The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

UPROOTED TREES. Uprooted trees belong to the landlord, as they are timber trees. The rule of law is that, where timber trees are blown down by the wind, the lessor takes them, because they are part of his freehold but if they are dotards without any timber in them, then the tenant can take them. Of course the provisions in leases vary, but it is quite an unusual thing for an exception to be made in favour of a lessee in this direction. As between tenant farmer and landlord, therefore, it may be taken for granted that a blown down timber tree belong to the latter but where the tenant is a tenant- for-life or a copyholder, his rights in regard to timber are dependent upon the terms of his inheritance.

RQRWICKS Uf EMKING POWDER ]U snakes lhe finest SSSSSSSs TSPSSPS Pnnad. C akes edVatiy. SSSSSKS TSPSSPS Pnnad. C akes edVatiy. SSSSSKS

HOW TO PRUNE FRUIT TREES. In a contribution to The Small-holder," Mr J. Udale says that this is a much mis- understood art, and many trees suffer as a result. Pruning is a means to an end, and it not the end itself. Many suppose that the application of a pruning knife to a fruit tree must neces- sarily cause that tree to produce more, if not better, fruit and that the knife itself exercises some strange, if not magical, in- fluence upon the tree, converting it from a barren tree into a fruitful one. This is not the case. Fruit trees, in numberless cases, have been made partly barren through injudic- ious pruning, and were the writer com- pelled to choose between having his' fruit trees badly pruned or not pruned at all, he would deliberately choose the latter course. Of a number of reasons for pruning, three are most important, viz.: 1. To promote good and abundant growth. 2. To ensure light to the manufacturing organs-the leaves. 3. To give form or shape to the tree. In the first case, we aim at obtaining healthy growth in a young or small tree, in a large tree, and in an unhealthy or aged tree.

Perth Boot I INORWELL'sj Of Bargains. J 2 8/11 BOOT ffcr I 1 Country Wear is one of H the few solid leather working B men footwear bargains in the W market. Uppers of Scotch-tanned hide, hand built by Scotch Shoe Makers, who know exactly the I ■ stress and hard wear demanded B of the boots, and the material and workmanship to meet ■ this satisfactorily. Send tracing of outline of foot cm ■ paper and P. O. Satisfaction Guaranteed or Cash ■ refunded. I Nor*well'8(Dept. 4) )_ Perth, N.B. j 0 Scotland's Boot* by-Post-Finn. Established over 100 years J

I No danger in eating freshly baked cakes, scones, tea-bread, etc., when you use 'Paisley Flour' —the sure raising powder- Everything baked with Paisley Flour is most digestible, even when new, and do you know that any cakes left over and reheated in the oven the following day are almost equal to the freshly baked.

"ADVICE TO MOTHERS."—Are you broken in your rest by a sick child suffering with the pain of cutting teeth ? Go at once to a chemist, and get a bottle of MRS. I WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRTTP. It produces natural, quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and the little cherub awakes ) as bright as a button." Contains no Poisonous Ingredient. Of all Chemists. I/Ii per bottle.

HOW TO RAISE DUCKS. Ducks' eggs must be dampened during hatching, whether under a hen or in the incubator. They should be dampened once each week during the first three weeks and the fourth week about three times luke- I warm water must be used. When hatching you must assist them if they are slow in coming from the shell, and it will not hurt them in the least. They

CURED AT 78 of Chronic Cough by VENO'S LIGHTNING COUGH CURE. Mr George Bradley, Long Street, Wotton-under Edge, Glos., writes:—"Two years ago I had a serious illness, which left me with a very bad cough, but Veno's Lightning Cough Cure cured me, after trying everything else in vain. I always use it when I have a cold or cough and it never fails to cure me. I am 78 years of age. a fact which shows the wonderful sustaining properties of Veno's Lightning Cough Cure." Veno's Lightning Cough Cure is a perfect I remedy for coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma, blood-spitting, nasal catarrh, difficult breathing, and all chest and lung troubles. Price, 9id, 1/14, and 2/9 of all chemists.

