The Welshman

AUTUMN PREPARATION OF LAND.—CATTLE I ON ARABLE FARMS. A discussion which recently occurred at the London Farmer's Club affords incidentally some indication of the means necessary to increase our supplies of live stock, as well as of the causes which have rendered store cattle compyatively scarce. The subject was the autumn CUI-I tivation of wh"at stubbles and the subsequent peparation and growth of a root crop." Now every farmer knows that the number of cattle which can be reared on his farm de- pends mainly on the quantity of roots Le can grow. If it be a breeding farm, as it is called, that is one with a con- siderable extent of inferior or second-rate pasture land, the limit to keeping young stock is the quantity of winter provender, in a word the supply of roots which can be afforded for their use, not the extent of the summer's run. Again, if young cattle be very poorly kept through the winter, they must be placed in smaller numbers upon the pasture grounds in spring and summer, so as to give them more food to recover from the semi-starvation of the winter. Upon a large proportion of our arable farms on which few cattle aie now bred, many additional head of neat stock might be bred and reared with great advan- tage to the occupiers, and that without any diminution of the feeding slock, provided good crops of roots could always be secured. Possibly there may be other conditions requisite in many cases, to which on another occasion we may refer but the condition universally essential is that larger quantities of roots shall be grown. Mr. Bond (of Suffolk), who opened the subject by read- ing a paper, adverted to the large breadth of land in all parts of the country where the most disgraceful foulness prevails. On one side of the fence we may see all corn and no weeds, on the other comparatively all weeds and no corn." For this all sorts of excuses are made by the slovenly farmers; but for such farming there is really no valid apology. His first specific for obtaining clean land is autumn cultivation, as being the cheapest and most effectual. August and September are by far the best months for the destruction of any amount of weeds or rubbish-it is then the soil is peculiarly dry after the hot month of July, and after the removal of the wheat crop. The sun's heat is excessive, the thermometer often standing for successsive days at So and 90 degrees, the mean temperature always exceeds by 10 degrees the temperature of the combined months of March, Aptil, May, and June, when the cleans- ing process is usually proceeded with, and it is in autumn the vitality of every plant is at a very low ebb thus the unusual dryness of the soil, the extreme heat of the sun, the high mean temperature of the atmosphere, and the expended energies of the plants themselves, all favour the autumnal work. With judicious management the peren- nial weeds cannot live through it, and I am convinced more good can be done by one day's work in August or September than by five days of hard labour in the spring. Should we succeed in the economical application of steam to field operations, as appears both probable and immediate it is in autumn cultivation that such an invaluable adjunct as steam for a motive power would be of incalculcable service. But without this assistance I have always been able, with the horse strength of the farm, to clean three- fourths of the wheat stubbles for early roots and the re- j remainder in the spring. In this way I believe any farm may possibly be cfeaned from couch-grass in four years, but it may always positively be done in eight. I mention couch-grass thus pointedly, because it is common to almost all soils, and it is more difficult to destroy than any other perennial excepting the dock; if, therefore, the couch is killed, all else will submit. He then detailed the particular plans he adopted for this purpose on his own farms in East Suffolk:- The farms have a clay subsoil. I farm them on the four-course shift, and, to show the adjustment of the horse labour, I will mention that I manure for the bean crop and the clover. I consider this to be not only the best course to pursue for obtaining the largest return from the crops themselves, but it lessens the horse work in the wheat preparation, and allows of increased strength for cultiva- tion on the attibbles I have therefore, no manure to cart for wheat, bu: simply to plough- I mow the wheat, which is the first crop ripe at harvest, before carting any the whole horse strength of the farm is therefore at liberty for eiRht or nine days the harvest men work in a company; the s heaves are shocked a considerable distance apart from ridge to ridge; an extra lad suffices for carrying the extra distance; the two men reserved at harvest wages for working the horses begin operations between the rows of shocks upon the same or succeeding day of commencing harvest. As the land lays up in small stetches of 8ft. 3 in., one man opens the furrows with a common plough and two horses; the other man follows with Biddell's scarifier, to which four or six horses are attached, accord- ing to the extent of the occupation and the size of the implement. These horses are worked from five o'clock in the morning till twelve o'clock at noon, the men in the meantime staying for breakfast; at one o'clock the men proceed with fresh horses, and work till seven in the evening, again stopping in the meantime half an hour for refreshment thus, but little manual labour is required for working a large number of horses, and, as it is hard work, is enough for the horses themselves. It is necessary to pass over the land twice with the scarifier, first with the tips or tines, afterwards with the hoes; in this way the land is thoroughly brokfn and the rubbish exposed to the action of a scorching stin after the cartalle of the wheat the few remaining stetches are scaritied in the same "meaiiiier this can be done in harvest, and if a farm is conveniently situated the corn cartage and the autumnal cultivation may both be proceeded with. I observe, by reference to my labour book, that last year one scarifier was at work 20 days, which was 10 days after the corn securing had commenced. Upon very foul land I scarify a third time, and at right angles to the previous direction the entire surface is thereby disturbed and more fully exposed to the action of the sun's rays. When cleansing the land is put off until spring, as is too generally the case, the sun has far less power, and the land is seldom so free from moisture as after the month of July. The land, too, is ready for root cropping in the spring, producing an increased breadth of good early root crops, which may be grown on clay or loamy soils, instead of no root crop at all, or but poor half-sized bulbs," And he added I do not like the straw and water providential manure system which it induces. It was all very well when we had neither the mangold wurzel as a root, nor artificial manures to assist us; it was all very well when a root crop could not be grown, or it it could be grown it would not pay but if we are to have, as free trade promises on the average, cheap wheat and dear meat, our clay soils must be made stock-producing as well as corn-producing. And why not ? But, again, I do not