The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

WEBBS' SEED CATALOGUE. We have received the above from Messrs Webb and Sons, of Stourbridge, and as a catalogue it maintains its high reputation, and has been classified in an excellent manner. The compilers have issued the following introductory note:— In presenting our annual catalogue of farm seeds and manure, we have the gra- tification of announcing that his Majesty the King honoured us with a personal in- spection of our stand at the London Cat- tle Show on December 6th, 1909. It is also interesting to note that the 100 guinea chal- lenge cup, presented by us at the Birm- ingham Fat Stock Show, 1909, for the best animal bred by the exhibitor in the cattle classes, was won by his Majesty with his Devon steer "Favourite." We regret to record that the season of 1909 was one of the worst on record for the growth and harvesting of seeds, and consequently some kinds will be scarce. Nevertheless, our position as the largest seed growers in the kingdom enables us to offer the finest 1 seeds that the harvest has produced, and customers may rely, as hitherto, upon our maintaining the high quality of our stocks and supplying them on the most favourable terms. It is gratifying to us to chronicle our wonderful success at the leading shows during the past season, and whilst we have more than held our own against all competitors, we secured the following un- paralleled success in 1909:—Great Brewers' Exhibition, London the World's Cham- pion Prize and Gold Medal to Webbs' Kin- ver Chevalier Barley, 246 entries, for the tenth year the Champion Prize and Gold Medal, won by hops grown with Webbs' special hop manure, 120 entries, open to the kingdom, and also highest honours to the produce of Webbs' root seeds in open competition throughout the kingdom.

will not cure everything. F But for 80 years it has had unrivalled I success as a remedy for Coughs & Colds, Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, and Weakness of Lungs, It's healing efficacy in Consumption has been abundantly proved by hundreds of testimonies published in recent years. CONGREVE'S BALSAMIC ELIXIR for Diseases of the Lungs is sole by aii Chemists at iji%, &/9, 4/6 and u/- per bottle. •Mr.Congreve's well-known book on Consumption and other Diseases of the Luns will be sen: ro-t free for Sixpence, on appiicai ion to Coombe Lod;re. Peckham, London, S. L. )

LAMBING SHELTERS. Mr Pately Bridge contributes an excellent article on the above in Farm and Home.' He commences with a quotation from a cor- respondent signing himself Oxford "—" I should be glad to know if it is worth while erecting permanent shelter for lambing, and what are the advantages and dis advan- tages ?" It may be taken from this that Oxford has decided for himself that some form of shelter is desirable, but it may be well to point out that there are some whe have doubts about the advantages of em- ploying any form of erection or building— whether temporary or permanent—for ewes to lamb in, holding that sheep do best in the open, and that there is less risk of the oc- currence of diseases associated with par- turition. Much, however, depends on the situation, and also on the breed of sheep. The late Mr Charles Marshall used to say that a Blackfaced ewe will find sufficient shelter behind a winnle-straw,' and that the best shelter for a lamb is a ewe's full udder," and our friend, M. was to an extent right, for certainly, whatever the

ARTIFICIAL REARING OF POULTRY. The question as to whether artificial or natural rearing is to be adopted must de- pend on the number of chickens to be han- dled during the season. It is usually found that when only a few broods of chickens are brought out annually the natural system caix be followed with less trouble, as well as with greater economy, but when a larger number is reared resort must be had to brooders. There is no doubt that more at-

good health WILL be yours 'f:l::£dlI7Zv if your blood is right. To be "right" it must be so strong that it g repels disease, fights off coughs and colds, kills influenza and other I g germs, nourishes the nerve centres and keeps body and brain in the glow of perfect health. Hall's Wine makes t-his health- 1 giving blood. Ask your doctor. Prove it for yourself. Be WELL! which led to influenza Hall's Wine is sold nj I derived great benefit by wine merchants im« from Hall's Wine. I ■ and everywhere and by llllfib H Li always persuade all aBI* I I grocers and chem- J.' \*J W u Bj my acquaintances to | m ists with wine !j/y sC H give it a trial when licenses, or direct 1.. M H suffering from colds, from 224 • Hall's w B coughs, etc." P*-r DOttle. Wine, Malmesbury jr U I ffollS Win^'W XL"1 eciJpseI YlS N. SUITE I M&flt Platte. Bevelled edge I NIT for 15 months. L-J s N T D w-X:tiA,M,CtALSTER 07 U ER I m Y. r, AR

