The Western Mail

SACHILEUE AT COVENTIIY. Tl,r#-o separate acts of sacrilege have hPeo c',rr- Knitted at Coventry with;1I the l.iBt few dJp, In tirat ioatance lhe mission iry box in llm Mtcliaera Cburcii was broken "ven and I he cri-r wore atolen during the tcrnorary absence of '■ *■ verger,a Ld mtheothcra at tempt 6 were made 10 (, mit roVibcriea at the U'e«leya& Chapel, and n at St. Michael's, 'lhe tliieves ad'jptc-d the pi»c^ each caa vf Rcretioil themseivea during i'¡ service, and after tho JJhre a "'erG If,ckefj,Up f:1f oirjht tnade th" attempts. Fortunately, ail its b jxes ill th edifice* had Dee n emptied*

HISTORY OF THE PORT. Had the young naval lieutenant who is I credited with having summed up the manners and habits of the s/outh Sea liljnders for a missioaning visit with a lacouie, ilanner* none habits beaitlv," been asked t,) tlescniie the trade and commerce of Cardifl at the beginning of the present cen- tury. probably he would have been equally as terse aud replied Tradj none commerce less." And he would not have been very wide of the mark, for a9 n port Cardiff was but of slight imnortance. The vast mineral weshh of South WaltJa attracted attention at au early date, ironworks having been known at Merthyr as early as the sixteenth century, and works ¡ tnia description formerly stood near the old Cardiff Arms. But the prinoipal supplv of coal aud iron was brought down to CarditiE oa th? backs of mn)«. and afterwards bv Ltrc* ?.ou3 with rf?yt of borws, Iùd, II\8r -til? small .Ps and Ichoouer5. probably ¡¡vr ,x,-di-ug 100 ton. boTtt<a,cMM up the faff aBd ktjad or dLtohtrgad t?<Lr M?GM a' the ?o.wou ??7, ?bUe the Urut<U pMk? aud other vessels arrived at the port as regalarly as .wmd.tni. Mj th<; act of God" permitted. I ".OIllJLDb;o-stre"t, now one of the narrowest fmid, perhaps, onattS the least-used meetHD THE CARDIFF EXCHANGE, MOUXTSTUART-SQUARE. 11 t Cardiff, was oiw of the principal streets lead- jug to tho comiiiou ijuay and St..Mary- street. At the west end ot Quay-street there -was a &uiall sbip,ard, i 'lat the ii%,ei, htrl, was very ihaiknv, ending in kind ox creek, which txiendal nesrly up the Cow bridge-road. The east bauk of the Taff was open almost continuously from Qusy-street to noar where the Western Mail Luildiu gs now stand. Th. oommon quay was near the upper end, and Ulow It was the shipyard, which 60 years ago was occupied by a Mr. liooper aud 8tood cloie to where the eounty-r-oui t olVices Il" now, The. there was another open soace, another shipyard, a third being ou the site of Ut. lujtunda-bnildings, or the Great Western HaUway Approach. Mr. Hooper was a man of enterprise, and became noted for building » brig called th* Wellington, of i.'00 tons burthen." Such a large vessel bad never before been seen at Cardiff, and on the J:\y when she was launched hundreds of persons tramped down from the hills'to witness the cere- mony; there were great rejoicings that day, for it was looked upon as a red-letter day in the history of the town, A good trade was deln. in buildi",caiial barges, ut which there uaiatonetim* greatdemand. I. t the tio-late, the narrow lane near the (queen's Hotel aud between St. Mary-street and Westgati-itreet, the river deepened rapidly, and vessels could leave there au hour later than at the common quay, a couple of hundred yarJ. further up, aud vessels frequently !iujsl1"d tbeir loading acd the Bristol packets took their pas- sengers on board her, lhe birth of had taken place in 1790, when the Olamorgauahiro Canal was opened, the construction of which involved an outlay of ;L-,O,Vuu. the t-litil of which Was provided bv the late llr, C'rawshay. Ice pur- pose for which this canal was coiistructed' was to bring down iron from t he Cyfanhta aud other works in the neighbourhood, and it was de- signed to supplant the tedious horse transport. 'I his caaal soon changed the character of the local coal trade, and coai was sent from Cardiff to the places 1\ hence formerly it had been re- ceived. lu lilO 00,000 tons of iron were shipped 011 tlw canal for London, Liverpool, and irelaud, besides a few French ports I'O.OOO boxes uf tin were shipped the same year, while the shipliieut.* of coal ouly reached 30,000 tons, which was sent chiedv to porta on the other aide of the Bristol Channel, and a few cargoes found their way to France. In IS 15 the shipments of c,).1 had reached 20,00) Urns for that year; m 1620 it was 71,000 tons, aud in 1:!5It reached tons. Trade, however, was ucabin'd, cribb'd, and confined," and thus it might have continued but for tho pluck [ and prescience of the then Lord LIute. lie was a man whom nothing escaprd his mind could descend to the minutest detail, and to I hIm, at least, It he{allle e\'id"'l that th" means of transport and the facilities for carrying 011 a large maritime trade at Cardiff were wholly inadequate, many 01 the vessels having to iinish their loading in the rUer. as the \Vat..r in the canal did not permit of \gel. drawing more thau Iof water to leave darin;; !)ap t;de, If the gro-ving trade of Cilamorganshire was to be fostered and encouraged something "hoold be done, and Lord Bute determined to do it. It has oftei been a \lbi"d of wonder," lays that invaluable work, "Tu.' Cardi!! Tide Tau! pnblisb"d by Messrs. Daniel "wen aud Co. (.Limited) to persons not familiar with the circum- stances of the case, how tho advisability of | building capacious docks ever suggested I iteelf to the mind of Lord Bute. lie was in possession of a large estate, ami had means abundant for the supply aud Fatisfaction of all his personal wants, Whv. ihon, did he embark on an enterprise full of hazard, the execution of which imposed upon hit,. great sacrifices and extreme anxiety. For a very simpU reason, and in pursuance ot a line of policy which he deliberately marked | out lor himself and courageously followed. Owning, as he did, extensive tracts of mineral property, t-f which had iu former years been !"41c-dat wholly inadequate reutals, his lordship soon discovered that the oulv hindrallC" to an immense rise in tho value of his property was the deficiency of lhck accommodation at th" natural port of shipment. A little more than 00 years liefoie lhe lat., Lord Bute succeeded his grandfather it is on record that the large estate of Dowlais was let f,)r :Iv years at a rental of 10s. per week. Teu years afterwards llirwain was granted on a similar lease for I'i'o. Tht: iortunaie lessees of these veritable Golcondas had worked these gales to such advantage that they rapidly aILlUird f.rtuii,s compared with which the wealth e\ en of a Bute was inconceivable. Naturally enough, it occurred to th, practical mind