like the common turnip system on heavy land, except for early feeding it is prepared for late, it comes late, and it is carted off late. And if any two principles are more fully established than others as to such soils, they are that, that it should be ploughed early to receive the winter's frost. But I often see these golden principles disregarded; I see the cart going all weathers-wet and dry the same I see the field rutted in different directions—perhaps one mass of mud; and then to complete the mismanagement, the land is unploughed till spring. As to the succeeding crop of barley of course it is but a mockery to expect any it will not deserve the name of "crop"—it will be but an apology for one, and the land is injured for years. Again, I do not set my seal to the growth of but half crops of roots on retentive soils perhaps a little Swede or a poor starved mangold wurzel. This will not do; no root crop at all is better than a poor one, and poor root crops are ruinous; if we grow them, we must grow them good. For the drier districts he recommended farmers to increase the growth of mangold wurzel, for the culti- vation of which Mr. Bond gave many useful and practical instructions. The old fallow system must be abandoned. The habits of men are changing, the population requires more meat, we consume more, the French consume more, and for profit the law of demand must govern us; we ) cannot do better than to attend to it, and as more animal food is required, I conceive our beat Otall :6 to produce it. I believe we can all grow more roots than we do and I believe we can all keep more stock than we do; but the root crop must be a paying crop, and the stock must be a paying stock. This I believe to be a matter of man- agement We can grow mangold wurzel at a cheap rate per ton, and if we feed stock with an economical admixture of chaff, cake, and corn, we may manufacture meat at a profit: but the old pbn of giving cattle 1111, the cake and corn they will consume is simply wasteful--the animal system cannot appropriate the elements of nutrition. He protested against too great economy in horse labour, saying I never considered it an indication of economical and good management that but a small proportion of horse strength should be maintained, as a little too late is then the bane of evety operation, and it is the great curse of heavy land farming. Five good, horses, well-fed, and worked daily, are a fair allowance for every 100 acres of arable land, and they are sufficient for carrying out the root culture I have described. Much depends upon the proper adjustment of the horse work, and I have usually found the cultivation of harvest to come as follovs-- Cleaning wheat stubbles, ploughing for wheat, mangold wurzel carting and ploughing the land, wheat seed, ploughing wheat stubbles on ridge, mucking and ploughing for beans, mucking clover layers, preparing muck for man- gold wurzel, second ploughing of wheat stubbles, spring corn seeding, mucking for mangold wuriel, and ploughing land, &c. The weather no doubt often interferes to prevent so much autumn cleaning as is desirable, but with patience and determination, a great part of the land intended for roots may be so cleaned; and it is certain "that by autumnal cultivation foulness may be er-dicated, clean- ness attained and maintained, fallow labour reduced, root crops improved and extended, clay farms converted comparatively to stock farms, the straw and water admixture system changed for rich nitrogenous dung. Economist. FARM MEMORANDA.—Blackacre, one of the farms on the l'heydon Bois estatej belonging to R. W. Hall Dare, Esq., consists of about 200 acres of fine land, lying on the borders of Epping Forest. From Loughton Station on one of the branches of the Eastern Counties Railway, a drive of about three miles through forest scenery of the most beautiful description brings the visitor to this farm, which Mr. Hall Dare keeps in his own hand. By means of skill, energy, and perseverance, Blackacre has been brought within the last three years from a state of comparative neglect into which it had been allowed to fall by its pre- vious occupier, into first-class condition, and that not so much by heavy manuring or other expensive measures, as by thorough drainage and deep and clean cultivation. The farm of Blackacre has been all drained four feet deep, and from twenty four to twenty seven feet apart under Government inspection, and as an example of what that kind of drainage and clean cultivation can effect it Is well worth attention With an intelligence and foresight which did him credit, Mr. Hall Dare, ably supported by his steward, Mr P. Mitchell, in direct opposition to the views entertained by men of everyday habits, not only drained his farm efficiently at the depth named but he rooted up misplaced hedgerows, threw two or three fields into one, did away with all furrows, and otherwise introduced such innovations as made him, like his neighbour, Mr. Mechi, a marked man in his locality. Such observations as the only thorough drainage he would effect was the drainage of the purse," are, however, now seen to be misapplied, and now all the more important tenants on his estate are fast following his example. This is as it should be we only want a tew landlords of sufficient spirit and liberality to take the lead, and we need have no fear of the result. Long-established customs handed down from father to son would give way as they are already beginning to do in this part of Essex, before improved cultivation and our poorer classes would be then more cheaply and better fed than they are at present. If examples were wanted of the striking effects produced by thorough drainage, they might be found in the case of two meadows near the house since these have been drained, coarser grasses have not only given way to others of finer quality, but they are at least a fortnight in advance of undrained fields of the same de- scription, an advantage of immense importance when it is considered that this earliness has often in dry seasons the effect of securing a crop, while that on undrained land is a failure. Nor are these cases without a parallel. A field of artificial grass laid down on the 25th of April last year without a crop was, a month ago, quite eighteen inches in height, and as even and beautiful as it was possible for a crop of the kind to be. The seeds sown were Lawson's mixture for stiff land. Than this mixture ncthing could possibly have succeeded better, indeed so well has it answered that nothing else should ever be employed for permanent pasture. These grasses have been mixed and sown this year with Talavera wheat-the latter drilled in six pecks to the acre though thin it has tillered most satisfactorily, and promises to be an admirable crop. From a field which, under ordinary circumstances, should have been fallow, in this year is to be taken a crop of beans: they have been drilled in twenty-eight inches apart, and are regularly horse-hoed with Smith's (of Kettering) hoe every ten days. The width at which they are sown, and this constant stirring and moving of the soil gives the field all the advantages of a fallow, and at the same time it is known that it will furnish a good crop of beans, an item surely worth attention.

REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CORN TRADE. (From the Mark Lane Express.) Ihe chief part of the past week being dry, haymakers have secured many stacks in the finest possible order; but the crop is much lighter than expected. We fear spring corn, especially Barley, may suffer, as the consequence of the late drought, though W heat, as a whole, seems likely, with a favourable blooming time, to excel in the yield. Friday night's rain must prove highly serviceable to the light lands, as well as beneficial to the new samples and growing crop of potatoes. Europe has had, 'more or less, very similar weather and though the northern and Baltic provinces had light rains at the time they prevailed here, tne Rye crop can scarcely reach an average. In France there has been a good fall of rain, and the crops mostly look fine. In America, too, there continues a fair promise. The markets have again been decidedly in the sellers' favour, many being but poorly supplied. The average gain in value is about 2s. per qr., which buyers have most re- luctantly paid. The same upward tendency has generally ruled in foreign parts; so that with the recent advance there is little or no margin for a favourable result to imports. Odessa, as a principal source of supply, gives rather more promise. The late excitement there has given place to a calm and downward tendency, from the favour- able weather and prospects of a greater abundance from the interior. Stiil for present help there seems bat little dependence to be placed in any but our own stores, which we believe to be sufficient to carry us through. As respects stocks of home-growth generally, we incline to the opinion that no country is relatively so well off as our own. Thus all the world this season appears conspicuously dependent on the continued bounties of Providence. In floating cargoes the following small business has passed, arrivals being very scanty One cargo of Galatz Wheat on passage at 48s. one of Ghirka at 59s.; one also of Galatz Maize has been placed at 36s. 6d. The sales noted last week were 115,102 qrs. Wheat, at 60s., againkt 104,801 qrs. in the same perid of 1856, show- ing a rise of 7s. from the lowest point. The London aver- ages were 63s. 6d. on 3,374 qrs. The imports into the principal ports of Great Britain in Wheat and Flour for the week ending 10th of June were 54,975 qrs. The Wheat trade in London opened on a very small foreign and fair English supplies. The morning's addition from Kent and Essex was moderate, and many of the country markets on Saturday becoming dearer, there was a very ready sale of English at fully 2s. to 3s. per qr. ad- vance. The foreign irade was not so lively, but holders were able to establish an improvement of 2s. on the terms of that day se'nnight. On Wednesday the quantity per coast was 1,170 qrs. foreign. The samples of English then on show sold readily on fully Monday's terms, with the same features in the sale of foreign. On Friday the arrival coastwise was 12,610 qrs., wiih 12,260 qrs. foreign No change then took place in English qualities, but for foreign there was an improved inquiry, with some occa- sional improvements on certain qualities. There were very few additional samples of Foreign Flour on Monday, with somewhat below the average of country samples. Stocks being light, Norfolks advanced 3s. per sack, closing at 46s. Town samples were also put up 2s., making the top quotation 54s.; and Amerioan barrels were fully Is. dearer. On vVednesday there were 1,390 sacks coastwise, and nothing from abroad. Norfolks being then more in request from the lightness of stock held by town millers, they were fully 18. per sack dearer; samples of American being held at such rates as to check sales. On Friday there were the only additions per coast of 250 sacks and 180 sacks foreign. The upward tendency of prices then continued, and some good sales of Norfolk Flour were made at 48s. English Barley, on Monday, was again scarce, and foreign supplies much less than of late. But few samples remain- ing on shipboard, the bulk of foreign was firmly held, es- pecially sweet sorts fit for distillation, which were in very small compass. On Wednesday the supply consisted of 2,270 qrs., exclusive foreign. The weather being too dry for the crops, this limited supply made holders firm in their demand, the trade closing with unaltered features on Fri- day, with an increase of foreign to the amount of 2OïO qrs. The Malt trade, on Monday, remained, as for several weeks past, dull, but without alteration in prices. Friday found it in the same state. Monday's supply of Oats was small, and nearly all foreign. Dealers being pretty well in stock were not much in the market, but needy buyers had to pay full prices fur all good corn. On Wednesday there were 10,060 qrs. from abroad, with nothing Irish or home grown. The severity of the east wind being against the growing crops, buyers then had to pay full prices for all good qualities. On Fri- day the supply consisted of 26,219 qrs. from abroad, with only 400 qrs. from Ireland and but 10 qrs. of English. The weather, though hot and forcing, being still without rain, prices continued more decidedly against buyers. The supply of Beans, on Monday, was better than most grain, but still scarcely of the usual amount. Prices being firm and buyers not eager, business was slow at former rates. The tone of business closed rather in favour of sellers. There were again very few Peas on Monday; but with a limited inquiry no improvement in prices took place. With scarcely anything doing at the end of the week, holders of foreign white, ot which the stock exclusively consists, ex- hibited more confidence as to future rates,. Of Linseed the arrival was fair, but importers were still able to place it without any abatement of former terms. Cakes remain good demand, and the lightness of stocks enabled holders to sell at quite as much money. Friday's market left prices against buyers. In £ eeds «ery Jittle was passing. Canaryseed, contrary to general expe'tatiori, mliihtaid its price, Mustard and Hempseed continuing firm. Cloverseetf Very littl- offered. Carraway and Coriander sold steadily at formei prices. The country markets for Wheat were generally agreed as to an advance, though some did not raise quotations. Bir- mingham bad too large a supply to establish any improve- ment, and many farmers being dissatisfied withdrew theii sgmpk. Sleafotd and Market Harbomugh found but a slow slale at Is. per dr. moi-,s motley; Wolverhampton and Newcastle "ere only Is. to 2s. per qr. iiiglier Ham-ley and Worksop were Is. per load dearer. Bristol and Newark were up 2s per qr. Gloucester, Boston, Louth, Melton Mowbray. St. Ives, Lynn, Gainsoorollgh, Hull, and Man- Chester, all wrote prices 2s. to 3s. per qr. improved. Leeds and Spalding were up 3s. to 4s. per qr. Norwich found retail trade at 4. advance. Liverpool) on Tuesday, scarcely exceeded the previous F'ridaý, šaieó èveiHüally were made of Wheat at 2d. to 3d. j per 701bs, over that day se'nnight. Flour being improved 6d. to lot, per barrel. Spring Corn WSti tfnstltefed,- and in Maize the only improvement was on white samples to the extent of Is. per qr. the latter closing at 40s. to 41s. 64. per qr. Friday's market was rather in favour of sellers, Beans being decidedly 1a per qr. cheaper, and Maize reduced 3d. per qr. The general tendency of the rates of spring Corn has been firm, mostly so in Oats and Beans. The East and West of Scotland have varied. Edinburgh with a large supply, and weather considered advantageous, rather gave way in all cereals. Glasgow, on the contrary, improved in the sale of Wheat and Flour to the extent of 6d. to Is. per boll on the forrtler. and Itt the same rate on the latter per barrel and sack. Oats also improved 6d. per 2641bs. Beans and Peas tending upward, and Barley unchanged. The Irish markets have rather improved. Clonmel so long stationary, was Id. per stone higher for Wheat. Waterford experienced more inquiry generally, at rather higher rates; Wheat being 6d. to Is. per brl. higher, and fine Danube Ataite selling at 0.-1, per brl more; Flour also was6d. to 1M. per sack dearet; and fine Oats firm. At Cork Oats were held higher.