Lord Rosebery on Party. Lord Rosebery presided on Tuesday evening in London at a dinner given to Mr Harold Cox by the British Constitution Association. In proposing the health of the guest, Lord Rosebery took the opportunity, after some graceful personal allusions, to make a series of pungent criticisms of the whole party system. He began by describing the gathering as one called to do honour to the sacred name which is often talked about but seldom really worshipped, the name of Liberty." The two-party. system, he went on, is easily expanded to four or five at need. He urged that the party system is beco.ming increasingly harsh and intolerant-that in practice it results in the crushing out of independence. Lord Rosebery thinks that the party system has already crushed all independence out of the House of Com- mons. By an abrupt transition which almost took away the breath of some who listened, he turned to claim for the House of Lords this tolerance for diverse views. It is the only place known to Lord Rosebery where it is possible to utter with 1, perfect freedom and acceptance unpalatable truths." This, then, was a new reason for preserving the Second Chamber—that it is the last refuge for liberty of thought. Lord Rosebery lightly derided those who approach party in the spirit of the devotee and listen to its dictates as if they were divine. What party does, he said, is to pool the conscience of its individuals. Coming to the case of Mr Cox as an illustration of this theory, he told us that the man who refuses to pool his conscience becomes anaihema, and is ex- pelled like a bit of grit that hinders the oily working of the machine. In another image he said that the party system is a molocb to which wa sacrifice such man as Mr Lambton, Lord Robert Cecil, and Mr Cox. A little latter on Lord Rosebery was giving a fresh reason for the rejection of Mr Cox from the party machinery-namely, that his criticisms of the Budget were unanswerable. For this reason he wore the martyr's crown. With this Lord Rosebery came to the real matter of his speech—the adumbration of a third party of moderate men independent of and superior to the his speech—the adumbration of a third party of moderate men independent of and superior to the others. It is of the creation of this party that Lord Rosebery thinks in what he called his audacious moments of solitude. He wants one gathered to organise for election purposes the silent vote," of which he told us the party politicians are so much afraid. It is the moderate man who cries A plague on both your Houses," who is to save us from Lord Rosebery's twin terrors of bureaucracy and Socialism. He if also to preserve the country from the threatened mending or ending of tho House of Lords, although a few sentences further on Lord Rosebery seemed con- fident that in any case an appeal to the country on the Lords issue would prove the existence of a strong national desire for a strong Second Chamber. The Free Trade issue, he further suggested, should be lifted out of party discussion and referred to a Royal Commission—a course which would at least, he said, give us a moment of truce from the assertions of both parties." And with this Lord Rosebery sat down. Rumour had it before the dinner that he was going to launch a third party of his own, but the speech did not quite amount to that.

MACHYNLLETH. EARLY LAMB.—Lambs are to be seen frisking in a field within the borders of the town, and signs of spring verdure are in evidence round about. P.S.E. CONCERTS.—Another of these con- certs was held at the Town Hall on Sat- urday night week, when a capital pro- gramme was rendered. Machynlleth Coons took the second part of the programme, and acquitted themselves creditably. Mr Thomas Jones, postmaster, was in the chair, and kept the large audience in good humour, and a hearty vote of thanks was accorded him at the close. Miss Frances Lewis ably acted as accompanist..

