The Welshman

RESPIRATION. I When the function of respiration is calmly and naturally performed, there are 18 respirations in a minute, consequently 1080 in an hour, or 25,020 in 24 hours. By each respiration one pint of air is sent into the lungs, and, consequently, in one minute 18 pints, in one hour upwards of two hogsheads, and in twenty- four hours, upwards of 57 hogsheads. In the usual de- gree ot health there are 72 pulsations of the heart in one minute; by every pulsation of the heart there are sent to the lungs two ounces of blood, consequently, in one minute 146 ounces, being within 18 cubic inches, exactly one imperial gallon in one huur nearly 4-30 piuts, or upwards of one hogshead; and in 24 hours nearly li,, oo pints, or upwards of 24 hogsheads. One circuit of the svstem is performed by the blood in ItiO seconds, conse- quently, -310 circuits in 24 hours so that there are three complete circuits of the blood through the human system in everv eight minutes of time. The evident purpose, therefore, of this delicate and complex structure and its wonderful action, which we have been describing, is to aerate the blood—to effect its complete ventilation. CAPITAL AXD LABOUR. h When speaking in a vein of abstraction, you talk about a certain amount of produce being" shared" between capital, labour, and intelligence, you conntenance the popular delusion that there is some sort of positive fund I which is divided between the contributoB to it very foolishly and unjustly, There is no such fund. T?cr,, is no such process of distribution. The large accumu- lations of wealth are not obt<Üned at the expense of anu; class, nor by any process of privation. Equality, if at all, is found only in the most savage states, as among the North American Indians as soon as pro- duction augments, its inequalities begin to be enhanced; and the greater the general augmentation, the greater is the inequality. A James Garth Marshall or a William Brown does not amass his immense fortune by depriving any one working-man of a farthing; on the contrary, the same process which has created the Browns and Marshalls has brought greatly increased wages, with a large supply of material comforts, to the working-man — liisuiore abundant meat, his wheaten bread, his tea, and sugar. Destroy or check the growth of great merchants and manufacturers, and you check the iden- tical process which has brought the welfare of the W Of king-c lasses. Spectator. M. AIIAGO. I Do you wish to satisfy yourself respecting the indo- lence of the savant, ask for information from the young astronomers attached to the observatory they tell you that never did a hnmnn brain encounter a more enor- mous mass of labour; that Arago deems every one an idler who does not work fourteen hours a day, and that days of this kind are for him days of repose. They will tell you, that this formidable man busies himself with politics, chemistry, physics, mechanics, astronomy, na- tural history, philosophy, literature, and that on a pinch he would make tragedies at least as good as those of Fontenelli; that he is in constant correspondence with all the savants of Europe that he is upon all the poli- tical, scientific, and useful committees of the world: that his cabinet is daily crowded with plans to be exa- mined, memoirs to analyse, petitions to advocate that all this passes regularly through his hands; and that, on the following day, the work is to be recommenced; that the government, the municipality, the establish- ments of public utility, and even private interests, find in him a counsellor and a guide as active as disinterested that his time is at every one's disposal; that whilst he has one eye on what his passing above, he has the other fixed on wha" is going on here below; and that, amid all his various and absorbing occupations he finds time to play the part of one of the most brilliant and delightful talkers of the saloons of Paris.-LivinJ Characters of Paris. THE PRINTERS "BANQUET. I I About the middle of September the journeymen printers of Paris made the usual arrangements to cele- brate their annual dinner. For several years not the slightest opposition had been offered to their so doing, particularly as the banquet was of a social and private c haracter, wholly unconnected with politics. But already had ministers and their friends entered on the false and fatal path which led them to destruction. The banquet was to have taken place at a restaurant. Just as the body of workmen was about to sit down, a commissary of po ice ordered them to disperse. Being backed, as the man in office was, by municipal guards and soldiers, the artizans, after protest, obeyed but determined not to be bauiked of their feast, demanded permission of a printer, known for his liberal opinions, to meet on his private premises, outside the town. The printer acceded, and as the law distinctly allows meeting in a private house, on the proprietor's own responsibility, no fear was felt for the result. But, with the idea which now actuated the prefect of police, guided as he was by the cabinet, legality was of little moment. Scarcely had the printers re-assembled at the locale which had been generously placed at their disposal, ere some hundreds of soldiers, municipal guards, and a commissary of police, presented themselves anew, entered the printer's house, and forcibly dispersed the assembly; which, however, as a last resort, scattered itself in knots of ten and fifteen, in the neighbouring estaminets, restau- rateurs, and wine shops, Here, however, again the indefatigable police appeared, and summoned the pro- prietors to turn them out. The insolent outrage excited little notice at the time, but that it was not without effect may be surmised from the fact that every journey- man printer in Paris turned out against the government during the three days of February 1843.—St. John o;t the Frifl!ch Ret"Otutiolt of IS tS. EXCESSIVE WORK. I This error does not belong peculiarly to the working classes—it is a common blunder in the mid- dle and trading portion of the community. Every enery is put ferth to "get on in the world." The acquirement of a fortune at the end of a life, and what must then be merely for physical enjoyment, is looked to as the end and aim of existence. For this every kind of mental culture is sacrificed, disregarded, and scorned. The individual only lives for his trade or calling he is "a man of business," and nothing else. He wears out the powers and faculties within him and suppose that in the process of time he does get on in the world, rises in society, and amasses a fortune, what is the result ? Why, he gives more splendid dinners, wears perhaps finer clothes, and has costlier furniture in his house. What then ? There is no heart or soul in these things ? no enjoyment or happiness in their possession. The tradesman has sacrificed to vanity what the poor working man in the iron district gives up for his drink and the one individual is about as wise as the other in the choice that they have made and the privi&tions t.hey have endured. There have been in- stances of men who, after an unremitting application of "ears had enabled them to retire from business in afflu- ence, found themselves like fish out of water for nature they had no eye of discernment; for books no mental appreciaiioii. They bought things, and when they had done so tiie sight only palled upon them until there have been those who have actually gone back at last and petitioned for a clerk's desk in their own old counting houses. All which cau result from exertions of this sort is, that, after living a very useless life, the man dies, ard, as the phrase goes, cuts up" for three tiniei as much as his neighbour. A steam engine has really more the appearance of a moral being than such spec i- mens of humanity; for its best faculties do not lie idle. Whatever powers it p')8eSSe", are brought into exercise ,eiiee aiicl t'tiiis it runs its under the direction of intelligence; arid thus it runs its race. It does its work witllOllt any accumulation of slIrplUiI labour in the form of gold to bequeath to any other steam el1ine, in order that that steam engine may stand idle at tiie terminus.— IF. J. Fox. A TRAVELLER'S TALE. ) In the coaching (hIp, before railways were in vogue, I I was one morning travelling from Newcastle to Lee ?i. At Darlington we were allowed half an hour for breakfast. When we got into the inn breakfast was not ready. We must have been there about a quarter of an hour before we got hold of anything and then some boiling hot cotfee was brought in. You may be sure we couldn't get on very fast with that; and before we had had half a breakfast, guard" blew his horn, coachman" cracked his whip, and a waiter came bustling ill to say, "gen- tlemen, coach is ready." Most of the passengers— there were fourteen of us-hunied off to take their places. I and a man of some experience" on the ro^id," and who I soon found was up to a thing or two," were left alone. Pick up all the spoons," said my companion, and I obeyed like lightning, without asking why. Put them in the coffee-pot," said he, and I did as he told me. I saw that he intended making a breakfast, and so I sat do-in to a piece of cold beef with the same ititeiition but I could hardly eat lor laughing. A waiter walked in, and on ap- I proaching the table shewed signs of uneasiness. He went out again, and returned with the landlord. A question or two was asked about the spoons, and my companion said the waiter must have taken them away. This would not go down with the host, and he caused every passenger to be called into the room again. By this time our coffee was becoming drinkable. When the passengers were again assembled, several questions were put about the spoons, but nobody knew anything pf them. The landlord was oa the point of hating a general search, when my friend said, Look in the poffee-pot fiict." The waiter lifted up the lid, and appeared to understancj arid enjoy the juke, The hlld-