of the M-cond marquee that what these favoured sonj of fortu,?. had accomplished mi;»ht, to some extent at least, be accompli- 'led by others, lie, therefore, determined upon developing the resource of his magnificent uate, To his 8pprebelliou (llamorganshire presented itself as a scene or truittul enterprise, not for one or two, but for si-ores of capilaiists, ivliose wisely directed [efforts should enrich themselves, d.ffuse prosperity throughout the district, and pour j into his colters a It-itimato share of the Nrellitb thti, created." Having the idea once !inui.. nxd iu his mind, his iocisbip set to I work d..t'I'!IllueJiy, aud for the purpose of constructing a dock he had plans prepueJ, and in 1,.?21 ot-the cal,it,?ilist?i, ironmasters, and others likely to be interested. residing or having counec'.ioa with the district, to meet him at Cardiff'Castle for the purpose ot discussing the advisability of coustruc tir.g a dock on the East Moors, then a practically valueleu pie08 of land, uù cori- uect it with the Glamorganshire Canal, »o as tv enaL:" Huds with too much draught for the canal 10 receive th?ir argos i" the dock, lhe scheme, however, Was look-e ? a. iiionai v, and 110 one would join with g"u 13 the project. Between l-l and }.ù he again and again brought the matter forward, but the risk was thought too great. Ills lord- ship, who had a will that nothing could con- quer, then determined to do the thing ou his uwu responsibility, and in July, }I);,t), he ob- tained an Act for the purpose. Amougst his adviiers as to the engineering details of the j scheme were Captain Beaufort, Mr. Telford, 1 Mr. lireen, and Sir William Cubitt, but taptiun William ^luyth. R.N., appears to \in\ e been the chief directing genius. Even- tually the West Bute Dock was opened amidst geheral j?y 1m the part of the inhabitants tnl?? the at?mt cost of the work b,'iu JL'?'J.?JUO, \'¡" JL'j?L'.WJ in hard cash and the remainder in limestone and timber from l.ord Bute's estate, Previous to the dock itself j being commenced, II channel or feeder was cut from a point 011 the Taff some two miles away with the object of supply jug the projected dock ?v?ca a supply of fresh w,?er,tht!ttdat waters of the Bristol Channel b..in uuuited for use in a dock owing to the quantities of mud held iu 8US' pension, For the three year* following t?i-v.iki?rs liakl tL-t turie t?) tht?iiisel%-es' for rb?, trade remained atatlOnary, J t was apparent th" /IlIB of transport from the mines to Cardiff were not as they should be. indeed, before the construction of the dock powers had been obtained for the construction of a I railway from Cardiff to Merthyr Tydiil, and 111 lo41 the Taff Vale llailwav was opened, but on a very 8mall scale, it commenced bringing down coal with four locomotives 1 now it is oUU of the most proCtab! und ?r- takiU r8 i?l the kingdom. Coal was tbt' simply I shovelled by men UHO the vessels, but i,? 1?40 coal Iithes were P).??d on r" dock, in 114 the South Wale. L'aihva,. was pro- jected, and placed in communication with the West 1)?ck, which was but twenty acres 111 exteut. This was by this time altogether in- ulliulCnt, au? the l ast Bute Dock (47J acres INTERIOR OF TIn: EXCHANGE. I In extetit) was commenced 111 1 col. It was a work of great magnitude, and is one of the finest docks in Ült1 country, but it was wanted, for within twelve years Of the completion of the West Dock ami six of Lord liu 'I ti the skipiueuts of coal and iron had reached the f"lIowiTl dimensions:—Iron. It.*). 1-1 ton? coal, 1.02X,yo3 tons, while the work i: had dons in giving an impetus ta the develop- ment of tb. South We!,il (,o:ll:idd was incal- culable. Somo idea of this may be gathered from figures given in an ahlll paper read in ls>'i before the Pontypridd Chamber of 'Trade by Nfr. I.. Gordon Lenox, a geinle- I man who had made the subject a special study, and who said that, while a hundred years previous the total coal output of the whole of Oreat Britain was but 7,000,000 toni, that for <1lsrnorganshir" alone in the year In which he wrote was upwards of Hi,000,000. And it is not too much to »;.v that that In a great measure was due to the (Snterprne of Cardiff. This spirit of c:¡t..r- prise evidently spread, for her. the opening I of the East liock the Khniui^ valleys wer« opened by the railway bearing their name; thil vat opened 111180S. LVI'1i the new dock, however, proved inadequate for the growing trade, aud in lt; the trustees of the young marquess obtained another Act, authorising them to construct further dxb.anù th.) Roath Basin, the tirst part of tll? work completed, '11'11 opened in July, 1-71, a.id thea, in response to farther representations, Lord Bute consented to aha!1J,):¡ th) r.finished portiou of that scheme, and construct another dock of magnificent dimensions to the north- east of the prpStllt Joiv.h Basin. This new dock was opened on August l't last year, amidst the most general manifestations of joy. It has a water art-a of S i acres, about, and is upwards of L'loOi't. long and 000ft. ,do>, the bottom of the dock being 43ft. flin. below the coping. Tha length of quay space, including the jetties, is nearly I k mil es the area of the quay space being over GO acr>w. Tha dock is approached from the Roath Haifl by a magnificent lock, the largest in the world, SOt't. wid-j and machinery lv,zi67 of the most approved tvpe. In 1S67 the property was transferred to a company it comp-n.d aboat 500 acres, and included a dock area of 110} acres, the value being let down at £ 3,000,000, in addition to which for the new lieath j'ock IUi to L?- takeu uto co:uldcration. Thus tbu port bai developed. What this development means lom notion may be obtained /rom the fact that in H8J five tim?3 a3 much ci^i and [ iron were shipped at Newport as at Cardiff, i In li; the quantity of coal shipped at New- port was 490.777 tons and Jron 14!),? i Cardiff being only li'o^7i) tons and 4i,0.10 tons. The exports tc forei?a part,? I,! 11? alone ware:—Coal, 7.518,000 tons: iron, 7 1343 toas: coke, 08,623 tons, and patent fuel, 1 £ U,'261 tons, while to home ports were sent, ia AIiliou, 1,100,^07 ton. uf coal and-3,701tons of coke. While oa thedock alone the Marquess of Bu has .o:.¡ 30 locomotives, and t! are over 70 mil:! of sidi3, &I-.i al a iore;11 oQaJ erportor &rod for tonnage clcared she takes premier rank-with the T'enarth Dock— which is witil-in the port of Cardiff, it may1 truly be aaid tha: no coal shipping port in thacountj cao exhibit mote enormous and rapid expansion, an expansion which has j rerle.ted itself upon the town, which the trade of tile dock has made, in the most | .literal sense of the term.

