The Welshman

LITERARY NOTICES. FRASER'S MAGAZINE.—In the April number of Fraser there is a very large preponderance of articles over fiction, the latter being confined to a continuation of "Good for nothing or all Down Hill." and Ida Conway," both of them tales of considerable merit and deeply interesting. The subjects of the articles are judiciously selected, some of them having a direct bearing on political and religious questions of great importance, and •which are everywhere discussed. For instance, The American Quarrel" is the subject of the openir.g article in this number; and we find in it li comprehensive statement of the causes which have led to the disorganisation of the United States. The writer sympathises with the North and con- demns the confederate States. A civil war is not sn.ticipated v.r.der the humane and cautious policy GX: Mr. Lincoln, who is represented as acting upon policy that if the North sustain for another six months a hostile attitude, the monopoly of the cotton market will be irrevocably lost to the South, which alone might prove a death to slavery. Besides this article we have Toleration within the Church of England," which, avoiding the purely theological controversy caused by Essays and Ra/ocs, advocates a spirit of toleration and contends that neither the penalties of the law nor synodical authority can be successfully employed against the Essays. It is almost universally con- ceded that the law cannot touch the Essayists; they have committed no ecclesiastical offence. The writer says that those who allow this do not seem fully alive to the seriousness of their admission. What is there which binds an English eleqyman to hold more than the law presumes him to hold ? What moral obligation—to use the words of the Essayists—is created by subscription to the Articles, above and beyond the legal duty ? Any one who will go a little deeply into the matter must see that immense difficulty attends the whole subject of doctrinal standards. Except by divine commission, how can one age pretend to bind another to propositions on matters of belief? Modes of thought alter, language loses its meaning, new aspects emerge even of positions which are not themselves substantially changed. Amid the multitude of grave perplexities which press upon the member of a religious society in which such an attempt has actually been made, what guidance can possibly be followed but that of the law ? Once go beyond it, and almost insoluble pro- blems present themselves to the unassisted judgment. Those who pretend that the Essayists have protected them- selves from legal interference by caution' and cloudiness of language,' ought to be at the pains to explain the excite- ment which the volume has created. Caution and cloudy language are inconsistent with influence and popularity. If a book is widely read, its meaning must be tolerably plain. The true reason why the Essayists are secure from the law is, that the doctrinal standards of the Church are entirely silent on the points on which their views have caused the greatest scandal. How can the Articles and Formularies olose the door against controversies which have come into being since they were framed ? To take an example. The great question of the Essays and Reviews, the question of questions in all modern theology, relates to the nature and limits of the Inspiration of Holy Writ. There is not a word in the Articles on the subject, nor one which can be made to bear on it by the most unscrupulous distortion. How could there be, when even in the last century no alternative was recognised except unconditional acquiescence in the literal inspiration of the Biblical text or entire and absolute rejection of its authority ? In some correspondence with Dr. Temple which has recently been published, the aged Bishop of Exeter has ingeniously attempted to evade the difficulty we have suggested. He says that the Articles and Formularies were intended to prevent a 'free handling of theological questions and as this free handling' is the only object which the Essayists profess to have in common, the Bishop affirms that their object proves them false to the Church of England. The Bishop may perhaps be right in his premisas. The authors of the Articles did perhaps in- tend to put an end to disputes on the questions to which they addressed themselves but inasmuch as it is notorious that they failed of their purpose—that the most violent and sustained controversy has raged for three centuries on points with which they were familiar, and which they as- suredly attempted to settle-it is rather too much to arotue that they have prevented discussion on questions which have been born into the world since their day. If the Bishop could not prove against Mr. Gorham that the Ar- ticles and Formularies were decisive as to Regeneration, to which they allude over and over again, what chance has he of showing that they have closed disputes about Inspiration, on which they do not contain one word ? The constitution of our spiritual tribunals, pre- sided over exclusively by secular judges, is regarded by the writer as a protection which the law in itself could not afford. A Scottish Church Court would have made short work with the Essayists, and it is pretty evident what is meant by the demand in some quarters for a reconstitution of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In notic- ing the efforts which have been made to put down the volume by authority or corporate action, the writer says— What has been said as to the true source of the disrelish felt for the Essays by the majority of the clergy, indicates the peril involved in permitting this sort of condemnation. The censors of the book perceive that accepted dogmas ad. mit of interpretations different from those usually put upon them, or that the popular views of modern questions and the popular explanations of modern difficulties are not satis- factory to all minds, and they instantly demand that the voice of the majority shall bind the minority. They claim to be allowed to suppress new error as it arises; but the fact is that the whole controversy is new, and that the assumed error consists in discarding or modifying received solutions of it. The law failing them, they claim to enact new laws. This pretension impliedly admits that the party claiming to be orthodox and the party alleged to be heretical have outlived the era of speculation for which the Articles sufficed, and that the real dispute is whether the new view of Convocation or the new view of the Essayists shall prevail. It would be foolish to blind ourselves to the immense seriousness of the privileges contended for. What is asked is a power to hold General Councils and to frame creeds. Every creed, though affirma- tive in form, is negative in substance and if the views of the Essayists are declared by authority to be unsound, there is no doubt that a new symbol of Anglicanism mil have been framed. Such a pretension was intelligible in the Christians of the period succeeding Constantine, who believed that they had a deposit of apostolic tradition ever Telay? fix the meaning of Sonpture! but it i. positively monstrous in a body of men who are tied down by their own admissions to no larger right than that of interpreting a mitten law not three oenturies old and of purely human origin. Let us eonsider the actual attempts to put a competent authority in motion against the Essayists. Mere demon. strations of dislike, such as the address recently laid before the Archbishop, may be passed over with bare mention. It may be conceded that the majority of clergymen is against the book but the majority, as such, has no more right to censure the Essa/fs, than a chance party of curates in the smoking-room of the University Club. But the joint protest of the Bishops deserves more respectful notice. The good sense of many of them is believed to have long struggled against the proposal to condemn the Essayists by a corporate act; but the folly of one bustling parson rendered the mischief inevitable. It will be charitable to say little of the document which Mr. Fremantle elicited. The Bishop of Exeter laments its feebleness, and the Bishop is a good judge of polemical vigour. After its style has been criticised, or passed over as beneath criticism, the next remark which it suggests is that it is one of a series of attempts to put down obnoxious religious opinions by bodies not entitled by law to take the slightest action on theological error. Not to go farther back than the period at which the clergy began to be distributed into the two great parties which still include the majority of them, the earhest example of a demonstration like the present occurred when the University of Oxford passed a censure