HAVE YOU A BAD LEG With wounds that discharge or otherwise, perhaps surrounded with inflammation and swollen, that when you press your finger, on the inflamed part it leaves the impres- sion ? If so, under the skin you have poison that defies all the remedies you have tried, which, if not extracted, you never can recover, but go on suffering till death re- leases you. Perhaps your knees are swol- len, the joints being ulcerated; the same with the ankles, round which the skin may be discoloured, or there may be wounds; the disease, if allowed to continue, will deprive you of tht power to walk. You may have attended various hospitals and had medical advice, and been told your case is hopeless, or advised to submit to amputa- tion; but do not, for I CAN CURE YOU. I DON'T SAY PERHAPS BUT I WILL. Because others have failed is no reason 1 should. Send at once a P.O. for 2s. 6d. to L. N. ALBERT, 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, and you will receive a box of GRASSHOPPER OINTMENT and Pills, which is a sure remedy for the cure of Bad Legs, Housemaid's Knee, Ul- cerated Joints, Carbuncles, Poisoned Hands, Tumours, Abscesses, Sore Throat, Bron- chitis. Bunions, and Ringworm. (Copyright) ^CROEN IACH AGWAED V "Sarzlne VBlood VMix- ture" yn ei sicrhau, a dim t arall. Nid yw yn honi Yankee Patent Medicines; f ond os blinir chwi gan t groen afiach, ysfa, pim- JW> i ples toriad allan, scurvy, dolut-iau, penddynOd,&c., yn tarddu o waed drwg wR' acammhur.mynwch bote- WE- v- JSK/ laid o Sarzine Blood ^jEms W gist nesaf atoch, Is. He. t a 2s. 6c. y botei, neu gycia 3c. at y cludiad N yn chwanegol, oddi wrth y Perchenog. X HUGH DAVIES, Chemist, Machynlleth. 8 M. 04

CAERSWS BREWSTER SESSIONS. These sessions were held on Monday, before Messrs Edward Jones (in the chair), Evan Jones, and Joseph Davies. Supt. W. R. Williams presented his re- port on the licensed houses. Six licenses were granted at the last licensing sessions -five full and one beer license. The con- duct of the houses had been satisfactory. ,¡ As regards offences against public order, one case of drunk and disorderly was brought before the justices. The Deputy added that that division had had fewer cases of drunks before the justices than any other in the county. The justices considered the report satis- factory, but were sorry to see that there was one more case of drunkenness this year than the previous year. Edmund Phillips, Carnedd, Llandinam, was charged by P.C. Hamer with keeping a carriage without a license. This case was adjourned from the last sessions. The Clerk read the evidence previously given, after which defendant called Mr Wilson, postmaster of Caersws. He said he kept no record of the licenses drawn out by the licensees. They were sent weekly to Mr George D. Harrison, Welshpool. He had a recollection of Mr Phillips ap- plying for a license for his trap at the be- ginning of last year. He remembered the form of declaration being brought to the post office. Defendant asked him whether he was to keep a portion of the form, to which witness said he had to send them to the Clerk. Defendant said he had applied to Mr Harrison for a counterfoil of the license for his trap, and he had received in reply a letter (produced in court) saying he would not proceed further in the matter. D.C.C. Williams stated that he had pro- ceeded against Mr William Davies, of the Checkers Inn. Newtown, at Newtown Ses- sions on Friday. Mr Davies had written to Mr Harrison, and had received in reply a counterfoil of the license. He had ac- cordingly applied for the withdrawal of the summons. The Bench, owing to the letter from Mr Harrison, dismissed the case.

Amateur Soccer Internationals. LLANIDLOES PLAYER CHOSEN. For the amateur International match with England at Huddersfield, on Satur- day last, the Welsh Council selected the following team:—N. Goodwin (Druids) Jeffry Jones (Llandrindod), captain E. P. Evans (Towyn) R. Davies (Stafford Rangers) Pryce Hamer (Llanidloes) Glyn Jones (Wrexham) S. Jones (Druids) Caradoc Evans (Exeter City); A. Dargie (Bangor) H. Jones (Towyn); and J. N. Love (Chirk).

CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS ANNOUNCEMENTS. V EXCURSIONS to LONDON DRURY LANE THEATRE, Grand Pantomime, ALADDIN." SHIRE HORSE SHOW, ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL, February 22nd to 25th. On Tuesday, February 22 nd, | Wednesday, February 23rd, For 2, 3, or 5 days. I For 2, 4, or 6 days. EXCURSION TICKETS TO LONDON. SATURDAY TO MONDAY CHEAP TICKETS. EVERY SATURDAY UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE CHEAP RETURN TICKETS, AT A SINGLE FARE AND A QUARTER for the Doable Journey will be Issued TO LONDON. At all Stations on the Cambrian Railways. Available by any Ordinary Train Outward on Saturdays. Return following Sunday or Monday. PANTOMIMES. Prince's Theatre, Manchester Our Miss Gibbs" Theatre Royal, Manchester "icinderella" Gaiety Theatre, Manchester (Afternoon at 2) "glittle Hans Andprson „ „ (Evening at 7-30) Much Ado about Nothing" Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool. Little Red Riding Hood" Shakespeare Theatre, Liverpool U Dick Whittington" Theatre Royal, Birmingham Jack and the Beanstalk Prince ot Wales Theatre, Birmingham "The Babes in the Wood" Alexandra Theatre, Birmingham "Aladdin" LEAGUE FOOTBALL MATCHES. Saturday, February 26th. AT LIVERPOOL. ¡ LIVERPOOL v. BRADFORD CITY. AT MANCHESTER. MANCHESTER CITY v. STOCKPORT COUNTY. AT BIRMINGHAM. ASTON VILLA T. MANCHESTER UNITED. ( CHEAP EXCURSIONS TO LIVERPOOL & MANCHESTER EVERY MONDAY, THURSDAY, AND SATURDAY; AND TO BIRMINGHAM EVERY THURSDAY AND SATURDAY, Until Further Notice. LIST OF LODGINGS. A NEW AND REVISED EDITION of the List of Hotels and Inns, Farmhouse and CX. Country Lodgings in the District served by the Cambrian Railways, will be issued for the Coming Season. A Fee of One Shilling will be charged for the insertion of any name and address. Names and addresses of Farmers, Hotel Proprietor, and Lodging House Keepers having accommodation to offer should be sent to any of the Company's Station Masters, or to the under- signed, accompanied by a remittance, not later than March 1st next. The Company reserve the right of accepting or rejecting any applications. Oewestry, 1910. General Manager's Office. +T1\W,& .At. po- 1ft' ■Mil I11 p 11 fni TO SUFFERERS FROM mimmmmsm I SKIN AND BLOOD DISEASES.* ■ The specialists will tell you that all such com- by thoroughly purifying the blood. Forcleansing- ■ plaintsas Eczema, Scrofula, Scurvy, the blood of all impurities, from whatever cause I a ■ plaintsas Eczema, Scrofula, Scurvy, the blood of all impurities, from whatever cause I Bad Legs, UScers, Abscesses, arising-, there is no other medicine just as g-ood ■ Tumours, Glandular Swellings, as "Clarke's Blood Mixture," that's why in D Boils, Pimples, Sores and Erup< thousands «f cases it has effected truly remark- B tions of all kinds, Blood able cures where all other treatments have failed. Hk Poison, Rheumatism, Gout, etc., Start taking Clarke's Blood Mixture to-day, and are entirely due to a diseased state of the you will soon have the same experience. blood, and can only be permanently cured The Editor of the Family Doctor," London's Popular Medical Weekly, writes:—"We have ( llaw J seen hosts of letters bearing: testimony to the 1 f ■ BB r «T truly wonderful cures effected by Clarke's Blood I f I Q A Mixture. It is the finest Blood Purifier that Science and Medical Skiit have brought to light, and we can with the utmost confidencerecommend Mk ■ it to our subscribers and the public generally." H B ft W —— mi——I "Clarkes Blond Mixture Stores, 2/9 per bottle, 9 u entirely free from any and in cases contain- ■ poison or metallic ing six times the I I f prestation, does not quantity 11/ or post I Ik i ■ ■ ■ H MM contain any injurious free on receipt of price B 1II ■ Wi «| ■ P S WJ" ingredient, and is a direct from the Pro- 9 Till (IF good, safe, and useful prictors, the Lincoln H medicine.Hcalth. and Midland Counties I Mfc Of all Chemists and &rug Co., Lincoln. H Jfas Cured Thousands, REFUSE SUB5TBTUTES. 9 WILL CURE YOU. ,A>< #7 We wlllon receipt of t o tamps for- ward you by post a Sample of Gautier s Famous Pills /6>nw which are without doubt the most In' I certain remedy ever discovered for fly 1 all female lrreg;ui,iriU.-s. They are A/ I ssrfe and sure. Special Boxes 2/3 4 4/6. J|I LI Don t delay. Send at once TO OUR -M. & ONLY ADDRESS BALDWIN & CO., Herbalists, Botanic <gr Drug Stores lleotric Parade HoUowa Londoll. MONEY. Dear Sir or Madam,— Are you requiring a prompt and private Cash Advance? If so, you cannot do better than write for my terms, free of charge. I lend Xio and upwards at lowest interest and repay- ments, upon Note of Hand, or upon Policies, Deeds, &0. You can rply upon straight dealings and strict privacy.—Write at once (in strict confidence) to F. W. HUGHES, 63, Kingswood Road, Moseley, Birmingham. (43) ONE BOX OF CLARKE'S B4I PILLS is warranted to cure, in either sex, all acquired or constitutional Discharges from the Urinary Organs, Gravel, and Pains in the back. Free from Mercury. Established upwards of 50 years. In boxes 4s. 6d. each, of all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors throughout the World, or sent for sixty stamps by the makers, The Lincoln and Midland Counties Drug Company, Lincoln. RATCATCHER STORY. AFTEK USING KODINE RAT POISON a Ratcatcher got 275 DEAD RATS. Rats cannot resist Rodine. It kills instantly, is safe. sure and speedy. No failure, no trouble, no mess, TRY IT. Prices6d., is., 2s., 3a., and 5s. Post 2d.-HARLEY, Chemist, Perth. AGENTS A. BBBBZE, chemist, Newtown; H. E. ELLIS, chemist, Llanfair; H; PAYNE, chemist, Welshpool; H. DAVIES, Machynlleth.

