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A CHAT WITH THE FARMERS -

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A CHAT WITH THE FARMERS Py Wnt."] THE HORSE MARKET. Horses like all army cannot be produced in a and the number requisite for i1 war of such magni- tude as that now -being waged is so enormous that there will probably be a great dearth of h. "P- flesh before it is over. The outbreak has shown how desirable it is that the hor&e breeding should be encouraged by all the mean., the Government can employ for unless this is done it will inevitably dwindle and the requirements of the army in time of need must fall short. The Government will perhaps recognise the necessity of offering a better price ior young horses suitable for army purposes, .0 that farmers and others may again think it worth while to breed foals. The prospects of the breeder will, however, be greatly improved, &o large have been the draught upon our stock, but there is the danger that in.the absence of the iifcf-sai-y animais many farmers may turn to mechanical traction, and once this is done it may not be easy to recover the mound. It is unfortunate that the covering season is passed, but those farmers who had their mares minted in good time will probabVy find a good market for their youngsters. A GOOD CROP OF LAMBS. The Soekmastcr's duty at this critical period of our history is to endeavour to get us large a crop of iambs as possible. It would, of course, be foolish to keep ewes for which lie cannot provide, but if no difficulty as to the food supply is likely, he may we 1 permit Ins calling to be less drastic than usual, giving the benefit of the doubt to any ewe that may produce a good lamb next spring We have often spoken of the value of severe culling and have no- thing to retract, but there arc exceptional times and exceptional measures are called for. In the Col d'Arbre* flock of Hampshire Downs some years ago the possibility of taking a crop of lambs from the ewe lambs of the year was demonstrated. The Hampshire Down is a 'breed of quick development, and the lambs shown were of good type, but the practice has never become common. It might, how- ever, be worth while trying this season, even though the plan savours too much of hurrying, to commend itself to the careful breeder for use in normal condi- tions. The flockmaster will need this year to bear in mind very particularly what a serious effect upon the lambing is exercised by the feeding during the prestation period. Each must cut his coat a-cording to his cloth, but it must not be forgotten that goo wholesome feeding with a fair amount of corn ill result in ewes that are in good condition at the lambing time, capable of providing strong lambs and of providing abundant milk for them. Excessive feeding with roots must -be in larded :i iist, and a litter cake or corn will make a vast difference. Lambs are likely to be worth good money" next spring, and though the theory is sometimes questioned, there are strong grounds for the belief that. flushing will result in a larger proportion of turns, provided that a period of semi- starvation does not succeed the extra feeding given around tupping time. FQOT-AND-MOLTH DISEASE. We 4vo another outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease to report— ~ns time in Lincolnshire. It adds to our worries, but fortunately the Board of Agri- culture is able to spare officers to deal with it vigor- ously so that there is no fear that it will be allowed to spread among our flocks and herds. Numerous cases have occurred in the neighbourhood, but the outbreak is now well in hand. RYE FOR FEEDING. Rve will provide a good bite for the flock in early spring and there is yet time to sow it provided there is no delay. It is the earliest of theceroals to ripen, and as a fodder .plant is of great value. Rye bread is not much fancied in this country, but it is largelv used on the continent, and is much better than one would imagine who judged merely by its ii | ipearance. THE USE OF ACORNS. There is every indication that the crop of acorns will be heavy this year, and in view of the high prices of feeding stuffs and the natural desire on the part of stockowners to keep on as large a head of stock as possible, there is some danger lest improper use he made of the fruit of the oak. In past years heavy losses have been incurred from careless feed- ing with acorns, and it should be recognised in time that they are very dangerous diet for cattle. The difficulty usually arises because the acorn crop is generally largest in a hot, dry summer, when pastures are dried up and the natural food is scarce. Then the animals cat eagerly of the acorns, and they are deprived of the corrective which would be supplied by the laxative grass. Great care should be taken not to turn out cattle in fields where oak trees grow unless these have first been gathered up. This will pay to do, and the children might earn a ■few acceptable shillings at the work. If they cannot h. gathered, then let the animals get a feed