on Dr. Hampden, upon his appointment to the Regius Professorship of Divinity. This was an attack by High and Low Criurch combined on an unpopular theologian. In the next in- stance, the Low Church assailed the High by obtaining the degradation of Mr Ward; and not long afterwards the High Church took its turn against the Low in procuring from the prelates of its own party a protest against the consecration of Dr. Gobat as Bishop of Jerusalem. All these experi- ments miscarried miserably. Either the person assumed to be condemned grew more important for the illegal con- demnation, or still more effectually confounded his adver- saries by involving them in the ridicule which his own silliness provoked. The last result is not likely to follow in the case of the Essayists but the first, it is to be feared, has been forced on by the bishops. The episcopal resolution has operated as the most opportune and effective of puffs. At the moment at which we write, one of the largest print- ing establishments in London has been obliged to suspend all its other business for the sake of printing Essays and Reviews-, and though throwing off a thousand copies a week, is unable to keep pace with the demand. For this the bishops are exclusively responsible. They alone have couverted a mere concio ad clerwn-a volume addressed to a literate audience-into a popular manual. It is very possible that this may be a heavy misfortune. Those who contend for liberty of thought must not be supposed to ignore the distinction between the learned and the un- learned. It would be folly to pretend that all men can have the speculative groundwork of moral truths displaced with impunity. In religion as well as in politics the great problem is to repair the basis as it crumbles away without injury to the superstructure. There are many considerations which, apart from its illegitimacy, diminish the weight to be attached to this exercise of episcopal authority. Since the bishops cannot by themselves act gynodically, the force of their censure can only be ascertained by summing up their separate claims to a hearing on the subject. Without denying that several respectable names remain after all deductions have been made, we must say that a detailed examinati%u of the signatures takes away singularly from their imposing effect. We do not care to justify all the contempt which has been recently poured on Lord Palmerston's appointments to the episcopate we do not decry the evangelical bishops for their lack of that decorttive learning which is so much over- prized in England we merely call attention to the fact that, with one exception, all the bishops appointed since L'.rd Palmerston's accession to the Premiership fall shurt even of the not very high degree of erudition and specula- tive aeumen which English prelates arc ordinarily expected to reach. There are indeed on the bench three men whose grasp of mind, and the peculiar direction of whose studies, may be allowed to qualify them for dealing with the ques- tiors which the E?a? have raised. It is a curious Cl' cum?tance. however, that in each of these cases, there is j something to weaken the impression naturally created by th?t adhertnee to the Archbishop's letter. The Bishop of London, in the course of a debate in Convocation which hat fortunately been reported, has all but disclaimed his share in the condemnation. The Bishops of St. David's and Hereford have had a personal history which is in itself the best answer to the censure which they have unhappily joined in passing on the Essayists. Both, years ago, pub- lished opinions no less startling in their time than the Essays and Reviews. Both were tyrannically oppressed for their boldness. Both owe their preferment to their perse- cution. Both have lived to see the ticws for which they were proscribed regarded as innocent or commendable. Whatever be their motive fur making others suffer as they suffered themselves—whether or not they act in the spirit of the boy in the sixth form, who insists on fagging the youngsters because he was himself fagged low down in the school-it is not in their power to destroy the moraloftheir own career. They are living proofs of the futility of authoritative resistance to the progress of theological know- ledge. The proceedings of convocation in reference to the Essays are censured, and it is argued that they have nothing to fear except from refutation, the most difficult method of restraining the spirit of inquiry which the obnoxious book has evoked. Only the other day the Evangelical community, shocked by the supposed latitudinarianism of Dr. Davidson's volume in the most recent edition of Home's Introduction, selected a Mr. Ayre to re-write the same branch of the subject in a more orthodox spirit. Mr. Ayre had few qualifications except tolerable fairness, and the power of reading German. He evidently read as he wrote, and thus the first parts of his work contain nothing but the commonplace doctrines and commonplace arguments of his party and school. The doctrines continue to the end, but, as Mr. Ayre's studies go on, the arguments undergo a singular change. Nothing can be more curious than the comparison, already instituted by a contemporary, between Mr. Ayre's language at starting and his language when his work is advanced. The ad- missions he finally makes for the purpose of establishing his points, are enough to make the hair of Convocation rtand on end. There are of course not a few clergymen in the Church who are perfectly well aware that the effect of critically examining the opinions of the Essayists will l>e to produce greater leniency in judging them, and who are for that very reason determined that they shall not be examined. The low state of speculative culture in England, and the miserably small stock of positive knowledge which is frequently the result of the highest education given among us, explain the existence in this country of several religious theories which are bottomed in wilful ignorance; but obstinate resistance to the invasion of habits of inquiry is not entirely confined to commonplace minds. It is strange to hear from one of the historical pulpits of London the avowal that, since any attempt to settle one of the points raised by the Essayists must necessarily open twenty others, all refutation is to be discouraged as perilous. Nothing can-be done with such reasoners except to point out what is the reductio ad absurdum of their doctrine. Not very long ago, a meeting of clergymen and laymen belonging to the self-styled religious world, was held at the house of Lord Calthorpe, for the purpose of considering whether measures should not be taken for promoting the atudy of orthodox continental theology in England. Mr. Thomas Chambers, the Common Serjeant of London, who was present, vehemently opposed the proposal. A translation of an orthodox commentary on the Book of Daniel had, he stated, been placed in his hands. He had nothing to say against the book; it was very sound and very edifying. But, unluckily, the author had undertaken to confute some latitudinarian critic, and passages from this heretical writer had naturally been inserted in the text of the orthodox Icommentary. These passages, Mr. Chambers declared, had so troubled his mind that he implored the meeting not to expose others to similar trials. The gentlemen present were touched by his appeal, and it was decided that the religious literature of the Continent should be placed under a general interdict. This may be absurd, but it is logical. The absolute prohibition of refutation, on the plea that dangerous questions may emerge in its course, can be de- fended on no principle except Mr. Chambers's, and his principle would taboo half the Fathers of the Church on the ground that passages from anti-christian writers are im. bedded in their text. We have devoted so much space to this article, which treats with a candour that is truly refreshing the danger of driving the English Church into a narrow sectarian intolerance, that we are obliged to defer some passages which we had marked for quotation in the genial and thoughtful contribution of A Country Parson, Concerning Future Years," which, notwithstanding the special interest attached to other papers, will be read and dwelt upon with pccular pleasure, though tinged with gloomy rc- minisence in all who have passed the early stages of manhood. There is a useful article on Java, touch- ing upon the material resources and social condition of this Dutch colony a continuation of The Pro- gress and Prospects of Astronomy," and Public Schools." BLACKWOOD'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE. The more important articles in Blackwood are re- views of new works, and although they are very acceptable to