steady pace, one horse being attached for steering purposes, but not for draught. It is a traction and cultivating engine, intended to ba worked on the estate of A. H. R yd, E-q., of Crown East near Worcester, and was manufactured by Mr Samuel Barnish, of Rochdale The engine is 7 tons 17 cwt, when the boiler is full, without the tender, and is capable of travelling from three to four miles an hour. It burns about 6 cwt. of coal a day. LORD CLARENCE PAGET. -It is not generally known that Lord Clarence Paget is on board the Warrior He will retui r. in time for the Lord AL-iyor s b&iiQuotj and it is ii ) t improbable he will on that occasion give the world a few words about the powers of the iron vessel upon the perform- ance of which, as the first of a great experiment, so much depends.— Court Journal. THE FIRST SNOW OF THE SEASON.—On Saturday morn- ing, between seven and eight, snow fell in London and in places at a good distance. The flakes were very large and the snow continued to fall for half an hour, but it soon dis- appeared from off the ground, although it remained on the house-tops for several hours. The previous niht had been very cold, and such continued to be the case even after the snow had fallen. Saturday continued very cold, as did Sun- day, although the wind was not so bitter as the previous day. The changes of wind during this time Were con- siderable. LOOKING ROUN D AND TALKING IN THE RANKS.— j Hold your tongue and dress in bhck" was the adviie given by his late master to the groom, who, having come into a fortune," was desirous of passing for a gentleman. In like manner it may be said to the volunteers, *1 If you wisu to be like soldiers, you must hold your tongues, and look to your front." Who has not remarked how slight a cause will make the mon took round," even when in line, and at attention." And also, what a buzz of conversation is frequently heard, when all should be as silent as the grave. L >ok to your front, gentlemen, pray look to your front," and Do keep silence, if you please, gentlemen," are exhortations so constantly made, and so sadly disregard- ed, that it is difficult to account for this unsoldierlike want of discipline. It is much to be hoped that this laxity will disappear from the ranks of all corps which have any pretensions to superiority, and their example will soon be followed by the rest. Correspondent in Volunteer Service Gazette. THE REPRESENTATION OF CARLISLE.—Mr. W. Nichol- son Hodgson (Conservative), of Newby Grange, who was formerly one of the members of Carlisle, and who at the last general election unsuccessfully contested a seat with Mr. W. Lawson, issued an address to the electors late on Thursday night. Mr. Hodgson, after stating that previous to the late Sir J. Graham's funeral he abstained, out of respect to his memory, from any public act or movement, proceeds to say, I am not a stranger brought from a dis- tance to bid for your votes by extravagant professions which those who make them seldom wish for in their hearts, and never expect to see realized. I reside among you, and there- fore am well known to you all. Your interests are my inter- ests your welfare is my most earnest desire." In the present transition state of parties" he will not give random pledges, abstaining from this sort of parade on principle. If elected, he will go to the consideration of the questions that may be submitted to Parliament with an unprejudiced mind, and, while watching over the safety of our constitu- tutional establishments and privileges, he will -1 neglect no opportunity of improving the one or prudently extending the others." The address proceeds :—" The political course is unprecedentedly clear there is little to agitate about most of the mere party questions are disposed of, or in abey- ance. One of the main points at present is the public ex- penditure, and I am an advocate for keeping that at the lowest point, consistently with the maintenance of the safety and honour of the country. Peace and non-intervention are our true policy I will uphold both to the utmost of my power. That which is passing on the other side of the Atlantic is a warning in many senses by which we ought to profit." The weekly increasing claimants on the parish funds at Birmingnam foreshadows a severe winter for the p:>or, and no inconsiderable pressure oil the pockets of ratepiyers. According to the return for the week ending October Li), the total increase wag no less than 3,875. A MYSTERIOUS MISSION.