Weekly Mail

COLOFN Y CYMRY. GAX "IDRISWYN." UN PETH MAWR CYMRU. Gciynodd y Parch. Nctv-man Hall i mi twy na dong mlvnedd ar hugain yn ol, pan yn edrych, me-wn syndod, ar leni yn dod allan o beiriant argraffu, "Beth! a oes llyfrau yn cael eu cyhoeddi yn Gymraeg ?" Wedi i mi ei ateb yn gadarnhaol a'i gv- meryd i ystafell y lleni a dangos iddo tigemiau o filoodd o leni o wahanol lyfrau yn goj'wedd yn bentj7rau mawrion ar eu gdydd, yr oedd oi syndod yn fwy fyth,. Cyfaddefadd na ddychmygodd erioed fod Cyfaddefodd na ddychmygodd erioed fod y Gymracg yn iaitli lenyddol; gwyddai ei I, bod yn cael ei siarad a chredai mai gan hen bobl yn unig, ac yn y diwedd, gofyn- odd, "Wel, yn mha le yr ydych yn dysgu yr iaith Gymraeg; gwn na ddysgir hi yn yr ysgolion dyddiol; pa fodd, gan hyny, yr ydych yn lhvyddo i'w dysgu a'i cbadiv yn fyw ?" Un ateb yn unig oedd genyf i'w roddi, "Yn yr Ysgol Sul, syr." "'Vel, wel," meddai, "ni ddychmygais fod yr Ysgol Sul y fath allu yn un man yn y byd." Pe gofynid i mi yr un cwestiwn heddyw, ar ol ugain mlynedd o Ddeffroad Cenedl- aethol a Chwyldroad Addysgol—yr oil wedi eu cynyrchu gan yr Ysgol Sul-yr un ateb a roddwn—dysgwyd ni a dysgir ein plant i ddarllen Cymraeg yn yr hen Goleg Cenedlaethol. Pe gofynid i mi am y rheswm fod Cymru yn msgu gwcll pregeth- wyr nac un wlad arall, dyna fyddai raid i'm hateb fod-yr Ysgol. Pe holid fi parthed yr achos fod gan yr efengyl y fath afael ar y werin yn Nghymru, dyna fyddai'm hateh--yr Ysgol Sul. Pe ceisid genyf esbonio y dirgelwch fod eymaint o enwogion yn codi-yn feirdd a llcnorion— o fysg y dosbarth gweithiol, nis gallwn wneud hyny ond trwy gymeryd yr ymhol- j ydd j'r Ysgol Sul ar ryw brydnawn Sab- bath. Pe gofynid am yr achos fod ein ^llenyddiaeth mor bur a bod yn anmhosibl i lyfr afiach ymddangos nac i gyhoeddiad amheus fyw, dvAvedwn yn ddibetrus fod dylanwad yr Ysgol Sul wedi cymeryd y fath ran yn ffurfiad cymeriad a golygiadau y Cymro i oddef y cyfryw. Po dynumid arnaf i draethu fy lien ar y dylanwadau sydd wedi trawsffurfio Cymru yn "Wlad y Menyg Gwynic-n," a gwncud yn angeu- rheidiol cau bron lianer ei charcharau, tri gair-Ei Hysgol Sul—fyddai eisieu i ini ysgrifenu. A phe gofynid betli allai fod y dygwyddiad mwyaf andwyol ac alaethus i gymeryd lie yn hanes Cymru; beth allai fod y golled fwyar iddi; dywedwn ar un- waith mai colli ei Hysgol Sul; gallal fforddio colli pobpeth arall; ond os cyll yr hen sefydliad hwn, fe gleddir pobpeth sydd o un gwerth iddi fel cenedl yn yr un bedd. -0:- A PHA RYFEDD? Y mac Rhagluniaeth wedi gofalu mewn modd arbenig am Gymru, gan godi dynion cymhwys i gyflawni gwaith neillduol ac angenrheidiol yn mhob cyfnod yn ei hanes. Xid damweiniau mo honynt; nid cydgyfarfyddiad amgylchiadau yn cy- nyrchu efFaith neillduol; ond nis gellir rhoddi cyfrif am danynt ond yn unig trwy eu priodoli i Dduw—y Dwyfol sydd wedi bod yn gweithio yn y cyfan. Ac y mae hyny i'w weled mor amlwg yn yr athrawon a gafodd Ysgol Sul Cymru ag mewn un trawsnewidiad, neu chwyldroad, ncu ddy- j gwyddiad sydd wedi cymeryd lie yn mysg ein cenedl. Yr oedd y syniad o sefydiu Ysgolion Sabbathol yn un beiddgar, os nid chwyldroadol, ar y pryd; a rhaid iod Charles o'r Bala wedi cael rhyw welcdig- aeth cyn y buasai yn dyckmygu am t-ti cychwyn. Nid yn unig yr oedd yn edrych yn anmhosibl i gael athrawon i lenwi'r gngeu trwy'r oil o Gymru, am nad oedd ond ychydig iawn yn mhob tref ac arda] yn medru darllen; ond rhagor ha hyny, yr oedd yr eglwysi, ar y cyntaf, yn eu gwrthwynebu. Edrychent ar d dysgu • plant a phobl mewn oed i ddarllen yn rhywbeth rhy debyg i waith, a bod y Sab- bath yn rhy gysegredig i'w gario'n mlaen o'i fav/n; ac nid ychydig o wrthwynebiad a gafwyd ar y cychwyn oddiwrth y bobl oreu a mwyaf goleuedig ac hyddysg yn y Beibl. Ond yr oedd Duw yn y mudiad a'r effeithiau daionus mor amlwg. fel y clifian- odd yr holl rwystrau megys tarth o flaen goleuni yr haul, a daeth y Cyfundeb Methodistaidd, yn neillduol, cyn pen ych- ydig flynyddau i ystyried yr Ysgol Sul yn rhan mor hanfodol i grefydd a'r bregeth a'r seiafc neu'r cyfarfod gv,reddi. A gofal- odd y Brenin Mawr am athrawon a piiob- peth angenriieidiol i wneud Ysgol Sul Cymru yn effeithiol ac yn allu—ie, y gallu cryfaf yn y tir. Cymeriad nodedig iawn oedd Athraw y ganrif ddiweddaf, a gellir dweyd am dano fel y dywedodd y bardd am "Jones Talysarn," mai Lclogwyni coleg anian" fu ei Athrcfa, ac mai Duw ei Hunan oedd ei Athraw. Dysgodd i genedl ddarllen, ac felly cadwodd ein hiaith yn fyw; creodd awydd yn y werin bobl am lyfrau, a dyna'r rheswm fod genym y fath lenyddiaeth gyfoethog