Maga's numerous readers, they limit; our choice of extended notice to two contributions- ? of these The World of Weimer" is a free gossiping description of German life, embracing a variety of topics and the other is an able refutation of the theory of spontaneous combustion, which has not only been accepted by non-professional, but by scientific men of some eminence. The subject in itself is of purely scientific interest, but, as it de- molishes an old doctrine which is frequently referred to by intelligent persons, we may be doing good service in stating that several cases of what has been termed self-burning are cited in the article, and proved to be inconclusive, and such as should be rejected at once in philosophical inquiries. Those who believe in the phenomena ask, Whence arises that extreme degree of inflammability of the human body in virtue of which its combustion is so readily produced, and, occuring at any point, is propagated with rapidity to distant parts ? We answer that the human body cannot be rendered in- flammable while living and that a chemist should not only know this, but know that the rapid propagation of flame in the living body is us utterly impossible as the enclosure of space by two parallel lines. The human body," it iss&id, is a combustible oompound." True enough; and a dia- mond is combustible. But the human body is not a com- pound easily combustible, and cannot propagate its com- bustion like inflammable bodies. Its combustion is hindered by the water it contains. The living body consists of three- fourths of water, which we need scarcely say, acts as a damper on the propagation of lfame. This fact, however, does not damp the ardour of the advocates of spontaneous combustion. They admit that under ordinary circumstances the body is not easily combustible; but they assume that under ordinary circumstances it may become so. Two hypotheses are advanced which are supposed to render this probable, The first is, that the bodies of habitual drunkards are so saturated with alcohol that they become preter- naturally combustible. The second is, that certain modi- fications" take place, II owing to diseased conditions," by which the body becomes preternaturally combustible. When alcohol is taken into the stomach, it is absorbed into the blood-vessels, and is carried by the torrent of the circulation to the various tissues, especially to those of the liver and nervous centies, for which it seems to have a marked preference. But elementary knowledge of physio- logy ought long ago to have taught men that the idea of the living tissues being saturated with alcohol is absurd. The thing cannot be done. If life is to continue, only a very slight quantity indeed can be carried to any one tissue; and that slight quantity does not, and cannot, remain there. The blood which carried it there carries it away again. It is thrown out of the body, at each moment, by the breath, through the skin, and through the kidneys. If more alcohol be taken than can be rapidly got rid of in this way, death ensues from alcoholic poisoning. Few men could survive after drinking a bottle of brandy and supposing this all to remain in the body, it would be far from saturating the tissues" of a man whose body contains ninety pounds weight of water. Indeed, to suppose the tissues saturated with alcohol, is to overlook all physiologi- cal coll(litions -tile incessani cnemicai cnanges upon wnien life depends would all be rendered impossible by alcoholic saturation. It is when we wish to preserve the tissues against chemical change that we place them in alcohol-and these are dead tissues. So unfortunate is the hypothesis we are combating, that if even its premises be granted, its conclusions must be re- jected. We might grant the possibility of the tissues being saturated with alcohol, without in the least relinquishing j our position that the living body cannot be thereby rendered easily combustible Make the body a mere living keg of brandy let its ninety pounds of water be changed into brandy-and-water nay, let the water be entirely removed saturate the tissues with alcohol, soak them in it, and bring a lighted candle into direct contact with it-even then the body will not flame! the brandy will blaze away, but not the body. When all the brandy has burnt away, the body will be found black, dry, and charred, but not flaming nor de- j stroyed. The truth of this is seen every Christmas, when our children shout around the snap-dragon. The rains are steeped in brandy, the brandy is lighted, and blazes with blue and joyous fury but the raisins are so little affected by all this flame, that the children pop .them into their mouths as fast as they can. The reason is simple it is a chemical law, admitting of no exception, that a body which is in itself difficult of combustion cannot be rendered less so by the presence of a body easily combustible. The raisins are not easily combustible, and are not rendered more so by the presence of brandy, which burns readily. In the brandy or out of it, the raisins are equally slow to burn. The same is true of the livi-ng, or moist tissues, They are not made of asbestos; they will burn if a proper de- gree of heat be applied, which will first evaporate their liquids but they are slow to burn, and are not inflammable like paper or straw, which, when once ignited, propagate the flame to distant parts, away from contact with the original cause of ignition. Light a piece of paper at one end, and the whole is quickly destroyed. Light a pIece, of flesh at one end, and it will only be the end in contact with the flame which will burn remove the flame, and the flesh ceases to burn. To prove that alcohol will not make this flesh an iota more combustible, the following experiment, will suiffce. We placed three small strips of uncooked beef in braudv, and left them to soak there for several weeks, in a well-corked bottle. The first piece was removed, and held in the flame of a candle it at once caught fire, and blazed the alcohol was burned away the flame then ceased, and the meat remained. The second piece was left in a vessel with the whole of the remaining alcohol. On applying the flame, there was a blaze, whioh lasted, as before, while the alcohol lasted the meat would not burn. The third piece was then held in the flame, and as long as it was in direct contact with the flame it burned, but no sooner was it re- moved from this contact than the burning ceased. It is thus clear that, supposing the drunkard's tissues to be thoroughly goaked in alcohol (which they cannot be during life), and supposing a flame brought into direct contact wita his body, that, would only be a local burn, there could not be propagation of the flame from one part to another. To burn a body there must be the direct contact of combustible substance at a very high temperature—even fat cannot be kindled at less than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. If, therefore, it is a fact that the body is difficult of combustion, and if it is a law that such bodies cannot be rendered less difficult of combustion by the mere presence of alcohol, or any other easily combustible substance, but only by the removal of that which makes the combustion difficult, then we are entitled to say that it is impossible to render living bodies preternaturally combustible. There are five review articles, all of them written with much ability, fully sustaining the literary pre- eminence of Blackwood. Marc Mourner's work— I?Italic est elle la Terre des Jlorts- ?—has ample justice done it, although the reviewer has com- pressed the materials of a volume into a few'pages. Americanisms," while it pleases the curious in such things, will disappoint some in finding fewer purely American words and phrases than it is gene- rally supposed are in common use on the other side of the Atlantic. The number of what are known as slang terms" which have been introduced into our popular literature is surprising, and by no means creditable to our popular taste. Here are some of the phrases current in Congress— The instructive parable which explains the origin of Bunkum" will hardly be forgotten as long as that style of eloquence continues to adorn our English House of Com- mons, and would form a very useful text to set up, hand- somely illuminated, over the Speaker's chair. Caucus"— with its very questionable derivation from a ship-caulker's meeting at Bostoil-is sufficiently understood. Platform" (of which we hafe already been glad to avail ourselves), in the sense of a general code of principles, we should certainly have set down as strictly American, and are indebted to Mr. Bartlett for pointing out its use in a similar sense by no less an authority than Hooker, who speaks of the bent of people's minds being "conformable to the platform of Geneva." We have since met with a similar use of the word in Bacon, where he speaks of "the Exemplar or Platform of Good." An expressive term applied to that kind of political neutrality which is ready to join the strongest side is "fence-riding" -i.e., sitting on the fence between two properties, ready to jump down on either side a circumstances may invite a position bettei understood in America than here, inasmuch as friend Jonathm will I bt on the rail of a neighbour's fence whittling" for hou.