—The commander of the iron- cased frigate La Gloire has received orders t> prepare to proceed on a mission of which the nature is unknown, and to receive on bo:ud five passengers whose names arj nm giveii. jI THE AMERICAN BLOCKADE-We have the b?st source of information to warrant us in positively assserting that as the last Cabinet Ciuncil the question of the propriety ) f breaking the blockade of the South American ports was discussed, when it was agreed that no countenance could be gi ven to such a REPRODUCTION OF BONE.-At the sitting of the French Academy of Sciences, Dr. Maisonneuvre communicated six new cases of sub-periostic section of bones. The first was that of a YOlJog woman of twenty-two, attacked with mortification of the diaphysis of the tibia. The piece of bone extracted was twenty-eight centimetres (nearly a foot) in length; periosteum was preserved. The operation was effected on the 3rd of July last, and on the 1.5th of Septem- ber the patient left the hospital with her leg as strong as ever. The second case was that of a girl of sixteen, who for the last eighteen months had been suffering Irom the caiies of the fifth metacarpian, and who, on the advice of the schoolrnastrr of her village, had come to Paris from the department of the Ardennes to have a new bone put in (iuch vas lier own expres-ioii). The diseased bone was ex- i tirpated, the poriostism being preserved as usual, and after twenty-eight days the patient went away perfectly cured, the bone having been completely reproduced within 'hat short period. MARRIAGES IN ENGLAND.—The number of persons married in the spring quarter was 83,932. The marriage rate was 168 to 10,000 of the population, which is less by two than the average, and less by eight than the annual number married in the same quarter of last year, when as is shown by the returns of the Poor-law Board, the labour- ing class were in a more thriving condition. By surveying the eleven great divisions of England, as these are con- stituted in the tables, and with reference to their several contributions to the marriage list, this result will be dis- covered—that there was a decrease of marriages last spring as compared with the same period of 18G0 in all of these divisions except two. The south-eastern counties, espe- cially Surrey, maintained a fair proportion; and in the northern counties there was a fair manifest increase Durham, Sunderland, Gateshead, Tynemouth, and Carlisle were in a prosperous condition, if, as may be presumed, the willingness in the unmarried to form the marriage relation, and a confidence in their ability to undertake its respon- sibilities, be the test of prosperity in England.-Registrar Crenerat. ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE.—The following prefer- ments and appointments have been recently made Archdeaconry: Rev. H. P. Wright, to the archdeaconry of Columbia. -Rectory Rev. E. N. Mangin, to the rectory of Howick, Northumberland. Curacies, &c.: Rev. J. C. Blenkarne, to the curacy of Great Euston, Essex; Rev. T. P. Browning, to the curacy of Newton-upon-Ouze, York- shire Rev. T. Clapp, to the curacy of Stone, Staffordshire Rev. M. A. Pierpoint, to the curacy of St. John, Cardiff, Rev. R. Wright, to the curacy of St. Peter, Cheltenham Rev. G. Edgcome, to the perpetual curacy of Penwerris, Cornwall; Rev. G. W. Herbert, to the perpetual curacy of St. Peter, Vauxhall, Lambeth, Surrey; Rev. J. J. Carne, to the perpetual cutacy of Merther, Cornwall; Rev. W. Rees, to the perpetual curacy of Bettws, Carmarthenshire Rev. R. R"e, te the perpetual curacy of St, John, Work- ington, Cumberland Rev. F. Whitfield, to the perpetual curacy of Kirby, liavensworth, Yorkshire; Rev. S. B. Burrell, to be chaplain of Christ Church, Cawnpore; Rev. F. H. Gray, to a chaplaincy, King's College, Cam- bridge; Rev. J. H. Roberts, to tho second mastership of the Grammar School, Nottingham. MURDER AND SUICIDE BY A MOTHER AT MYTHOLMROYD, On Friday, at midday, a most awful tragedy was perpetrated at Hill House, Wadsworlh, Mytholmroyd, by a