lieddyw; bu yn astudio ac yn ymgodymu a phynciau syl- 1 In faenol Cristionogaeth, gyda'r canlyniad o wneud cenedl o dduwinyddion o hoiiom— 1 cenedl yn hvsbys yn y wybodaeth uchaf mewn bod, brenhines y gwyddorau i gyd a gofalodd am ddangos perthynas y gwir- ioneddau a chyflwr dyn a gwasgodd hwynt aclref at gydwybodau 0i ddosbarth, ac erbyn heddyw gallwn ymfrrostio, beb i neb ein cyhuddo o fod yn rhagfarnllyd ac yn gulion, fod Cymru y llecvn mwyaf cref- yddol a moesol dan haul Duw. o: CYHUDDWR CYMRU. Cymerodd y gynadledd rhwng y pwyll- gor apVynticdig a'r Parch. J. E. Flower le yn Llunden dydd Gwener. (hmeld y pwyllgor i fyny or Parchn. J. M. Jones, Caerdydd; W. 1. Morris, Pontypridd: E. Edmunds, Abertawe; Thomas Law; Mri. Robert Bird, Albert Spicer, D. Shepherd (Caerdydd), a — Shepheard, L.C.C., LIun- den, yr hwn a weinyddai fel canohvr. Parhaodd y gynadledd am bum awr, ac yn y diwedd, boddlonodd y pwyllgor i dder- byn a ganlyn fel ymddiheurad digonol: — "Nid oeddwn yn bwriadu gwneud gwahaniaetli rhwng yr Eglwysi Seismg a'r rhai Cymrcig yn y cyfan3W!\1 o honynt, nac ychwaith yn bwiiadu dwyn cvhuddiad yn erbyn Eglwysi Cymru yn gyffredinol, dim ond yn erbyn eglwysi umgol yma a thraw, ac y mae'n ddrwg genyf fod y cyfryw achosion i'w cael. Drwg genyf ddarfod i mi ddefnyddio goirau v gellid eu hesbonio fel ag y gwnaethpwyd." Gobeithia y pwyllgor y bydd hyn yn udigon i dawclu yr ystorm: ond o'r braidd y mae'r eglurhad yn ddigonol i wneud hyny. Gwir fed y gwr parchedig o I.unden wedi tynu ei gyrn ato, ac y mae hyny yn gryn lawer i Sais wneud; ond, yn sicr. fe ddylai Cymru gad gwybod y rbesymau dro.s iddo ?gor ei enau o gwbl mewn barn am eglwysi a gweinidogion Cymru; a pha un ai ar ei wybodaeth bersonol vnto ar stracott ail law yr oedd yn ymddibynu. Ond dicbon y bydd yn rhaid aros dipyn cyn y cawn glywecl rhagor, ond fe ddsrw y cyfrn allan-Fe breg°thir y dirgelion oil ar benau y tai—a'r pryd hwnw cyfyd digter Cymru i'w bwynt eithaf yn erbyn rhai o'i phlant ei hunan. -:0:- Y DDAU WIN—ATHRODWR ARALL. Y iuae hen eglwys enwog y Bedydd%yr yn y Tabernacl, Caerclydu, yn un lied geiciwadoi yn ei ifyrdd, yn gymamt a'i bod yn dal yn dyn with draddoiiiadau y tadau ac yn ymifrostio yn ei hen hanes; ac an- hawdd ydyw cael ganddi "symud gyda'r oes," iel y dywedir. Anmhosiol ei phorswadio i gan:atau yr un oderyn cerdd yn y gwasanaedi cyhoeddtis, ac y mae'r un litor anhawdd cael ganddi ddefnyddio y gwm "gwneud" yn llo Ifrwyth y win- wydden wedi ei eplesu yn y dull arferol er's milojcdd o flynyddau, cydnaws a natur a gwlybr. Fe wyddys tod "ewacs" yn mliob crefft, hyny yw, ceir efelychiad bron o bobpetii y dyddiau hyn, hyd yn nod o rtrwylii y winwydden ei hunan, a galwant ef yn ''win aneplesedig," neu ''Win an- fcddvvol," a defnyddir ef "bellach gan fwyanif mawr o Eglwysi Cymru yn y cymundeb. Ond erys Eglwys y Tabernacl, Caerdydd, yn yr un fan ar y cwestiwn hwn, fel lltwer o rai craill, a defnyddia y gvrin eplessdig, gan grcdu mui ffrwyth y win- wydden weai ei drin felly oedd y gwin a yfwyd yn y cymun cyntaf. Ymddengys i wr a gwraig ddod a'u liythyrau i'r Taber- nacl o Ecrivv-ys FedyacKctiig mown cwr arall o'r dref ryw bum mlynedd yn ol. Ddechreu y flwyddyn hon, galwodd y gwr a'r wraig sylw at y gwin a ddelnyddid yn y cymundeb; bu y cwestiwn o flaen yr Eglwys, a phenderfynwyd dal at yr un math o win. Yna gwrthododd y ddau gyfrancgi o Swper yr Arglwydd, yr hyTl sy'n groes i reolau'r Eglwys. Ceisiodd y gweinidot';—Mr. Charles Daries—ganddynt godi eu liythyrau ac ymuno a rhyw eglwys arall, ond gwrthodent v/netid hyny yn gystal a gwrthod cymeryd y ewpan yn y cymundeb ac, yn y diwedd. nid oedd dim i'w wneud end crecsi cu henwau allan o lyfr yr Eglwys. Y irae y gwr yn awr yn athraw yn Ysgol Sul y ijcdyddwyr yn Cathays, a gellir ei weled bob boreu Sab- bath yn y gwasEnaeth yn y Tabernacl, ac v mae'n gyfaill mynwesol i'r Parch. Chas. Da tips. Ychydig amser yn ol hefyd bed- yddiodd y gweinidog eneth ieuanc 16eg oed, ac yn y cymundeb cyntaf Er ol hyny, gwrthododd gyfranogi o Swper yr Ar- glwydd am fod yr hen win yn cael ei ddef- nyddio. Ceisiodd y gweinidog ei oreu ganddi godi ei Hythyr aeloclaeth ac yi^vmo ag un o'r eglwysi oedd yn domydtfio y gwin newydd, ond i ddim pwrpas ond yn y cyfamser. tra y ceisid ei pherswedio felly, svmudodd veulu yr eneth i Faesteg am fod ei thad wcdi cael gwaith yno. Dyna'r ffeitbiau fel y cyhoeddir hwy gan y Parch. Charles Davies, ac attegir hwy gan yr hell frawcloliaeth, a chaii y persouau hyny cu hunain. -:0:- OND BETH DDYWED Y CYHUDD- WR ? Yn nghyfarfod blynyddol y Temperance Ironsides