-s, to his own immense satisfaction. To desert a man's party or principles goes with us by the name of ratting ,the Americans, by a similar figure of speech, call it to ,t Aay- I fish," because that little animal, which abounds in some of their swampy lands, is in the habit of backing out" of his position under disturbing circumstances. Take the following as specimens of I- Ai-iiericaii Verbs" ;— The verb "fix," with its substantive, do an immense amount of duty over the water, as all readers know. I guess that wheel can't do nothing ehe than go round now," says a wheelwright complacently, for I've fixed it." Gentlemen dress in their Sunday fixings," aud eat their mutton with currant-jelly fixings." And the articles in ,this Magazine would be described is "literary fixings." Vegetables are called "sauce;" blet, carrots, parsnips, &c., are "long sauce;" onions and other bulbs, "short sauce." This term still prevails in our own county of Norfolk. Keep is used in the same technical sense as in our University of Cambrid-ze-i.e., to odge. Hoist"—or, in American phonetic spelling, "hy;t"-generally means what an Irishman might call an elevation downwards. We meet with some rather quaint verbs, too, here and there, formed from familiar substantive. To piece," is to take an irregular snack between meals A child hasn't eaten much dinner, because he's been a piecin' on't all the morning." To "eat" and to "sleep" have -.echnical senses and it is rather startling at first to hear a landlady declaring that she could eat fifty people in her house, though she could not sleep half the number." To egg," again, is to pelt with rotten egg-happily not so common an occurrence as to require its special verb with us. "Life in Central Africa" presents the moie im- portant facts in Petherick's Eyypt, the Soudai, and Central Africa. Who would ever imagine his to be the famed Turkish bath ? All London is at the present time in a state of excifement about the Turkish bath, and many are the eloquent issur- ances that you cannot be clean unless you have take; one of these baths that you do not know what a bath is uiless you know the Turkish bath and that the real Turkish )ath is not the thing you ignorantly imagine, but is to be fiund only in Golden Square or Pimlico. Mr. Petherick las a Turkish bath to describe, but it is certainly not that kiown in Pimlieo, or elsewhere in the British dominions. Qi his arrival at Berbera, feeling irritable and feverish afty the fatigue of the journey, he told his companion, Ibahim Effendi, that he thought a Turkish bath would be agreat luxury. Whereupon the Effendi quietly said he wouleorder one and presently returned, saying that one wOild be brought in the evening. A Turkish bath brougltt in the evening! What would they say in Golden Squae and Pimlico to tepidarium and calidarium, with the whole shampooing apparatus, being quietly carried to a ftigued gentleman's sleeping apartment ? The surprise .f our traveller was great: it became greater when his :nci"nt ilandlady appeared, accompanied by a damsel black asnight, and dressed in a large scarf of white muslin trimmel with red borderings, who held in one hand a small woodenbowl, in the other a teacup. The old lady then retired after wishing him a good night, and answering his questiorias to the bath by pointing to the articles in the damsel's Innds, "These are the bath." To bathe in a wooden bowl ind a teacup, is surely novel enough. The novelty turned (ut a great luxury. The bowl contained dough, and the Clp a I small quantity of sweet-oil scented with aromatic roo S: the damsel rubbed the dough well on the bare skin, ar.d 1 then finished off with the oil. The following morning," says our traveller, I awoke quite revived the feverishness J.<Ao.J vu¿:lJ f allU, Willi d cdllli puiac, I riL a universal cool and refreshing sensation through my limb. and body." This bath is in general use by the natives of the Soudan, when they can afford it, and is taken every evening. To its beneficial effects are ascribed the entire absence of cutaneous diseases, and the indifference with which the natives brave the cold and cutting winds of winter, with no other protectftm than slight calico shirt or scarf. What a strange method some tribes have of ex- pressing the feeling of delight. It is indispensable in every career that a man should keep himself free from insult"; but among savages this is peculiarly the case, since a man who submits to any in- dignity from them can never hope to prosper with them It is, however, necessary to understand the point of honour. What one tribe thinks an insult another prizes as a compli- ment. What from one would elicit a stab, from the other binds for ever. This renders it difficult for the stranger to discriminate the intention of what he witnesses. Thus Mr. Petherick sees scores of negroes, up to the middle in water, making fruitless and laughable attempts to converse with his men in the boat. At length another party arrives, with a chief. As he approaches the boat, the crowd make way for him and on being invited, he climbs inio the boat with three followers. Mr. Petherick seated himself in his cabin, and beckoned to the chief and his followers to sit on the floor; but the sight of the firearms and hunting-knives excited the chief's attention, and looking meaningly at his men, he rose one knee to salute me. Grasping my right hand, and turning up the palm, he quietly spat in it; then looking in my face, he elaborately repeated the process. Ye gods imagine such a transaction—and in the fice of an Englishman. Can we wonder that even our self-contained traveller was staggered at such audacity, and revolved in his mind how he should punish it ? But our traveller is not a man of rash impulses. Observing the chief's expression to be all kindness and no contempt, he in turn spat ou those smiling features with his utmost energy. Instead of rage, the chief manifested excessive delight, and, reseating him- self, assured his companions that this was a very grca, chief indeed. An interchange of saliva between travelle" and attendants established a firm friendship. From which it appears that the lex talionis should be rigidly adhered to among tribes whose customs are not understood. Return insult for insult, and if it happen to be a compliment, you have done the utmost that was expected of you. Had Mr. Pethetick let out with his left," and floored the ooist chief, bloodshed must have followed. The other articles are-" General Patrick Gordon, the Russian Scot," and The Punjab in 18.37." TEMPLE BAR.—Four monthly numbers-of this magazine complete the first voluUlc-a book of nearly six hundred pages. Mr. Sala has given us, so far as bulk is concerned, an ample shilling's worth every month," and perhaps the best test of its quality is supplied in a rapidly increasing con- sumption. Indeed, no one can reasonably complain either of the quality or the quantity of good read- able matter in Temple Bar; but if we were dis- posed to find fault it would rest entirely with the more serious portions, which are not exactly to our taste. For instance, The Provincial Letters of Pascal," in the April number, is little else than an imperfect resume of Jansenism, in no respect com- parable to the ordinary review articles in the old monthlies. However, it may contain some informa- tion which is possibly new to many who go to Temple Bar for amusement, and if it were of a higher literary character they iN ould perhaps pass it over without reading. "A Nation of Marksmen" is a sensible article on the Volunteer Rifle Movement, intended to promote the practice of target-shooting, which it regards as of prime importance. Drill is of very little use without the rifle, and should be made of secondary importance. But from a variety of causes it is attended to almost to the total neglect of musketry, and a few months since our Rifle Corps were satirically described by a French writer as assiduously practising every branch of their new profession, except the dangerous and expensive amusment of rifle-shooting." Let our corps, then, aim at being good marksmen, and this can only be achieved by regular practice-net for a week or two with an all-consuming mania, but