married woman, named Greenwood, wife of Air. Greenwood, farmer. The following area few of the particulars. It appears that during the forenoon Mr. Greenwood had gone to Mytholm- royd with the week's butter, and while away liii wife cut the ttiroa. of her little daughter, about five years age, after which she cut her own throat and ran out bleeding profusely into the house of a neighbour, named Sutclifle, and then ran back into her own house. She still had the razor in her hand. Sutcliffe took it from her, and the mother pointed to a child in an adjoining room, with its head almost severed from its body. It would seem she had had two razors at work one was also lying on the table, opposite the looking-glass covered with blood, along with two empty razor cases. The house presented more the appearance of a slaughter-house than a human dwelling such was the quantity of blood on the floors. The little girl's hands were tied with a shred of cotton lining. Mrs. Greedwood Ind be.?n in a deponding st Ite of mind for some time, but not so as to cause much alarm. Mrs. Greenwood was still being attended by Dr. Fielden and Howard, but no hopes are entertained of her recovery. Our correspondent adds, in a postscript, Since the above was written it is reported that Mrs. Greenwood is dead also. THE NEW GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA.-—A greater complication of perplexities and d infers never before greeted -a young aspirant trying his 'prentice hand at government for the first time. There is the hatred of the American, which he must guard against, and yet not provoke; there is the abolitionism of the colonists, which he must humour and yet curb and there is the changeful 1 policy of his chiefs at home, to which he must be always ready, at the first hint, to adapt to his own. Colonel Rill kin's efearubas" hr ¡;Xrà3ivé1'âiú'rë 1;;p ihe': mteri:ii ove;"whih Lord Monok will have to watch. Nothing is more diffieult than to preserve at once the inaction and the immunities of a nutual in the immediate neighbourhood of two em- bittered combatants. All along the enormous frontier of the valley of the St. Lawrence, and throughout the whole expanse of the ocean in which the rival privateers are eruising and Canadian vessels may be trading, occasions for dispute and provocation to collision will be constantly occurring. Having shaken off the trammels of their own municipal law, the Americans are not likely to be squeamish in observillg the precepts of international law to a nation which they hate so bitterly as our own. Lord Monck may at any time be called upon to decide, almost on the spur of the moment, that most difficult of all questions- whether a national insult or injury should be noticed or ignored ? His Government, at a month's distance will be too late to undo his acts if he has resented too promptly or yielded too meanly. We earnestly hope that in such a predicament he will make a wiso decision but his training for the position is not reassuring.—Saturday I Review. A WOMAN OF EIGHTY WALKING FROM LONDON TO CORNWALL.—On Monday an old woman, named Vance, of Penzance, applied to the mayor, at the Guildhall, Exeter, for assistance. Mr. Superintendent Steel stated that she was eighty years old, and had lived for some time with her daughter, who had a large family in London, but as her daughter could not maintain her, the old lady resolved to revisit the home of her youth -Penzance, and set off on this long journey, on foot, in the second week of October. After fourteen days' walk she arrived at Exeter, and now made her application to the mayor for a trifle to help her on the road to Plymouth. She is short and stout, but bears her head bravely. In answer to the mayor, she said that she was 80 on the 18th of last month. The mayor exclaimed, Well done, you bear it nobly." In reply to further questions, she said that she had been a widow 15 years. The mayor directed that a half-crown | should be given to this Cornish prodigy, and the old lady. curtsied, saving that she had received great friendship" in Exeter. Iflestei-n Times. A MYSTERIOUS tt[NG.