FOREIGN CORN TRADE. In Paris the Flour market has scarcely varied since our Iat, fine white samples being quoted 70 to 77 francs per 157 kilos. (45<. to 49s. 8d. per 280 lbs. English), and extra to 79 francs (51s. per 280 lbs. English), only 3s. below London prices. The streams being low, millers have placed their fine qualities with greater facility, but inferior were vefy diiffcult to quit. The Wheat trade was on a small scale; millers only buying according to their imme- diate wants, in the face of a favourable harvest. Fine white Normandy was still as high as 43 fr. per sack (6.5s. per qr ) and red to 41 fr. 50 c. per sack (63s. 6d.) Low qualities were quite neglected, foreign samples being little sought, and, on the other hand, litle offered. The previous drought had somewhat diminished the prospects of a good yield on the light lands; but rains having lately fallen, there was a fair general promise. Wheat was earing well, and Rye was whitening fast, and with favourable weather for a few days would be fit to cut. The artifieial rasses were being mown. Throughout the country Wheat has been firm, some places, as Houdan and Lille, quoting about Is. 6d. per qr. advance. Ha.re was calm At Bordeaux the public sales were less attended, and the lower sorts of Wheat to be bought at Is. per qr. less money. Marseilles had variable weather, good arrivals, little business, with prices firm. The Belgian markets have continued firm. Native Wheat at Antwerp sold at 61s. to 62s., Rye, at 31s. 6d. per qr. Oats and Barley calm. The crops were very favoura- bly spoken of. Brussels quotes Rye about 6d. per qr, lower. At Ghent the decline in five was fully Is. 6d. per qr., but Wheat at buth places was firm. In Holland reports were also favourable for the future, there having been plenty of heat as well as rain. Polish Wheat was rather dearer at Amsterdam, and Rye had risen about 9d. per qr. White Wheat at Rotterdam had in- creased in value 9d to Is. 61. per qr., and red rather more the former being quoted about 61s., and the latter 64s. der qr. At Frankfort-on-the Maine there was a free inquiry for Wheat, at full rates. Cologne also was firm, but with less doing. Hambro' has had a large business, at improved prices. Io Switzerland the movement has been upwards. Zurich was about Is. 6d. per qr. higher for Wheat, and Bale about 9d. per qr dearer. Almost tropical heat had been experienced at Berlin, suc- ceeded by intermitting showers. It is, however, feared they have come too late fully to repair the damage of the former drought, as respects spring corn. All cereals were slightly increased in value, Wheat and Rye being also in lively demand. A beneficial increase in the temperature had been experi- enced at Riga. Some vessels had arrived, but not enough to answer the call for shipments. A slight reduction in the rates of Linseed was noted. Rye had not improved as expected, but Wheat found more favour for export. Barley WIIS little offered. Russian Oats, 34lbs, per bushel, were quoted about 16s. 9d. per qr. At Petersburg, Cuhanka Wheat on the spot was as high as 63s. 7d per qr.: for August delivery the quotation was about 578. 7d. per qr., and Russian 49s. 5d. per qr. Odessa advices were dull, the brisk demand having ceased but a sale of inferior Polish Wheat had been made at 43s. 6d. per qr., still lower prices were expected on more liberal receipts. First quality soft was 52s. to 55s. Ghirka, and the finest hard 50s. 6d. to 52s. 6d. per qr. A high temperature with occasional showers gave a good promise as respected harvest. Freights were rising, being 7s. 6d. to 8s. per qr. for Marseilles. Sales of Danubian Rouraelian Wheat had transpired at Constantinople, at ,44s. 6d. to 45s. 9,1. per qr. for the Mediterranean. Of Roumelian Barley, 1,200 qrs. had been placed for England, at 16s. 2d. per qr. The stock remaining was about 11,000 qrs hard Wheat, 3,300 qrs. soft, 1,200 qrs. Maize, and 10,000 qrs Barley. Trieste advices show much activity in cereals, about 4,000 qrs. Wheat, and 6,000 qrs. Maise being placed, the former at 60s. 9d. for Taganrog Banat to 58s. 8d. per qr. and Berdianski, on passage, at 65s. 6d.; Maize 33s. to 33s. 9d. per qr. At Leghorn, prices were somewhat abated by large arrivals, and discouraging accounts from Marseilles. Egyp- tian Wheat had fallen to 49s. 6d. Polish, 54s. to 55s. per qr. In the interior prices were receding continually, under the favourable appearances of the approaching harvest. Maize was neglected, though offered 55. per qr. lower, the season for consumption being over. Harvest operations pooceeding very favourably in Alge- ria, prices of Wheat were lower, the fall being equal to 4s. 6d. per qr. Barley was still scarce and dear, but new samples were shortly expected. About a fortnight's fine weather had made the crops assured. Dealers were ac- cordingly acting with the utmost caution, restricting their purchases to absolute necessity. At Philipville the like reports prevailed, and advices were quite sanguine as to the quantity of Wheat and Barley ex- pected this season. Barley was partly cut, and Wheat ,nearly ready but nothing could be offered for sale earlier than mid-July. The latest advices from Santander note Wheat to be firm at last quotations, Spanish Flour bring, alfoat, 644. 3d. per English sack. Maize has been less active in demand, fiue Galatz having brought about 48s. 9d. per qr. Stocks were low, and it was not expected that Spain, with the new har- vest well gathered, would be an exporting country. New York advices stiil further cut off the expectation of free exports, a month having transpired since the opening of the canals, with greatly deficient supplies. There were still hopes cf a large increase; but, without it, home co n- sumption would require all, and prices were relatively dearer than in Europe. The total shipments to England in one week amounted to only 893 barrels, out of 55,711 barrels Flour required. Rye had risen 6s. 6d per qr., and Maize fully 2s. per qr.