steadily and perseveringly. Col. Wilford, of the School of Musketry at Hythe, says-" If by a soldier is meant I a man in red who can march without treading down the shoe-heels of one in front, well and good but if you mean to convey the idea of one skilled in the use of the rifle perhaps three years may be nearer the mark." There are in this number two other articles—" Eugene Scribe" and A word to women, by one of themselves." It is in its fictions Temple Bar best pleases us, and, we think, secures the greatest number of admirers. We must pass "For Better for Worse" with the simple remark that it is intensely interesting, to give some ex- tracts from Mr. Sala's wonderfully clever tale, The Seven Sons of Mammon." We should not attempt to compress the story into a few lines, even if its complicated movements would admit, but there are many admirable sketches in it, not altogether de- pendent upon the narrative for their interest, which we may transcribe without detracting from the tale, j We take in illustration the "following full length portrait of a vulgar curate." An old grandmother at St Mawes had brought this vulgar person up. She did what she could for him, and her small savings were laid out for his benefit. Ruthyn's father was a gentleman, who, about the year 1825, in company with other adventurous Cornish men, had gone in quest of some silver- mines in Peru, and found thevomito nero instead, of which, at Lima, he straightway died. The old grandmother .did what she eould for the orphan, which was not much. The father had, on the principle of conveying coals to Newcastle, taken most of the available ready money of the family with him to the silver-mines of Peru. In after years Kuthyn Pendrugon did not mind confessing that in his boyhood he had made a voyage in a fishing-smack, with a view to see whether he would like to be apprenticed to the sea; and that he had served a short probation behind the shop- counter of a chemist, who likewise sold grocery and haber- dashery, at Truro. These early aSSOcIatIOns tuay have been instrumental in planting the first seeds of that vulgarity for which Ruthyu Pendragon was always noted, and fo! which he eventually became famous. In process of time a Cornish gentleman of means, who had known the paternal Pendrugon, advised Ruthyn's grandmother to send him to a certain ancient and well-known grammar-school in the West Country. He made great progress in his studies here, and was commended by his master as a very diligent and capable boy, while he was excepted to by his schoolfellows as being a pitiably vulgar one. He obtained an exhibition at last, and took that, and his vulgularity, and a huge stock (for a boy) of book-learning, and a vast fund of natural shrewd- ness, observation, and humour, with him to college. Any thing else ? well, he had a slender wardrobe, and his grand- mother's blessing. His successes at the university were solid, if not brilliant. It is said of hi;n, that leaving school and entering the mail-coach which was to convey him to t <wn, Ruthyn Pendragon flung his hat into the air, and cried, Here goes for Archbishop of Canterbury but at the university it was speedily decided that such a vulgar fellow would never obtain a fellowship, while doubts were expressed as to whether any gentlemanly bishop could ever be persuaded to ordain such a lout. He was not likely to go wrong at the university. His health was of the rudest, his frame of the strongest; and excesses of dissipation would have hurt him no more than excess of study but he was wise, and chose the latter. He read desperately and continuously. All that the gay youth of the university could say against him was that he was vulgar. They could not in their charmingly contemptuous manned call him a "cad." There was no denying his gentle blood. There was no finding a blot on his scutcheon. His great-great- grandfather was duly* enshrined in Fuller's TVorthies; a great-granduncle was mentioned in Anthony a Wood. The university tradesmen refrained from soliciting his custom they knew that he could do them no good, and that they could do him no harm. Of what use were well-cut coats and brilliant scarves to one who, winter and summer, wore i plain black coat, which he ackowledged to have bought second-hand, and to mend himself when it required repair and beneath that a waistcoat and trousers of coarse grey serge, made by his old grandmother at St. Mawes? Where he first purchased his cap and gown was a mystery; the triflers declared that he had bought them at a London masquerade warehouse, on his way to college. They were certainly curiosities of faded shabbiness. His linen wis dreadfully coarse, but scrupulously clean. He was in the habit of bitiug his nails to the quick, and no scissors were needed for his large healthy-looking hands. His hair was naturally dark and glossy, and he needed no Macassar. He looked like a man who washed with yellow soap. He never had a row with the bargemen on the river. They respected and feared him, not alone for his strength, which was palpably prodigious, but for his homely, kindly manners; for he was not above hollling the poorest and roughest in discourse, and would talk to them by the half-hour together of common things and their daily avocations He was not vulgar to them. Some called hirn a "true gentleman," but more frequently working-men exclaimed: "We likes him, for he talks like ono of us." Clearly a very vulgar person this Iluthyn Pendragon. There were young gentlemen of his college whose quarterly cigar-bills came to ten, nay twenty, pounds. Viscount Racquetborough, indeed, owed his tobacconist two hundred and odd, but, then, most of that was discount. Ruthyn rarely smoked but he casually mentioned that the use of a short pipe had been habitual to him before he was twelve years of age and when from time to time some new man who thought him an original persuaded him to come to his rooms, he indulged in a calumet of that very strongest cavendish which young undergraduates buy, like Editions of the Fathers, more for show than use. Such strong meat is not fit for babes. He was by rule a water-drinker; but sometimes after rowing he would drink of the country beer that labourers drank. Somebody mentioned Allsopp's bitter ale to him, and he returned for answer, What is that ?" The Dons did not like him he was too vulgar, and yet he was not offensive. He wai innocent of any sins against collegiate discipine, but he neither invited or seemed thankful for praise. The Dons were of course absolved from toadying him, and he seemed to be utterly ignorant of the fact that any thing was to he got from toadying the Dons. He was a great eatr, although occasionally it was known that he passed the twenty-f mr hours without any sustenance more solid than bread and butter yet those who watched liim-and he was strange enough to have many observers-remaked that he could eat voraciously of cold meat, of suet-pudding, and of buttered toast. He was not ta-iturn, for he was 31cvays ready to speak when spoken to but he seldom volunteered conversation. Those who ob- jected to his vulgularity could not help admiring his honest discourse, full of manly and sensible reflection. He was one in whose presence young men were somehow ashamed indeed to swear, Lto talk of loose and shameful things, or, uiiman,t totn.!? ?.?.?, .r .?? ?-- t? ? ?. ? ,o UJ:Ullan eon^rsationalists^vere on their mettle in the presence of Ruttvn Pendragon. And yet he could enjoy humour, and at a troll story, proper for a decorous man to hear, would open his large mouth and laugh sonorously. The only overtact against the uages of society which he had been know, to commit was this, He had gone to a man's rooms to relirn some books he had boirowed-he was not above borruving books. A dozen young fellows were present, and as Itithyn Pendragon turned to depart, he saw a pack of cardswhioh had been inadvertently left exposed on a table. Witlout any more ado he seized the cards, flung them into the fre, put his back before it, folded his arms, and said, I im no censor of manners, Proctor, or Puritan, and you ffla* think it is no business of mine. Cards are the Devil's books. Wherever I find them, I burn them. Good mor- If any body thinks he has a right to complain, I ,111 tight here or elsewhere." But nobody cared to complain, or to fight Ruthyn Pendragon so he went, and, indeed, lh sound that accompanied his departure much more rcsemb e a cheer than a murmur of discontent. Agam, here is a sketch of fat young ladies- Tie lady was young-a year in advance of Magdalen p erhaps, and although not beautiful, comely to look upon. She [¡ad more than what is termed "a tendency to embon- poin," for she was decidediy plump, tottering on the verge of corpulence, so to