0 AD us COCOA Lq -FCOjVOMIC4L

Newtown Result. What is the result here in Newtown ? We have heard the good news from neighbouring towns, but somehow nothing has just the same weight with us as the re3ult in our own town. A Newtown result like the following, however, must impress us all. Mr W. H. Slater, the well-known fishmonger, of Newtown, says:—" Some months ago I was laid up with muscular rheumatism. I suffered most excruciating pains in the small of my back and loins, which extended into my thigh. For three months I was laid up, and for six weeks of that time I was unable to get out of doors. My ankles and wrists were swollen badly, and the urinary system was entirely out of order, the secretions being scanty and only passing with difficulty. For several weeks I was under the doctor's treatment, but received no particular benefit. Then I heard about Doan's backache kidney pills and decided to try them. After taking one box I began to feel better; the secretions passed more freely, and the pains in my back were less. I went on with the pills, taking several boxes of them in all, and they put me right. I am exposed to all kinds of weather, and now if I feel any sign of the trouble returning I take a few doses of the pills, and they give quick relief. I can heartily recommend Doan's backache kidney pills. (Signed) W. H. Slater." Doan's backache kidney pills are two shillings and ninepence per box, or six boxes for thirteen shillings and ninepenoe. Of all chemists and stores, or post free direct from the Foster-Mc- Clellan Co., 8, Wells-street, Cxford-stveet, London, W. Be sore you get the same kind of pills as Mr Slater had

THE FUTURE OF HORSE-BREEDING. Horse-breeding is in a critical position just now. It is declared by some that in the event of war we should be faced by the grave problem of supplying horses for the Army. I The various horsebreeding societies are doing their best to revive the industry by making the breeding of horses profitable. But for the purposes of national defence, however, something more practical is needed. The only remedy is for the Government to make horsebreeding a paying enterprise —even when the market is slow. Foreign countries are doing this. Their agents are scouring Ireland for every suitable horse, and, not content with taking away breeding

WEAK. PALE WOMEN with Worn-out Nerves. The Safest and Surest Remedy is DR. CASSELL'S TABLETS. 1. Are you a nervous wreck ? 2. Are you thin and bloodless P 3. Are you depressed or anxious P 4. Is your appetite poor and capricious P 5. Do you feel low and run-down ? 6. Do you lack vitality and nerve force ? If you suffer from any of these symptoms or are in any way weak, thin, nervous, or debilitated, or suffering from any form of physical and nerve ex- haustion, a course of Dr Cassell's Tablets will speedily a permanently cure you. This great remedy of world-wide repute is pure, safe, and reliable, and contains just what is necessary-to restore wern-out tissues of nerves and organs, and is the most remarkable body builder and restorer of modern times. Doctors, scientists, and the public generally are testifying to the extraordin- ary qualities of Dr Cassell's Tablets, and it only remains for the sufferer to try them, and be con- vinced of their efficacy. Ask at any chemists for a lOld, or 2/9 bottle of Dr Cassell's Tablets, or send two stamps to Dr Cassell's Co., Ltd., King Street West, Manchester, for a free trial box. Try them to-day, you will be astounded at the result.

HOW TO TREAT WORMS IN PIGS. A common complaint of pigs is caused by the common round worm of the pig. It frequently attains the length of a foot or even 18 inches. It has a firm, elastic body, stout in proportion to its length, fat in the middle, and tapering towards each end, and has a small head. Its colour is milky white. These worms do not cause any serious injury, but it is desirable to get rid of them, because they live on the food matter contained in the bowels of his host, and when, as it frequently happens, there is a large number of them present, they take so much food from the pig that it is literally starving, in spite of eating ravenously. The presence of the common round worm is indicated, in most cases, by general signs of ill-health, poor condition, "pot-belly," razor back," and hide-bound." There is a dry scurvy condition of the skin, which is very often itchy. The appetite is irregular, but voracious. There is diarrhoea, alter- nating with constipation, mucus is being passed with the feces, ahd there are some- times slight colicky pains. Some or all of these symptoms may, how- ever, be due to other causes than worms, and the only certain proof is, in fact, if specimens are voided and found in the excreta. As regards the treatment, a favourite remedy with a practical pig-breeder is tur- pentine. Most of the advertised remedies are equally useful, but turpentine is cheap, easily obtainable, and fairly safe to use, and very effective. A useful recipe for worms in pigs is oil of turpentine, 1 to, 2 drachms tincture of assa-fcetida, 2 to 4 drachms carbonate of iron, and chloride of sodium, i to 1 drachm each. Give in milk, gruel, or linseed oil. It must be borne in mind that the size of the dose must be in proportion to the age, weight, size, and breed of the pig. In some cases it will be advisable to ask the local chemist to make up the warm medicine suitable to the particular pig to be treated.