m Lerpwl yr wytimos ddiweddaf, creodd Mr. Tennyson Smith syndod yn y cyfsrfod cyhoeddus trwy adroad am ryw bethau cywilydcius ac anbygoel oedd wedi cymeryd lie yn Nghaerdydd. "Yn nghnpel y Tabernacl yn y dref hono," meddai, "torwyd dau o'r aelodau allan yn gy- hoeddus rm wrthod eyfranogi o'r gwin meddwol yn y cymundeb, ac am fiscedu yn cldiweddar bu yr un eglwys yn eriid genetli ieuanc tmarbymtheg oed am yr un peth. Bu y gweinidog, y Parch. Charles Davics, yn ceisio gaIvHi "oion godi ''i llythyr aelodaeth i fynd i cghvys lie y det- nyddid ewin anfecldwol; ond, yn y diwedd, wedi blino ar y driniaeth a dderbynient, grdawodd yr holl dculu yr eglwys a'r dref. Yr "yyr yn mynd i gyhoeddi yr holl fanyl- ion am yr achos gwaradwyddus hwn ac 05 gallwn fod yn ddystaw yn ngwyncb y fath driniaethau a'r rhai hyn, fe lefr-ra y ceryg o'r nnviau." Ie, dyna,'r lliw a roddodd M". Tennyson Smith ar y fFeith- iau svml uehod. ac fe ddywed Air. Charles Divies ei fed yn gwybod yn eithaf da pi fod yn gwneud cam a'r gwirionedd. Yr oedd Mr. Tennyson Smith yn Nghaerdydd tua'r adrvjr v cymerodd hyn le, a chnfodd yr holl fanvlion am y ddau achos uchod o enau Mi;. Dsvies ei hun, fel nad oes ganddo yr un e^erns j'w roi dros ci gam- ddarlunirdau. Gndawaf i'r cyhoedt3 fimu 0 du na un y :mD0'r ffwirionedd—y Parch. Chnk" Davies ynte Mr. Tennyson Smith ond hydded hy«bys fod gweinidog enwog y Tnbernnr-I yn gymnint o Iwvrymwrth- ndwr a/r dyn hwn sy'n gwihio o'r naill fan i'r Hall ac vn byw ar adrodd rhyw wrach- iaidd ohwe-llau gc ymosod ar ddvnion C'y- hoeddus sy'n orwneud eu goreu i ddyrchafu moosau y bobl. -:0: CYDNABYDDTAETI-I ARALL. Y mac ei Fawrhydi y Brenin wedi gweled yn dda i orchymvn fod Cymru i gael ei cliynrychioli sr arf-beisiau—• "'coat- of-arms"—Tywvsog Cymru. Felly, o hyn allan, fe gaiff y Ddraig Goeh ci lie ar arwydd-Iuniau ein Tywrysog, a gobeithio nad yw y gydnabyddiaeth hon ond awgrym i ni fod ar ddihun, ac y cawn y tro nesaf Ie ar y Euman cenedlaethol ac yr arian bathol. Ki ddylai Cymru anghofio ych- waith. mni Caerdydd fu ar y blaen yn hyn, ac nad arbcdodd rhai o'n dynion cyhoeddus nac pmsov, traffcrth, nac arian er gosod liawliau Cymru o flaen yr awdurdodau a'r Brenin ei hunan. Ac heblaw hyn, y mae Tywyscg Cym] n wedi eydsynio gweithrecln yn Ganghellydd y Erifysgol fel olynydd j'w dad, ac y mae'n debygol iawn y drw i Gymru yn ystod yr haf i gael ei osod yd. y swydd yn ffurfiol.. -0: Y DIWEDDAR MR. JAMES RICHARDS Yn marwolaeth Mr. James Richards, Ticfforest, yr hyn a gymerodd 10 dydd Sadwrn, y mae sir ForgEnwg wedi colli un o'i dynion cyhoeddus mwyaf cyd- wybodol a di-dderbyn-wyneb, un o'i chrefvddwyr gc-neataf, un o'i chymeriadau gloewaf, ac un o'r rhai parotaf i wneud pob aberth er bod o wasainaeth i'v.- gyd- ddynion. Yr oedd wedi cyrhaedd yr ocdran aeddfed o 75, ac wedi byw bron driugain mlynedd yn Nlirefiorest. Gauwyd. ef yn Merthyr, ond prentisiwyd ef pan yn ieuanc iawn gyda Mr. Robert Miles. Pontypridd. Cyn ei fod yn ugain oed, agorodd siop ei hunan yn Xhrefforest, a daliodd ei gvsvlltiad a'r fasnach hyd o fewn rhyw ddenddeg mis yn ol. Yr oedd yn llwyddiannus yn mhob cylch—yn ei fasnach vn gystal ag fel aelod o'r Byrddau Cyhocddu"—Bwrdd y Gwarcheidwaid a'r Bwrdd Ysgoi. Bu yn aelod o'r cyntAf er pan ei ffurfiwyd ddeng mlynedd ar hugain yn ol, ac yr oedd yn un o aelodau cyntaf Bwrdd Ysgol Pontypridd, a bu yn gadeir- ydd iddo am flynyddau hwcr-yn wir, hyd yr etholiad diweddaf, pryd y collodd ei sedd. Yr oedd wedi ei ode wis, yn ddyn ieuanc iawn, yn ddiacon yn Saron—eglwys y Methodistiaid yn y lie, ac y mre'n deilwng o gael ei re-tru yn mysg yr hen ddosbarth o Saenoriaid y Cor ph.—dynion weeii cU dewis i'r swydd o herwydd eu duwioldeb, a dynion a osoclai urddas ar v swydd trwy eu bywyd pur ac unplygrwydd eu cymeriad yn mhob cylch y trccnt ynddo. Er ei fod yn ddirwescwr gorselog ac wedi ymladd Ilawer hrwydr boethlyd, etc. nid oedd neb a feiddiai amheu ei gydwybodolrwycld n'1 onestrwydd; yn wir. edmvgid ei wroldeb hyd yn nod gan ei wrthwynrbwyr. Cafodd gladdedigaeth anrhydeddus dydd AFawrtli, pryd y rhodd- wyd ei weddillion i crwrdcl yn mynwcnt y enpel y bu vn addoli ynddo am hener can- rif. Yr oedd llu o Aveinidogion perthynol i bob enwad a'r Eglwys Sefydledig wedi dod vn nghyd, yn gvstal a chynrychiolwvr o'r Byrddau lleol, ac ynaclon a chyfreith- wyr a mpddvgon ac yr oedd y gslar a avnlygid for bob llnw yn preti ei fod wedi eriill Keren ac vmddiried pawb o'i gydna- bod. Bydd chwithdod mawr ar ei ol mewn cylcboedd cyhoeddus, ac nid ar fyrder y llenwir v bwlch sydd wedi ei wneud yn Eglwys Saron.