HOUSE OF LORDS, THURSDAY, ?>hRCH 30. runilic OFFICERS. The Earl of Ellenborough called attention to the abstract of the annual account of increase and diminu- tion in the number of persons employed, and in salaries, emoluments, allowances, and expenses, in all public de- partments. N (J less than 1,2)0 persons had been added to the number of those employed during the past year, 1,109 of whom had been added to the Post-office, and 111 to other departments, all which had entailed upon the country an increased annual charge of £110,000. He moved for returns connected with the subject. The Marquis of Lansdowne assented to the returns, observing that the Government was anxious to afford the fullest information. After a few words from Earl Grey, Lord Auckland, the Marquis of Cianricarde, and Lord Stanley, the motion was withdrawn on account of a defect in its form, the noble lord who moved it intimating that he would com- municate with the Government as to the form in which it should be received. The House adjourned at half-past six. FRIDAY, MARCH 31. The Marquis of Lansdowne, in answer to a question put by Lord Beaumont, as to the operation of the act lately passed for the repression of crime and outrage in Ireland, observed that the operation of the act had been most satisfactory, having led to the almost total sup- pression of the outrages which had so imperatively called for the interference of Parliament. He rejoiced to say that, notwithstanding the efforts of a few persons dis- posed to mischief, the desire to support the authorities in preserving peace and order was very general. The spirit evinced by the Catholic clergy had been most praiseworthy. Lord Stanley was glad that the clergy had shown a disposition to array themselves on the side of law and order. He wished, however, to call the attention of the Government to the fact that crimes were at this moment prevalent in Ireland not amounting perhaps to treason, but so far beyond mere sedition"that the punishment of fine and imprisonment was inadequate to meet the exi- gency. This was a matter which called for the imme- diate consideration of the Government. After a few words from another noble lord, the subject dropped. The other business was disposed of, and their lordships adjourned.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, THURSDAY, MARCH SO. NEW WRIT. On the motion of Mr Grogan, a new writ was ordered to be issued for the borough of AVicklow, in the room of Col. Acton, who has accepted the office of steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. ILLNESS OF THE SPEAKER. After the transaction of some unimportant business, the House adjourned (at a little before five) on account of the Speaker, who was suffering so severely from sore throat and cold, that it was impossible to hear a single I word that he said in the reporters' gallery. FRIDAY, MAIICH 31. The Earl of March moved for the issue of a new writ for the borough of Horsham. Mr. Hume moved as an amendment, that in no case in which an election should be declared void for treating or bribery, should a new writ issue, until a general inquiry had taken place by a select committee upon the subject. After some discussion, Lord John Russell observed that although he would oppose the amendment proposed by Mr. Hume, on account of its very general character, he was neverthe- less of opinion that in this particular case the writ should be suspended until some inquiry was made into the state of the borough. Some further desultory conversation took place, where- upon, The Earl of March, perceiving that it was the general impression that the writ should be suspended, withdrew his motion. Mr. Hume after remarking that his object had been at- tained withdrew his amendment, and the subject dropped. Lord John Russell then, in answer to a question put by Mr. Hume, explained the circumstances under which Lord Minto had interposed in the affairs of Naples and Sicily, his interposition not amounting to an interference with either party, being confined to a friendly mediation between the parties, to which the noble lord had been in- vited. by the King of Naples. After a desultory conversation on the subject of clear- ances and evictions in Ireland, during which it was inti- mated that it was the intention of the Government to bring in a bill to meet the case, the House, on the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, went into committee of supply. Mr. F. Mnule then proceeded to detail to the House the amount of force which it was necessary that this country should possess for its own protection, and that of its dependencies. After which he moved that 113,847 men be the amount of the land force, exclusive of those employed in the East India Company's service. Mr. Hume proposed, as an amendment, that, instead of 113,847, the number 100,000" be substituted. After a discussion, which lasted for some time, the committee divided, when the numbers were— For the amendment. 39 Against it. 293 1\lajority. 254 Sir W. Molesworth then moved, as an amendment, that the number moved for be reduced by 5,449 men, the number now returning from India. The committee divided, and the numbers were- For the amendment. 45 Agai nst it 246 Majority. 201 Ihe original motion was then agreed to. Some other votes were then taken in committee, after which the House resumed. The Property-tax Bill was then read a third time and passed. The other business was then disposed of, and the House adjourned.

PROPOSED REFORM OF THE COUNTY I COURTS. [From the I The working of the County Courts Bill, though incom- parably better than that of the old system for the reco- very of small debts, is still, it appears, not quite perfect. The Association for the Protection of Trade have been picking holes in the measure in it memorial they have issued, and in which is intended to exhibit the weak points and shortcomings of the bill. They enumerate sundry drawbacks and defects, but one thing they do not pretend to deiiv-viz., that the law of debtor and creditor has been wonderfully accelerated in its opera- tion. The suppliant, for justice has not to wait long, nor is the luckless debtor exposed to protracted suffer- ing; he is put quickly out of his misery, and owing to the despatch which is the characteristic of these courts, the pang of an adverse decision, though sharp, is usually very short. The cost, too, of being thus compelled to pay a debt by a relentless creditor is so moderate, that a man can really afford to be sued without being ruined as often happened under the legal regime of bygone days. These model courts for the attainment of cheap justice are, nevertheless, capable of amendment. The exaction of too many fees is a prominent grievance alleged by the Association; and the fee, in particular, charged for making a search, is deemed specially objectionable. After judgment a creditor is anxious to know whether his debtor has paid any instalments. To ascertain this interesting fact, he must come down with a fee to the clerk and when told perhaps that not a farthing has been paid in liquidation, he naturally thinks iie has been charged rather high for the satisfaction of his curiosity. Fees, however, seem to be the life-bood of every legal system, and will be the last nuisance abolished. To give information ought to be a part of the duty of the under officials, and a salary is the proper reward for its performance. Once paid by salary, however, they become intolerably careless and insolent, whereas by fees they are sometimes stimulatel1 to the display of common civility and diligence. This being the case, the fees iilu-,? be regulated if they cannot be abolished. To be obliged to disburse a shilling for the pleasure oflearning that one's debtor has done nothing to lessen the claim, is adding insult to injury in a ratio that cannot be much longer endured. We have already done justice to the celerity which is the boast of these courts. Some of our judicial func- tionaries are said to have boasted privately of being able to try a man, examine witnesses, and transport him in less than ten minutes and the feat, we believe, has been accomplished at the Old Bailey. Swift as is justice at the County Court, the associated proctors of trade drop a hint, for making it more speedy still. The reform they :Jr:1Y for is that judgment may be allowed to go by de- fault, if no written notice is given by the defendant of an intention to defend. The suggestion savours of its origin, and if carried out would work better for plaintiffs than defendants. There is a duty to the latter order of persons, and we doubt whether it would be performed by adopting the proposed plan. The plaintiff would have too many chances in his favour; and looking at the description of persons who are usually sue d —often not able tv read, much less to wille-the requirement of a written notice would be often equal to a denial of justice. It would, in numberless cases, preclude the hearing and development of the merits of the case. Many circum- stances might prevent a defendant giving the right notice, who might nevertheless make a good defence at the right time. We are afraid that the Association for the Protection of Trade aim at protecting themselves much more than the public. They want to ensure too many points of the game, and the proposition for mulcting the defendant by default, without written notice be given, is much too summary to our taste. Quick law is not always equivalent to speedy justice.