FEEDING STOCK TURKEYS. The correct feeding of the stock birds (says a Board of Agriculture leaflet) has an important bearing upon the result. If the food be too fattening the male will fail to fertilize the eggs, and the hens will be liable to become egg-bound owing to broken shell- less eggs in the oviduct. The dietary must necessarily vary according to the weather and conditions, but may include ground oats, barley meal in moderation, biscuit meal, middlings and greaves, with grain at night. Some breeders prefer a whole grain diet for both morning and evening feeding, using wheat, barely and oats (a greater pro- portion of the latter), together with cabbage and such roots as swedes, when the pasture is poor, but considerable variation is pos- sible and necessary, according to the char- aater and condition of the range. The importance of a generous supply of grit and calcareous material should be emphasized.

THE "BACKBONE OF BRITISH FARMING." The depression in the sheep trade (says f Farm and Home'), and the gratifying re- covery which set in just before Christmas, have both given rise to much speculative theory as to the why and wherefore of such happenings, but whatever they may have been, the slump seems to have passed away, and we can hail its departure with a sigh of relief. Any permanent injury to British sheep farming would be a disaster indeed, for it would disorganise our entire system of cropping and management of a large pro- portion of the land in this country, and entail ruin on those' mountainous and hilly districts where sheep are the only source of revenue. Recent events go to falsify the theory that the depression in British mut- ton was caused by the augmented supplies of frozen, and that its consequent cheapness had led consumers to use it instead of home-grown. The present advance has come in face of the continued abundance and cheapness of the imported article. There has; indeed, been a falling off in foreign receipts of 190,648 cwt. since January 1st, as compared with the same period last year, but this has had no apparent effect on the trade, which is still encumbered with enormous stocks in cold storage. The position now is that British mutton is once more making double the price of foreign, and we are driven back to our old con- victions that, after all, the two articles ap- peal to entirely different classes of con- sumers, and have each a separate market, the fluctuations in which are by no means identical. The present improvement in British sheep is probably largely owing to a better state of trade in the industrial centres, moderate supplies, and the en- hanced value of wool.

When the late Dr Guthrie was in the county of Ross, his attention was directed to a servant girl who astonished her master by refusing to feed the cows on the Sab- bath. She was ready to milk, but would by no means feed them. The cows," she said-drawing a nice distinction between what are not and what are works of necessity—" the cows canna' milk themselves, so to milk them is a clear work of necessity but let them out to the fields, and they'll feed themselves."

BUTCHERS' HIDE. SKIN AND WOOL Company Limited, New Canal-street, Birmingham. -Current Prices: Hides—90 and up, 6-51; 80 to 89, 5!-5¡; 70 to 79, 51-61; 60 to 69, 51-fit; 60 to 59, 5i—5±; 49 and under, 6—5f; cowa- 60 and up, -4-1, 50 to 59, 51-4!; 49 and under, 5 J—-4f; bulls, 5-41; warbled and irrees* 4i—5|. Calf, 17 and up, 7; 12 to 16, 8t; 9 to 11, Sf light, 8i. Horse hides, 21/ 19/ 17/3, 15/9, 13/ 10/6, 8/9. Wools-Lots, 13/11, 12/6, 11/4, 10/6, 10/3, 10/ 9/9, 9/6, 9/3, 9/ 8/10, 7/6, 6/ Welsh-SJB, 2/2. Fat-BAst beef, 3Jd beet mutton, 3d; seconds, 2id common, lid. Mixed fat, 2!d. Bones-Marrow, 1/2; waste, 9d per score.

—♦ Police Promotions in Montgomery- shire. The following police changes are being made in the county:-P.C. Davies, Berriew, is promoted to Montgomery, in succession to P.C. Davies (retired) P. C. Lewis, Churchstoke, is promoted to Berriew P.C. Parry, Trefeglwys, to Churchstoke, and P.C. Pugh, Llanidloes, to Trefeglwys.