Till] FllOCKIMJ SUICIDE AT COLEFOHH. Kl'TI'iCTS OK A THUNREUSTOIl.M. 0" :i¡¡!>urll"" Ir. Y. the di-tikt nr- ner, held nn inquiry III Co'el d, t Ut IlÎn: 11 u ,I(-1"tll of J Jijih Jinm-h, t ♦ r bit i*-r t IJ" »" tf t 'l ujnpikn '1'rus'b() 4"\11. n»itlo 1 riiicide "V h in?iri<; on tne i:lht m*t., 1/ ;'or)(..Jit.'tn-'<f</?«?)?<f at:¡rdl'Y. The ??. Mr. J. T. Ad'tiiiK 1'iciimn, htvui^* vifl!lA..j 1be bojv, Mr*. widow «,>f l(t#» d- di»po:<c<| thut hi a °1:(' We'" 51. Un ti,, 111 th" bt her got up RIWlllr ahec five, and it littleaner ^»x ttHiii-jH ^ot U¡"IiUJ found th.it h<T IIU"tnIHI lud pul n-july i.»u« Un {<oitiy into theb'ick kitchen* she 'n. hfr 'J'J" buud MhpCfHkù l-y a rope by Hio neck. lIr 1111'. band "au been unwell since June lafof. 11, ('nn. pi dnvd of ihe U.e gie<tt thun»iwi,t'jriu ,n that nlr)nlh had upon lu nerve*. She hud n't fUi-pect^d that h6 Ind any int.-Dticn t I in t hJd 11 airaid of hU jiomy out cf Ilia uiind. Wwtvl not. kn" of iinv trouble undpr which l.oJ h"en wfoi;hfHJ down, JJe 'IF: of a Jf;I¡:IGII in ■* «d mind, and was <uac .ri nt tha IlIdt-JHnJt!;( Chap.I, Cu'd(lrd. Iht-y had always liveJ l»»;p f to^ethct-.—Pr«d^tick Tomiins also to (hf" effcct fhai It" hart cut tho d<?« ea>«ed d"wn- The On.-ner having AddrH"1 tho jury, a to thu idlecf that (loc^a^-vl comu»siUd fuicid? while Iibourinij under tomponry insanity returned.

INTRODUCTORY ARTICLES. I For the wcok which opwas ti)-day Cardiff will be, so to speak, the capital of commercial llntaai; if we, as has bello said, aro a nation of shopkeepers, then at Cardiff this week will sit the commercial Parliament of that nation, the Association of Chambers of Commerce. JI*mo«ri will arrive, most of them, to-day, aud Colonel Hill, C.B., il.I' will entertain the executive council at dinner, but business pro- per will not commence until Tuesday, when the delibera;ion»will besontinuedduriuj; t tin week. The visit, not only is of lirst importance to t'urditf, but during the week Cardiff will be of great importance to its visitors, wijo natural!* must feel interested ia the placa of I theIr dojourn. We, thxreforu, ginj a brief hhtvryof tho rise and progress of the town and port, a progress that blls, not only beeti unique, but phenomenal

HbE AND PROGRESS OF I CARDIFF. '1 huuh the Cardiff of to-day presents but l few feature of auti,¡uitr, yet its history extendi back to the tirst century, irhea Auius Didius eatabliihed k*r» a Romas station, which was mlinTaiod until the with- drawal of the Kouiaus, threv ceuturi^s later. Aoovgtt th invidMM it va& kttowt as Oaati* Didil (Asifk* DidkAV Camp). The natirw, hovernr, oatW ft, Ca,r Mdfi, practically tke CUM wunmimg, which nacue, (lightly Loodifa4 It burt ta the present day, for, though corrupted by the Jiinglisb into Cardiff, the name is still pro- nounced Caerdvdd, or, phonetically, Kair- ùth, by the '.Vebh, Uf its pre?RomM history ùotbwg u known delte?,re*,RoiD an ? b.t the coiatMudmf; positiou It OCCQpis, and the filet that sorue of the earthworks of the castle are of British constroc-' tion, strongly favour the presumption that Cardiff was an important and fovtitied plac» before the HOIMla lauded in Britain. From the withdrawal of the Homan troops down to within very recent times the history of Cardiff is comprisod in the story of the castle and its successive owners, and after- wards with that of its docks. For six hnudred years, from the end of the iiith to the end of the eleventh century, a succession of Welsh princes held sway in Cardiff, fiercely contesting the iuour.iions of the Saxons and Panes, as their- forefathers lincl misted the Kouiacs. In lUoO Iestvii ap tiwrgau, the lax of the Lords of Moi'^a;iwg,er Glamorgan, is saidtu have built largely at Cardiff, but, in conaeqnenee 01 all ilt-advisud alliance with the Norman Livadexi of England, the lordship of Idor,a'iwg Unall v ¡Ja,óed out of nath'e haii?s in the ysir lOl'O. Passim through the vioiaaltudes of fundiliiiB, its close proximity to L1lndllI made It of great oclili&ltical importa!1!'e, and in the reip ef lIan a pcrtonofthtt)?mt<? IUwliBf* White wa& boj ueiat Card'?ff at the ingt;gation of the llishop of I.landafc. At some period anterior thwe was also a verry rich oonnnt of Grtf Friur8 the rains ef which still romain, but aVmt the only -I*Iialtisal edi- fio* now raw &ijai tn4ct Is the oli l'arlsh Church of SL J"Iku,% which now forms the oentre ef the town, bat which, up to the beginning of this ceutuiwp wasquite open to the north. ST. JOn'S CnUUCH (KKOM THE NORtH-UOAD). 1 It is gratifying to know that this ancient relic is now re tqred, under the care of the vicar, the I:eV. C. J. Thompson, Towards the latter end of the seventeenth century the Jin" opened by the burning of liawlings White w;is pursued by persecutiug the (Quakers and Baptists, amongst whom Vavasor flowcll is the most distinguished name. Early ill the same J century a great disaster befel Cardiff. 