THE POTENTIAL MOOD.—M. Ledru-Rollin seems to wish to rule France with his" absolute shall." Let us hope the future will prove this "absolute shall" to be overruled in time by the" popular v-vill.Pittich. A Cantab having been offended by the Mayor of Cam- bridge, whose trade was a butcher, resolved to take an opportunity of being even with him, when it came to his turn to preach before the corporation. This happening soon after, in his prayer before the sermon, he intro- duced the following pointed expressions—" And since, 0 Lord thou has commanded us to pray for our enemies, herein we beseech thee for the Right \A orshipful the Mavor—give him the strength of Sampson and the courage ot David, that he may knock down sin iike an ox, and cut the throat of iniquity like a sucking calf, and let his horn be exalted above his brethren." A SEVERE ATTACK OF RHEUMATISM CURED BY HOL- LOWAY'S PILLS AXD OINTMENT.—Mrs. Bailiie, a Vint- ner, at Oban, had suffered during the last two years with frequent attacks of rheumatism, which left her in a state of great debility in April last the pains were most ex- cruciating, neither medicine or medical aid afforded any relief until she used Holloway's Pills and Ointment, when these valuable remedies in a short time restored her to perfect health and strength. Holloway's Oint- ment and Pills are efficacious in cases of gout, contracted or stiff joints, glandular swellings, tumours and unna- tural enlargements: they by perseverance may be always

I FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. 1 THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.-PRESENT STATE I OF PARIS. The correspondent of the Morning Chronicle writes thus on Wednesday evenin, This has been a very calm day here, and a feeling begins to arise in some quarters that the financial crisis, which is the real and most pressing difficulty of the mo- ment, has reached its culminating point. A banker, who was last night for some time with the Minister of the Finances, informs me that M. Gamier Pages, though he admits the still distressed position of the Government in its pecuniary arrangements, affirms that it is not nearly as bad as has been represented, and that he has every reason to think that we have seen the worst. I mention this fact because I feel convinced that the Minister represented matters as my friend states, but I must admit that I cannot see anytning in our present situation that can be considered like evidence of im- provement. Trade is still completely at a stand still. Many manufacturers no longer work at all. One or two manufactories are kept open, but the work done appears to be at the risk of the workmen themselves, who are, in fact, trying, under :\1. Louis Blanc's auspices, to bring that gentleman's theories into practice. It is true that no further failures are announced, but the reason of that is that merchants and tradespeople having bills falling due, find no difficulty in getting them re- newed, or the payment postponed, because the creditors know that if they force on a settlement they will drive the debtors to desperation, and lose all. It is verv evident that among people of property confidence has not been restored. A vast quantity of valuables are daily leaving Paris, which are the property, not' of the timid and the ignorant, but of those who are supposed to be the best informed on the real position of affairs. It is said that the chief partner in one of the banking establishments of Paris, who was known to have sent away a large amount of property, has been informed by the Government that he himself will not be allowed to leave Paris. If this be true (and I do not venture to affirm it), it conveys a signal proof not only of the little faith to be put in the assertions of those who assume the character of optimists, but of the absence of security in any case where the safety of the Republic" demands violence. The correspondent of the Times writes on Thurs- day Paris may be said to be tranquil, but as noisy as usual. Last night several additional trees of liberty were planted amid the cheers and shouts of the people, the chanting of national songs and the firing of musketry. A more serious demonstration was, however, made at the office I of La Presse newspaper, in the Rue Montmartre. About eleven o'clock a body of 300 or 400 persons presented themselves in front of it, crying Down with La Presse M. Emile de Girardin (the principal editor) caused the doors of the office to be thrown open instantly, and addressing the assemblage, requested they would nominate three or four among them, with whom he might confer on the subject of their complaints. This being done the conference took place, and lasted nearly two hours, at the end of which the parties retired, de- claring themselves perfectly satisfied of M. de Girardin's intentions. However favourable was this conclusion of an affair that might have become serious it was accompanied by a proceeding still more agreeable and reassuring. The Central Republican Society, the most exalte of all the clubs — (presided, over I believe, by M. Blaiiqui), which was then sitting, having learned that the liberty of the press was seriously threatened in the person of M. de Girardin, arrived for his protection but, as I have just said, the matter had already been happily adjusted. The National draws a gloomy picture of the situation of Paris and of Fiance at this moment. In it-,i article, recommending the reduction of the salaries of all public functionaries and employes, that same official journal contends that that measure cannot be evaded, living as we do in the midst of universal embarrassment—when all negotiable securities are depreciated -when rents are everywhere lowered—when all commercial move- ment is at an end—when production diminishes—when the operatives cannot find work—when everybody expe- riences a diminution of his capital or in his income — when, in noe, the whole world is suffering." You will regret to observe in another article in the same influential paper, a recommendation of hostility towards Great Britain in the shape of a new continental blockade, rendered necessary by the impossibility to contend with British nnnufactures, produced at so much less expense than is now, or will be in future, possible in France." THE CLUBS. I The agitation in Paris had begun to subside in some degree. In the clubs violent motions continued to be made, but they were instantly repressed by the Moderes, who appear to be the majority. For example, in the Central Republican Club on Thursday and Friday nights last, some young members proposed most extravagant resolutions, and caused so much confusion that the president sent to the Prefecture of Police for a detach- ment of the armed force. T: e Prefect M. Caussidiere, who is no less remarkable for bjnhommie than for reso- lution, sent instantly a party of his montagnards, who by their mere appearance, put an end to the tumult, and order was restored. At a recent meeting of one of the clubs in Paris a violent Democrat declaimed, amidst the applause of his hearers, against the evils of property and the injustice of land- lords, and urged confiscation. He was succeeded by a cook, who nianfuliystated his disinclination to concur in the recommendation of the orator. He endeavoured to show that the sweeping charge against landlords was unjust, that there many good as well as bad, and that it would be unfair to include all in one condemnation. But let us, he added, take another view of the case. If you confiscate their property and give it to others, what ad- vantage would result. I, for example, am cook to a gen- tleman, who until the late revolution held the rank of duke. He is a kind man and liberal to those who serve him. I receive from him good waHres, and I give him in return good dinners. We were mutually satisfied. Reverse the order of things !—I should be sorry, gentle- men, to invite you to dinners of his cooking." The General Election Committee h3, chosen by ballot the following list of the 34 candidates for the repre- sentation of the department of the Seine ;— Dupont (de 1'Eure), Lamartino, Arago, Marie, Armand Marrast, Gamier Pages, Albert, Ledru Rollin, Ferd, Flocon, Louis Blanc, Cremieux, members of the Provisional Government Reeuft, Deputy Mayor of Paris; A. Cor- bon, Journeyman Sculptor, Editor of the Atelier Gur- nard, Chkf of the Staff of the National Guard; Danguy, Compositor, Editor of the Atelier; Beranger, the cele- brated Poet; Carnot, Minister of Public Instruction Bettimont, Minister of Commerce and Agriculture La- mennais, the Abbe; Leroz, Journeyman Jeweller, founder of a working association Bucliez, Deputy Mayor of Paris; E. Cavaignac, Minister of War; J. Bastide, Secretary General of Foreign Affairs David d'Angers, Statuary; Savary, Journeyman Shoemaker, Editor of the Fratemite; Curtais, Commandant of the National Guard of the Seine; Ch. Thomas, Director of the 7Ya- tional; Pagnerre, Secretary General of the Provisional Government; Degousse, Civil Engineer; Trelat, Phy- sician Lounette, Journeyman Cabmet-maker: Audry de Puyraveau Philippe Le Bas, Member of the Insti- tute, D' ltoii Shee. The last named is the Count d'Alron Shee, who used to take pleasure in repeating in the Chamber of Peers, to the horror of the Chancellor Pasquier, that he was neither a Catholic nor a Christian. Besides these 34 names, a supplementary list is given of 16 names which obtained the greatest number of suffrages, among which appear those of Cormenin, so well known as Timon Caussidiere, Prefect of Police; Domes, one of the writers of the Sational; v aulrhelle, the author of The History of the Reformation Pascal, proprietor of the Atelier newspaper, and several working men. It is curious that even the ex-Libel ai members for Paris are excluded from this list, the capital thus setting the ex- ample of a rejection of the old opposition. But this is not all, for the Constitutionnel flirm" that Louis Blanc and the delegates of trades, appointed for the exclusive purpose of inquiring into the organisation of labour, are about to transform themselves into an Electoral Com- mittee, and to settle a list of candidates for Paris, which most probably will be taken from the working classes. Another stretch of the delegated