The Borough Member and Sheep Dipping. In the House of Commons, Mr J. D. Rees asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Agriculture whether he was aware that objections were raised in Montgomery- shire to two compulsory sheep dippings in one year, and what effect had been given to representations made to. him on this behalf. Sir E. Strachey: Representations have recently been made to the Board on this subject. They have been very fully con- sidered and discussed at conferences be- tween officers of the Board and those con- I cerned. The matter will be kept in view, but, having regard to the prevalence of sheep scab in the county, I regret that any modifications of the regulations at the pres- ent time are not possible.

HAVE YOU A BAD LEG With wounds that discharge or otherwise, perhaps surrounded with inflammation and swollen, that when you press your finger on the inflamed part it leaves the impres- sion ? If so, under the skin you have poison that defies all the remedies you have tried, which, if not extracted, you never can recover, but go on suffering till death re- leases you. ^Perhaps your knees are swol- len, the joints being ulcerated; the same with the ankles, round which the skin may be discoloured, or there may be wounds; the disease, if allowed to continue, will deprive you of the power to walk. You may have attended various hospitals and had medical advice, and been told your case is hopeless, er advised to submit to amputa- tion; but do not, for I CAN CURE YOU. I DON'T SAY PERHAPS; BUT I WilL Because others have failed is no reason 1 should. Send at once a P.O. for 2s. 6d. to L. N. ALBERT, 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, and you will receive a box of GRASSHOPPER OINTMENT and Pills, which is a sure remedy for the cure of Bad Legs, Housemaid's Knee, Ul- cerated Joints, Carbuncles, Poisoned Hands Tumours, Abscesses, Bore Throat, Bron- chitis, Bunions, and Ringworm. (Copyright) MILLIONS OF RATS have been slaughtered by using HARRISON'S It RELIABLE" RAT POISON* Equally good for Mice, Moles, and Beetles. Dogs and Cats will not touch it. Vermin dry up and leave no smell. Price 6d., Is., 2a. 3d., and 3s. 8d. Postage 2d. G. W. HARRISON, Chemist, Reading. Sold by Chemists. Agents:—For NEWTOWN, AndreN Breese; J WELSHPOOL, W. Bishop; MONTGOMERY, A; Thomas, Borough & County Supply Stores; LLANIDLOES, R. Hughes; MACHYNLLETH, F. Rees. All Chemists. 1 "CARBOSIL" is a brilliant water softener, bleacher and washing soda in ABy powder. Contains no soap and is far my stronger, handier and more effective than ^m/ the old-fashioned tump soda. It guarantees fine usable soft water for bedrooms, bath- ml room and laundry. Indispensable for all scullery and ml kitchen work. For washing greasy pots, pans, scrubbing V* ■/ and whitening floors, cleansing sinks and purifying drains. « I a. M X rocvwY ■ "Adak IV WATtR j^l TER ENER L |_ 1 j. B /m the help hSir ^Vof helps o I 8y appointment to U .M. the King. -RW-

PENEGOES. A Dangerous School.—At the County Edu- cation Committee ,on Tuesday, the Clerk read a letter from the ratepayers of Pene- goes calling the attention of the Committee to the very unsatisfactory condition of the Council School owing to the dampness of the walls and the necessity for the erection of fresh fencing afound it, so as' to obviate the danger of children falling 15 feet.—Mr John Edwards said he hoped the matter would be taken in hand, and the work done immediately. The walls at present were in a most damp condition, and it was neces- sary that something should be done at once. —The Chairman: It will be done, Mr Ed- wards. We have had the estimate for the repairs for the time being.

The Question of Health. The question of health is a matter which is sure to concern us at one time or another, especially when Influenza is so prevalent as it is just now so it is well to know what to take to ward off an attack of this most weakening disease, this epi-, demic catarrh or cold of an aggravating kind, to combat it whilst under its baneful influence, and particularly after an attack, for then the system is so lowered as to be liable to the most dangerous of complaints. Gwilym Evans' Quinine Bitters is acknowl- edged by all who have give^ it a fair trial to be the most specific remedy dealing with Influenza in all its various stages, being a preparation skilfully prepared with Quinine and accompanied with other blood purify- ing and enriching agents, suitable for the liver ,digestion, and all those ailments re- quiring tonic strengthening and nerve in- creasing properties. It is invaluable for those suffering from colds, pneumonia, or any serious illness, or prostration caused by sleeplessness or worry of any kind, when the body has a general feeling of weakness and lassitude. Send for a copy of the pamphlet of testimonials, which carefully read and consider well, then buy a bottle (sold in two sizes, 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d) at your nearest Chemist or Stores. But when purchasing see that the name Gwilym Evans is on the label, stamp, and bottle, for without which none are genuine. Sole Proprietors:—Quinine Bitters Manufactur- ing Company, Limited, Llanelly, South Wales.