011 i the lSth of January, U>07, the church of St. Mary a very ancient cruciform edifice, which stood on the eastern side of the old bed of the ri.r, occupying a site a few yards nortk of the Western Mail Building*—was washed away by a fcjreat lIooù, the ravages of which extended over an immense traot of country Ivmg on both sides of the Bristol Channel. Up to very recently the Ta £ E still flowed iu I t.4 old channel; now the old bed of i h, river is the site of some of the finest edifices iu the tovu-NNestlate- street, which within less than the memory of the oldest inhabitant was given over to those that go down to tne sea 1u ships." I I.ookiiiK at Cardiff now one would scarivly thinl. il |in«ii!,ie that only u" far back an the ""aT I-01 the number of hou. wa Hut j 27, the Po!llil&Lioll 1,01!5 only, wbi"b iu 1 -I (l.id yiown to 1, *-)I,(- t:,H7 inha- 'II:L,d ft set-ill-i alitio?it th.t bif century a;o tb;,t h I tt a ?-.r- al'lludilD' in th principal thorouXf.? ?f Cardiff. Yet such was the case, and S" rapitt and com- plete has been the development that tho old resident of Cardiff may louk in vain for the houses amI ptaies with winch he was familiar in his youth. One l,v one, bit hv bit, but still very rapidly, they have all disappeared. Nearly every relio «..{ old l'anhtI has been removed, houses and shops have .11 gone, even the nld hall in the centre of lli^h-street at which nsouca and quarter sessions were h"ld, and tu which judges were escorted with all the pomp and ceremony which formerly every hiyh shnitI displayed, has succumbed to the necessity for greater space for tratlic. THK OLD TOWV.HAI.L. (Vr,)m lei t'kh:n puhll^heU -?y Mr. P. %V. Tomlins. 1), ) St. Marr-strcet and High-atnvtt, now the principal thoroughfare in the town, whea t.Hieen Victoria ascended the Throne, were pitched and paved, amI on market days the people from the country placed their stalk and exposed their goods for sale Oil tho publio pitching, leaving the tligs for the foot pa<- senners and tht) rk,ail tlio tratli. l.iitle business was done in the town except i on market days, when all was bustle and activitv, and for which every preparation was made. Tradesmen who are vet alive deolare that 011 other day* they did not take tid. even in the principal thoroughfare, which was from Crockherbiown (nolY Quet-n-treet) to Duke street and Angol-strect. AXGEL-STRKET (At presert known as C.utle-itipet). In Angel-street was the Angel, the prin- cipal hotel, and almost every evening the bar- parlour was tilled by members of the corpora- tion, the officials of l.ord Bute, and the lead- ing residents, including the medical and pro- fessional gentlemen of the town. Tradesmen att-tided the Hlobu and the Cardiff Arms, farmers and others the Red Cow aif] the Horse and 1 iroom, sailors the Ship on Launch. The Cardiff Boat was nearer the water, but as that wai kept by one Bavid EvaDs, for many years the o:iiy constable in tho toa-n, the sailors seemed inclined to give it a pretty Wide berth. At the Angel Hotel ths coach stopped for au hour every day to alloip the passengers to diue. The starting of the mail coach was then ansttr oi as much interest and importance, or more, as the aillI1, of a steamer to Australia is now. At th" i aoand ot the guard's horn all rushed I to tho Angol, on the ehancw of ettkef eeeiag or hearing something to reliave the monotony of existence. Sometimes a London paper, highly prized, wa brought dowu by pas- sengers, and, though ths uuwo in it wight be many days nidj that wait not a matter ot I great importance. CAUDIKF ARMS HOTRL 1 ("b.. lh. Ill. 01 tlieAusei HuteJJ. J Caitle-itreot hotiies projected like lare but- tresses from the castle wall, which thev seemed to support. The noted block of houses, the last remuaut of old Cardiff, were pulled down under the powers of tha Cardiff ltu- provement Act of 1870. The wholo of these dwellings were, probably, some of the oldest "f ( ardift, and wero built at a tillW when all around was common laud, and il,, ueoosiitv existed lor euclosiug the houses with walls or providing them with any sanitary arraugement-s. Subsequently, wbeu roads were formed and tratlio centered iu ciirtaiu directions, houses were erected on caoh side, and though iu this wav the place gradually grevv into some lemhlance of a street, no unitormUy of width was preserved, and men put dowu their house* just where they pleavL Aud tho cla^a of bouses was widely I different from the palatial strnctures now to I be seen. Some idea of what they were mav lie got from the following sketch of tha old I St. John s N'teara,-o in St. John's-squaTd. 01,n VtCAUJlGK. (:jt. tiuch was Cardiff leis than ftftv ysars 3^0. At the census before the cpeiung of \he lirs,litite Dock, in ISoJ, there were but just over ti.WQ iuhabitauts now it hia urowt, so that ju 1"1 the number of houses W'¡fe 1-.137 and the popuiatiou e5,37jj, and th* most trustworthy estimates uov return 17.347 bouses and a population of VJ2A70. A liiar- vellous growth, attributable in the first instance to the unique gooraphical poaitioa ot Cardiff, and in the next the adiuirable way m which these advantages were vccognised and taken advantage of.