despotism of the go- vernment is reported. It appears that the commissary of Metz has authorised the bankers of the department of La Moselie not to return to their clients the sums (le- posited in their care before July The decree, however, of the Provisional Government published on the same day will annul this act. M. Louis Latrade, after having come to Paris to take the orders of government, has returned to Bordeaux fur- nished with fresh instructions, and attended by two pupils of the Ecoie Poiytechnique. FINANCE AND COMMERCE. Saturday, says the correspondent of the Globe, was a dreadful day ill Paris as to money. Tradesmen, pos- sessed of large fortunes in securities, were actually unable to raise money to pay their servants and work- men. None of the bankers would lend money even on Treasury bonds; and I saw fourteen I,OOOf. shares of the Grande Montagne Mining Company, which were not long since at 2,600f. each, offered at 250f. each, and no purchasers. The Government has suffered much in public opinion for publishing two false public tele- graphic despatches about Berlin. Wriat nonsense of the commissioners to send telegraphic despatches about every public-house rumour, and wnat weakness in the Government to publish them! THE CLERGY. The correspondent of the Times says, on Monday :— Among the clergy a most extraordinary revolution is perceptible. After the events of July, 18;)0, I remember feeling some difficulty in detecting a priest or other ecclesiastic under tiie disguise that each had assumed. They go abroad now with their hands en soutane, and with all other emblems of their profession. They do more. This forenoon I saw the planting of one of the innumerable trees of liberty that have been raised to-day —it was at the Place du Chatelct. The cure of the adjoining parish, attended by his inferior clergy, at- tended and blessed the Arbre de la Liberte. He went further he made a very animated speech, in which, pointing to a crucifix, he said, in recommendation of good feeling and unanimity, Our divine Redeemer descended from Heaven to preach to us fraternity and equality, and the cross upon which he suffered for our sins was the first tree of Liberty." Persons ma y perhaps elsewhere be found who will not approve of this discourse, but I can assure you there was but one feeling—satis- faction—expressed respecting it by his auditory. The clergy, high and low, are in fact identifying themselves with the Revolution and, in order to spare the people the sin of indulgence without clerical leave during the exciting period of the elections, the Bishops have applied to the Pope for authority to permit the use of flesh meat/it that epoch, which, it was calculated, would have arrived during Lent. MISCELLANEOUS. Galignani reports that the investigation into the affairs of M. Libri, Guizot's thievish confidant, is ac- tively proceeding, and several fresh seizures have been made — Thirty volumes have been seized in the house of a M. C. situate in the Rile de l'Est. Ten thousand volumes have been also seized in the apartment which M. Libri had quitted in the H.ue d'Enfer, and .0,000 others in another apartment which he had hired in the same street. Thirty valuable volumes have also been found in the possession of a bookbinder, in whose hands they had been placed by M. Libri, in order to change the | binding. Two boxes containing books have also been been placed under oftieial sea l. At one of the late meet- bccn placed under official seal. At one of the late meet- ings of the Academy of Sciences M.Libri presented himself, and his arrival caused a painful feeling among his colleagues assembled. One of the members took a sheet of paper, on which he wrote as follows We have reason to be astonished that M. Libri should have had the boldness to come and take a seat in an assembly of honourable men." The paper then circulated from hand to hand, and at length reached M. Libri, bearing the signature of every one present. That gentleman immediately rose and made his retreat The police is daily discovering and seizing valuable articles taken from the Tuileries on February 21th, which have been retained by some persons for their his- torical interest, and by others for their intrinsic value, which they have hoped to realise at a future day. On Tuesday (March 21) was found in the hands of a private individual in the Rue Montmartre, a group in bronze of the finest workmanship, representing a wild horse as- sailed by wolves, taken from the apartment of the late Madame Adelaide and in the possession of a person at Yangirard a gold bracelet of great price, set with tur- quoise stones. The Provisional Government has received a letter from Abd el Kader, dated the loth, from which we extract the following passage:- Citizen Oliivier—Your delegate came to me yesterday and informed me that the French are now all united for one sole object, and have abolished royalty in order that France may be governed by the republic. 'I was rejoiced to hear this, because I have read in books that such a state of things is proper for nations, as it destroys in- justice and prevents the strong from oppressing the weak, and that consequently all become brothers. Al- luding to his own position, he says I demanded of General Lamoriciere to have me conveyed to Alexandria, in order that I might proceed from that place to Mecca and Medina, and for this I asked for his word as a Frenchman. This he gave me in a letter in Arabic, which he signed in French. When this letter reached me, and in the conviction that the word of the French was sacred, I surrendered to him. If he had said, I cannot promise what you ask,' I should not have sur- rendered. I felt certain that the word of the French was solid, even if given by a private soldier. Things are now changed, and this conviction has vanished. I supplicate you to do me justice, and to transform my sadness into joy and happiness. I fear that some of you may think that I should return to Algeria and revive troubles. This is impossible, and can never happen. Do not doubt what I say on this subject any more than you would doubt if I were dead, for I place myself among the number of the dead. My sole desire is to go to Mecca and Medina, there to study and adore God to my last hour." Admiral Baudin, who commands the fleet at Toulon, has addressed a letter to the Provisional Government, placing at their disposal, for the purposes of the State, the sum of 5,000f. (£200) per annum, to which he is en- titled as a member of the Board of Longitude. We read in the Times of Monday:- Our private letters state that a perfectly good under- standing now subsists between MM. Lamartine and Ledru Rollin. It was, nevertheless, reported that a test was to be proposed to the officers of the National Guard about to be elected which would bind them to take part with the people against all other classes, in case of a difference between them on public grouuds. The number of persons carried to the hospitals of Paris in a wounded state, during the three days of Feb- ruary, amounted to 703, of whom, by the last returns, 150 have since died. The Peuple Constituant states as a positive fact that M. Guizot has written to the Provisional Government to demand the amount of his salary as President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs during the month of February last; this, however, is contradicted on authority" by the Times and Standard. Paris is supposed to contain 200,000 men possessing the elective franchise. Of these one-tenth only have availed themselves of the privilege by registering their claims to it within the time first prescribed by the Pro- visional Government. A decree extends the period for registration until midnight of the 20Lh of April. The National says Louis Philippe had placed 600,000f. of rentes on the ( litre or the public deb., but this investment took place- under different feigned names. Whilst ".1. Marrast was administrator of the civil list he discovered this fact, and the inscriptions have been placed in the same conditions of surveillance as the other property which belonged to the ex-King." ITALY. The following is the account of the evacuation of Milan given by a Paris raper:- <:> The heroic population of Milan has triumphed. The Austrians evacuated the citadel on the night of the 22nd to the 23rd. They started in three columns, in the direction of Mantua, Verona, and Placentia. The fol- lowing are the details:-Oil the 23rd, the bcrsagliiri, or Piedinontes chasseurs, the advanced guard of the army of Charles Albert, entered Milan. The same day the Austrian troops, who had cannonaded the town till five in the morning, suddenly evacuated the fortress without capitulating, hoping to escape, by a prompt retreat, from the vengeance and the reprisals of the populace. But the Milanese, whom the bombardment of the houses had exasperated, and whose enthusiasm had been roused by the arrival of the Piedmontese auxiliaries, attacked the Austrians, who were already in disorder, and a regular butchery followed. Now these troop:, are in flight, chased by the peasantry and the people of Milan. Among the trophies of victory is the sword of Marshal Radetski, which was carried about Milan in triumph on the top of a pole. A great number of wounded Austrians were found in the castle. It is not known what has become of Marshal Hadetski. All the other towns of Lombardy have risen, and most of them are free. Pavia is abandoned by the garrison. Reggio, Padua, Verona, Mantua, and Venice have raised the Italian tricolour flag. At Mantua, the Bishop, in the face of the foreign troops, blessed the tricolor flag. The Piedmontese Gazette of the 21th has the fol- lowing:- His Majesty has decided in a Council of Ministers — 1. The immediate calling out of the two classes neces- sary to complete the ranks of the army.-2. The departure for tiie frontier of all the regiments of infantry, artillery, and cavalry.—3. The acceptance ofthe cnerous offers made by private individuals of the means of trans- port, and voluntary contributions for the support of the army.—4. The order to the army of reserve to be ready to march at the first signal.—5. The opening of a volun- tary and temporary loan at 5 per cent.