To MOTHERS.—Mrs Winslow's Soothing Syrup has been used over fifty years by millions of mothers for their children while teething, with perfect success. It will re- lieve the poor sufferer immediately. It is pleasant to taste; it produces natural, quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and the little cherub awakes as bright as a button." Of all chemists, Is. lid. per bottle.

A penny packet of "Paisley Flour" the sure raising powd;r will raise 1 lb. of Flour. Instead of using cake mixtures or bun flours, give home baking with Paisley Flour," a trial to-day. You are sure of three things—freshness— digestibility-(" Paisley Flour cakes are always light)—and less cost. The method of using Paisley Flour is simplicity itself. Mix dry i part to 8 parts of ordinary flour before adding the other ingredients. No other raising agent required. "Paisley Flour" is sold in jd., 31d., and id. packets everywhere.

Hi Dmas Illustrated GUIDE W Hill for Amateur Gardeners.contains I I 160 large 4ioppzzo beautiful I By ill if lustrations,also complete I II I Price lists ofaJ]descrip[ions of | til! vegetable AfiowepSttdsRosfa I III fruit Trees. Shpubs; Plants etc. I |jf J D B OSII" wzc,

THE PEERS OR THE PEOPLE ? It matters not whether you appeal to the peers or the people-either will tell you that in cake and j pastry making the best results are obtained by using Borwick's Baking Powder.