MONEY-MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE. FRIDAY.—The funds have been steady to-day at the slight improvement of yesterday, but the market shows little tendency to animation. Consols for the 9th of July opened at 93J to ex. dividend, and returned to that piice after a short period during which there were buyers at 93J. Money was in demand during the morning at the Bank minimum of 6 per cent. Later there was a better supply. Bank Stock left off at 212 to 214 Reduced, 92f to s New Three per Cents., 92a to 93; India Bonds, 8s to 4s. dis- count Exchequer Bonds, 985 to j ar.d Exchequer-bills, 2s. discount to 2s. pm. Foreign securities were steady, but the operations were not generally important. Turkish Six per Cents, tor money were negotiated at 961, and a, and for the account at 961, J, and 4. Business in the Four per Cents. Guaranteed took place at 101f for money and 102 lor the account. In the foreign exchanges there was no important altera- tion. Paris was a shade lower, but Amsterdam and Hamburg fully maintained the rates of last post. The Paris Bourse seems totally incapable of revival. Neither the reduction in the Bank of England rate of discount, nor the intimation that further artificial supplies of gold are not required for the moment by the Bank of France, has sufficed to stop the downward movement. The closing quotations of the Three per Cents, this evening were 681. 40c. for money and 68f. 65c. for the end of the month, showing a decline of an eighth. SATURDAY.—The English funds have been inactive to- day from want of business, but, owing to the favourable character of the Bank return, and the announcement that the zCl,125,000 due to Denmark is not likely to be with- drawn, the tendency was towards improvement. Consols for the 9th of July were quoted EF3h to ex dividend, and the last official quotation was 93i to B. After regular hours e: 931 to 1. After regular hours there was rather less firmness. 4 Bank Stock left off at 212 to 214; Reduced, 92g to 93; New Three per Cents., 93 to b India Bonds, 8s. to 4s. discount; Exchequer-bonds, 98 j to a and Exchequer-bills, 3s. discount to Is. premium. Foreign securities were steady, with a moderate amount of business. In Turkish Six per Cents, operations took place at 961. The closing quotations of the French Three per Cents. on the Paris Bourse were 68f. 40c. for money, and 68f. 60c. for the end of the month, showing a further fractional de- cline. The letters from Paris continue to describe a complete 1 discouragement on the Bourse, although during the past week the demand for money in the discount-market has greatly diminished. The specie of the Bank of France is believed to be well maintained, notwithstanding the drain to Italy which is stiU obserable. The recent reduction in the premium offered for gold will, it is considered, prevent any new contracts being effected for supplies from this country. Uncertainty seems to prevail as to the question of a reduction of the rate of discount. The more cautious bankers express a hope that it may be deferred till next month, when money is usually in less demand, but the majority of the public evidently expect it to take place on Thursday next. MONDAY.—The English funds opened with firmness this morning at the prices of Saturday, but the market was flat, and closed at a decline of an eighth. Consols for the 9th of July were first quoted 931 to i ex dividend, and the final transactions were at 936 to j. There appeared nothing to account fur the absence of animation except the knowledge of the extent of the outstanding speculation for a rise. In the discount-market at-d at the Bank of England the de- mand for money was co'ttpstatively slack. The specie arrival from America was such as s fafely been exceeded. the stock of bullion at the Bank is undeffflWd to be re- ceiving additions by the return of sovereigns from Scotland and Ireland, and the accounts from the Paris Bourse showed a slight improvement; but none of these circumstances seemed to have any effect, and the tone of business at the close was very dull, Paiik Stock left off at 212 to 214; Reduced, 921. to 93 New three per Cents., 93; Exchequer. oonds, 981 to i; India Bonds, 8s. to 4sr. diceatint and Ex- chequer-hills, 3s. discount to Is. premium. Foreign securities also were heavy. Ttirki-b Six per Cents. for money were negotiated at 961 and 951 for the account, 96l, 96, and 96J. The final quo-ation of the French Three per Cents. on the Paris Bourst this evening were 68f. 65c. for money and 68f. 75c. for the end of the month, showing a recovery of nearly a quarter per ccnt. TrEwA Y. The funds remain without fftfimation, and the stagnation of business in the Stock-Exchange is such as is rarely witnessed until the autumn. Consols for the 9tb of July have stood throughout the day at the closing price of last 2vening—93J to i ex dividend. Money was in demand on Government securities at the Bank minimum rate of 6 per cent jand it was said that some moderate amounts were required to pay oft loans lately advanced by the East India Company. Bank Stoolt closed at 212 to 214 Reduced. 221 to 93; New Three per Cents., 03 ? Exchequer Bonds, 98f to » India Bonds, 8s. to 5s. discount; and Exchequer Bills, 3s. discount to par. In the discount-market and at the Bank of England, the demand for money to-day was extremely active. This, how- ever, is necessarily the case at the present period of the quarter, when large amounts are absorbed at the Bank on account of revenue payments. Scarcity being thus created in the open market, there is, of course, no remedy for it except in the shape of increased advances and loans from that establishment. Foreign securities were heavy, at a further slight decline. In Turkish Six per Cents, the transactions were at 95J for the account 96k > the Four per Cents. Guaranteed, for the account, 102. In the foreign exchanges the rates on the whole may be considered the same as last year. The final quotations of the French Three per Lents, on the Paris Boufse were 68f. 50c. for money, and 68f. 65c. for the end of the month, showing a decline of an eighth. WEDNESDAY.—The English stock market remains with- out the slightest change of importance, and the variation in prices since the closing of the transfer books has not exceeded i per cent. Still there is a large speculative ac- count open, and notwithstanding several circumstances have occurred to justify an improvement, the extensive supply of stock prevents buoyancy. The market, however, is strong, and if investments could be effected, a higher range of prices would no doubt be effected. The Funds are at the same quotations as those current yesterday, and business is I extremely limited. Consols for the account closed at their opening prices—93 J to t. Foreign Stocks are dull, and prtvious rates are main- tained.