[SELECTED FROM THE "EVENING EXPRESS."] 1 It would be an interesting experiment to find out what pupils think of their teachers, but the Russian students who were expelled from their institute for daring to state that their professor should be deprived of his chair on the ground that his teaching was unsystematic and obscure will have many sympathisers, for y it will occur to most readers that the fault for unprogressiveness is not always on the students' side, and when the judges of the charge made against the professor were no other than the professional staff of the same institute, then the students are entitled to a still greater measure of con- sideration—the spirit of independence. The quarterly report of the chief-con- stable of Glamorganshire, presented to the standing joint committee, goes to show that the recent alarm raised con- cerning the criminal statistics of the administrative county by the chairman of quarter sessions, his Honour Judge Gwilym Williams, was well-founded and timely. Sir John Llewelyn's question, which elicited a reply regarding the num- ber of school board prosecutions included in the total of non-indictable offences, suggests whether any other new offences have been created during recent years, and this should be definitely ascertained at the earliest possible opportunity. I cannot help thinking that a more stringent administration of the Mines Regulation Act would account for a good deal of the increase, and, following this, the Food and Drugs Act was practically a dead-letter in the county for some time alter it was pa-sed. I know also that the bye-laws of health authorities are more frequently put in force than was the custom some years ago. But, after all, an increase to the extent of two cases to the one that existed eleven years ago, and for only the same number in population, points to the need of facing a very serious state of things with a calm determination to know tho root of the evil, so as to enable the friends of good social order to apply the remedy that in their judgment is most likely to secure an amendment. I have a growing conviction that the chairman of quarter sessions would do much good if he undertook to convene a meeting of the magistrates of the county to specially consider the questions raised by him, and which are in many respects borno out by the report made to the meeting of the joint com- mittee. Sir John Llewelyn attributes the apparent increase partly to the greater vigilance of the police; and, although ullllmzzlcd dogs and the use of improper language in public places may add to the cases I have suggested, -it will be a con,siderable relief to have specific information supplied to the public, as, after all, figures are proverbially mislead- ing- The article upon "Caerphilly cheese" which appears in another column stirs up many memories of a long past, when I and my contemporaries were asked to believe that the eating of hard- rinded cheese helped our boyish hair to curl. The Caerphilly brand of cheese was pretty generally imitated in every part of Glamorganshire at that time, and if any farmer wished to impress another with the meanness of a third farmer it would be said of him that he sold all the cheese from his dairy and bought Carmarthen skim milk cheese for the w-o of his family. But the sale of the cheaper qualities of Welsh cheese has been superseded by the introduction into this country of the now universally consumed American cheese. To poor families it has proved the inesns of varying the somewhat limited choice of food that existed previously. Welsh rare- bit is. of course, a national item of food, but it required the best cheese to prepare it, for the cheaper kind of Welsh cheese did not "melt" in toasting, whereas American cheese of all kinds "melts" readily, and has a natural piquancy which makes it a complete "rarebit" the moment it is toasted. The best Caerphilly cheese is not superseded by any cheese, however, and. with a revival of the industry and the adoption of modern business methods in placing it upon the market, tradesmen will find plenty of patrons for our local deli- cacy. Government by deputation is difficult of accomplishment, but the Newport rate- payers who attended the meeting cf the council did their best to give their corporation a good fright, and Dr. Garrcd Thomas endeavoured to aid the effect by summoning spirits from the vastv deep of enteric, typhoid, and cholera nurseries. There is room for genuine alarm, however, if the statement of the spokesman of the deputation is well- founded, viz., that a normal supply of water will not be obtainable until the month of May. for it must he borne in mind that when this information was given the heavy rains of Saturday night and Sunday had fallen upon the Newport gathering ground. The Cardiff medical officer of health's report continues to be of a favourable character, but Dr. Walford wisely pleads for greater safeguards against the most virulent kinds of contagious complaints, and the friends of patients at the sana- torium will bo greatly relieved when per- sons suffering from small-pox are more completely detached from the main build- ing than they are at the present time. This would remove almost the only cause of hesitation on the part of the guardians of persons suffering from other infectious complaints to allow them to be removed to the sanatorium. The existence of fll excellent feeling between a colliery manager and those who are employed under him was di-closed at the monthly meeting held at Hengoed of the Rhymney Valley M'ners' Association, when a proposal mado by Alderman Nehemiah Phillips, the manager of the West Elliot Pit at New Tredegar, was con- sidered, viz., that all shot-holes in mines should be three feet in depth. Mr. Phillips contended that nine out of ten explosions wer^caused by shot-firing, end that nine- teen out of every twenty, if not the whole of them, were caused by tho blown-out shot. Presumably, a shot that has blown-out in a hole three feet in depth is free from the possibility of slow-burning back into the gas-laden atmosphere of the coal-mine, when the risk is too great to re-open the chsrged bore that has not exploded. Strangely enough, the objection to such a safeguard came from the workmen; but ultimately the association committee agreed to the new condition with a minor proviso. So little by little human life in collieries is becoming more appreciated, and the genial alderman-manager of New Tredegar deserves the thanks of the friends of humanity for his thoughtful lead in the all-important matter of shot-firing in mines.