—6. The names of lenders to be inserted in the journals." The last information from Milan is up to the 24th. The foreign consuls residing in that city had collectively protested during the conflict against the bombardment, till the subjects of their respective countries had retired. The bombardment commenced on the 22nd, but with little effect. The number of killed on the part of the Austrians exceeds 2,000 the loss of the people is con- siderably smaller, owing to their having fired only when sure of their mark, while the platoon-fire of the troops was almost neutralized by the barricades. Torresani has fled Bolza and many other functionaries of the police are in the hands of the people. Marshal Radetzsky, it is said, has been arrested at last, dis- guised as a priest. It is asserted that the Austrian troops pillaged several houses. The Brera quarter has suffered most. A number of proclamations have been issued by the Provisional Government of Milan, directing the people to preserve their barricades, and to enrol themselves regu- larly—providing for bread, meat, and other necessities also for the defence of the public establishments, and other exigencies of the circumstances. No sooner had the news from Milan become known at Florence than the Grand Duke issued a proclamation, dated the 21st, in which, after announcing that the hour of the complete regeneration of Italy had arrived, he calls upon his subjects to take up arms in defence of the common cause, and states that the necessary orders had been given for the immediate departure of the regular troops, in two columns one for Pietrasanta, another for San Marcello; the former under the orders of the general in chief of the regular troops, the other under those of Col. Laugier. The proximate conclusion of a general Italian league is also announced in the same proclamation. In consequence of a general rising of Parma and Placenza, the Duke has taken to flight. A provisional government, composed of the most illustrious personages of the city, has been formed, among them Count San Vitale and Pellegrini. The first act of the new Government was to proclaim the incorporation of the duchy with Piedmont, and the adoption of the Sardinian constitution. Pavia has likewise effected its liberation. It was evacuated by the Austrian garrison, on the approach of a column of 500 Genoese volunteers, commanded by Count. Crivelli. -_uun- AUSTRIA. At Inspruck, a manifestation against the Jesuits took place. A shower of stones, amidst some horrible impre- cations, broke the windows of the convent. Benjanimo Siegwart M filler, the late leader 01 the Sonderbund, having faHen under their hands, was severely beaten. The Wiener Zeitung of the 23th of March acknow- ledges an address of the English residents of Vienna to the people of Aii-trii, and says that this address has ill'H12 a deep impression upon the inhabitants of the capital, and that it has tended to strengthen the sym- pathies which the Austrians have ever felt for the generous British nation, the first-born of freedom among the great European nations." The same paper publishes an answer of the German nation to the King of Prussia," in which it reproaches the King for appealing to the Prussian people and the German nation amidst the thunder of the artillery and the death groans of murdered citizens it taunts the King with his former want of good faith, and protests that, as Germany is not threatened by any danger what- ever, the King had no business to anticipate the decision of the German Parliament by taking the lead of Ger- many. The King is told that Germany will bear with him as long as Prussia does so, but no longer, and that his Majesty's claims on the confidence of the German nation are inadmissible. The article contains many salutary truths amongst much exaggeration and bit- terness, and concludes by conjuring the King to re- frain from sowing the seeds of dissension among the nations of Germany. The Wiener Zeitung contains also numerous letters from Lombardy, Styria, and Gallicia, expressive of the popular enthusiasm in those provinces, and their adhe- sion to the concessions of the Austrian Government. The late events in Lomhardy show how little such com- munications can be relied on. I GERMANY. The Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of the -7 th publishes an address, signed by a few publishers and authors of Leipsie, in which they protest against the King of Prussia's plan for the regeneration of Germany as expressed in his Majesty's proclamation. The same feeling of dissatisfaction and suspicion of the ascendancy of Prussia pervades the papcrs recei ved from Vienna and from Southern Germany. I BELGIUM. The menaced invasion of the fraternal" legion has ended in the complete discomfiture of these would-be regenerators, without the slightest bloodshed or struggle. This fortunate solution of a difficulty which had inspired some apprehensions is to be attributed partly to the prudent measures adopted by the Government, frankly and honourably aided by the French authorities in the department of the North, and partly to the attitude assumed by the rural populations in the vicinity of Quiey- rain, who spontaneously came forward to assist the public The facts are these A band or legion, consisting of betwerll eight and nine hundred men.protesting to be Belgians, but decorated with French cockades a.id car- rying other French emblems, started from Paris on the 24th uit. by rail, and reached the frontier about daylight on the 25th. Upon drawing near the Quievrain station, they were received by a regiment of infantry, two squa- drons, a large force of gensdarnies and armed revenue officers Upon seeing this demonstration, which boded little success to the expedition, the leaders were seized with a sudden panic, and, springing from the carriages, sought to make their escape, with shouts of Sauve qui pent, nous sommes flancs The public force, backed by the peasantry armed with scythes and pitchforks, then closed round the convoy and captured the whole body. Those who were armed were then deprived of their weapons. Those whose passports were not in order were arrested and escorted to prison whilst those whose papers were "en regie," were immediately despatched to their respective parishes under the guardianship of the police; so that in the course of a few hours the whole legion was safely disposed of. The only casualty spoken of is the leg of one of the panic-stricken leaders broken in springing from a waggon before the train arrived at the station. RUSSIA AND POLAND. The following appears in the Constitutionnel, taken from a letter received from Poland Thirty thousand Russians are on the frontiers of Gallicia, at some leagues from Cracow-50,0,10 Russians occupy Russian Poland—20,000 are in AVarsaw. The Russian Guard is marching towards the Duchy of Posen reserves have been called from the interior and the corps stationed at the side of Odessa, and towards Tur- key, have received orders to send 15,000 men towards Gallicia. The Caucasian army is about to be diminished, and placed rigidly on defensive. Schamil has organised communications with Constantinople, in order to know what is passing in Europe. His intention is to take the offensive as soon as hostilities have commenced in Poland. There are from 60,000 to 80,000 Poles in the Caucasus. The Government is not easy about Southern Russia. The Cossacks impatiently support the harsh administration of the Czar. Letters from St. Petersburgh, of the 10th ult., would indicate that the revolutionary movement in Russia, which lately seemed inevitable, was more near at hand than had been anticipated. At the date of those letters the Russian capital was in a state of great agitation. A pistol shot had been fired at the Emperor as he rode through the streets, the ball of which passed through his hat. There is nothing of importance from Poland in those journals. The St. Petersburgh journals of the 19th of March make no mention whatever of the reported attack upon his Maiesty. UNITED STATES. By the packet ship New World" advices to the 11th ult., have been received from New York. A communica- tion by telegraph from AVashington announces the fact of the Mexican treaty having been accepted, subject to some few minor modifications, by a majority in the Senate of 58 to 15, What these modifications consist of can only at present be gleaned from the correspondence of parties at Wash- ington, supposed to have good means of acquiring information, as the injunction of secrecy under which the proceedings have been carried on has not been removed. The boundary of the 321ld parallel, it is said, stands as proposed. An attempt to fix the Wilmot proviso, prohibiting slavery in the acquired territory has failed. Then comes the main point of difference, the question of religion, on which both contracting parties have appeared to be so decidedly positive. The whole ninth article, guaranteeing the supremacy of the Romish Church in California, and the religious grants and rights, has been rejected, and upon this question some difficulty is anticipated from the known determined opinions of the Mexicans on the matter. A substitute has been adopted affording unrestrained religious toleration, which is as far as the United States constitution is capable of going. A clause in the treaty provides that this territory should be incorporated into the Union as soon as possible. This has been amended by substituting "as soon as proper and suitable," leaving the discretion absolutely in Congress, and imposing no obligation of immediate ad- mission in territorial capacity. It is the opinion of Mr. Calhoun, and other distin- guished men, that California and new Mexico cannot fit themselves for admission as states under 20 years while there are others of equally eminent position, who extend the time to 30 years. The article providing for the payment of the 15,000,000 dols. to Mexico, has been so amended as to make the annual instalments payable in coin in Mexico, rejecting the alternative of transferable stock as agreed by the treaty. An attempt was made to strike out the 3,250,000 dols. provided as the maximum for the claims of American citizens against Mexico, but failed by a vote nearly una- nimous. The object was to afford the claimants larger latitude.