speak. Now of fat girls there are seve-al varieties. There is your fat baby-girl, a delightful little dumpling of a child, every one of whose dimples is a "line of delight, and every one of the creases in whose rosy limbt inspires you with an irresistible propensity to tickle il- there are the little baby-children that Rubeus painted so gloriously. He made their little puffed-out cheeks celestially roseate he curled their flaxen locks like the young tendrils of the Irille he tipped their little heels and elbows with rich carnations; he took away their sex, and made them epicede and when he had added little wi':gs of ooreen and golden plumage to their shoulders, they were no louger baby-children, but angels, minis- tering in the apotheoses of kings and emperors, who, I sincerely trust, have reached the destination which the courtly pencil of Peter Paul ascribed to their dead majesties. Then there is your fat school-girl, with long, fair ringlets, Profuse as a Louis-Quatorze perruque. with fixed blue eyes that remind you unpleasantly of the Pantheon Bazaar and Madame Montanari's wax-work shop, and with a dull, listless fixity of demeanour that makes one always wish to find out whereabouts the string is, in order to pull it, and [ cause the eyes to move and the great doll to squeak pa pa" and "mama." Yet another variety of the f,lt school- girl is there in the romp, or tomboy," who has cheeks as ruddy and as hard as a Ribstonc pippin who is con- tinually »razing the skin off her arms, and tearing the trim- min" off the ends of her trousers who, if she lives in the country, is in the habit of catching young colts and riding them without saddle or bridle round the paddocks who is always getting into domestic trouble through her transac- tions with a big black dog fond-of the water and of elliv) ing cats; who is always laughing, has a tremendous appetite, and once fought with a boy and came off victorious. The decline of the old-fashioned system of education, and the rise of seminaries and collegiate institutions, where young ladies attend lectures on the Odic force and the Therapeutic Cosruogdny of Ancient Art, has made the torn-boy fat girl an exceedinly rare specimen of feminiility but she is still occasionally to be met with—notably in Westmoreland boarding-schools, and in farm-houses of the West. I lament the progressive extinction of the merry fat girl She usually grew up to be a jolly, comfortable matron, with a tiibe of sunny children, all as great rom;)s as she had been. Her pickled walnuts were perfection. She was one of those admirable women who always give you something to eat when you call upon them, & if you are neither hungered nor athirst, insist on your carrying a way a pot of preserves or a slice of bride-cake with you. It was in the golden age, and England was merry England indeed, when those fat matrons who had been fat girls flourished. They used to entertain you at meat teas" —bounteous repasts, where there were sausages and pressed beef, soused mackerel, and potato-cakes. THE ST. JAMES'S MAGAZINE.—This is a new candidate for public favour, following' in the suite of the Cornhill and Temple Bar. It is con- ducted by Mrs. S. C. Hall, a lady long and favour- ably known in the literary world, and who is emi- nently qualified for the task. In appearance the St. James's is superior to the other shilling month- lies, being singularly neat and somewhat artistic in its getting up." But its claims do not rest upon an agreeable exterior, for if we may judge from the first number there is no doubt it will prove a most instructive and entertaining contribution to our periodical literature. Mrs. Hall says, The many eminent and popular authors with whom I have the honour to be associated, and upon whose cordial and zealous aid I am permitted to calculate, will, I cannot doubt, give to the publication a character and a value for originality and vigour, such as to establish it in public favour. This statement, is fully sustained in the opening number, which eon- tains several tales and articles of high literary merit. Mrs. Hall herself commences a new fiction, Can Wrong be Right?" illustrated by a graceful etching from the pencil of Hablot K. Browne. It would be premature to express a decided opinion upon the story at this early period, but we must say the germs of a thrilling tale arc already apparent. Then we have another of rather a gloomy character, Ralph the Bailiff," to be completed in three parts. The incidents described take hold of the imagina- tion. and leave behind an uncomfortable impression. There are also a simple Scotch tale, Puir Grizel," and A Story for the Young of the Household," by Mrs. Hall. Thus it will be seen that fiction is fairly represented in the St. James's. The contributors of poetry are—Owen Meredith, whose fine legend of Helias" will be universally admired the Author of Paul jFerrol, The Irish All Souls' Night;" and the- Author of John Halifax, Gentleman, a Legend of St. Christopher." Besides these we have Hood's touching Song of the Lark in the City." But fiction and poetry have not monopolised an undue share of the new magazine. Mr. Robert Bell's St. James's" gives in an easy gossiping style some historical notes of St. James's Palace, which he tells us was originally a hospital. At what time the hospital (dedicated to St. James) was built, is unknown. All that can be affirmed with confidence is, that it could not have been before the Conquest, while there is good reason to conclude it must have been soon afterwards. The saints were supposed to possess particular influence over particular ailments; and as St. Vitus took madness and poison under his protection, St. James, to whom, in the old symbolical represen'ations of the church, the top-joint of the fore-fiuger was dedicated, may be pre- sumed to have extended his care to infectious diseases. Considerable grants of land were bestowed upon it in West- minster, Hampstead, and other places and Edward I., who was most rigorous against lepers within the bounds of the city, showed his consideration for them outside the walls, by confirming all these grants, and by further conferring upon the institution the privilege of holding an annual fair of seven days, beginning on the eve of the patron saint. The situation was discreetly chosen It was as dreary and lonely as could be desired for the isolation of its inmates, who looked out upon one of the most desolate landscapes within the girdle of fair Middlesex. The distant height of Harrow-on-the-Hill came into view as far off as the eye could reach; snatches of stunted hedge-rows, or a few trees dropped here and there, marked the rude tracks that led northward and westward into the country and a remote iiiill, or the lofty cross of some solitary spital, might be dis- cerned on the horizon to the north of Cripplegate, and stretching away eastward towards Moregate and the ancient suburb of Soers ditch. Whether the maiden sisters of St. James's asked alms of wayfarers from their doors and lattices with a cup and clapper, as was the custom, may, we think, be doubted, because wayfarers were rare in that out-of-the- way neighbourhood but, however that may be, the pros- perity of the house continued to augment until the reign of Henry VIII., when a tempestuous change came over the tranquil dreams of its inmates. Henry took possession of it, demolished the old buildings, and reared in its place a noble manor house, turning the swampy fields into a park, sur- rounded by a high brick wall, embracing the whole extent of the interval to Whitehall. We are pleased to find here a notice of Miss Florence Nightingale, amounting to a short memoir. No higher honour can be conferred upon this heroic and nobleminded woman than a simple record of what she has done to alleviate human suffering. Miss Nightingale has re-elevated a class that in old times" was graced by high-born ladies, who deemed it a privilege to attend to the wounds of those who did battle for their country. The "leech" was the Lady of the castle and it was the duty of the proudest matron and the gentlest maiden to minister to the sick. The class, however, from various causes, sank into disrepute. Miss Nightingale's plans, as they extend, will open the door to women of mind and good education, who will find here a true sphere for the exercise of that useful industry which is the safest road to happiness; in fact, when Miss Nightin- gale's training is faithfully carried out, the Nurse," either in the hospital ward, or the domestic sick chamber, will be considered in importance and utility only second to the Physician. The certainty that only women of character will be trained under the Nightingale Fund tends to raise the class" Nurse." All leads to a result every