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LATE MR. JAMES RICHARDS TREFOREST. A FINE TYPE OF THE WELSH DISSENTER. On Tuesday was borne to his last resting- place at Saron Calvinistic Methodist Burial- ground, Treforest, the late Mr. James Richards, a prominent figure in the Ponty- pridd district, and a truly remarkable man in many respects. He came originally from Merthyr, and lived at Treforest upwards of 60 years, during which period he witnessed the immense industrial and commercial develop- LATE MR. JAMES RICHARDS, OF TREFOREST ment of that busy locality. In his younger days his was a striking personality-tall, athletic, handsome, gifted with great intel- ligence, and that rare quality, good humour, which made him a general favourite with young and old. A Culvin-stic Methodist from his youth, he attended the chapel at Fontmorlais, and took part in the religious life of the place. One of his earliest friends was the late Rev. John Edwards, of Merrhyr Tydfil, and Richards in conversation in after- life often referred to his old playfellow and partner in many a boyish exploit and esca- pade. John became a respected minister of the Calvinistic Methodist denomination, and James at a comparatively eatly age was promoted to the diaconattf in the 'same body. and it is net too much to say that by his consistent life, fidelity to principle, and lofty conception of duty he was worthy of a seat among the elders at Saron. In fact, he was a deacon wnom Daniel Owen, the Welsh nove- list, would have been proud to immortalise in his pages. lie was a Dissenter of the better type. whose religion meant much more than a shibboleth or a party badge. He was poases-ied of great force of character, and exercised great influence in the circle in which he turned. From early life he was a temperance advocate both in words and deed, and never allowed a drop of alcho c drink to cross his lips. In this respect he was considered by some of his friends as bordering on fanaticism, but, feel- ing that his opposition to intoxicating drink was the outcome of a deep-rooted conviction, they could not help respecting this stern and unbending .teetotaler. So much respect indeed, did his relatives and friends show to him that they would often sooner go without refreshments than be seen to take any in his company. As a useful member of the Pontypridd Board of Guardians for many years, the community owe Sir. Richards a debt of gratitude. He was a regular attendant at the meetings of the board, and no one knew better where to draw the line between the interests of the rate- payers and the deserts of the poor. He was a strenuous opponent of extravagance in any form, and he felt bound to set his face against any proposal to treat the inmates of the work- house to intoxicating liquor at Christmas or any other festive occasion. Mr. Richards used to say that drink had blasted the lives of ninety-nine out of every hundred men and women in the house, and believed that it was part of his duty as guardian to shelter those who had sought the projection of the institu- tion from their chief enemy. His last public act in that capacity was to move a resolution excluding intoxicants from the extra fare" to be given next Christmas at Pontypridd, which his brother guardians passed unani- mously. He stood high in the estimation of his colleagues. Some twelve months ago, when, they were told that he had been struck down with illiegs-the shadow which the sorrowful event that has just occurred caet before—the board, with the respected chairman, Mr. Godfrey Clark, of Talygarn, at their head, went almost in a body to pay him a visit at his residence. This mark of friend- ship and regard, needless to say, give him no little gratification. He only partiaMy recovered from that ill- ness, and suffered from deafness during his remaining days. His time was now chiefly spent in his armchair, with the sacred volume before him, from which he drew such solace as only a Christian can. During 40 years the ministers who came to officiate at Saron were guests at his house, and it was a treat to listen to his reminiecencse of-such men as Edward Matthews, of Ewenny: William Evans, Tonyrefail; Richard Lumley; Thomas Hughes, Machynlleth; William John and John James, Bridgend; Evan Harris, Merthyr Tydlil; David Howell, of Swansea; David Phillips, Maesteg; Thomas Levi, Aberyatwith; and others whose names aro as household words in the homes of Calvinistic Methodism. Most of these crw.sed the bourne from which no traveller returns before their Treforest friend, and their memories were to him a blessinj; and a solace. A man of deep and sinccre riety, he hated making a parade of his religion. The little flock at Saron will long miss him, and the whole community feel that they have lost a faithful friend and a man of wise counsel. A notable fact in con- nection with him was the respect in which he was held by the Irish element at Treforest. and this takes us hack to the gloomy times of. 1848, when Irishmen and Irishwomen, driven by famine out of Ireland, flocked to this country. Mr. Richards, who was in a large way of business at the time, proved a friend to scores of poverty-stricken Irish fami- lies who settled at Treforest in connection with the ironworks, and the community never forgot their benefactor—in fact, his influence over them was second only to that wielded by their own priests. He had acquired the Irish brogue perfectly, and could pass any day as a born Irishman in the wilds of Con- nemara. A few years ago, at the iiUifcU^on of Mr. Arthur Lewis, of Lloyds BarJjfP^iy- pridd, a movement was set on footjg presort Mr. Richards with his portrait The necessary subscriptions were in fortlj* with. and Mr. B. S. Marks, of Lcndon, was givsn the commission, and the presentation was made at Pontypridd Town-hall by his Honour Jud;ge Gwilym Williams in the