THE EX-ROYAL FAMILY OF PItANcu.The Count and Countess de Neuilly, with the members of their family circle, remain in the strictest retirement atClare- mont. Nothing can exceed the plain and unostenta- tious manner in which the household of the illustrious exiles is ordered, the most rigid economy being ob- servable in all its arrangements. C THE FRENCH RAILWAYS.—The Government has re- solved not to go on for the present with the plan for taking possession of the railways at a valuation. No official notice has been given out, but it is understood that the Minister of the Finances has reported to the Provisional Government that the question is one which ought to be left for the decision of the National As- sembly, and that the Government will act upon that report. A letter from Melilla states that on the 16th an en- gagement took place between the Spaniards of the gar- rison of that place and the Kabyles of the Riff, whose attitude is represented as becoming more and more menacing" fevevy day, particularly since the occupation of the Zaffaiina isles. On the morning of the day men- tioned, a body of 900 soldiers, to whom 100 armed galley siaves were joined, made a sortie to spike three pieces of cannon, which for some time had annoyed them. The Bidassoa schooner, and the Vulcano war steamer, came close to the land to support them. The Arabs defended the guns with great firmness, but were forced back. The Spaniards succeeded in spiking one gun, but being then attacked by a large force of Arabs, were obliged to give way in their turn, and at least a retreat was ordered. This was effected in good order, and they got safely into the town, with the loss of one man killed and thirty wounded. The galley-slaves be- haved with great gallantry. The Arabs, it is said, had 200 killed or wounded. THIRTY-SIX HOURS IN A SEWEn.-On Thursday morning one of those extraordinary beings who gain a precarious subsistence by penetrating into the sewers of the metropolis, in search of coins or other valuables that may be washed into them through the drains, was taken out of the main sewer, in Broad-Street, Golden-square, in a very exhausted state, having been thirty-six hours en- deavouring to find his way out, which from having advanced further than was his custom, to recover some silver that had been dropped down a grating near the Seven Dials, he was unable to accomplish. Fortunately, his cries were heard by a tradesman at the corner of Berwick-street and Broad-street, opposite whose house there is a man-hole which he had contrived to climb; and, assistance being procured, he was liberated. DEATH FROM AIR IN A VEIN.-All inquest was held at Barnes on Wednesday, on the body of William Richards, a coal porter aged 39. Dr. Willis deposed that he had treated deceased for inflammation of the upper part of the windpipe. On Saturday morning the doctor inserted a seton in the usual way, pinching up the skin with the finger and thumb and passing the seton needle through it. The needle entered two-and-a-half inches above the breastbone, and not at all near the jugular vein, or other large blood-vessel. At the mo- ment of its entrauce, I heard a slight, momentary hissing sound. For an instant I fancied that I had opened into a subcutaneous abscess communicating with the wind- pipe but almost at the same moment, when I looked in the man's face, I saw that another and far more serious event had occurred—that the rushing of the air was not out from the windpipe, but into some small vein which had be,?n implicated in the operation. The man became pale, fainted, and then became rigid and convulsed. Dr. Cormack was with me in hall an hour. He entirely concurred with me as to the nature of the accident. Dr. Cormack bled him. Before the bleeding he was almost pulseless. After it the pulse became good, and he seemed every way better. Dr. Cormack remained with deceased from two till four, when he died. My opinion is that death resulted from the convulsions excited by the entrance of air into a vein divided by me in the trifling operation of the seton. The air distended the right side of the heart, and thus arrested the circulation. This is a very rare kind of death. It has, however, sometimes occurred, and in the hands of Dupuytren and of Sir Astley Cooper."—Professor Syme concurred with Dr. Willis as to the nature of the accident, and approved of what had been done to save the man. Passing a seton in this situation is quite common; and it was a proper measure in this disease. In performing the operation it was impossible to avoid wounding small veiiis but no foresight could have anticipated such a result, or any danger. I examined externally the wound of the seton with reference to the situation of the large vessels, and am satisfied that it was so remote from them, that they could not by possibility be implicated. In my judgment, there was no want of skill or care on the part of Dr. Willis. He had no control over what took place. I never saw such a case before, but have read of them, and have seen experiments on animals.—Dr. J. R. Cormack also corroborated Dr. Willis's te:,tiinoiiy.-Tlic jury con- sulted for a few minutes, and then returned the follow- ing special verdict Accidental death, from the entrance of air into a vein in the neck during an opera- tion performed by Dr. Willis, but the jury cannot sepe- rate without expressing their opinion that such operation was cautiously and skilfully performed and, as appears by the evidence adduced, the said operation was fully warranted by present practice."—After the inquest the body was examined by a medical gentleman, who found that the jugular veins and the large vessels of the neck were uninjured; and that the heart was distended with frothy blood, and contained loose coagula. DILEMMAS.—A rhetorician had instructed a youth in the art of pleading, on condition that he was to be re- munerated only in case his pupil should gain the first cause in which he was engaged. The youth imme- diately brought an action against his teacher, of which the object was, to be freed from the obligation which he had contracted, and then endeavoured to perplex his instructor with this dilemma If I gain my suit," ,dd he, the authority of the court will absolve me from paying you if I lose, I am exonerated by our contract." The rhetorician answered by a similar dilemma. If you gain your suit, you must pay me according to our contract; if von lose the suit, you must pay me in compliance with the decision of the court. '1'1" r? .7- r -r„hlo TaJlr

PROSPECTS OF FRANCE AND OF ENGLAND. I [From the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly.] I Whether the influence of the working classes should preponderate in a national assembly, is a question upon which even their best friends will differ, but that it should not be the exclusive intercst that should exist there, can hardly admit of doubt. An reste, universal suffrage has been promised, and there should be no juggle about it. We are anxious to see it tried. In America it is a fiction j for the coloured population and slaves are excluded the franchise. In France it may also become a fiction, for Redru Rollin says, the edu- cation of the people is incomplete, and they must be guided." This was what M. Guizot had said before but guidance is not exactly self-government. The ex- periment is one we shall watch with great interest, and without alarm. The working classes are even more in- terested in the protection of property than the rich and if there be petty depredators among them, they are not so dangerous as great criminals. Our apprehen- sions are not for France, but England and the danger we anticipate is not from any measures likely to be sought by the democracy of this country, but from those of Government, now in operation. AAre have a moment of breathing time. The prospect of any serious agita- tion for further organic reforms is not immediate. But a demand for them must come and one that will be irresistible. All men should pray that it may come without violence, and that ruinous convulsions may be averted. AVillthey beaverted? Listen.—The credit obliga- j tions of this country are-as great as those of the whole of Europe put together and, like those of France, they are all based upon the impossible theory of unconditional convertibility. Our savings' banks deposits are about E28,000,000 and upon the first serious disturbances in England or Ireland a large part of this sum will be suddenly claimed. The whole is invested in the funds. Those who may wish to know what the effect would be of Government being compelled to sell £10,000,000 or E20,000,000 out of the three per cents, any one week next winter, would do well to study the tables recently published by Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co., of the fluctuations of Consols from 1789 to 1847. They will observe in a similar crisis, the same stock which is now quoted at 83, and which we have seen at 101, falling to 48. What does this involve ? A corres- ponding depreciation of all other property in the kingdom, as compared with gold. A consequent run upon all private bankers and the Bank of England, to procure gold. Suspension of discounts-universil bank- ruptcies,-the ruin and destitution of multitudes,—and, if bread should be at the same moment dear, an exas- perated populace that nothing will be able to restrain. We will not pursue the picture. If a general overturn be inevitable, it will not be precipitated by any overt acts of sedition of the Irish press. The Currency Com- mittee now sitting will be its unconscious instrument.

REBELLIOUS DEMONSTRATIONS IN IRELAND. [From Fraser's Magazine.] It is not easy to predict the consequences of these events. It would be folly to treat them with utter con- tempt, as it would be to exaggerate their importance but it would be equally unwise on the part of England to be too confident. If Lord Clarendon had to deal only with those of the John O'Connell school, the affair would be settled much as the last was settled but it is right to say that the men who have so daringly out- raged the imperial power are of a very different order. AVuhout giving them undue importance, we may say that they are thoroughly in earnest, that they carry their delusion on the subject of Irish nationality to the extent of infatuation, and that, whether their intended rebellion were to end in a mere riot or in a partial in- surrection, still they would, if the opportunity were allowed them, make the attempt. Nor is it right to conceal the fact that this notion of nationality has pro- foundly penetrated the Irish mind—that a hatred exists in various districts towards England, which can only be accounted for by the implacable and revengeful spirit which seems to be characteristic of certain races. All the sins of England in past ages are remembered, but none of her attempts at atonement. The idea of Repeal, which was implanted so sedulously and culti- vated in the national mind by O'Connell, has grown since his death to greater dimensions than he intended. It is a remarkable fact so many of the most violent leaders of the Irish should be Protestants, as was the case in the Rebellion of 1798. It is also worthy of mention that Lord Miltown not long since avowed him- self a Repealer, and took the chair at one of the meet- ings, while, at the last most outrageous meeting of the Confederates, Lord Trimlestown and Mr. Maher, De- puty-lieutenant of AArexford and late M. P., were enrolled as members. Reason tells its, that all these men have no real grievance capable of being remedied by any Par- liament, native or imperial, except by a long course of legislation. Reason says, that the way to destroy the small remnant of prosperity still remaining in Ireland would be to grant repeal of the union. Reason also tells the Irish people that even were they united, which is not the case, they could not successfully contend against the power of England. But it is of no use to talk reason either to the Irish people or their leaders. They are in a state of exasperation, caused by the mere exaggeration of a sentiment which has no real basis; but to their fiery spirits and diseased minds these phan- toms of grievance are as realities. Extreme physical suffering has made the great mass of the people des- perate. The commercial classes have been disorganised, and, to a great extent, impoverished, by the turbulent state of the country for the last five-and-twenty years, and especially under the pressure of the late panic and the lauded aristocracy, with, of course, many ex- ceptions, are so encumbered with debt, that no change could be to them one for the worse. The English Go- vernment, by holding so much of the land of Ireland, as it were, in pawn, for the advances made last year and the year before, has supplied a temptation to un- principled or impoverished men to join in a Repeal movement. Why do we record these facts ? Because throughout Europe changes never intended have been precipitated by the excessive confidence of the respec- tive Governments in their own strength, and by a blind contempt for the force with which they had to contend. We do not desire to overrate the means at the disposal of these Irish rebels; all that it is our duty to enforce is, that they are rebels, and that in private as well as in public they sincerely hold, as well as express, a con- viction that the time has come for them, if necessary, to lay down their lives for their opinions. We have the utmost reliance on the prudence and courage of the Earl of Clarendon but we cannot forget that a retrograde movement in Ireland at the present moment, by appearing to weaken the power of England, would arrest the march of civilisation all over the world. It, therefore, becomes a sacred duty to prevent any serious explosion of this mad excitement in that country and, above all, not to treat the movement in the first instance with too much contempt.