JIJSTOKY OF THE CARDIFF I CHAMP,I)U OF COMMFRCF. NmrJy a quarter of a centarj \0, whpl) w,'kl tl)e sizo it it now, Mr. Alexander i'aiziel, (hen a younjj man ot' thirty, desiring to found soims eombiuatiou tiy which the iiiternst* ..[' local trade could be looked att-.T, cmicuived tho idea of startiui; a CHAMBER ot CORUNI'JRCV. lie had only a Jew ¡,n.'¡ previoasly left Newcastle, wher" h, had '?'<'r/ oppor/nalt! of aceir? one of these innuations m complete working order, and r.oitinL,, tli.3 ,,?,?h an 1 organ 1 ;ation n*ai to a commercial c.-htre 11L; \C39tL.. lla\"i,, uod, then, t,?,,Ie could be fostered by the careful watchtulneas o.' .nijch a body uf men as are generally the moving spirit! In 01 gaitisation* ;»i*e ch:un )erj of c-jinrnfand looking at th,, ?o.ditio?ii ,f iii t.'Ltr,?ff at that Period, he thought it would be a great and an a.ha!na?"ou<:hH)gt.? th« town if an iiuUtu- of thit wei-e est-i,)Iisbed, iii ali, ititf?rost %votil(i lie ttl:i?n I)' v th?? m~;chant princes of th« port, Tin-td'?bad? no sojiicr prc.i.'nted i:^U to bhuth.tnbc.? abnut, IIrst to cry?.tiU<t! it ¡ntu action, aud then to deveiopt) the action in'o a i pra"t)Ml r<?))t. H? .wtitutt?d MvfM? gentlemen who represented the leadin" commercial inte rests of Cardiff at that time, Insule, Colonel I..HT, L. C. Air. liees Jones, Mr. i t.harles lhompioa, Mr. John Morgan iHou- I rinallti, and, we belit-v», Mr. Lewis Davis. 1 hese gentlemen received Mr. Jlalziei's pr i- posals very favourably, and he was also much encouraged by promises of assistance and cu- operation from other commercial n?mnth? hL?jks,Wtth the result that a determination I >vas arrived at to try the experiment in Car- diff, In I.(). therefore, a chamber of com- II""C W..i f'rm1\y op<t?d.ltw.t?\ery i modeit at lirst a3 t?t:9 porportiom, j pretensions, home, and surrounding. lhe lirst home was a room at the indeor 1 Hn[e), where the monthly Mce'tn?! w<re' held and quejtious at?ctii)? the town and pon ¡ considered. We have no definite knowledge as to the precise number of members enrolled | ar th lir?t meeting, LUt it was certainly und?r i f -Nlr. J. II. Insole was tho gentle-j man on whom :cH the ditinction of being tbe first president, 3ad he must look baci; with teelin^s nut unmixed with pardonable pride at the smalt start of an institution wi11:h has since developed into an organisation at once j important aud induential. The objects of the chamber of commerce, as laid down by its members, are "tue promotion uf trade aJ ?ari mer?e,. the colll'ctivu of lutlatic31 mrur-¡ ma;.on relating thereto, and the promoting, r,;at,g a,,d the proriotiug. | other measures affenmg tbu iDter.sts of com- I merce, w.d the undertaking bv arbitration tht? sezlem,?nt of dis?u:e arising out of trade," I h- heal luirt,?r3 of the chamber continued to be th room at the W ind.ur Hoel for a 1 ?few.years, aud at length the membenentitted? the interest of Mr. John Hoyle, then acting trustee of the Marquess of lliite. Mr. JJoyle, out' oi tvhosc characteristics was tonev'erdo anything by halves, thiew himself with remarkable ivhoieheartedness into the move- ment, and was gx>d enough to provide at a rent within the modest means of the then jn- stitution as convenient a suite of rooms as was then obtainable in the Docks. 'These rooms were located at tho top of the Jlute- buiKliugs, which hsd a little time before that been erected in llothesay-teiT.n.e, and included a reading-room, board-room, and ollics. For many years, however, the "\istence of the chamber was but a languid one, and it did no Ibxirish to any remarkable extent till 1111 event occurred which had an important in- fluence on its career. In Septemberofl873 the A"L'CiAt?ll Chamh"rs of Commerce visaed South Wal es for the first time, making Cardiff its headquarters. The ) were held at the lown-ba'l. uuder the presi- dency of Mr. Sampson Lloyd, of ISirmingham, thepresij.'iit of the Associated Chamber of Commerce. Among the üth"i'1i wh'l were present were the liight lion. Stephen Cave, M.P., Colonel Whitwili, M.P., and the Mayor of Cardiff for that year (Mr. II. Bowen*. 1 he delegates from the Cardiff Chamber were Colonel K. S. 11 ill (the president*, Mr. (J. T. Clark (the ex-pre<iJe:iti. < olonel (then Major) Vage, Mr. T. W. Hooker, and Mr. Charles Thompson, viea-presirtenu. Hill, 011 behalf of the local uiganisaiiou, warmly welcomed the delegates to the town, and the spetxih of the Mayor of Cardiff on the occasion is a bright and worthy example of what 3 speech should bC-na!III!IYr brief and to the pjint. As it will not occupy much space, we re-produce it in e.drnyj "Allow me, h, &ai, .f on behalf of the Corporation of Cardiff, to give you a hearty welcome to this t,jwti," On the "afternoon of tbe first day a insgnilicent luncheon wis given the delegates at the by th- uiayor and corporation. After this they visited the docks, accompanied by the Mar- quess of Late, Nir. John Jioyle. and Mr. John M'Connochie. and at the termination of the eoiiLjress a visit to the Dowlais Works was made. Among tbe questions i-onddered by the were international penny postage, the establishment of tribunals of commerce, hali-p-nny postage. Imperial and local taxation, the establishment of pensions for merchant seamen, the Bills of Sale Act, reduction ill the cost of telegraphic messages, imprisonment for debt, French Treaty, amendments of the Factories Act, Suez Ca:,al dues, and quarantine regula- tions. it may Dot be uninteresting to say that at this congress an attempt was made to bring about the discontinuation of the autumnal seisionz;, but arer some animated 1 di?ns=.)?;t the proposition was withdrawn amid ibf approbation of the metiD. One ( d t be :?p,akers, referring to tbe btnefioiat ? r?aiM pi-odco-Igr?&s said this w<n illustrautc e?ll d b1y 17 thte he fac? tbn that m?