pre- sence of a most representative gathering. A brief service was held at the house, at which the Revs. W. Davies (Cefn) and Aaron Dayieo (Barry) olT'.ciatel. The comn, the breast-plate of which denoted that deceased was 74 years of age, was then borne to Saron Chapel, fol- lowed by the mourners, who included Mrs. Richards (widow), Mr. and Mrs. R. T. Richards, Mr. Alun Morgan and Miss Janet Morgan (grandchildren), Morien (son-in-law), Mr. Lewis Richards (oniy surviving brother), and Mrs. Richards, Gwaelodygarth. A service was also held at the chapel, where the deceased had been deacon aud had rendered yeoman service for over half a century. The Rev. D. M. Jones (pastor) conducted, and addresses dealing with the many good traits in the deceased's character were given by the Revs. J. Morgan Jones (Cardiff) and W. John (Bridgend) in Welsh and the Rev. W. Lewis (Pontypridd) in English. Letters regretting their inability to attend were also read from Sir William Thomas Lewis, Messrs. Godfrey Clark, Taly- garn; W. L. Daniel, Merthyr: and W. Griffiths. Workington; Mrs. Walter Morgan, Treforest, and others. Among those present were Mr. Alfred Thomas, M.P., and Judge Gwilym Wil- liams", and Messrs. W. Morgan, J.P.. Pant: and Aldermen Richard Lewis, If. S. DaviEs, Ponty- pridd, and W. Morgan. Treherbert. The ministers present included the Revs. J. P. Griffiths, vicar of Pontypridd; J. S. Jones. Joshua Thomas. W. G. Jenkins, T. Jones- Davies. Llanbradach; W. TIees, Kopkinstown Ta*elfryn Thomas, G roes wen; T. P. Thomas, Ilafod; W. Parry, Tongwynlais; W. James and John Morgan. Aberdare; W. D. Jones and W. S. Powell, Mountain Ash; J. Taihirion Davics, Efailisaf; E. C. Lewis, Cardiff; J. M. Davies, Aberfan; W. Davies, Cefncoed; D. Davies, Treforest: G. H. Badliam, Pontypridd; Barac Rees, Llantrieant; W. Lewis. Cwmpark: J. Morgan, Llwynypia; J. Owen, Treorky; D. H. Williams, vicar of Dinas Powis; T. Davies, Caerphilly; T. G. Cule (late of Pontypridd), W. Lloyd, Llantwit Vardre; Idris Thomas, Llanwonno: and J. E. Rhys. Cardiff. The general public included Drs. Howard Davies, Evans, and Dawkins, Pontypridd and Messrs. E. Jf, Davies. J.P., Pentre; W. E. Rees, Penarth; G. R. Jones ("Ap Caradog"). W.Hogg (County Council). R. S. Griffiths, Tonypandy Joseph David and Francis Miles, Pontypridd; Joseph Brooks, Porth: T. Thomas. Ty'nywern: II Targett, Llantwit; D. R. Evans. W. Jones, an4 W. Davies, Pontypridd; Dewi Cule. I entre; D. O. Lewis, G. Griffiths, and J. Owen. Pontypridd. The service at the grave was conducted by the Rev. W. Lewis, Cwmpark. At Tuesday's meeting of the Pontypridd Dis- trict Council a vote of sympathy was. on the motion of Mr. Hofkin Morgan (chairman), passed with the deceased's relatives.

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ANTIQUARIAN TOPOGRAPHI- CAL, AND CURIOUS. [CONDUCTED BY ARTHUR MEE.] [Suitable communications are invited, signed with the real name of the sender or with a nom-de-plume. They must be short, concise, plainly written, and addressed— Cambrian Notes and Queries, Weekly Mail." CardilT.J

QUERIES. LLANELLY. I read (I forget where) a few years ago an interesting and historical account of the old mansion known as Yaux Hall, L'aneliy. Can any of your readers tell me where I may be likely to find an account? Y. COUNTING THE HERRINGS. At New Quay. in Cardiganshire, they used to have special terms for counting herrings. What were they? I only remember that "Mwys o scadan" meant 500 herrings. "Ys- gad-an" seems to be derived from "cad," an army, just as "herring" is derived from "heer," also meaning an army. T. C. U. REV. G. M. MADER. In an old copy of the "Gwiadgarwr," pub- lished at CaerlJeon, the marriage is recorded (January 3, 1834) of the Sev. John Maber, B.A., son of the Rev. G. M. Maber, M.A., rector of Merthyr Tydfil. Will some reader kindly oblige with a few particulars about the latter gentleman's extraction and history? D. R. P. THOMAS LLEWELYN, OF RHIGOS. I spent a whole day at the Lambeth Library trying to find a record of the licence which Llewelyn is alleged to have obtained from Archbishop Grindal. I found a dozen or more like licences bearing Welshmen's names, but I failed to find Llewelyn's. It would be inte- resting to know whether anyone else has seen a record of his licence, or whether the fact, can he established by other evidence. Pentre E.S.O. J. G. "TERESTENT" CHURCH. I wonder if you or any of your correspon- dents can tell me anything of the Church of Tereetent, marked on Saxton's and on Sic. Blome's maps of Monmouthshire, as existing below Bydwelthye (Bedwellty) Church, and somewhere in the neighbourhood of Pontllan- fraith? It is strange that every trace of any such church should have so utterly disap- peared, if it was really in existence when Saxton and Blome drew their maps of Mon- mouthahire. EDMUND J. JONES'. MEANINGS WANTED. Can you tell me the meaning of a pewter "Voider" and "limbictr," pillow "beeres" (slips or cases?), "Gyhha" on which to place hogsheads, "brandice." "bunt," and "bun- tynge" house? Theeo words occur in a seventeenth century inventory in Colonel TurbcryiU's recently-issued book on Ewenny Priory. EDMUND J. JONES. WELSH DIARIES. By these I mean not necessarily diaries in Welsh, but diaries by Welshmen and relating to Wales. I should like to know what diaries there are extant prior to the nineteenth cen- tury. I have seen and read that of Philip Dafydd (1710-87); then there are the diaries of Philip Pugh (1679-1760). Thomas Morgan (1720. 99), Henry Davies (1695-1766). It would be inte- resting to know where these are now. I under- stand that the last-mentioned was lent by a member of the family and never returned. These old diaries a,re historically valuable, and ought to be taken care of. If they could be deposited in the Cardiff Free Library they would be safe and within reach of the student. R. J. J.