IMPORTANT TO MAGISTRATES. It is a general cus- tom with magistrates to tell a prisoner, when about to be committed, that he may make a statement, but that it will be taken down, and may be used for or against him." Mr. Justice Patteson decided at the last Monmouth assizes, that statements made under such circumstances are inadmissible as evidence. The point was argued, in a trial for murder. between Mr. Cooke and Mr. Huddlestone on the one side, and Mr. Greaves on the other. The two former learned counsel, opposed the reception of a statement made by a female prisoner before the magistrates, because they had told her it might be used for or against her," as such words were calculated to excite fear or hope, and the learned judge ruled with the prisoner's counsel. ADVENTURES OF A EIOO NOTi&A £100 note was lost last week in Manchester fuund by a servant-girl ignorant of its value; passed through the hands of several children, who did not know what it was was lost again, found by a man who could not read, and yet ultimately found its way to its original owner. SINGULAR ACCIDENT AND ESCAPE.—One day last week, as the horse and cart of Mr. Benjamin Lowe were passing over the mouth of an old shaft at the Dock, Dudley, which was probably covered in 200 years ago, the ground gave way, and both horse and cart were precipitated into the shaft, a part of which being too narrow to admit the latter, it became fixed by the wheels some yards below the mouth of the pit, the horse being suspended by its harness, from which, however, it managed, after struggling some time, to disengage itself, and fell to the bottom of the shaft, a distance of thirty yards. Some colliers immediately descended an adjoining pit belonging to Mr. T. Yardley, of the Round Oak, and, after digging some time through the earth opposite the old worked-out pit, they came to the horse, which they found in a sitting posture, per- fectly uninjured, if we except a few slight abrasions. The poor animal was raised to the surface, and proceeded to work as though nothing had happened. Besides this lucky escape we may mention that, as the cart was being backed over the covered pit, and at the moment of the earth giving way, the brother of Mr. Lowe and a little boy, who were in the cart, were jerked out to the side of the pit's mouth, and thus escaped, in all proba- bility, a most horrible death .—Staffordshire Advertiser. THE NEW WAR MEDALS.—The new war medals, so long expected by the naval and military survivors of the late war are now almost completed, and ere long will, we believe, be distributed amongst those entitled to them. Both decorations are from the design of Mr. Wynn, of her Majesty's Mint. The naval medal, of which we append a description, is before the Aùmi- ralty, but the military design is not yet completed. The naval memorial is somewhat larger than a half- crown piece The obverse displays a bust of her Ma- jesty, surmounted by the motto, Victoria Regina." The reverse exhibits a figure of Britannia on a sea- horse, holding aloft in the right hand a trident, and in the left an olive-branch. It is proposed, so far as the distribution of this medal is concerned, to go back to the celebrated victory of the 1st of June. The various battles in which each wearer took part after this action will be signified by bars.-Globe. AN EXTRAORDINARY ORAToR.-ACincinnatti paper, in speaking of an orator, says—" He spoke for an hour and a hair, and was sensible to the last." A NiCE POINT OF LAW.—It has been suggested to our friend, Mr. Briefless, that his opinion would be very valuable on the question, whether a man who dies before he has settled with his creditor, may be con- sidered to have shown an undue preference, in paying the debt of Nature before the other liabilities.— Punch. Do make yourselves at home, ladies," said a female to her visitors, one day. I'm itt home myself, and wish vou all were."

AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c. I (From the Mark Lane Express.) I J ? I  j The weather has undergone a decided improvem('tH „ during the last few days; indeed, but little rain baO fallen since the commencement of the week, and though the land is still very wet in some districts, in others Ie has become sufficiently dry to allow of field work being resumed. Since Wednesday a good deal of spring cor" has been sown, and if next week should prove favourable great exertions will be made to get in the remainder ot the crops. The reports from the agricuitural district are in other respects more cheering than might, eon. sidering the long continuance of wet weather, have beeØ expected the young Wheat plant is stated on the whole to wear a healthy aspect; there are certainly no CIiIIU. plaints of its being backward on the contrary, if anY: fears are entertained, they arise from an appearance Of premature luxuriance but that this is not generally garded as likely to lead to any harm, is tolerably evident from the fact that farmers have lately manifested greater desire to sell than earlier in the season. That the quantity of Wheat of last year's growth remaining in the hands of the producers is fully as great as i* usually the case at the corresponding period of the veaJJ we have very little doubt, and if the next harvest should prove an early one we should probably require very little assistance from abroad; still the state of our stocks isnot, such as to render us independent of foreign supplies, an it may therefore be regarded as a somewhat siilgulat circumstance, and one strongly indicative of the de pressed state of mercantile enterprise, that the recent occurrences on the Continent, and the present un' settled state of politics, should have exercised no in" fluence on the Corn trade. We need scarcely say thst, we sincerely hope that the peace of Europe may not be disturbed, but with affairs in the position they now are on the Continent, a collision between some of the great powers is by no means an unlikely event. In ordinal times this would have been sufficient to have led to spe- culation in many articles of produce, and none soonef than in bread stuffs but the commercial crisis of lt has so completely prostrated credit that no one feels dlS' posed to enter into fresh engagements attended with P-ny kind of risk. The trade in Grain consequently remain in the same dull state as before. The transactions 'J1 Flour have been on quite a retail scale. The recent ad' vance in the value of Barley has had the effect of dra?, ing rather larger supplies to this market. The demand for Malt has been of rather a retail character, notwith- standing which full terms have been insisted on. we have again to report a good arrival of Oats, factors have experienced great difficulty in finding buyers, except at a further reduction in price. 8. S. S. Wheat, red 44 to 52 i Oats, Engl. feed 17 2ft White 45 54; Yotighal Black 14-16 Norfolk & Suffolk 45 48 Scotch feed 22 2 White Irish Galway 12-14 Barley, Malting.. 32 — 33 Dublin 14 18 Chevalier 33-34 Londonderry '8 Grinding. 29 31 Waterford White 14 IS Irish Clonmel 14 Is Scotch Potatoe 20 1 Beans, Tick new 31—33 Seed, Rape. 301. 