-The London correspondent of the .Bc?Mi' News Ze«?' tells this story -On Tuesday a well- known auctioneer of Bond-street submitted for sale, by auction, a quantity of miscellaneous property, received from the country." The sale included a library of books, sonn costly furniture, a quantity of plate, and several articles of personal jewellery. The effects were evidently of 'Viie effects were eilident',y of a very superior description, and must have belonged to persons of some social position. Amon^ the lots was a ring, described in the catalogue ai 11 an ancient gold ring, set with diamonds." The upper part of the ring was oblong in form, and the diamonds were set in a hard enamelled substance, made to represent emerald. The intrinsic value was said to he about tl2 or £1W, Several persons present bid for tho ring until the price wont up to f:15, when two gentlemen were observed to bid against each other with greit pertinacity until it reached one hundred and seventy guineas. The secret history of tho ring did not transpire, and the auctioneer very properly declined to give the name of the owners of the property. DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION. TEN* PERSONS KILLED AND FIVE INJURED.—A colliery explosion, causing the deaths of no less than ten persons, and the serious and probably fatal injury to five others, took place on Friday morning, at tho Prince Albert pit, Shevington, belonging to Messrs. J. Tayleure and Co., a colliery situated about four miles from Wigan, aud at which the Arley mine is worked. The pit is about 260 yards deep, and on the south side of the workings twenty men were employed. At half- past nine on Saturday morning the poor fellows were startled by a loud explosion of fire damp, which seemed to take place nearer the shaft than where most of them were work- ing. Many of them were soverely scorched, but a large number succeeded in escaping the fire, and pushed on to the pit's eye. In this effort many were successful, but ten others, some without a burn upon them, and other-: with faces scorched beyond recognition, were met by the after-damp, which struck them down one by one. Information of the explosion was soon conveyed above ground, and whilst the struggle for life was taking place below, Mr. Makniion, the manager, and Mr. Close, the fireman, were descending the shaft and making the necessary preparations for examining the workings. At the head of a searching party, the two men we have mentioned were shortly pushing their way up the south side of the mine. About one-half of the mon were met as the party proceeded, some few unscathed, but others frightfully disfigured. All who were alive were got out and provided with medical assistance, and the search for those who, it was feared, were now beyond human aid, was continued with vigour. Soon the bodies of four were discovered; but the choke-damp prevented the remainder being reached till half-past three in the afternoon. Not one of the dead men was found in his working place. All were making their way out when struck down, and two, a father and his son, had evidently mistaken the road. The spot where the gas was ignited would be about 300 yards from the pit shaft, and the furthest bodies would be about 400 yards away. The scene as the bodies were brought to I the surface was most heartrending. The low moaning in which the gnef of bereaved mothers and wives found vent was sufficient to melt the stoutest heart, seconded, as it was, by the sorrow too deep for words of many a strong man m the throng near the pit. The bodies themselves ■ present a most appalling spectacle, identification now being, III some instances, almost impossible. Another eir- cumstance which has tended to deepen the gloom hanging over the neighbourtiood is the death of the wife ot oni of the unfortunate sufferers. She had been to Wigan to market, and had left home in the morning before the accident. On her return she is said to have died a few minutes after the information was conveyed to her. Mr. Tayleure was at the colliery during the greater part of the day, and Mr. Daglish, of Wigan, attended to the sufferers. WILLS AND BEUUESTS.