RAILWAYS. I FRIDAY.—The railway-market was steady to-day, and in some cases there was a tendency to further improvement. Foreign and colonial were also rather firmer, but business was not animated. Banking and miscellaneous shares exhibited no particular alteration, although quotations were fairly supported. An increased amount of operations are, however, recorded in these descriptions. Bristol and Exeter, 91; East Lancashire, 974; Great Western, 65; Lancaster and Carlisle, 74; Lancashire and Yorkshire, 100g London and North Western, 102J Midland, 844 Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford, 16 South Wales, 89 Vale of Neath, 21; Crystal Palace, 2J. SATURDAY.—The railway-market presented an unsettled appearance. In the majority of cases there was a tendency to flatness, bnt purchases of North-Eastern and South- Eastern caused an improvement French descriptions were heavy and prices lowej. Grand Trunk of Canada ex- perienced a decline owing to several sales. Bank shares exhibited steadiness, with increased transactions. Little alteration occurred in miscellaneous or mining shares. Bristol and Exeter, 90! Caledonian, 751; Great Northern, 100; Great Western, 64J London and North-Western, 1031; London and South-Western, 101J; Midland, 84; South-Eastern, 754 South Wales, 89; Vale of Neath, 21; Crystal Palace, 2J. MONDAT.-The railway-market was heavy, and owing to increased sales there was a decline of from 5f. to 10s. per share. The operations were not extensive, but some of the speculators showed a disposition to realize. Foreign ex- hibited steadiness, but Great Western of Canada were flat. In banking and miscellaneous shares there was little activity, although quotations presented firmness, Bristol and Exeter, 92; Caledonian, 75; Great Northern, 99; Great Western, 644 London and North Western, 1031; London and South- W estern, 101j Midland, 88J South- Eastern, 76; South Wales, 89; Vale of Neath, 20s Crystal Palace, 2. TUESDAY.—The railway-market haa been quiet to-day, and prices show no material alteration. Dulness has been the general characteristic of business, owing to the tempo- rary cessation of speculation. In banking, mining, and miscellaneous there was a fair number of transactions at steady prices. WEDNESDAY.—The dealings in railway shares have been by no means active, but a slight advance took place in the values of some of the leading lines. No business was done in Mining shares, and prices are quite nominal. Vale of Towy, el. d. The miscellaneous shares are inactive, at barely former prices.

2 he quotations give the actual price, witlottl reference to I premium or discount, and amount paid tip. Share. Paid. Names of Lines. I Tues. Wed. 50 50 Aberdeen — 20 20 Birmingham and OxfordJunc. — = Stock 92 Bristol and Exeter. 914 p? Stock 100 Buckinghamshire, Stock 100 Caledonian 74 j 741 100 All Chester and Holybead 3147 1 741 5 All Crystal Palace. 19 2 50 45 Dublin and Belfast Junction ?. Stock 20 Eastern Counies Hi 71, Stock 100 East Lancashue. 98 98 Stock 100 East Lincolnshire, 6 per cent. Stock .10 Edinburgh and Glasgow 64 64 Stock 100 Great Northern 99 991 100 100 Great North of England 641 64 100 100 Great Western 644 64: 50 50 Hull and Selby. ¡ 50 50 Lancashire and Carlisle. 74 74 100 100 Lancashire and Yorkshire. lOlj looi 50 all Leeds Northern. — — Hi 11J London and Blackwall 6i Stock 100 London, Brighton, & S. Coast 113 113 12| 12f London and Greenwich Stock 100 London and North-Western.. 103J | 103ft Stock 100 London and South-Western.. 101' joli Stock 100 Midland. 83t I 83i 100 100 Ditto Birmingham and Derby 55i 56 Stock 100 Ditto Bristol& Birm. 6 per et. 25 All Newport, Aberg., & Hereford 16 16 Stock 100 Norfolk. 624 63 J Stock 100 North British. 43i 43& 20 17 t North Staffordshire Stock 100 Oxfd.,Worcester,and Wolver. 32J 32! 100 100 Scottish Central. 108 108 Stock 50 South Devon 19 19 100 100 South Eastern 76? 75 Stock 100 South Wales. 886 89 Stock 100 Taff Vale — — 20 all Vale of Neath 20i j 21! 100 100 York, Newcastle, and Berwick — Stock 20 York and NewcastleExtension — 100 100 York and North Midland — j — 16 All Northern of France. 39 39 20 All Paris and Lyons. 69 59l

He submits himself to be seen through a microscope, who suffers himself to be caught in a passion. The most laudable ambition is to be wise, and the greatest wisdom is to be good. We may be as ambitious as we plpase, so we aspire to the best things. When the ambitious propose an end to their ambition they deceive themselves; for, when attaiaed, the end becomes a means. It is better to be of the number of those who need relief, than those who want heart to give it. There is an inscription on a tombstone at La Point, Lake Superior, which reads as follows: John Smith, accidentally shot as a mark of affection by his brother." Leave your grievances, as Napoleon did his letters, un- opened for three weeks, and it is astonishing how few of them, by that time, will require answering. CANDLE HOLDING.-The expression "Not fit to hold a candle to him," arose from an early custom of candles being held by domestics, and not placed on the table. THE BRAVERY OF FORGIVENESS.—Forgiveness is the most refined and generous point of virtue that human nature can attain to. Cowards have done good and kind acts but a coward never forgave, it is not in his nature Don't you understand me, Jim ?" thundered the old man. Why you must be a fool." If I am not, I am very near one, meekly replied Jim. There are very few original thinkers in the world, or ever have been; the greatest part of those called philoso- phers, have adopted the opinions of some who have gone before them. -Stewart. A HISTORI,&N Is BU LL.-IN the Literature of Europe," Mr. Hallan says No one has yet had exhibited the structure ef the human kidneys, Vesalius having only ex- amined them in dogs." Human kidneys in dogs! Talk of Irish bulls after this! AN ACCOMPLISHED HORSE DOCTOR.-A gentleman re- sident near a country town was lately furnished with a bill from a veterinary practitioner, of which the following is a literatim and verbatim copy Mister James Dools to To one penorth Wip Chord, 6d. To curing yore hors til it died, 5s. Total, 5s. 6d. AN ALLEGED MIRACLE TURNED TO PRACTICAL Ac- COUNT.—Dr. Duff states that a few years ago, a company of ascetics having lighted their sticks of dried cow dung where veins of coal were out-cropping, the black stone caught fire; at which they were greatly astonished, and circulated the report of a new miracle, which was the special manifestation of their god of fire, who had caused the very stones to burn. Multitudes flocked to the spot. a new shrine was erected, and worship paid to the god of fire. Some Europeans hearing of it, went to the place, and soon ascertained the real nature of the miracle, which they turned to profitable account, by digging and working a mine that has since supplied the Ganges steamers in Upper India with ooal.