-tin. at CaniJff had induced tbe: Swansea Chamber to join the association. Ifcfore separating several of the delegate* 1 referred 111 warm and grateful terms to the' hospitality and kindness with which tho, members of the association had been received in the town, and returned thanks for the cscelleat arrangements made to ensnre their convenience and pleasure on the occui on. The local branch now began to make some real progress, and the impetus it received from the visit of the Assooiated Chambers of Commerce brought it up to a position far beyond the expectation of the auiall greup pf men who, in 1860 cav. the move- ment it* being. It ir&YXlly expanded with the grorth of the town, the number of the members increaied io fair proportiou year by year, till now the total membership of upwards of 300 has heen reached. In 1S75 pressure of other duties compelled Mr. Dalziel to resign the secretaryship, but he still re- tained a great and an unvarying interest in the institution, his place being ably filled by Mr. Hawkins, the present secretary. In 166:3 a company was promoted for the erection of large Exchange iu Mount Stuart-square, and ou the empletiou of h at building the chamber of couun?ce again shiftd Its headquarters, and removed into well- appomted apartments in the IWW structure, llere, ou th" north side, they have a very line readiti^-rooin, where all the daily newspapers and the periodical literature having direct lelerence to trade aud manufactures are tiled; an excellent board room, and oitlces for the secretary, lhe chamber was incorporated 111 lSsO. so it u now ill a position either to sue or bo bued, and has the power to make its voice heard in Parliament when it is considered that such a course is rieoessary, Siuce the commencement seventeen gentle- men have been elected presidents, some ot them having been elected twice and in one case three tiiufi. Their names are :—IStHJ, Mr. J. II. Insole; lSli7, Major C. II. Page; 1SW, Mr. J. Morgan; 18150 and 1S70, Mr. John Bovle: 187], Colonel Jv. S. Jlill: IS7: Mr. G. T. Clark; 1*7.1 Colonel F. S.IIill; lt>71, Mr. Charles Thompson; 1S7/5, Mr. C. W. David; 1^7U, Mr. Archibald Hood;-1877, Mr. Evan Lewis; 1S7S, Mr. Jonas Watson ls70, Mr. John Heron Wilson; H,so amI ll&il, Mr. J. Osborne Riches; 18^2 and 153, Mr. Archibald Hood 1S>1, Mr. Rees Jones; It'S5, Mr. George H. Wills; l^Sti and In the present year it was decided to invite the Associated Chaml>ers of Commerce to pay a second visit to Cardiff, and the invitation having been acœpW, the members of the local chamber bethought themselves of endeavouring to make the eveiit even more auspicious than it was on the former occa- sion, To this end they asked the Marquess of Lute if he would accept the presidency for the year, as he was deemed to I, pre-emi- nently the mail lifted i'or the position, not oulv as having the largist stake in the port and being the largest landowner in the distiiot, but it wa?fe?t that he would dis- (?hai?g,th, Iuti,a with honour to himself and to the chamber, and to the satisfaction of lb, visitingdelt gates. He consented, and the visi- tors will this week be received and welcomed by the Most Xoble the Marquess of But,. MR. ALUXAKDKIi DALZIEL, THE I FOUNDER OF THE CHAMBER. 1 Mr. Alexander l'alziel, the founder of the Cardiff Chamber of Commerce, was a gentle- man who duriug tbe whole of bis life was closely connected with tho coal trade, to which, it might be said, he wa apprenticed at .New- castle. and he had a more intimate ami pre- cise knowledge of all the details of the trade thau perhaps any other man. He came to Cardiff 30 years ago to undertake tho respon- Bible position of manager to Messrs. Nixon and Co., the lars" colliery proprietors. When, through his instrumentality, the Chamber of Commerce was formed, in 1S00, he was appointed secretary, a post which he held for eight years,at the cud of which, inconsequence of his other numerous duties, be wa* compelled to resign, and the present secretary, 1r. Hawkins, was appointed his successor. 111 lsliG, when the Aberdare Steam Coal Associa- tion was established, Mr. Dalziel was elected secretary. This associatioii-Li combination! of the principal ironmasters and coalowners to resist the unjust demands of workmen, and for the mutual prol' ction of its iminrers in the event of strikes—was, through the united • efforts of Sir (then Nir.) William Thomas Lewis ri-nrganlsed in ¡to;-t. with the object! of extending its sphere of operations, and since :hattmieit has been kuown as the Monmouth- shire and South \1I1,'¡l:ùllit'rit.s' Association. Mr, !J»I,i..J continued as secretary to thi. body till he was Itppomted general manager to Mefsrs. Nixon and Co., when, in ■ consequence of the increased devolving upon hilll, he deemed it necessary to tender his resignation, alld since tlie. the duties .f the oflico 1,.v,? been discharged b\ 1118 1,1,st son, Mr "W O. Dalziel. f'uring the great strike of colliers, beginning Decem- U,-i- :tl, IS74, and ending May 20, 1*76, Mr. )JaIZ,1"8 namo was frequently brought before the public, and 81 secretary of the above association he had some diliicult and delicate wo: k to perforin, and so acquitted himself j that he won the last iiig ektet, III (of botliinasters and men. At tile termination of the strike i —on which a book, remarkable for the exten- sive knowledge displayed 1111<1 the thorough trustworthiness of the facts, was v I-it tei I by Mr. l.lalziel himself—what is t ow known :t the slidmg-seale committee w s formed, i and Mr. Dalziel was appointed ,rr on the workmen's side, and ill th.s lapieitt ren- dered valuable service. He died, when r..1 year# of at his residence at Liandougb, on the llotii of Jane. !«!