REPLIES. (C.N.Q., November 30.) IRELAND SEEN FROM ST. DAVID'S. In clear weather the south-eastern coast of Ireland may be seen from the higher points of land at St. David's. "G.iraldus Cam- brensis" (Sir Rd. Colt Hore's translation) has an interesting note on this fact. Gerald the Welshman (as we prefer to call him) says:- "In clear weather the mountains of Ireland are visible from hence, and the passage over the Irish Sea may be performed1 in one short day, on which account William, the son of William the Bastard, and the second of the Norman Kings in England, who was called Eufus, and who had penetrated far into I Wales, ori seeing Ireland from these rocks, is reported to have said, 'I will summon hither all the ships of my realm, and with them make a bridge to attack that country.' Which speech, being reported to Murchard, prince of Leinater, he paused awhile, and answered, 'Did the king add to thiø threat, If God please?' and, being informed that he made no mention of God in his speech, rejoicing in such a prognostic, he replied: 'Since that man trusts in human, not Divine power, I fear not his coming.' I believe that the land seen from this side is the Wicklow Kills. H. W. WILLIAMS. Solva. THE FIRST TRAMROAD IN THE CYNON VALLEY. (C.N.Q., November 30.) Although I am unable to answer the question of Mr. Evan Hopkin in your last issue, a few facts in reference to the matter may be of interest to some of your readers. A part of the road (from Penderyn to Hirwain) was made about the year 1763, when the first furnace was built at Hirwain. It contained I two wood baulks running parallel, the same as the present rails, over which the lime- atones were drawn in a car—"car llusg." I knew an old quarryman at Penderyn when I was a boy who remembered that contrivance in full working order. The trams and plates were invented by a North of England man in 1763. The road, which was then a regular tramroad. was extended from Hirwain to Aberdare about the beginning of last century. It was made from Penderyn down to Aber- dare, and not from Aberdare up, in order to have the stone blocks straight from the quarries. Thus, it appears to me that there must have been more than one engineer managing the work. Whoever they were, they did it wonderfully well, as there are only two or three places all the way that require a sprag. JEN KIN HOWELL.

^NOTES. WELSH AND IRISH. Thirty years ago the Irish language was to all appearance dying fast, with less than 20 per cent. of the whole population of the country able to speak it, almost without a present-day literature, and, eo far as a few scholars were concerned, living on the trophies of the past. The spread of popular education and the influence of elementary schools seemed only to accelerate the course of decay, and, indeed, did so for a time; pro- bably. in many instanceaia doing so now. Yet, for all that, such has been the reaction in favour of Irish that it seems quite within the bounds of possibility that it may become re- instated, we will not say as the principal, but as the ;,econd, language of the country in a sense almost as important as that of Flemish in the French parts of Belgium, where the dominant language (French) has had reluc- tantly to make way for a partner, a know- ledge of which is obligatory on all educated men. How far the day may be distant when public notices in Dublin and Waterford -will be issued in Irish, not because English is not understood, but because Irish has he come an oflicial language, we will not venture to decide. J. E. SOUTHALL. Newport. THE ARMS OF THE WELSH COUNTIES. If possible, I shouid like to create a keen interest in this subject in the mind of every reader of this column and every lover of Wales and things pertaining to Wales. A great deal has lately been said, written, and done in the matter of the Arms of Wales, and I presume the subject must rest in abeyance for an indefinite period. But not eo ie the cause of the Arms of the Welsh counties. This is the first intimation to the public. My interest ill the subjeiJt was aroused man after the county councils in Wales were established. Of coarse, each county wns anxious to have the use of its own armorial bearings. Cardiganshire and ona or two other counties ashed or wrote me if I knew what the Arm a were. I told theal that I did not remember them at the moment, but if they gave me time I would search for them again, and that I was quite-sure I had heard, read, or seen something in connection with them. They agreed to give me sh months, as there was then no hurry for them. I immediately set to work, in ltly own little "\Vel8h" library (where I suspected the information lay), through kind friends (some of the heads of departments) in the Britieh Museum, and. backed by these friends, through the College of Heraldry. The latter was a tough shop to deal in, for fecf]. feea, fei's were requlrcd at every step in the search. However, by hnok or by crook, I obtained all the information I required free. My argument was that what was lost ought tD be found, and what was once could be need again. "Richmond Herald" informed me that several of the counties of England and Wales had lost their arms and were using the arms of their respec- tive county towns, and gave examples. It seems that this practice is illegal. Before finishing with Richmond Herald I gave him the information I had long been in search of and found, and he wrote me saying. "Cer- tainly, the information you have obtained is very interesting." Of course, it was not for him to state carte-hlanche that the discovery ;B all right. His business, when the time comes, will he to get fees, fees, fees for the re-establishment of the lost arms of the counties of Wales. My next letter will com- mence the story of how the arms were found. Aberystwith. R. KENRICK.

MEDICAL. T ADES, This is a, very oid-fasnioned name, not? seldom used, hut we regret to say the diseaso is as common as ever. It means a gradual wasting away observed in babies, and is duo to tubercular or consumptive disease in the elands of the intestines in the abdomen. tuberculosis 13 the constitutional disease woich is such a ravager of our country. In imants it aSects the bowels, in childhood the brain, and in later life in manhood chiefly tha lungs, vhen it is called phthisis. It is often hereditary, and runs in families, but it also constantly arises in children who are born to weak, delicate, badly-fed parents, who live in unhealthy surroundings, and who spend their days in badly-ventilated workshops and fac- tories. Intemperate habits in the parents also are fertile causes for the appearance of this disease. The growth of tubercle is assisted, if not caused, by minute organisations, so small as only to be discovered with difficulty by means or the microscope. These germs are found in milk, some sorts of meat, and are widely spread about in the air we breathe by means of the saliva aud expectoration which con- sumptive people spit about in our streets and houses. These germs, which we must all take into our bodies, more or leso, do not take root and multiply in strong, robust persons, but in under-fed, over-worked, scrofulous men, women, and children they enter the lungs and stomach, get spread over the different organs; they take root, as it were, and grow, thus setting up spots of disease in the glands, lungs, and elsewhere. Any affected spot degenerates, decays, ceases to do its proper work, and tends to ijoison the rest of tho system. In babyhood, as we have said, the bowels are most affected, and this may be because they are fed on milk containing theso germs, hence it is very wise to boil all milk before it is given to infants, for the beat of boiling kills all germs. The milk of a mother who is in advanced phthisis contains these germs, and she should not be allowed to suckla her baby. £ ChiiUren with Tabes do not thrive, but get thinner and more weakly, and grow very little. They are always fretful and in pain, and no sort of food seems to suit them. They are often sick, and arc very liable to have diarrhoea. The abdomen h too larjre, and dis- tended with wind and water, and they are sometimes convulsed. The skin is unhealthy. and the child often has sores, and the month gets affected with thrush or ulcerated SPOt8. Even with the greatest care s11ch children generally die after a few months' illness. G. H. R."