wV elevat- ing to the industrious women of England. After a very short lapse of years, we sh-all not only no louger dread the coming of a 1 Nurse" into our home as the entrance of discomfort or discord, but look forward to her sojourn as a time, not only of returning health to the dear object of our anxiety, but as also renewing the healthy atmosphere of our social life, which depends for its well-doing and happiness on so many influences-extending from high to low. Nay, in time, if not just yet, the Nurse of the sick- room may be, without humiliation to the host, the guest of the parlour; where information as to the progress of the Patient will be asked and given where discourse will be comforting or consoling and where consideration and advice will be for mutual good. Mr. Hunt's paper, Mauve and Magenta," describes the nature and production of those beautiful and attractive modern dyes. Formerly, at our gasworks, everything was regarded as a waste product except the illuminating gas—carburetted hydrogen. The coal tar was, it is true, collected and used, but it was regarded, from its disagreeable smell, as a very unpleasant neighbour. The chemist has, however, taken this coal tar, so offensive to our sense of smell, and he has extracted from it several essences remarkable for their fragrance; and again, from the same black tar-to touch which was to be defiled-by a process of trasmutation, the chemist has evoked a colour which has carried joy to the hearts of the Cardinals of ltome, and administered much pleasure to the Fashion rulers of our ovii and other lands.  '? from coal tar. This substance derives its name from Anil, the name of one of the plants producing Indigo, as from this colouring matter Aniline was first separated. From In,ligo-blue this Aniline can be obtained by treating it with potash, and then distilling the mass; but Ilofinann dis- covered a far more abundant source of it in the oil of gas tar. It would be tedious, and, after all, not very intelligible, to describe the process, but the result of many careful dis- tillations, is a brown oil this, by purification, becomes a colourless liquid, possessing a peculiar aromatic odour. This is the important Aniline, a chemical compound, con- sisting of twelve proportions of carbon, seven of hydrogen, and one of nitrogen. This interesting substance combines with acids to form crystalline salts its combination with oil of vitriol (sul- phuric acid) forms sulphate of Aniline, which is the most important. These crystals, which are beautiful colourless plates of a silvery lustre, become red by exposure to the air; and here is developed the secret of its producing the exquisite reds and purples of which we write. By adding oxygen to, that is, by oxidising this salt of Aniline, the red or purple colour is obtained, and as we vary the agent imparting the oxygen, so we have the means of varying the dye, and may secure any of the shades, be- tween the blues and the reds, which are met with in the shops. As we have stated, Mr. Perkins was the discoverer of the original Mauve. He was a st ident of Dr. Hofmann's, and employed bv that chemist to assist him in his investigations of the products from coal. The preparation of Aniline was described by Dr. Hofmann, and he first showed that its presence could be detected by the violet colour it gave when treated with chlorine. Capt. Drayton contributes a very plain and instruc- tive paper "Among the Stars and 11 The Hills of London," by Dr. Doran, will be found interesting. The other "papers are-" The Need of Sanctuary Knowledge to Women," of which we cannot speak too highly An Excursion for Practical People What We Did without Him;" and" The Litera- ture of Gossip." THE ENGLISH WOMAN'S JOURAL. In this number we have the ordinary correspondence, which is of a practical character, notes of passing events, well written notices of books, several articles, and the first part of a tale. The tale is one of the affections, with no special features its title is The Portrait." The very excellent resume of M. Duval's book given under the name of A Lunatic Village," and to which we referred at some length a month ago, is continued, and we are glad to find the writer does not recommend the adoption in this country of the custom successfully carried out in Ghecl. Gheel is unique, and would be as difficult to copy as a parliamentary constitution. The new colony must be planted in a healthy locality, where the land is divided into small farms, and chiefly cultivated by the owners of the soil. The inhabitants must be at once gentle and robust, and the religious feeling should be at once strong and practical. Everything would depend on the physician and the clergyman who first undertook the enterprise. He who plants a colony of any sort has upon his shoulders a re- sponsibility not inferior to that of iEneas when he led his Trojans over the sea. It has been proposed to induce some of the nourrieiers to emigrate to other parts of the Campiue, and to establish agricultural colonies as like to the original as they can b'1 made for Gheel can only accommodate a nfth part of the lunatics of Belgium; and this plan, duly supplemented by the medical profession and by the clergy, would probably succeed. There are, however, many valuable lessons taught by the Lunatic Village, touching the treatment of those afflicted with the most distressing malady which befals humanity. Facts versus Ideas," though a little wearisome at first, presents some startling truths on subjects which intimately con- cern us all. Here are some sound and practical remarks on the education of women— b' d From the very fact of the luxurious habits, combined with the idleness observable in the daughters 01 flourishing mercantile men, marriage is daily becoming more difficult; consequently, unmarried women are more and more numer- ous, and yet fathers will not open their eyes to the injury thus done, by withholding from g.r s suitable education and proper trainit Ig, Every right-minded father acknowledges in theory, that it is his duty to provide for las children in a manner commensurate with his means and in th., case of sons the theory is reduced to practice, but iii the case of daughters it is wholly neglected. Among the lllny mis- takes made with regard to tneir well-being, apart from the prej udice against the name or work (which is synonymous in the minds of the generality of men as regards women, with loss of caste and a coming down in the gilded scale) there is the error of converting marriage into an occupa- tion, and not distinguishing it as only a condition of life. Girls are taught directly and indirectly that their business is to pick up so-ncbody «ho will .nana, them, uul this | somebody is called a hu.-jban 1. For Uiis purpose they are sumptuously tir, ssed, paraded about taught a few flashy accomplishments, and do their best to catch a matrimonial prize. A cruel process for fathers to compel their young daughters to go through, especially as from the identical error of which we have last spoken, "contempt of work," young men dare not venture to marry fine ladies" who cannot even perform household work, and who, instead of a small 11 and one good servant to begin with, insist upon having a mansion at once, with a retinue of idlers, in order, as they say, to keep up their proper position. Time passes: no husbands have been found, chances 'diminish with years; the father becomes a bankrupt, or dies-and then what are the hapless women to do ? In the meanwhile the sons have their professions, some have gone abroad, others, perhaps, are at home earning fame and money. Thousands may have been spent on them during their father's lifetime to give them a start, while nothing of a similar kind was ever dreamt of being done for those who equally required it, and from whom it was an injustice to have withheld it. How much more kind and wise would it be, and certainly more Christian-like, were fathers to secure the comfort of their daughters by training them for some occupation or profession while they had a home and affectionate friends within it to encourage. them, than suffer their prospect of happiness to hang upon a mere chance, as is now done-a chance which when not met with sends many dreamy young girls to destruction, or to a lunatic asylum, because no other than this one object, and this only, is held up before them as the sole purpose of their existence. Moreover, suppose girls do marry, why should they go like paupers into the houses of their husbands ? If fathers will not permit their daughters to work, then they ought to secure to them por- tions, as is done in other countries, and whether for married or for single life, fathers should be reminded of .their duty towards those members of