—The will of Lady Williams, relict of the Hon, Sir John William Williams, Knt., one of the Justices of the Court of Queen's Bench, was proved in London on the 21st ult. by the Hon. and Rev Ilervey C. Jhgot, fllld J ames Lman, Esq., of Lincoln's inn-fields, the execu'ors and trustees, the personalty boin4 sworn under £ 90,000. The will was executed in 18G0, aud attested by J. Coutts Antrobus and 11. N. Taylor, to which are added two codicils. This lady—who was the only daughter of the late D. Davenport, Esq., M.P., of Capesthorn Hall, Cheshire, survived her husband for a lengthened period, and attained to the age of seventy at the time of her decease -has left a large fortune, both real and personal. We infer that her Ladyship had no children, as she has bequeathed her property amontrst her nieces, her nephew, personal friends, and others. To three nieces a legacy of CID,000 is bequeathed equally amongst them one of these iadies, Caroline, taking also a life interest in an estate at Anshw, Staffordshire. To her nephew, W. Davenport Bromley, Esq, her Ladyship has devised the estate of Anslow on the decease of her niece Caroline, leaving him also a legacy of £ 6000. To all the above parties various rticles of jewellery, &c., are bequeathed. To the rTon. Georgiana Moutgomerie is bequeathed a legacy of tt5,000, together with her Ladyship's mansion in Grosvcnor-square, the residue of the jewellery, and some other effects. To Miss Margaret Coutts, daughter of the late Sir Coutts Trotter, £G600. The testatrix has left to her servants very liberal annuities and legacies, free of legacy duty, and tho following cbaritahle bequests, also to be paid free of legacy duty — £ 100 to Dr. Quiu's Homoeopathic Hospital, £ -50 to the poor of Cap sthorne and other places in Cheshire, X-50 to the poor of Anslow, Staffordshire, and t50 to the poor of St. George's, Hanover-squ He.- The will of Lieut.-Colonel Francis Russell, of her Majesty's Indian Army, was proved in London on the 8th ult. by his relict, Mrs. Anna Russell, the sole executrix. It bears date in 1852, and the Colonel died at Madras on the 15th of April last. This sfficer, who appears to have died in the discharge of hia military duties, has by his will, which is singularly short and concise, left all his property to his relict, observing that he bequeaths it for her use and the use of our children." This gallant officer held the commission of a captain in the India mili- tary service at the time of making his will, and attained to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel at the period of his decease.—The will of John Thorogood, Esq., of Maida- hill, St. John'a-wood, was proved on the 21st ult. by the executors and trustees, William Liveing, Esq. (the testa- tor's brother-in-law), the Rev. John Ambrose, and John Thompson, Esq., Lincoln's-inn-fields. Mr. Thorogood, who died on the 29th of September last, a widower, had exe- cuted his will in 18-58, bequeathing his estate, consisting of leasehold and house property, money, &c., with the excep- tion of a few legacies to some relatives and personal friends, between his sister-in-la*v, Mrs. Louisa Living, and his niece, Mrs. Elizabeth Ihorogood Ambrose, under certain directions, appointing these two ladies residuary legatees. There are legacies left to his servants, and to his faithful housekeeper a weekly allowance for life, with some furni- ture; a lso a legacy of £ 50 to the Girls' School of Industry, Church-street, Paddington. THE STORY OF MR. WILLIAM MAGAN AND ELLEN MILES.—The Sherborne Journal of the 31st ult. completes the love story of which Mr. Willam Magan, an Irish gen- tleman and lately a member of Parliament, and Aliss Miles are the hero and heroine. Our readers will remember, says the journal, some two years ago, an action for breach of promise of marriage, at Bristol, which, falling at a very dull time of year, was made the most of by the Bristol papers In commercial language, they discounted" the trial before it arrived at maturity, and after they had whetted the public appetite for several days with anticipa- tory allusions to the wealth of the bridegroom, the beauty of the bride, and the long array of love letters, expectation was disappointed by a comproruise-the defendant consent- ing to a verdict against him for C2,000, and the plaintiff agreeing to deliver up his love letters." The parties to this suit were Miss Ellen Miles, daughter of a fishmonger in this town, and Mr. Magan, an Irish gentleman. Many pooh-poohed the idea of X2,000 being paid others thought the