32. Harrow 31 37 Irish. -t. — per lJ Pease, Boiling 33-36 1 Linseed, Baltic 44 — 4 8 AVhite Odessa 4,5-511 Blue j Mustard, white 6 Maple. — Flour, Town made Malt, Brown 54 66! and best country Rye, new 32 — 34 j marks 41—? Indian Corn 25 — 31 Stockton 3.5 LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d. £ s.  Wheat..4,099 qrs. 2 14 2 Rve 20 qrs. 1 » Barley..2,537 1 12 10 Beans 832 1 12 10 Oats 5,827 1 0 7 Pe8 1 16 J! GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN. Week ending March 25. Imperial-General Weakly Average,—Wheat, 51s. 4d. Barley, 30s. lid.; Oats, 20s- S d 4d. Rye, 30s. 4d.; Beans, 35s. 5d.; Peas, s. Aggregate Average of six weeks which governed Duty Wheat, 50s. 6d. Barley, 30s. 91.; Oats, 20s. 6d. Rye, 30s. 10d. Beans, 36s. 9s. Peas, 40s. 5d. SMITHFIELD MARKET Full average supplies of foreign stock have arrived illl the port of London during the past week, the genera quality of which has been good, especially as relates to the Beasts from Hambro' and Rotterdam. At the out, ports the arrivals have consisted of about 400 hea f chiefly from Hambro' and Rotterdam. The show 0 foreign stock here to-day was, comparatively speakingJ good, both as respects number and quality. The deniand for it ruled heavy, and prices had a downward tendency- With home-fed Beasts we were somewhat heavily SUP plied this morning, and a very great improvement was noticed in their general condition indeed, this was one of the best markets for that description of stock we have had during the whole of the present year. For the tie of year, the supply of Sheep—a large portion of whlC was out of the wool-was limited. The primest 01 Downs were mostly disposed of at last week's currencies, but all other breeds were a slow inquiry at barely sta' tionary prices. There were several couples in the market from Ireland, in very bad condition. Lambs were 111 moderate request, at from 6s. to 7s. per 81bs. In Calve, only a moderate business was doing, at barely late Tate"- The Pork trade was heavy, but we have no decline to notice in" prices. A COMPARISON of the PRICES of FAT STOCK-, sold in S-MITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET, on MondaY April 5, 1847, and Monday, April 3, 1818. Per 81bs. to sink the offal. S April 5, 1847. April 3, j" s. d. s. d. s. d. s- Coarse & inferior Beasts.. 3 0 to 343oto 3 6 Seondquahly do. 3 6 3 8.. 4 3 II} Prime large Oxen 3 10 4038 3 Prime Scots, &c 4 2 4444) 4 Coarse and inferior Sheep 3 8 4038 3 1. Second quality, do. 4 2 6.. 4 0 4 0 Prime course woolled, do.. 4 8 5046 50 Prime Southdown, do 5 2 5 6 5 2 66 L:trgecoarse Calves. 4 4: 5 0..4 0 0 Prime small do. 5 2 644 ft Large Hogs. 3 8 4640 0 Neat small Porkers 4 8 5 2..4 8 i) BUTTER, BACON, CHEESE, AND HAMS. s. s.' Cheese, per cwt. s. 5. DorsetButter.p.nr. 108 112? Double Glo'ster 60 64 Fresh Butter, 13s. 6d. Single ditto 58 per 6ozen Cheshire 56 70 Irish, do., per cwt. j Derby 62 66 Carlow, New 94 98? American 404 Sligo 86 SS' Ed?Liii and Go uda.. 16 5') Cork, 1st 88 94 Bacon, new :6.1- Watel'ford. 88 89 Middle. 46 60 Foreign Butter, cwt. Hams, Irish 63 i Prime Frics1and.. 106 110 Westmoreland. 84 Do. Kiel. 94 102 York 84 PRICE OF TALLOW, &c. 1844. 1845. 1816. 1847 18.tS. Stock this day 22,145 Price of P. Y.C. 40s. 9d. 36s. 3d. 42s. 6d. 49s. 9d. 52s. 9d. t

WEEKLY CALENDAR. I I THE Moo:o¡'s CHANGES.—First Quarter on the lOtP of April, at 2h. 5m. afternoon. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOIVI-NG PLACES FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. j Carmar- Cardigan Tenby I AberysC- DAYS. II then Bar. and and -A, Llanelly. Bristol. Milford. APRIL. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M- Saturday. 8i 9 2 9 52 8 37 10 2M", II Sunday 1 ? 49 110 39 9 31 11 g Monday .lO!110 38 11 28 10 13 11 58 Tuesday .ll1 11 38 0 28 11 1? 0 ? Wednesday 12' 0 o? 1 44 0 29 2 14 Ihursday 16 3 6 1 01 3 36 Thursday ..131, 2 16 3 6 1 51 3 36 Friday l4j 3 31 4 21 3 6 4 51

I LONDON GAZETTE. I I BANKRt-PTS.-( Friday, March 31.^—A. O. Tanner, Edmonton, frtiiterer.-W. Beach, Salisbury, cutler.—J- Bates, Kettering, Northamptonshire, watch-maker.—J- Green, Barbican, wholesale hat man u fact urer.-O- Douglas, Brunswick-place, Old Kent-road, linen-draper. —D. G. Porter, Great Tower-street, wine-merchant.—J- Coward, formerly of Sloane-street, but now of Kenton, near Harrow, schoolmaster.—C. E. Colts, Poplar, draper. W. Patrick, Farnham, builder.—A. Potter, Pakenhani, Suffolk, butcher.—AV. Pell, Upper Thames-street, mer- cliaiit.-F. Elphick, Castle-street, East, Oxford market, plumber. — D. Gilby, Bures St. Mary, Suffolk, coach- builder.—R. B. Perkins, Coventry, currier.—R. Ireland, Weiu, Shropshire, wine-merchant.—J. Aldersen, Tun- stall, Staffordshire, dr(i,-gist.-S. King, Cheltenham, dealer in cutlery.—E. C. Holland, Honiton, Devonshire, surgeon.—F. O'Hanton, St. Thomas the Apostle, Devon- shire, linen-draper.—S. Curry, Taunton, brick-maker. E. Hender, Bodmin, Cornwall, ironmonger.—M. Ca- wood, Leeds, iron-founder.—D. Bradshaw, Netherthong, Yorkshire, merchant.—J. D. Green, Leeds, plaid manu- facturer.—AV. H. Spur, Liverpool, builder.—J. Smith, Birkenhead, slate merchant.—J. Roberts and W. Ii. Roberts, Liverpool, ironmongers.—R. Smith, Preston, Lancashire, corn-merchant.—E. Hall, Manchester, stock broker. BANKRUPTS.—( Tuesday, April 4.)-H. D. C. Colr, Earl's Court, Old Brompton, boarding and lodging house- keeper.—J. Cobb, Northumberland-street, Strand, board- ing and lodging housekeeper. ti. Roose, Salisbury- street, Strand, merchant.—W. Child, Chertsey, Surrey, grocer.-H. Cost, Clapton, music-seller.—J. Miller and G. Nightingale, Great Dover-street, Southwark, drapers. -J. Aldersca, Tunstall, Staffordshire, drnggist.- Wm. Ridgway, Hanley and Shilton, Staffordshire, manufac- turer of earthenware.—M. Day, AATeston-super-Mare, Somersetshire, iililler.-C. Turner, Pudsey, Yorkshire, clothier.—A. Barker, Horton, Yorkshire, worsted manu- facturer.—T. M'Entegart, Liverpool, corn-dealer.—J. H. Davies, Merthyr Tydtil, Glamorganshire, grocer.-J. Barrett, Exeter, postmaster.—II. Redfearn, Sheffield, saw-manufacturer.—W. Lombardini, Huddersfield, York- shire, carver.—R. AV. Barnes, Stockport, Cheshire, ca- binet-maker.-W. Jones, Manchester, stationer.—J- Horsfield, Sunderland, merchant-tailor.—E. Meenard, Sunderland, merchant. j

ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECEIVED I BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS:— I LONDON Messrs. Barker and White, 33, Fleet-street; Messrs. Newton and Co., Warwick-square; Mr. G. Reynell,42, Chancery-lane Mr. Deacon, 3, Walbrook- ( near the Mansion House; Mr. Hammond, 27, Lom- I bard-street; W. Dawson, and Son, 74, Cannon-street Mr. C. Mitchell, Red Lion Court, Fleet-street; Mr I' G. H. Street, 11. Serle-street, London. t THIS PAPER IS REGULARLY FILED by all the above agents, and also at Peel's Coffee-House, No. 177 and 178, Fleet-street.-Deacon's Coffee-House, Walbrook, and the Auction Mart. Printed and Published in Guildhall Square, in the Parish of St Peter, in the County of the Borough of Carmarthen, hy the Proprietor. JOSEPH HEQINBOTTOM, of Picton Twrac* in Carmarthen aforesaid. FR-IHAY, APRIL 7, 1848.