.I RATS RELISH RODINE. "D ODINE RAT POISON irresistibly attracts l\ rats to their doom. They like it, eat it, die on the spot. Leaves no smell. Never fails. Complete clearance certain. 6d, 1/ 2/ 3/ 5/ Post, 2d. HARLEY, Chemist, Perth. AGENTS: A. BREEZE, chemist, Newtown; H. E. ELLIS, chemist, Llanfair; H. PAYNE, chemist Welshpool; H. DAVIES, Machynlleth.

CAERSWS. THE following item appears in the min- utes of the Executive Committee of the County Education Authority:—" A letter was submitted from the County Medical Officer stating that he had not received any reports from Dr Rees on the schools in the latter's district, although attention' had been repeatedly drawn to the delay. Re- solved, that a strong representation be made to Dr Rees, and that he be requested to furnish his reports to the County Medical Officer within fourteen days, and failing this, that his salary for the current quarter be withheld. further resolved that a copy of the Authority's letter to Dr Rees be sent to the County Medical Officer."

MONEY. Dear Sir or Madams- Are you requiring a prompt and private Cash Advance? If so, you cannot do better than write for my terms, free of charge. I lend j810 and upwards at lowest interest and repay- ments, upon Note of Hand, or upon Policies, I Deeds, &c. You can rely upon straight dealings and strict privacy.—Write at once (in strict confidence) to F. W. HUGHES, 63, Kingswood Road, Moseley, Birmingham. (43) NO PRELIMINARY FEES. MONEY LENT PRIVATELY In large or small Sums (not lees than 410), on Borrower's Own Promissory Note. ESTABLISHED NEARLY FORTY YEARS, and now lending UPWARDS OF jCSO,000 ANNUALLY. For Prospectus and Terms apply or write to GEORGE PAYNE ft SONS, 5, Town Walls, SHREWSBURY ATTENDANCE AT 2, NEW STREET, WELSHPOOL (private house) any day by special appointment. N.B.—The above Firm have received unsolicited letters of thanks from hundreds of borrowers. Ex- tracts (without writers' names) from more than 1,600 of such letters have been printed in pamphlets issued annually for the last ten years. Speoimen copies of these may be had, post free, on application. Ck MT liADIJSB. "VI W We wllloii receipt of two stamps for- ward you by post a Sample of fH Gautier s Famous Pills jKno which are wltbout doubt the most fll I certain remedy ever discovered for fU I all female irregularities. They are hi I safe and sure. Special Boxes 213 tilt. Jn\ TL Don't delay. Send at once TO OUR J| | ONLY ADDKFSS:— BALSWHT 00., Wmjl Herbalists, Botanic fir Drug stores I18Ctrlc Parade HoUowa LODdOL IT WILL PAY You to pay a visit to the Music Salon, Newtown.

LLANFYLLIN. A letter was read from the Board of Education notifying the Authority that the certificate of the head master of this school (Llanfyllin Council School), Mr J. P. Wil- liams, would expire on the 14th June, 1910, on which date he would attain the age of 65 years. Resolved that Mr Williams be asked for his observations, and that an advertisement be issued for a head teacher for this school, at a salary of iCI20 per an- num, a knowledge of Welsh being essen- tial." This recommendation by the Execu- tive Committee was approved at Tuesday's meeting of the County Education Authority