their family who are most reliant on a parent's forethought and care. The writer exposes with sorroAvful contempt the notion, not confined to the upper ten thousand, that work degrades women. Mothers with daughters, who from their humble circumstances must do some- thing or other for bread, are positively indignant when it is suggested that their girls ought to be trained for domestic service or for trades. No, work of that description might make their hands hard or brown. More genteel" occupation is aimed at. An anecdote is related of a young woman, of the richer class, showing the idea associated with work in the mind- In the course of his attendance upon a young lady who was ill, or fancied herself ill, the doctor perceiving that having nothing to do and want of exercise was the cause of her indisposition, and feeling rather at a loss what to re- commend, gently hinted, that it would do her a great deal of good were she to help the housemaid to make the beds, or to rub up the chairs and tables." The patient looking indignant, asked if he thought she would lower herself in that manner? She would do nothing of the sort, and told him he must prescribe something else. The next time the medical gentleman called it was evident the insult," as she termed it, bad been rankling in her mind, as the first words that met his ear were, I suppose, doctor, you will now propose scouring the floor as a remedy ?" I did not think of that," cooly answered the M.D., but now that you suggest it, I do think it would be an excellent thing for you to do." The patient looked in his face to see if he were in earnest, and finding he was, broke out into a violent passion at the degrading proposal. The M.D., not in the least daunted, to make matters worse, said, 14 I have no doubt your grandmother sometimes did things like scouring floors; she was a fine healthy woman." The young lady was now furious, (a, these sort of rich idlers always wish it to be presumed that their grandmothers were duchesses at least.) I tell you what it is, my young friend," said the M.D. before leaving, "if your grandmother had not been most industrious woman, you would not now be in the position you are." All honour to the Ent/lishwoman's Journal for such excellent advice as this- We read in history what befals nations when the women of any civilized country are handed over to ease and pleasure." When the poorer women are idle, and the richer frivolous, surely the hour is come when fathers, whose duty it clearly and imperatively is, should take the initiative in this matter, and weigh well the consequences of its neglect. To provide schools is one of the first steps to be taken. To send girls to those schools, and enforce upon them the rules and laws of labor, is the second. To take as much pains and trouble with their girls as with their boys not to wait until the former are mature, but to see that they are trained, and sent to acquire a knowledge of trade, business, art, or whatever employment best befits their position in life and their individual tastes or talents, precisely as is done in the case of sons. To make use at once and without delay of those openings which are now available, and to aid by every means in extending all such. S ich plans for the encouragement of the better employment of girls and women is the present bounden duty of every father in the land. When daughters are thus taught that" time"- is invalu- able, and that they, as well as their fathers and husbands, are responsible for its use or abuse, then, and notuntil then, will there be unity and happiness in domestic life. It will then have the basis it now wants, and a firmer, surer foundation will be laid than that of the smiles and tears, love-songs and sighs, snow and moonshine, and all those silvery veils and rainbow mists with which poets and sentiq mental novelists fill the hearts of our young girls. The other articles in this number are il Fruits in the Season," "Eianca Milesi Majon," High Living with Low Means," and Female Education in Michigan." THE ART JOURNAL.—The April number of the Art Journal, both in its artistic and literary departments, is excellent—worthy in every respect of its high reputation. We must of course notice first the large engravings, of which there are three— The Wounded Guerilla," The Death of Nelson," and The Skipping Rope." Sir n. Wilkie's fine and expressive nictnre it] th", l?n-<]l ai DUeKlJlgnam 1 alace, and the impression we have here is from the graver of Mr. Armitage. It re- presents a guerilla returning wounded from a skirmish. He is mounted on a mule, gaily capari- soned, and accompanied by an ecclesiastic. At the door of the house stands his wife, whose counte- nance exhibits the distress she feels at the pitiable condition of her husband. Turner in his great picture chose the Death of Nelson" to paint a sea-fight. The deck of the Victory is the principal feature in the composition, and oil it the painter has concentrated his chief powers, the rest beinO" little more than a mass of sails and rig"illo. but all represented with wonderful power. This fine painting has been beautifully engraved by Mr Allen. The other large engraving, The Skipping Rope," is from the graceful statue of Mrs. Thorny- croft. Although these engravings are admitted to be the principal attraction in the Art Journal, there are other sources of interest, particularly in the woodcuts, which are invariably executed with much care and skill. These cuts are interspersed in the letter-press, sometimes as an illustration of it and at other times even more than that the letter- press holding a very subordinate place. The Rev, E. L. Cutts has commenced a series of papers, The Hermits and Recluses of the Middle Ages," Wrttell so as to interest the student of Medieval his tol- as well as the artist. In Rome and her Works of Art" and The Hudson" there are some fine cuts. Mr. Heaphy's Examination into the Anti- quities of the likeness of our Blessed Lord" is of singular interest. Amongst the miscellaneous papers we have read with much pleasure Mr, Thomas Purnell's eloquent and powerful advocacy of the Female School of Art. THE FAMILY HERALD.-The principal tales in the Family Ilerald for April are Ambition" and Ada Hartley." The leading articles, always quaint and entertaining, are A Black Business," The Value of Fiction," Nervous People, 11 Our Domestic Nigger," and "King Coal." The corres- pondence, family, scientific, and useful matters, are all that can be desired in a magazine specially designed for the domestic circle. THE BAPTIST MAGAZINE.—There are several contributions in the April number of this magazine which specially concern the Baptist denomination, and some of more general interest. We find a short account of Mr. Spurgeon's New Tabernacle, with suggestions on the formation of building societies for the erection of chapels it also recommends the general use of iron chapels, which possess the advantage of remarkable cheapness. Mr. Spur- geon's papers from his note-book consist of extracts from letters of Lady Huntingdon, John Berridge, and John Elias. Good news from Nanking," is an appeal for missionary aid, by the Rev. 1. J. Roberts. The other notable papers are On Sacri- fice," by the Rev. J. Drew, On Punctuality in attending Avorsliip," by the Rev. J. P. Crown, Principal Tullock on Baptism," a memoir of the Rev. Joseph Clare, of Perth, and a historical sketch of the Grand Ligne Mission. "ESSAYS AND REVIEWS" ANTICIPATED. A small pamphlet has been published under the title of Essays and Reviews Anticipated: Extracts from a work published In the year 1825, alld attributed to the Lord Bishop of St. David's. The work re- ferred to is entitled A Critical Essay on the Gospel of St. Luke by Dr. Schleiermaeher, with an intro- duction by the Translator. It was published in the year 1825. The introduction," to use the words of the pamphlet, which occupies cliv pages, and also the translation, which, with a few ap- pended notes by the translator, occupies :O pages, are universally attributed to Mr. Connop Thirlwall, now the Lord Bishop of St. David's." The extracts which are here giwn from the introduction and the essay show that if the views advocated in them arc admitted all questions as to supernatural in- spiration, generally, and particularly in regard t our tirst three gospels, is at an end. All certainty respecting the discourses of Christ and the events of his life, as there represented, is gone. Our faith rests on tlv authority of rumours collected, no one knows Avhoii. where, or by whom scattered memo- randa supplied by illùivÍlluals whose name and country are unknoAvn, which have passed through various hands, and have been altered, interpolated, abridged, enlarged, corrupted to an unknown extentt"