r CARMARTHEN CORN RETURNS. I WEEK ENDING, June 20, 1857. rotal Quantities. Wheat, 56 quarters, 6 bushels barley, 0 quarters, 0 bushel; oatt, 84 quarters 2 bushels. Beans, 0 quarters, 0 bushels. Average per Quarur.- Wheat, 61s. Id.; barley, Oa. Od. oats, 23s. lOd. CAUMARTHEN.—Beef,(per lb.)5Jd.to gid Mutton 7Jd to 8 Jd.; Pork, Od. per lb. Veal, 5d. to 7d. per lb. Lamb, 7d. per lb. Fresh butter, (24 oz. Is. 6d. Salt, lOd. to Od. Chickens, 2s. 6dper couple; eggs 10 for 6d.; cheese 28s. to 29s. per cwt. Potatoes, 71b. 6d. new 3d. per lb. Household Bread, 6d. the 4Ibs. Loaf. LONDON MARKETS, MONDAY, June 22. MAEK-LANE.—The supply of Wheat was short from Kent this morninz. Factors commenced by asking very high prices, which checked business. Ultimately, a few sales were made, at an advance of Is. to 2s. from Monday laat Barley unaltered. Beans and Peas in demand, at fully late rates. Oats a slow sale. Canaryseed Is. to 2s. dearer. AVERAGE PRICE OF SIX WEEKS. Week ending June 13. lroperial- General Weekly Average.—Wheat, 58s. 9d.; Barley, 41s. 8d.; Oats, 268. 2d.; Rye, 40s. 10d. Beans, 44s. 3d. Peas, 40s. 5d. LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d. I 9 8. d Wheat.. 6223 qrs. 3 a1 9 ? R — qrs. 0 0 0 Barley 13 2 2 11 Beans 473 2 1 11 Oats 3057 1 6 6 I Peas. 100 2 4 2 PRICES OF BUTTER, CHEESE HAMS, Aw. Butter, per cwt. a. s .Cheese, per cwt. s. s. Friesland 96tol02 Cheshire. 78 84 Kiel 96 100; Double Gloucester 60 74 Dorset. 98 100; Single new Waterford. —j Hams York 90 100 Cork. 88 lOOj Irish 84 96 Limerick 84 90 Bacon dried. 74 78 Sligo. 90 1001 Green. 66 70 BARK AND OTHER TANNING MATERIALS Per load of 45 cwt. English, Tree £ 13 10 0 to £ 15 10 0 Coppice £ 14 0 0 9 16 0 0 Mimosa pertonf90 0 £ 11 10 0 Valonia and Smyrna.. JE13 0 0 £ 16 10 0 BREAD.—The prices of Wheaten Bread in the Metropolis, are from 8d. to 84d.; of Household do., 6d. to 714. per 4lbs. loaf. TALLOW. The amount of business doing in our market is by co means extensive. Prices, however, are well sup- ported. To-day P. Y.C., on the spot, is selling at 61s. 6d. per ewt. Town tallow is 58s. nett cash rough fat, 3s. 24d. per Stbo. I WOOL.—AH kinds of combing wool are in good demand and the needy growers have cleared off their stocks, prices are held with greater firmness, which, with great reluc- tance, buyers are forced to submit to and during the last week purchases have been freely entered upon. HOP.—There is no improvement in the general reports received from the plantations, and the prospect? 0 y an average crop are becoming doubtful. Our market is Arm, and last week's prices are fully supported. PROVISION.—Business to a fair extent was done in Irish butter last week. The sales made, however, were chiefly in limited quantities for immediate use, beyond which the dealers were not disposed to operate. Price* for Carlow and the milder descriptions 988. to 101.. Ltfnerick 94s., Cork 3rds 91s., 4tbs 80s., landed. Very little aofdeo board. Foreign, of all best quality, was cleared at 102s. Other kinds nearly stationary in demand and value. Irish and Hambro' bacon was in request, at an advance of Is. to 2s. per ewt. Of hams and lard nothing new to report. ISLINGTON.—There was an extensive show of all kivids of foreign stock here to-day; and amongst it were 210 oxen from Corunna, mostly in very poor condition. The arrivals of beasts fresh up from our own grazfftg districts were seasonably large, and mostly in prime smdition, especially as the Norfolk season is now just drawieg to a close, The aggregate supply being considerably in excess of the wants of the batchers, the demand for all breeds of beasts ruled heavy in the extreme, at a decline in the quota- tions, compared with Monday last, of 4d. per Slbti., and a total clearance was-not effected. The general top figure for Scots did not exceed 4s. 6d. per 81bs. From Norfolk, Suf- folk, Esseii, and Cambridgeshire we received 2,500 Scots and Shorthorne; from other parts of England, 350 of various breeds; from Scotland, 120 Scots; and from Ireland. 