PAPERHANGINGS—Some desirable Bundles -L of unboiled Remnants still left. AU at about Half-prico.-Phillips & Son, 19, Broad Street, Newtown. CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS COMPANY. TO BE SOLD BY PRIVATE TREATY, the several stacks of well-harvested HAY, of the growth of 1909 (except where otherwise stated) standing at the under-mentioned Stations on the Cambrian Railways, and estimated to contain the respective quantities, more or less, also under- mentioned, viz.:— Est'd Est'd STATIONS. Wght. STATIONS. Wght. Tons. Tons. Barmouth Junction 3 Talsarnau. 51 Penmaenpool 2i Portmadoc 3t Pensarn 3t Criccieth 3i Harlech 4 Abererch 4! 11 (1908 8f „ (1908) 8t For further particulars, and to treat, apply to S. WILLIAMSON, Oswestry, January, 1910 Secretary. CLARKE'S 841 PILLS 8ft warranted to cute. in either sex, all acquired mt 01800 stitutional Discharges from the Urinary Orgua, Gravel, and Pains in the back. Free from Mercury. Established mpwards of 40 years. In boxes 4s. 6d. each. of aN Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors throaghont tfce World, or sent tor sixty stamps by the malrw, Tbs fjlHWfci and Midland Counties Drug Company, Tfocnls 0 9k CROEN IACH A QW AED 1 PUR.—Ovna yr hyn y mat I y "Sarzine Blood Mix- 1 ture" yn ei sicrhau, adim I arall. Nid yw yn honi ■ gwella pob peth, fel yr I Yankee Patent Medicines; I ond os blinir chwi gan I groen afiach, ysfa, pim- pies, toriad allan, scurvy, ,u doluriau, penddyrrod.&c., yn tarddu o waed drwg acammhur,mynwch bote- laid o Sarzine Blood Mixture," gan y Drug- gist nesaf atoch, 1s. 1Jc. a 2s. 6c. y botel, neu gyda 3c. at y cludiad yn chwanegol, oddi wrth y Perchenog. HUGH DAVIES, Chemist, Machynlleth. I Symptoms ¡ | Wvl It may be taken for granted that there are times when you are not feeling 44up TO nJU to the mark." You do not quite understand what is the matter; you cannot MB mj precisely localise the trouble; you are uncertain as to its significance; but you Vf ■Ml are painfully conscious that something N E9 which should not be there | UUh is upsetting your usual good health. Possibly your sight seems less keen than JZ Qy it should be, specks float before your eyes, there is some occasional giddiness, fn KMfl discomfort after eating, pains in the back, sick-headache, lassitude, depression RMS UJu of spirits. These are all symptoms that your digestive organs are out of order CJH PTvl and that the consequences are beginning to injuriously affect your nervous wH UUU system. If you are wise you will at once commence a course of BEEelAM 1 1 PILLS I IfflnR and thus prevent a serious illness or breakdown. Beechamys Pills ate a widely BLAB known, trustworthy remedy; and taken in time are able to nip disease in the Dy bud. They are an unfailing remedy for disorders of the stomach, liver and BMi kidneys, cleansing and giving tone to those organs and purifying the blood. Lily J4S Beecham's Pills are of incalculable value to many thousands all over the PJvi world, it is certain they will prove a boon to you as they pjog Will Right J the Wrong. | Sold everywhere In boxes, price lll\ {56 pills) & 2/9 (168 pills). Eni R 0 Will Right J the Wrong. | Sold everywhere In boxes, price 1/1 t (56 pills) & 2/9 (168 pills). Eni I