Llanfair Joins Newtown. Llanfair joir.s us in Newtown in the unqualified good opinions which are continually being ex- pressed by our townspeople in the columns of the local press. Mrs E. Edwards, whose address is Rose Cottage, Llanfair, near Welshpool, says I have to thank Doan's backache kidney pills for being restored to health. For three years I have been subject to severe pains in my back and head; they were a source of continual anxiety to me. as they prevented me from attending to my work. I also suffered with a general feeling of depression and lassitude, and my work became a burden to me. I could only move about with difficulty, and was often sick and retching, sometimes for days together. Many remedies I tried did not seem to do me any good, except Doan's backacke kidney pills. I soon found myself getting better when I started using these pills; the headaches were less fre- quent, and the pqins in my back were going. I was able to gtt about again with ease and com- fort. I am glad to give this testimony, for I feel that I have received real and lasting benefit from Doan's backache kidney pills. (Signed) Elizabeth Edwards." Doan's backache kidney pills are two shillings and ninepence per box, or six boxes for thirteen shillings and ninepence. Of all chemists and stores, or post free direct from the Foster-Mc- Clellan Co., 8, Wells-street, Cxford-street, London, W. Be sure you get the same kind of pills as Mrs Edwards had.

STUBBORN CHOKING COUGH AND NASAL CATARRH. Famous Girl Preacher Cured by VRNO'S LIGHTNING COUGH CURE. Mrs Storr, the well-known Evangelist, and mother of Frances and Rose Bradley Storr, the famous girl preachers, writing from 48, Abboot Street, Doncaster, saye:—"I cannot thank you enough for what Veno's Lightning Cough Cur^ has done for my two gicls. They were never free from a stubborn choking cough and nasal catarrh, the stuffed up feeling in the head and nose, diffi- cult breathing and the accumulation of phlegm being acute. Frances had her tonsils cut, but the cough got chrouic, and I was frightened of her going into a consumption. I tried everything, but nothing did any good until I tried Veno's Light- ning Cough Cure, which effected a wondeful change at once. I gave her the first dose one afternoon, and it immediately brought up ttie phlegm, eased the breathing, and stopped the cough, and the same evening she preached to a crowded congregation. Truly, Veno's Lightning Cough Cure has effected a wonderful cure I am sending this testimonial 11 voluntary solely for the benefit of other sufferers." Veno's Lightning Cough Cure is a safe and cer- tain remedy for all diseases of the chest, throat and lungs. Price 9id, 1/ I i and 2/9 of all chemists.

Welshpool County School. IS ENLARGEMENT NEEDED? At a meeting of the Welshpool County School Governors on Friday afternoon, a letter was received from the Board of Education asking for a copy of any correspondence between the Managers and the Cen- tral Welsh Boa.rd on the subject of providing addi- tional accommodation at the school. The Clark (Mr C. P. Winnall) reported that he had sent a letter, which was approved by the Chairman, stating that the only correspondence was a letter which they had addressed to the chief inspector asking the nature and extent of the additional accom- modation he considered should be provided. The Managers, the letter added, were considering the question of extending the school, but, having regard to the fact that a new secondary school for boys was about to be established in Oswestry, they did not think it wise to embark upon a scheme without due consideration. The number in the girls' school had been considerably affected by a new secondary girls' school at Oswestry. A very large percentage of their boys now came from Oswestry or the immediate district. The Chairman (Mr W. Forrester Addie) said despite these considerations the question still arose whether they would not be compelled, or whether it would not be an advantage voluntarily to build ad- ditional rooms. IR view of their getting a new teacher for agriculture and o| better organisation in the school he thought they would have to go in for an additional room. additional room. Mrs Humphreys-Owen said she thought they should go in for two rooms, as Miss Bingham desired a room with better light for botany. The Vicar of Welshpool (Dr Grimaldi Davis) Where is the money to come from The Chairman We have the money. The Vicar: Then we have got over the greatest difficulty (laufhter). It was agreed, on the motion of the Vicar, seconded by Mr J. H. Davies, that the Chairman should confer with Mr Shayler, the architect of the school, as to plaas, and carry out the arrangements.