11 Oxen We were heavily supplied with all breeds or sheep, and, with some exceptions, their quality was good. The trade generally was in a depressed state, and, compared with this day se'nnight, prices gave way from 2d. to 4d. per 81 bs. A few very superior Downe may have produced a trifle over top figure, but the general price for them was not more than 4s. 8d. per Slbt. West Country Downs realised about 4s. 6d. per 8lbs., and several lots of sheep were turned out unsold. There was an extensive show of lambs, for which the demand ruled heavv at 4d. ner 81bs. less money. The highest figure for the general run of lambs was 6s. 4d. per 8lbs. From Ireland, 800 bead reached the market. The supply of English calves was only moderate; of foreign large. The veal, trade ruled heavy, at 4d. per 81bs. less money, compared with Monday last. Pigs were very dull, and 2d. to 4d; per 81bs. lower, although the supply was only moderate. Prices per 81 bs. to sink the offal.-Coarse and inferior beasts 3s. Od. to 3s. 2d. second quality do. 3s. 4d. to 3s. Sd. prime large oxen 3s. lOd. to 4s. 2d. prime Scott, &e. 4s. 4d. to 4s. 6d. coarse and inferior sheep, 2s. 1M. 3s. 2d. second quality do. 3s. 4d. to 3s. 8d. prime eoarte woolled sheep, 3s. lOd. to 4s. 4d. prime South Downs 4s. 6d. to 4s. 8d., Lambs, 5s. 4d. to 6s. 4d., large coarse calves, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 2d. prime small ditto, 4s. 4d. to 4s. 8d. large hogs, 3s. 8d. to 4s. Od. neat small porkers, 4s. 2d. to 4s. 8d. Beasts, 4240. Sheep, 27600. Calves, 402 Pigs, 230. HIDE AND SKIN MARKETS. s, d. s. d. Market Hides, 56 to 64 lbs to 0 51per lb. Do. 64 72 lbs 0 51 0 bi Do. 72 80 lbs 0 54 0 6. Do. 80 88 lbs 0 6 0 61. Do. 88 96 lbs 0 6i 0 64. Horse Hides 10 0 11 0 each Calf Skins, light 30 6 0. Do full. 86 00. Lambs 23 36. METALS. S. s. d. t. a. d ENGLISH IRON. Refined 0 0 0 Bar and Bolt,. per Grain. 0 0 ton 8 10 0 Fine Grain 0 0 0 In Wales a. 7 15 0itt0 bars. 0 0 0 Rails Staffordshire 8 0 0 Do. granulated 0 0 0 FOREIGN STEEL. FOBIGN TIN. Swedish keg, nom 23 0 0 Banca, in bond 7 0 3 Do. Faglfot, 0 0 0 Straits, 6 1 8 ENGLISH COPPER. TIN PLATES. Sheets, sheathing Kchr",<»rb">1! 0 ?'<\ ?''p"?er ? to. 0 0 0 IX do. 2 5 0 and botts o c n" T?ugh cake j'7 0 0 IC Coke per box.. ?}? ? 0 TUe. 117 0 0 IX ?do.? ?? ?3? o Q Old copper per 1 19 0S pound 0 0 0 mogu?cc?, 35 0 0 ENGLISH LEAD. Pig per ton 25 5 0 FORIGN IRON. "• 0 Pig per ton 26 0 0 Swedish. 16 0 0 ENGLISH TIN. RussianCCND.. 14 10 0 Block per ton .130 0 0 Ind. Ch. Pigs in Bar 131 0 0 London 6 0 0

WEEKLY CALENDAR. THE MOON'S CHANGE.—First quaater, June 29th, at 30m. past 4h. night. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES. FOR THE ENSUING WBBK. Carmar- Cardigan Tenby i*ber_it. DAYS. !then Bar. nd and IA.t. !Llanelly. Bristol. MM.?d In M H M. {&• M. 11- Saturday, June 27 9 51 110 41 9 26 ;U 11 Sunday, 2810 38 111 28 10 13 11 68 Monday .29H 23 12 13 10 58 12 43 Tuesday 3012 13 1 3 11 48 1 33 Wednesday July 11 1 13 j 2 3 12 48 2 M Thursda ,y 2' 2 8 2 58 1 43 3 28 Thursday 23, | 3 18 2 3 55 2 43 4 28 Friday. 3; 3 18, 3 55 2 43 4 28

LONDON GAZXTTE I BANKRUPTS,-( Friday, Jww 19.)-H. Remington, gw fitter, Fenchurch-street, London. W. Booth, timber merchant, St. Luke's, Middlesex.-T. B. Cooper, builder, Old Kent. road, Surrey.— W. Wayre, mantle warehouseman, Oxford-street, London.—E. Price, upholsterer, Plaistow, Essex.—C. Worters, tailor, Boughton, Southampton-street, London.— W. Gifford, saddler, St. Ives.—E. Belton, inn- keeper, Dudley.—F. Baxter, silk throwster, Nottingham^—- W. Reynolds, draper, Pontyprydd. Glarn. E. Pincott, tea-dealer, Carditt.—W. Lodge, .1o&h JD600. facturer, Hudderafield. W. B.awle, broker, Livapovi.- W. Stock, glass manufacturer, Newton, Lancashire. BANXRUFTS.-r?M?, JMW 23.)-T. *A' carver, Piccadilly. — B. Strange, draper, A. Salter, grocer^nd prorbtcn de?M-. S'"n*M.—W? p]_„ lace manufacturer WeUii?.?h.N.r?P?h? E. Bannister, malter, W StaorÙhlre.-Enoc Hughes and W. Ad"mp ?'?'  p prilices Ud.- g-A- !<.y.-W. Lindy,K??. ??SS3??? &.rdthire.-J.B. Bi<ech?er?t,J   g.   gt<MM, Liverpool.—W. H.  r"