gentleman must be a poor one; but the facts are beyond dispute that the money was paid, and invested with allleal security and form for Miss Ellen's benefit, and that the defendant was an Irish Member of Parliament, who had previously married the daughter of an earl! Mr. Win. lleury Magan, formerly member for Westineatli, and son of the late Mr. Wm. Henry Magan, of Clonearl, King's County, was a cornet in the 9th Lancers, and after- wards a captain in the 4th Light Dragoons, and whilst doing duty with his regiment at Dorchester, ne bocame acquainted with many persons in the county town who may still call him to mind. Miss E. Miles was assistant at Swan and Edgar's when she formed the acquaintance of Mr. Magan, aud it would sporn that in the correspondence which was carried on between the parties marriage was promised—at all events, Mr. Magan, who knew as well as any one what his letters contained, consented to pay £ 2,000 for the pri. vilege of burning them. We may here state that, by a very singular coincidence, tile writer of this article haP' pened to be at the house of a friend in an assize town in the West of England (not Bristol) just before the case was heard of in public. The frieni, desiring to show him some curious engravings, took him over his lioue, and, pointing to a large bundle of papers on a table, There is a brief in a breach of promise caso, containing all the love letters" It afterwards transpired that these were the letters to which so costly a price was attached, and it is not a little strange that, jealously guarded as they afterwards wertJ, they should unconsciously have been placed within tile power of observation of a person who, living in the same town as the plaintiff, had, coming from a distance, h'P" ponod to alight oa th.Om II! WJi,:h ber" d. ence lay The case became a "nine days' wonder, a ,1 iil then was forgotten. A couple of yeirs after, it may be, tb f ..1t:: scene, on the 24th Of August Mr. William Henry Magan, of Clones.) Ireland, is united in the holy bomts of matrimony, at Yeovii cr.vch^ to Miss Emma Miles, of Sherborne. Now comes the last" sad scene of all our Journal of to-day announces the death of Mr. Magan, at Weymouth—a month after hia romantic marriage. We are sorry to add that there is but too much reason to fear that he fell a victim to an exce craving; for ardent spirits. After staying some little time at Sherborne, where his conduct was certainly not that of total abstainer, he and his wife went off to Weymouth, an took up their abode at the Victoria Hotel, from whence b6 removed into private lodingi, and died the day after he entered them, at the early age of 43. His body was takoll to Dublin on Monday for interment. We understand that although the Captain," as he was called, died embaf rassod, and indeed was about to compound with his creùÜOl'iI, his carriago and horses having been sold under an exe- cution, yet that his mother is possessed ot consider, bll property, and that the wife of a mouth will find her widow" iiood solaced by an income of £600 a year. ADVICE TO INVALIDS.—Few persons to whom medici^ are prescribed consider the infinite importance of obtai'?? those of the purest and best quality, whence they arc ft ea ?rcatlydisappointfd,ifnot seriously injured. Thisre'?? applies very forcibly to a remedial agent of wondei emcacy—Cod Liver Oil—which, when of the right ki'? and quality, rarey fails in p..?deing the most bnccil res'Its- Numerous kinds and vane lies. however, arc lndlSCrlrnlna\i supplied, ?ithdittercot and uncertain e!fects; and, for this reason. Dr. de Jongh's Light-Brown Cod Liver Oit?"? generally recommended by the Faculty, on account ot.? uniform purity and unvarying pxceHence. This ha? b<' noticed, in the most favourable manner, by many em"? physicians, amongst whom may be reek?ned Dr. CO"' tl9 Senior Physician to the Hoval Berkshire Hospital, v ho expresses himself in the following terms:—Dr. Co?"? glad to find that the Profesiion has some reason3 guarantee for a genuine article. The material now soId varies in almost every establishment where it is purch?.? and a tendency to prefer a colourless and tasteless ?'" if not counteracted, W)ll ultimateiy jeopardize the r.'put???