Wounds that Cause Blood Poisoning. When cuts, burns, scalds, wounds, boils, pimples, whitlows, and such troubles arise, they should immediately be treated with Marabaz," the wonderful prepara- tion prepared from a recipe held in the possession of a well-known private family for over 75 years. Marabaz," the marvellous noultice ointment, heals all wounds and troubles such as the above, and prevents the spread of blood-poisoning. It will draw poisonous matter from a wound, and leave the flesh perfectly healthy, with the skin quite healed. Write for free sample of Marabaz" (in plasters ready for application), together with booklet. Marabaz is obtainable of all Chemists, in tin boxes, Ifn and 2/9, or direct from 2 the Marabaz Company, Redditch.

breed, very little shelter is needed if the lamb is strong when born and the ewe has plenty of milk. Al the same, a bit of shelter at birth has saved the life of many a lamb, and a handy lambing pen saves the shep- herd a great deal of labour and trouble. Where the lambing is carried on in the open, and the surroundings are wild, the ewe often exhibits a peculiar aptitude for select- ing for her lying-in place the most exposed J and dangerous spot the situation affords, and the shepherd under these circumstances has to be constantly on the alert to keep ewes from getting to lamb alone indeed, much of his anxiety at the time when the ewes are dropping their lambs thickly is to keep them together, when there is a natur- ally instinctive desire for solitude. WET LAMBING SEASONS. It is not always in the winter, the se- verity of which is measured by its degrees I of frost or inches of snow, that the flock- master feels most keenly the need of shelter. An intensely hard frost may be more than a newly-born lamb can survive, but clear frosts, as we know them in this country, I seldom tax the hardiness of ewes and lambs i to the extent that high winds, with rain and sleet, do, or cause the inconvenience to the shepherd. A wet skin and a sodden resting place are naturally abhorrent to the sheep, and it is in boisterous wet seasons, the bit- terly cold, wet weather which often prevails about the time when lambing is in progress, i that the need for artificial shelter specially manifests itself. There is very little doubt that, except under exceptionally favourable circumstances, some form of shelter is ad- visable, and then comes the question, shall it be permanent or temporary ? and, as "Oxford" puts it, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each ? PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY SHELTER ? Even among those who are in complete agreement as to the desirability of providing shelter for lambing ewes, opinions differ as to whether it should be permanent or tem- poraay. The permanent lambing pen is, of

tention is required by the latter method, but this is not so great as might be imagined, for the reason that a larger brood are kept together, since whereas a hen can only look after from a dozen to fifteen, the most satisfactory number for brooder use is fifty to sixty. There are two essentials for successful artificial rearing, namely, a re- quisite temperature and employment for the chickens. If care is taken to supply these essential factors, the difficulty of breeding chickens is very largely overcome. Two types of brooders are on the market at the present time, and as they are con- structed on different principles, and as they both possess distinct advantages, a descrip- tion of their special individual features will be of service. The hot chamber can either be heated by hot air or by radiated heat, this being derived from a tank of hot water. The most common form of machine in which the heat is maintained directly from the lamp is the one where the lamp is placed in the chamber itself, and of this kind there are three or four reliable makes on the market. They possess two advantages, since a high tempera.ture can be obtained by this method, even in the coldest weather, and, moreover, they are cheap in price. On the other hand, however, the disadvantage is that should the temperature be incorrect, or if the lamp smokes, the sleeping section has to be opened thus cooling it rapidly, and, in bad weather, perhaps causes harm to the inmates. The other form of hot air brooder is that in which the ingoing air is heated before passing into the interior of the brood- er.. This type possess the same advantage as the form described above, in that a high temperature can be obtained when neces- sary. Although rather more expensive, it has two very good features-the lamp can be attended to without opening the brooder itself, and the temperature can be regulated apart from raising or lowering the lamp. The regulation is carried out by a very sim- ple device. The ingoing air, after being heated, passes under a cover in the centre of the sleeping department by the reten- tion of this hot air the temperature is raised by allowing it to escape, by means of holes in the top, the temperature can be lowered. Anyone who has had much ex- perience with oil lamps will realise the diffi- culty of raising or lowering the flame to the correct extent. The effect of altering the height of the wick is not apparent at once, and therefore the final temperature cannot be regulated. If the wick is turned up, it may appear all right at the time, but as the increased heat continues the oil becomes more volatile and the flame grows larger, to smoke perhaps half an hour later. On the other hand, the reverse is the case, a low- ered wisk decreases the heat, and ultimately the flame becomes lower. HOT WATER MACHINES. The hot water machines are made in two forms, namely, individuals brooders fitted with a water tank in the roof of the sleep- ing chamber, and as sectional brooders in which the heat is derived from hot water pipis running along the top of each com- partment. Although successful, even in