}. lie was twioo lIIarri..J-tjrst to Miss Caseovuc, of North-) ampton, and afterward s to Miss Hemingway, j daughter of Mr. John Hemingway, the first contractor for tbt. lluto Docks. MR. J. II. IXSOLE, THE FIRST PRESIDENT. rr, J, Tl. Insole, the first president of the i Cardiff Chamber of Commerce, came to Car-I tiiit with bis lather, the late Air. George Insole, with whom he was ('rlv as'oc1ated in tht<?)a( trade as George Insole aud Son." 1 his fiiin were the first shippers of coal from this district, having sent a cargo of the blaelf j diamond to Louden on the l::th of November, 1-.1U, and coaled H.M.?. St. Pierre the! t?it«wuiti' vt? wo that A)r. insole may justly be regarded as on? of the pioneers of tbM South Wales steam coal trade. Mr. 1 Insole's firm were the sole shippers of Abel'- aunll Merthyr coal, with the late Mr, David Williams, i>f ,i nis- cynon House, Aberaniaii, fat her of hi* Honour Judge (iwilyin Williams, acquired the Lower Duffrvn property, which altervvards found its way into the hands of Mr, John Nixon, now the Nixon's Navigation Company. li. sidesthe the ?lt, 'trii. Iiisr)li, aii(I ?on worked t be foll, i iz collieries MaeMinivr, Cyminer,and Ab"rgorki. Mt. Insole retired Iro, the (")", in ')S7.?. Down to that time he hail taken an active part in the development of the trade, and by his know- ledge !Iud ftk¡\l did JUlie/¡ to assist in laying the foundation for the vast industry to which th" success of Carditf owes so nJuch. Although Mr. Insole has rt-tiredfrom I active vuticipatjon in business, he cont ;[1\1"" to ta);" a lively interest in everything con- nected with the staple trade of the district, and gives the existing finil of George Insole and oa (i ir the old name is ktill rl!taillcd I the benefit 01 hift large experience and ktww- Ipdg." Mr. Insole is a justice of the peace for the county of Glamorgan, a 1111 if a director of the Ely Valley Rail.vay, the I'enarih Harbour, Do-k, and Railvvav, anl (,I I the Patent Fuel Works, lie is a lai ge land- OWlJer, antI takes cOIsid..r,i illt"ret in ari- culture, I

THE CARDIFF EXCHANGE. The Cardiff Exchange, which is situated in roullt Stuart-square, is one cf the most palatial commercial edifices m tho country. 'I flj" work in respect to archi- tectural design and general compre- hensiveness reflects credit on the public spirit ot the promoter* and ou the architects (Messrs. Seward aud 'I'bumai,i. The present chairman of the company is Mr. Louis (jt)i'ret, and the immense undertaking, which was originally started in:I"4, has made good progress towards completion. In 1 he large ball, measuring about 100/t. by oCft., thmerchant* of the locality assemble iu the forenoon for the transaction of business, and then the spectacle is one of much animation. The hall is well lighted from the top, aud is surrounded by galleries giving access to suites of comfortably-arranged ollices, in the occu- pation of many of the chief firms connected with Cardiff Docks. The actual front of this fine pile was erected last year, and a large block 011 tb« sou'.b-west angle has just been completed, further additions being about to be made immediately on the western side. The chief entrance, which presents a hand- some facad e to tho south, is decorated with th., arrns of Italy and Spain, as those of the two chief Powers of Southern Europe, 'The arms of Turkey and HuMi? ar6 placed on either side of tha easwra entrance, and those of UermauyMd Auttr?. France and Holland, ,t, c. will occupy appropriate places in the future portion* ot tbe building, lhebuild- are erected with Rath stone fron- tages, and with its pavilion roofs, Jto., is a great adornment to tbe locality. When ttarticg the building immense itractural idiffil.'w;¡es had to be overcome in oouwouenr* of the nature of the ?, which U LUOM <-at)?-iT m,upo" of <hm aHu?ti mud ii]id„ worM in thi* "tall? by the Mppmg ref, '-o. many ye?tt "° on the *ite. Th„ archi t-eta found it iadiapenaabU to start th, foundation* of the building at a depth of j some 30 feet below the lurfaw t to which depth pillars of concrete were sunk, arches cf jb-ick being afterwards constructed between them, upon which the building i",lf erected. This work was performed bv Mr Clerke Burwu. of Cardiff, who is new eoglg in carrying forward further addition*.

) PROGRAMME FOR TOE Wire* The following is the pr->gr*mtB* for th» Monday. Colonel Itill, C.B., H-P, tt)o president of the association, will entertain the txocuuto C.Q.4 at dlnQer Tuesday. 10 .m,-Ti?. president of the r?dii! C-hslr, (the M?t Hon. the M%rquP? cf Bute) will intj?, duce the &ssociltioa to LhO UmYGt at (be Ton. 1030 a,IJ1,-I;usiaeu will <:omInC!lC8 It tbe Park. Ip.m.-Luncheon at the Park-haU, 2 p.m.—Ktwume buslnsss. p.m.—A train wiU )e?ve tbtRhTrnMy R?'w? S!<nio?. Qaenn-Strret, t? C0Dver the dt)M. PlIud tLo Bute tX?k.. bv ¡n"Halion TtS ch.lrraau ..d JiroctQra Qf we B?to Uxka Com panv. 8 to 10 p.m.—Conversazione by his Worsen tha May", nuii Ma\'er'8', 10 t p m t,> 2 8,Dkne S?eo by big Wot?p the Mayor and Mayore* Wednesday. at the Park-lialt. 1 p.m.—Luncheon atttio l'ark-b,ilL 2 t'.nj.—Kesum# businfss. 7.30 p,m-Bapc¡upt at Ihe Drill-ha! by in¡t¡èll of the president of the Cardiff ciiimbet tLrd Bute). Thursday. 10 a.m.-Excurion to t'astelf t'ocb and CserpLil!* Castle. 1,lInd¡c()J) will be servcj ia tt. }¡a"ljuett¡n,lia1lIt Caerphilly lit 1 p.m. 330 p,m,-t;.lrden party 101 Cardiff by tation of the MarcfiK*ness of But*. Friday. 10 a.10.—Kxcursion to view the PJrry Pock Luncheon at Harry ..I. 1 p.m., by invitation <f tho directors of tho Karry Pick and R.Il. C iinpanv. Conveynnccs will meet the uriÝiLJ of the train from Barrv, and corvpv the vH'li* -a>i .I their friends tl Lh,"datf Cltbed.ai, and '0 visit the president ot the association .d )d,? Edward nin?'?:ookw?'). "'?'?" ?"- Saturday. Thft e*occ.tiv6 council of U1 association hai jK'cc;»!)d an invitation to visit Nowpor; Iud view the dock*.

