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AGRICULTURAL LETTER.

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AGRICULTURAL LETTER. [BY A PRACTICAL FARMER.] The season still continues to maintain its abnormally dry character, and the harvest in the latest parts of the country has now been gathered in with fairly satisfactory results, both as to quantity and quality. Fortunately the season this year has suited the hill districts, and following two very bad years for hill farmers the dry season has been providentially favourable for a great part of the hilly districts of Wales. The pastures are very bare and there is a general scarcity of keep in the lower and what is considered the best agricultural portion of the county, but in all the higher and poorer districts there seems to be a fair bite of grass for stock. Consequently, the store stock from these districts is com- ing to market in very blooming condition. Prices, though, continue very low, and would probably have been still lower but for the fortunate circumstance that there is abundance of keep in Scotland and the North of England, and some of our leading cattle dealers having opened up a market with the graziers of the Carlisle district have been buying freely at the local fairs of Newtown and Llanfair, and sending several hundreds of young cattle north- wards for disposal to the Scotch feeders, where they will receive the finishing touch for the fat market. I have no doubt our north country friends will find them much better adapted for that purpose than the great rough raw-boned Canadians, of which they have, during recent years, purchased and fed off great nnmbers, and we hope once they have tried the Herefords and Welsh cattle they will continue to be cus- tomers for them in future years, and give up the risky practice of importing store cattle from Canada. I say risky because of the great danger of importing with the cattle various contagious diseases, such as pleuro-pneumonia and foot and mouth disease, to the great injury of all the breeders of stock in this country; and we fervently hope the Board of Agriculture will see it their duty to continue the restric- trictions now in force regulating the impor- tations of store cattle, and that they will not allow themselves to be persuaded by a small section of the Scottish feeders to open up our ports to the foreigners. If we must have foreign cattle let them be sent dead, or fat and ready for slaughter at the port of debarkation, but on no account should they be allowed to be spread all over the coun- try, infecting our home-bred herds with disease. The scarcity of keep in the great sheep grazing districts of England, and perhaps also the scarcity of money, is causing trade in store ewes and rams to move along in a very sluggish, dragging style, and tending to a low range of prices. Although it zn appears from the reports of some of the sales of pedigree Shropshire sheep, there have been some very high prices obtained. At the dispersal of the late Mr. Graham's flock at Yardley, one ram was sold for the unprecedented price oi 250 guineas, the whole lot of rams averaging of 37 guineas O O each. At the Ensdon House sale also (Mr. Bowen Jones's) a yearling ram reached the high price of 200 guineas, and was jointly purchased by Mr. Richard Thomas, Bas- church, and his son, Mr. Wm. Thomas, of Beam House, two tenant farmers. Judging by these results there is money to be got good- I$YM-Pslllves and for the greater part of this comity there is no breed of sheep that is better adapted to meet the wants of the rearer or the feeder, or the butcher, or the consumer than the Shrop- shire down. For the lower part of the county, and on the better land, the pure bred Shropshire is admirably suited, whilst for the higher districts the Shropshire ram is the best possible to use for crossing with the native hill ewes, and for imparting more scale, weight, early maturity and adaptabili- ty to fatten in the progeny resulting, from the cross. There is no sheep that pleases the butchers and consumers better. Curiously the sheep breeders of New Zealand take a different view of the ques- tion, resulting evidently from the greater importance they place on the production of wool. Sheep are evidently kept there more in the character of wool producers than that of mutton makers, and the sheep breeders of New Zealand have formed a table of points, shewing the merits of seven of the principal breeds of sheep. I give the following table, which will be interest- ting, as shewing the view they take over there on the subject, but I think if the breeders of Montgomeryshire were to draw up a table of points they would alter the figures considerably, adding to those under mutton and deducting from those under wool, then the Shropshire would come out very much better in comparison. I kc g Hardness jg » -S +j £ L 00 Breed «S or .9 £ Mutton. Fleecc. g ,.$Soundness 'S fe or T i a o cs FJ Sheep. _g I a5 2 -2 •■S .9 6, f3 o H r« "2 o b • "S 5 £ • 6-1 < ICon- I £ S 8 i3 £ ie 3 5 stitu- On g; o g • £ "5 3 "3 I tion. feed. t !f & v tiOll. feed. <C!j 0' CI w. tioii. feed. !f & v j 7 i 8 5 6 12 j 3 7 6 20 20 J 6 100 Lincoln j 6 4 3 4 11 j 2 5 6 20 18 5 84 Border Leicester.. J 7 6 I 4 5 12 2 6 4 17 19 6 88 English Leicester I 7 5 I 3 5 10 1 I 4 3 17 18 4 77 Homney Marsh. 5 7 I 5 6 I 11 2 I 5 4 17 14 5 81 Shropshire Downs 5 6 I 3 6 12 i 3 7 3 14 12 3 75 South Downs 6 5 3 5 12 j 3 7 2 12 11 2 68 Hampshire Downs 6 5 3 5 11 2 6 8 12 12 2 72 I I The extreme heat experienced during the month of August proved very trying to butchers and butter-makers. Many pieces of butcher's meat had to be destroyed; during that very hot week we hear that about 240 tons of meat had to be carted out of the London dead meat market, and butcher s in a smaller way of business all admit to having some go bad, in fact it could scarcely be prevented going bad for a week or two. The butter also was most difficult to manage, in some cases it was running through the baskets before reach- ing the market, and this after great diffi- culty and troublfe in churning and making up. The bareness of the pasture and conse- quent scarcity of milk has caused butter to get very dear for tha time of the year. On the other hand. it seems to have the contrary effect on beef and mutton which is rather tending to lower prices caused, no doubt, by the general desire on the part of the graziers to lessen their stocks on account of the disappearance of the grass and the small haystacks which they have to depend on for the coming winter. Of course, the quantity of foreign meat imported may have something to do also with the lowering of prices, as I see the number of foreign cattle landed this week is very high. As the summary of the agricultural returns recently issued shews a very great decrease in the country, we may, certainly, with reason expect that prices cannot permanently remain low, and that after the coming winter has been got through we may see a keen demand for all t1 classes of stock and correspondingly higher prices being paid for useful cattle. The grazing districts will require to be stocked again in the spring, and if the breeders can just manage to bring, their stock through till then they may confidently expect a good profit on the wintering of them.

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