America the sectional pipe brooders are giv- ing way to the individual type, for the reason that the heat can be more easily regulated in the latter form. An objection to outdoor water brooders is that it is some- what difficult in cold weather to maintain a sufficient degree of heat, but with care this can be overcome if the lamp is work- ing well. The main advantage possessed by this type is that the heat, being derived from a body of hot water, sudden changes in the external atmosphere do not have the same influence as is the case with hot air machines. This is an important point in this country, for our weather is mostly com- posed of changes from hot to cold. and to hot again. In selecting a brooder, preference should be given to one that has three chambers, especially if winter rearing is to be fol- lowed, since they are easier to work. Where only two seperate rooms are pro- vided, it is very important to maintain an even temperature in the inner compartment, and this entails labour. It is found that for the first ten days a temperature of 90 deg. F. gives the best results, and this should be lowered five degrees each week, until the youngsters can do without artificial heat. The question of heat regulation is more easily answered with those machines that have three chambers. In this case during cold weather the hottest section should register from 100 deg, F. to 110 deg. F., and even if five degrees higher it would not do the inmates any harm. If the chickens are allowed to run out into the open in cold or frosty weather, they find it necessary to re- turn to the brooder every few minutes in order to get warmed. When the inner chamber is only moderately warm this operation takes time, but when a high tem- perature is maintained, a few minutes in the heat will suffice. The reason why this method cannot be followed in the other form of machine is that it is not desirable for the chickens to have to remain in such heat all night, as they would be forced to do. With reference to the second point men- tioned, namely, the necessity of employment for the chickens, the dry grain system of feeding is strongly advocated. Oat straw chaff on the floor of the brooder as litter, and dry chick feed scattered therein, will give ample opportunity for scratching, thus securing exercise. The chicken that works for his food is the healthy chicken, and the one that will grow rapidly and build a strong body.

course, a more solid structure, and some- what costly. It is generally completely rain- proof, and handier for the shepherd, since on a stormy night he can better get a diffi- cult case. attended to, or a weakly lamb nursed back to life, if the whole party-ewe, lamb, and shepherd-are completely under cover, but many hold that where permanent lambing sheds are employed there is a much greater danger of the occurrence and exten- sion of disease. This is the vital defect in the permanent lambing pen-a disadvantage that cannot be overlooked, and the reason why we unhesitatingly plump for the tem- porary erection. For the actual perform- ance of the act of parturition, a permanent erection does afford greater comfort to the sheep-at least we may reasonably suppose that it does-and greater convenience to the shepherd, while it may be made some use of for other purposes at other seasons, but experience goes to show that, after a year or two, disease often breaks out in such places, for the reason that, as the gamekeeper and the poultry farmer puts it, the ground gets "stenched." This is only another way of saying that infective material obtains a lodgment, and that septic diseases attack both ewes and lambs. Parturient fever or parturient septicaemia, the" inflammation" of the shepherd, the so-called "navel-ill" and "joint-ill," tetanus or "lock-jaw," in- fectious dysentery or "white scour," etc., are diseases often associated with permanent lambing structures that have been in use for some time, and when they become estab- lished they are difficult to eradicate.