—We never recommend individual doctors. H. J. H."—Yes, keep on with cod-liver oil, either pure or in emulsion, until you are well again. "Nemo."—Take Easton's Syrup in email doses twice a day in water for a week or two, and notice the effect. "W. C. F."—We do not think that camphor water will cure you. Essence of ginger, taken in water, will do more good. Mrs. Hardern.—We regret that we cannot understand what is the matter. Will von please write again and givei more details? "Constant Reader" Œouth).-Lose no time, but go tr a good doctor, and ask him to tho- roughly examine your lungs and heart. C. Matthews.—You must certainly see a private doctor about yourself. We cannot undertake to prescribe for your condition. "Fareham."—You may try a five-grain tablet of antipyrin for the relief of the head- ache, but you must not repeat it too often. Doveridge."—Write to the superintendent. Meath Home of Comfort for Epileijtics, West- brook, Godalming. for particulars and ex- penses. "Chowrughee."—Please write again, and be far more explicit. What are the worms? Who has got them? And how do you know there are any worms there? "Anxious."—Yes. the only way to deal with such a disease is to ask the advice of someone who not only knows what to do, but who can see the sick children, and is quite sure what the disease really is. "Modder River."—Daily gentle rubbing is the only remedy. You must rub something in, and we do not think it matters much what. Cocoa butter would serve, or almond oil, or even the purest olive oil. D. Webb.—We cannot treat such cases. There is a doctor of the name you give. but in the Medical Directory his address is given as at Ealing; but. of course, he may have also a consulting room in the place you mention. Constant Reader" (Sara).—We do not understand what yon mean to imply bv your swollen leg." Is the swelling doughy- aiJ^ whereabouts in the leg is it? How long' you had it? Is it painful? Is it red.? John" (Chiswick).—Take of bromide of sodium and of ammonium, each 8J grains; add two drachms of spirit of choloroform to an eight-ounce bottle of water, dissolve the bromides in it, and take this medicine in tablespoonful dosea thrice daily. "T. B." (Mansfield).—To ensure success, each case shoulcl be treated on its own merits, and not by any definite rule. You may try taking a tabloid of citrate of Lithia in water, three times a day, for a week or two. A chemist will procure them for yon to order. "Florence."—Throw the pills away; they will only keep up your indigestion. You require more nourishing food, and without it you will not get well. Take cod liver oil or Maltine, or both, after every meal, and a basinful of Ridge's Food every night on going to bed. W. Davis.—We recommend your wife to fre- quently use a lotion made of a teaspoonful of powdered alum dissolved in a quart of hot water. As for yourself, yon should have your heart examined, for we fear that only one conclusion can be drawn from what you say: and you must take a heart tonic, or you will not get better. "Anxious" (No. 6).-Yon, unfortunately, have tuberculosis thoroughly in your system, and the glands, the knee, and the general ill- health are all due to one and the same con- stitutional weakness. If you could get into a home where you could have open-air treat- ment you might be cured. Otherwise you can only go on as you have been doing. "T. J."—You have a scrofulous constitution, and the blood mixture you name cannot cure it. If you had not taken the iron and oil regularly you would not have lived so long; it has prevented you from falling into con- sumption. You had better have any a/bseess opened as soon as it is ripe, and be very care- ful to have the wound cleanly dressed. "A. B."—Probably your whole scheme of living requires to be altered, and you must learn and follow the laws of personal hygiene. Then you will become sufficiently robust to be able to sing in public, Ac., without catch- ing cOld, Any bookseller will recommend you an easy book on the subject; there are scores of them in publication. "Hopeful."—If you have really been under two doctors for eight months and are not benefited, it would be strange, indeed, if we, who hÐve never seen YOU. could he sure to hit, upon something which will do you good. We think that possibly your giddiness may be that of minor epilepsy, but the very slight information yon give us is hardly a sufficient guide in helping us to form a good guees. "Donny B."—You will continue to need purgatives as long as you take them. Instead! you must cultivate a new style of living. Go out for a brisk short walk early every morn- ing. Drink a glass of cold water before break- fast. and eat porridge and some fruit or other every day at breakfast. You probably eat far too much meat; eat more vegetables and brown bread. You must Dot expect to get well all at once, but you can take a small dose of salts occasionally until your bowels recover. E. Truswell.—We are extremely sorry for you, and would be glad to put you in the way of improving your condition. You must wear flannel next the skin, avoid getting the feet wet. and eat as much fatty food as you can. You should take cod-liver oil pure, or in emulsion, after every meal. First a tea- snoonful, then a tablesnoonful, three times every day. Eat plenty of butter, cream, eggs, and .fats of every description. Fat v.ill be your cure, if you can manage to take enough without upsetting your digestion. E. F. F."—Be careful at your meals not to bolt your food, not to drink much during meals, and to eat only digestible foods. You need to regulate your ways of eating, not to take physic. Get your teeth properly seen to. Mason (3rd Scots Guards).—^1) We regret that we cannot supply you with what you require. If you would read the instruction at the top of these columns you would find that we only prescribe for people whose symptoms, age. work, and habits we know something about. If we sent "a good herbal cough mixture" to anyone who asked, we should, indeed, he more quack showmen and not physicians at all. (2) We regret that wo know nothing of gold paint. You should apply to the general information department.

LEGAL. Son's Debts.—"Devonian."—You are npt responsible for your son's debts. Muring Order.—"Muzzle."—Yon must keep the dogs muzzled until you get to your shoot- ing ground. Municipal Honours.—"Cymro."—There is no property qualification for candidates for municipal honours. Debt.—"Caro."—We really cannot advise an to joining the husband without knowing mor") of the facts. Prima facie, the husband would not be liable. Watch.—"Whec's."—We should advise you to pack the watch and return it. It would be better for you to do so than run the risk of an action for conversion. Publican's Duties.—"J. S."—A licensed vic- tualler, unless he is an innkeener, is not com- pelled to serve anv person unless he chooses, nor need he give a reason for his refusal. Letters of Admipistrarton — "Ccltje."— Letters of administration are documents of record. You can obtain a copy at Somerset House, or at the registry out of which they were issued. Freehold Settlement—"Xtmas."—It is im- probable that the widow would have any claim at all on the nr0pert: If the child dies before attaining 21, or after that age, without leaving a will, it will come to his heir-at-law, and the heirship would be tracec through the father. If there were no heirt on the father's side, the mother would be tit child'a heir. "t