By moans of the second reason we allow the motive power—solar light—to act upon the machinery in the leaves (which liter- ally manufactures the new growth), and thus start and keep it in motion, its speed of manufacture depending upon the inten- sity of the light as well as the amount of heat, air, and food (or raw material) avail- able. By the third reason the pruner obtains the various forms of fruit trees in garden and orchard: Standard, Half-Standard, I Pyramidal, Bush, Espalier, Fan-shape, Cordon-double or single. The second reason given is the most essential. NKWLY PLANTED TREES: To PRUNE OR NOT TO PRUNE ? This question is at once important, in- teresting, and debatable, and the whole de- pends upon circumstances. In the first place, the writer strongly condemns pruning a tree as soon as it is planted, no matter how favourable the con- ditions may be. The tree received a severe check in being transplanted to prune it severely at the same time, or immediately after, would be to give it a. further severe check—a check from which many trees have never recovered. A newly planted tree should be allowed to remain untouched by the knife until the sap is in circulation and growth commenc- ing-as showed by the bursting buds low down the shoot or one-year-old branch then the tree or trees may be pruned. The writer never omits to prune planted fruit trees the same season he planted them, but he always waits until the trees are in the forward condition just mentioned, and he has also secured good growths during the first year of planting-this applies to all kinds of fruit trees, and extends to many thousands in number. When a grower is doubtful of the wisdom of pruning hlis fruit trees under the cir- cumstances mentioned above—either from insufficient knowledge of the art of prun- ing or owing to his soil being very stiff, wet, and cold, or for any other good reason —he will act wisely in deferring the opera- tion until the following Winter. HOW TO PRUNE. At the outset a difficulty presents itself with the question: "How much should be cut away and how much left?" The answer is-in the case of a young tree—cut down to a bud on a principal shoot, which I obviously will produce a better shoot than the one being pruned. A number of buds of this character. will be found about half- way, or three parts of the way, down the shoot the latter distance is better than the former in the case of a young tree which we desire to grow rather than to fruit. Of several buds suitable and avail- able, cut to a bud pointing outwards and upwards, or in the direction in which the new shoot be desired to grow. In making the cut, place the edge of the knife behind and just above-not more than an eighth of an inch-the bud, and pull the knife through it in an almost horizontal position this will produce a cut with a slight slant, which will be covered with new wood dur- ing the first season, instead of leaving a long slant which is never healed or cov- I ered, and which is likely to injure the hand in subsequent years, as well as appear un- slightly and unworkmanlike. Branches too close to each other should I be cut entirely away, not leaving a piece or snag." How is the learner to know when they are too close together or too wide apart ? Broadly speaking, the branches of a young apple, pear, or plum tree should be at about 15 inches from each other all around the tree if they are nearer than 12 inches, one should be entirely removed —unless the next space be more than 15 inches, when one of those too close should be pulled and tied into the vacant space to fill up the gap. Small shoots (side shoots) should be pruned to about two buds to form fruit- spurs in due' time. YOUNG TREES. Young trees should be boldly, yet care- fully, pruned during the first three or four

I should be taken from the nest as soon as dry, when it is warm, or the hen might squash them. It is not necessary that a hen should run with them if you have a little place for them. They do not need hovering more than a few nights. It is important that they should roost on a floor and not on the ground when young. on a floor and not on the ground when young.

mares, they have made a raid upon the best breeding sires suitable for remount pur- poses. Meantime, foreign Governments are buy- ing up all our best horses. During the past two or three years 9,000 horses were exported to the Continent-the best the country could produce.

years after planting, in order to produce a good and correct frame-work upon which the mature tree will be built. Pruning in such cases becomes a simple and easy mat- ter in later years, when it consists chiefly in pruning the side shoots to form spurs in the case of trained trees, shortening the leading shoot of each branch to the desired length, and, perhaps, removing a secondary branch which happens to over-crowd a bet- ter-placed or more important branch. Red currants should have the main branches about 12 inches apart and eight to ten in number the side shoots ought to be cut to within half an inch of the base of the young wood. White currants should be pruned the same as red currants. Black currants should be encouraged to produce a large number of young shoots each year, and in winter these should be reduced by pruning, so that they remain six or seven inches apart all over the bush. When the young growths are very few in number and more than nine inches apart, they should be cut back about half their length, in order that they may produce a larger number of young shoots, and these will produce fruit, because they have not been cut to form spurs as in the case of I red and white currants.

The feeding should receive careful at- tention. Never feed anything the first twenty-four hours, then commence by giving them new milk. After feeding milk a day, add moistened breadcrumbs, and soft cheese mixed with sand sand is also kept on the floor of their houses and runs. Let them out of the house the third day and commence giving them water, and add corn meal, bran, and a very little beef scrap to their feed, and feed in this way two weeks. Always give ducks a wet feed, and never feed corn meal alone, as it will kill them. After they are two weeks old, give them plenty of green food, such as cabbage and lettuce. It is a good idea to sow a small patch of rape for them.' This bulky food rushes their growth and reduces the feed bill. Plenty of fresh water must be provided for them, but they must not get very wet when young later on it will not hurt them. It is not necessary to have a stream of water to raise ducks for if you allow young ducks to wash and swim as much as they want to, you will lose them.

Feed five times a day for the first two weeks until the fifth week four times, and from then three times each day. Give coarse meal, adding more bran and beef scraps, never forgetting water and plenty of green food. Continue this system of feeding and management, and you will raise 95 per cent. of your ducklings.