MEKTHYU AND THE GLAIOHGASHIHE QUARTER SESSIONS. MELTING OK MAGISTRATES AT )lEHIII ilL At a meetinc of niiicistrates aetinu for the petty l'sioll.1 divisintis "r C aerphilly Higher and Miskirt Higher, held at Merl hyr on iturdny, it "'18 resolved, upon lhe motion of Mr. \lter Smyth, seivniied by Mr, Thomas ¡Ilia",s, tlmt it Iw a reconitnendatien tn nil tilt. justiees IIf \!P &:d ilivisiens to uttend tho qnnrter sessions in 1Il'pr¡rt "I the claim* of M-rthyr. i-linuld thu ipmitfr t-PF¡lIIhHHI of the county (of (i:a tnor:,pn beheldelie- wiiere than at ("unlit! or Swansea.

CARDIFF RADICALS AND THE REVISION. TAKING THElH IIGLRES TO rilTF.3 Ir, Gpo. IMvid, writing to the I'ctnitHf faprett uf Siturday In rel"II, to itio aliened R.Jb,1 I:uill. ut the Cardiff Keviyion Court, uys:- "lily attention has I.n cilted to a pata. in tliid morning's i«su* of tiie South Haiti 7>rti7y Xtic$i l«i\Jed M tiront Liberal Oaiti." It Î. imp sjiblo to nn nccurate report uistil the littis hav been finally close ?, which was only \tor'8 yesterday mon¡inJ: It í iry desire, and that of tliotrtttciiu^ with nw, nlt to publish any report the accuiHcy of whie" we Ano nor prtpftifd t V'lUCh lt»r. This illln* picparcd at ore#4, hut it cannot fOQjplrttti hei>rc l'uestiev next,vlM-riit will he 111111<1.1 0 you for puullc.' \011, 11,) r uvm tIt IwlifVi? »!ut a trut* return *»ll tihow 11 ulJ.,t..n1ia' G'^wrviiiivp '¡Iin. Fr\1w f¡¡rtJ "hrady u-ccrt-nued, 111tn ablo to Pl.int IJut fif"ri(¡U!I inaccuracies it) lhe Kntii*si i^tuiif htft;Pf\. \e 143 ..t.)a?i 114 ,? Mf;r'ri?..s n»*pfctively* »IR hy 'he Ihl1lcal.. au.kin/: ;t 'htl^ifncn in our luvuur "f ^■ixtet n vote*, i h<* lUdw- i)s nutaii.efl US • ><j and 76 new Jotl^er CI uuif, utitj nut 125 and 77 rr*i>rc* t ivi'ly, ah rit^d h*- miking u diff»T« i ce in <»ur fnvf'ur or voti*.«, or totol diHVeuc of fi4 Vt)! JI will lco tlf! d tint th«* t^p'it puN it:H d c irefuUr from un" t; :8 fi\'1 n 1'dgl'J' clitiii:- which w.- pnocc.^fully opp std. Then* i.. alotf) h p.tiu^nt|iil rcspectirijj puyiiitnl of (0.1, which lequiree an t'JI¡¡lanalloll from hIe. It i- 1 fll" It Utll of 3s. "'II'" Jri one CHSO I) tM*' pttid I v but tlii-* wnfi nil. Hoioro the r«Ti«> <fi C'linn iiot d un u&:renlfJJt was tcvudo Ix-tun • tho t. panio ih;it neither Rhru:¡t a'J,I) t<,r t and t hi ouj;hout l.ib>uini(i ftotn making t'r Fup- porting ahY cUun, ulthúuh in h rmrnl^i■ IIf r. coot. would haVtf been granted if 11,811 I ivL'tel tl.tf a^rccinorit W; not kept iff n :atl;. way hy »«jr epponpnt*. I Rhk our fr.cnds :n su&* poi d 1I1f'nwnt until our it-port nopeHtf."

TIIE QtTFEv OF HHITISIT I!na< Oe,IJ,n SC, Iih" A, H; Pale vüld, j'Jtapant FJ"vúur, WOf)4': IUI \'alu, f;ld I(',hl awrde'l Ivr reat J" J«rjee of quality. Mr. HcwJand Cox, t?w.):ttMt<w..y,.??wY'o)it.w!iMJu'y?- "My neighbcur* pronounce it by wrr"?"* Iihl"' IInù mot dthrote lie we,. h. found. Hir Charles Cameron, M.D. itret'W 01 UW !byal C?UtK-! of Surgeona)* Irtlaod, aay*^ "It ret.jblea ID appearance bright f3herr.!1 ?'?!?c "ms It ,b,e- I. compot'UM ? l,il?zer beer f ..(;,)Idea Suniiglit,? 9 gallons, 10'. 6J.: Ic ??)on'. 21, dt)!?"? to rw It i, alm sld i. 1;0"tleq byUo iead?K BotHett and UotoJ'keepcrs.  m? U;e"Uotce:)!-ut)?(;?' '"?'??'? "yo be offered you. B .Ikin. and 8ODS' A.?, ."d st." (lod to 1. Ud. p,, ';f?v'rt.d. <-trnt?e free, by ti?o otttrtCt'<Mt"?" merchaDt" Uir^ujfhout \he country c.ara¡ IJ ?'. A. Uoidtf.SS.Mt.Mtrv-ttrtet.: ??tti.?'? Kappel; Newport, Watkino /)"d WiliJltr' :l!'1: <iuff»on Swar.sea.Gordon, Krydone&C<! ^J J A. Dafie< k Co.; Abergavenny, W. fh)i:tp'?- mouth, r>oIe; ('hej-atow, tiiia; I'fk, I'ontrpridd, D.ThomtH and K. 'T'c'' :Jf:or;)I)¡¡", Mer??' K'*?' J: J. H<n?; fontyfvsof, If. 11-?i? >'fwTr<def*yw J. IL JOD'; Milford B.,e., D. Uoyd Ttnby, J. Mcrr/man and Son: and nutter^ui riace^. ha P.r.r""j Brewer? (,.It 7379S '1 lb 7?reS IF you «re tired t?in" Ox hfM cM-fM'"? tTl?DttiUf.t?C?t?r't Llv. I.I"f rii.1 '?."i?SE cetnl<-n. A liian I .d "TfryUUnt, o; ad H.Hd. 'tUm???mp?tt?? '?' M:i?'*