„ of an unquestionably valmble addition to the MatC1' Medica. Dr. Cowan wishes Dr. de Jongh every success 1 his meritorious undertaking." D);STRUCT[VM IXL-\UA.T[0\.? 1? FnAXCR—ExteH? inundations have taken place in the neighbourhood ofr £ >jJ (Tarn). O'ting to extraordinarily heavy rains, ?. t! IJt A?out, four mornings back, began rising very rapid'f-g^( Bressac, anJ having before long overflowed its banks c' Lrrie way a spinning manufactory and a mill, both of Which stood on its hanks. Part of the materials of these c di aceo were driven by the current against a bridge, and PresSe& 8 violently on it that after a while it gave way. NI 31 houses in the town were inundated, and among thena thp,? of the mayor. The waters ent"red the lattor so r?11)-' dif that the chief m-?istrate and h? family hai to escape I)Yii window. Two of the houses and S0mo buildings were 8l,v,ept away, anJ others sustained serious damage. AH*10A, many person'! were in imminent danger, no life vas lost, At many other placs the suae river overflowed, !ln di,l gre,H damage. At Valve and Luzieres, bridges were illi" redf and in the latter village part of a mill was washed iliyl At Labe?onieSL"'eral trees were uprooted, R)equ<'?'.j,? was cl)mJletly inundated, and the witers rnsh;d into the church with such rapidity that an agad priest Vrt'o ii celebrating m?sa vo?ild probably have been dro,v,le (1, „ir^ ?endtrme had not carried him off on his back. '\v A' caught by the waters in a field had to climb up a  c- BerLt two houses were carried away, and a number 0 f nth<'??' ?) g as also several manuf,ctories. sustained grievOUs dataige. At Castresa itself, 8Üx, Vielmur, and some other 1) laccil there wore inundations, but no great damage waadoO??it!% to timniy precautions having been taking PrAl TBACHrG-Orrue's Free School at ?'*?? under-Lyne, founded about a century a''o, and en ,vc with land whi?h has greatly increased iu value, ?''?ptt'<l the attention of Mr. Coode in the course of t'? gceO? education inquiry owing to his learning tha???g?u?? edue,iti,)ti inquiry t,) his learni ,4 that P3 r,tieg lieep their bo),s at this for s?)mf,. years s {i}( to could earn waes, aud in fact, make greater sac!'l C for :J obtain this gratut.us education than those ??' fjr shorter time, provide the school fees at other school'. fb,3 aecretof this was found to be that the mMter d ?,,Otegiii4 Of t' ,)I't.4 to giviti1, 1 a ttior,)u,hly an,[ unpretcntioas V,09' eftort.s to giving a thoroughly plain an t unpretcnti ?E''? lish education, consisting of the acquisition of 0^cr 0 audible and clear reading, good plain Vrltln6 ,fr,)rll dic t'i tion, and a ready and rapid UH of the rules and P nracti^V£ commercial arithmetic. The plain, b'trea?gt{ic'< education which the children thus obt'in ? ?????ns' raising at once their value, respectability, a? noaiti^U the world. Clerks are sought from the school D? ,att<'?'? ?.4 and bv rauwa y officers, and Mr. Coode found t1 ?t?e if) and bv mil way oncers, and Mr. Goode f-,Rtla t'latof ttle16 bOYB who had baenplaeediu the last four yo'?"?.??lf )?l<. 0l3 i  earning not less than 10s a week, one (19 ri id) 1.1"- to increase the next year to 2[s. ?e??"t-c"?""h? sioner states as the result of his invest'g? .?? Potteries in the Black Country" that he 13 ??i?c'? would be an advantage to such districts if a se .oftc'? were trained f..r them with a more exclusive ? ? #1.(^j, imparting of merely rudimentary initractl'e o ng ??j itb whom success in realising this humble P'?"?'? ??oul?" the object of ambition A, things are,. a ?" fjf,ma'1 A at testimony was invited in the recent inquiry has ,,t?? ttia? few of the childeren who leave our nationa ,l00|s ?9i» write a decent letter, keep accounts, or aPP J ^ejr ar' f E????,? metic to the e?m'mm subjects of life ?,id1"0.ter, who examined mining diitricti in the uort? 0f tb?"??e fo?nd schools in which it is common for those that been there two yean to be only at wo'? witll t%vo1. thre, t[j9t t he y letters. Mr. Winder, ?tother assistan oinmi3^, °'l0r. remarks that master after master a?ssu"r?ca t?ith? would willingly sacriHce grammar and '??'? ?? ??''u? for the inspection. Surely the first object for the inspection. Surety the nrst object ghoo'o ?"gait thorough education in the riecessar?, rudi,i3ents- Let those children who can by all means pass the