before j they are turned out, so that the consumption may not be greedy; but this is not altogether safe, though advisable as a precaution. The animal that can best deal with the acorns is the pig. and it will pay either to turn pigs out into the pasture or to gather up the seeds for their use later on. We should like to giv-e emphasis to this matter. Many farmers may think the danger little, because they have not hitherto suffered, but we have known many cases of heavy loss. and unfortunately even when a cure is effected the suffering animals are slow in "picking: up" condition, and the financial result is serious when the accounts are made up. A MINIMUM PRICE FOR WHEAT. The suggestion that has already been made in these column: that a minimum price should be offered by the Government for all wheat grown for next year's consumption is supported by many papers. The Field points out, as we have done, that the risk involved to the public funds is in- appreciable. and indeed that if there is any call at all upon them. England will have great cause for thankfulness, since it will mean that the price of this important article of food is low, to the great advan- tage of the nation. On the other hand it is certain that the fixing of a minimum which shall be guaran- teed to the grower will result in a large increase of the area under the crop. The Government seem disposed to hesitate, if indeed they are not antagon- istic but it is not easy to see what objection can be taken to the proposal, in view of the fact that they have urgently proclaimed the desirability of securing such nn increase. There is no neocs-sity for fixing a high price, but how many farmers would hesitate to grow wheat wherever it was possible if he were certain of having say 40s. per quarter for the crop? CROPS AND STOCK. A North Wales correspondent reports that the harvest in his district is one of the most bountiful ever recorded, and he refers not to corn alone, but to potatoes and roots also. It is. of course, very difficult to obtain accurate estimates of general vielrK for few observers are capable, or have the opportunity of examination so close as to qualify them to express an opinion, and we are too apt to judge of the whole from the appearance of a few fields. This is why early estimates are so frequently* falsified, but. the amended estimate of the Board of Agriculture is a very good guide, and this shows an estimated increase in wheat of 10 per cent., and a reduction in barley of 3.4 per cent., of oats of 6.4, and of potatoes of 5.0. These are as compared with last year, when the crops of barley and potatoes were. very large. The only crop under average is onts. It is Ratisfactorv that there is a general in- crease in all clas-se- of live st.ock. though the figures are not yet normal. One of the most gratifying items is the large increase of 2D per cent. in piz"- it shows that the confidence of the small man, who has been so hard hit by the swine fever difficulties and the unsatisfactory financial results of feeding is being re-established. THE DAIRY SHOW. So many shows have been abandoned owing to the war that it will be a relief to many farmers to find that the Dairy Show Vill take place as usual at the Agricultural Hall. The Dairy Show is not only one of tli(- most attractive, but one of the most useful of our agricultural exhibitions, and the hall is generally crowded during the October week in which it is held. There is a fair influx of Welsh visitors .and it is curious how large a portion of the milk supply business is in Welsh hands. The drapery and dairy business seem very attractive to Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire people who migrate to the Metro- polls, and the Welsh firms in Oxford Street are second to none in Branding. FOODSTUFFS. The Board of Agriculture write to say:-In conse- quence of the high prices of feeding stuffs during August some farmers, small holders, and poultry keepers were tempted to sell their stock prematurely. The Board of Agriculture and Fisheries have made careful inquiries and have ascertained that there is at the pre-sent time an abundant supply of most feeding-stuffs in the country, particularly of bran, sharps and other corn offals. Export is per- mitted only by licence and will be strictly limited, so tnat the supply available for home consumption will continue to be plentiful, and the Board are advised that for the tnewt part prices have fallen back to a normal level. Unless prices remain fair and moderate, export will be entirely prohibited. The stock of bran in particular is now reported to be large and me price low. so that farmers might with advantage use this valuable feeding stuff more exten- sively the Board propose to issue a leaflet on the subject in the course of the next few days and copies will be supplied free of charge on receipt of applica- tions (which need not be stamped) addressed to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 8. Whitehall Place. London, S.W.

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