The North Wales Chronicle and Advertiser for the Principality

GRAVE INDICTMENT ITPON LA BO UK. WAR ARMAMENTS MUST NOT BE DELAYED. | COMPULSORY ARBITRA- TION IMPERATIVE. THE LURE Of DUIKK. GOVERNMENT MAY USE I EXTREME MEASURES. I (Bv Our Own (CPotter.) BANGOR, Sunday. In his speech at the County Theatre, Ban- gor.. this afternoon, the Chancellor of the Exchequer made important declarations. A Sunday meeting was in itself a notable de- parture from traditional usages in his constituency—public meetings on the Sabbath have always been frowned upon in Carnarvon- shire, and the occasion was rendered all the more exceptional by the fact that the arrange- ments had to be carried through at twenty- four hours' notice. Some months ago Mr Lloyd George pro- mised to address a recruiting meeting at Han. gor, in the Eisteddfod pavilion, but the gathering owing to the pressure on his time, was never held and all hopes of holding it had apparently vanished. On Friday morn- ing, however, the Town Clerk received d tele- phone message from Loudon that the Chan- cellor, having a special message to deliver, desired a meeting at Bangor on Sunday after- noon. The local War Emergency Committee were hurriedly called to make the arrange- ments. A section of the committee were op- posed to the idea of a Sunday meeting and thought Mr Lloyd George should be invited to visit the city at a later date, but the majority were of opiniooi that war is no respecter of days, and decided to hold the gathering. Preparations were rushed for- ward. The County Theatre was secured for the meeting; men who are stalwarts in their respective religious denominations cast aside for the moment their obligations to their own congregations, and were either to be found inside tho building directing the arrange- ments or among the foremost of two large queues formed in Dean-street more than an hour before the proceedings were timed to be- gin. For three-quarters of an hour admission was for men only, except to certain reserved seats for which a charge of 2s was made. Soon the theatre was tilled to overflowing, the attendance being estimated at 1400. A religious atmosphere was lent to the gather. ing by the singing of several Welsh and English hymns, conducted by Councillor T. J. Williams. Among those on the platform were Sir T. Edwards Roberts and Lady Roberts, Carnar- von; Sir John Roberts, Carnarvon; Col. Sir John Harrington Lady Harrington, and the officers of the 11th Soul h Lancashire (Service) Battalion, now billeted in the city; Sir Henry Lewis, Dr. Arnold, Prof. W. Lewis Jones. Several well-known Conservatives also sat on the platform. At three o'clock the Chancellor arrived accompanied by Mrs Lloyd George, Brigadier- General Owen Thomas and Mra Thomas, Sir Herbert Roberts, M.P., Mr Herbert Lev/is, M.P., and Miss Dilys Roberts, Carnarvon. The Mayor of Bangor (Mr R. J. Williams) presided and delivered a very brief address, in the course of which he said he felt certain that as they were fighting for righteousness and justice, and for an oppressed nation, no apology was needed for having the meeting on the Sabbath. They were all glad the purse strings of the nation were in the hands of such a competent person as the Chancellor who held a record for arriving at ways and means of getting money. At the close of war Inr ITO.T ?uvc iho Oliunoc llo* wou Id holrl the record for using the money to the best advan- tage and for the furtherance of peace (hear, hear).

THE CHANCELLOR'S SPEECH. I MR LLOYD GEOTTGE said. I have pro- mised for some time to address a meeting at Bangor. I have been unable to do so be- cause Ministers of the Crown have been work- ing time and overtime, and I am sorry to say that we are not even able to ma.ko the best of the day of rest, the urgency is so great, the pressure is so severe. 1 have some, thing to say to-day, otherwise I should not have been here, and I had something to say that required stating at once. This is the only day I had to spare. It is no fault of mine, tnis, because we are entirely absorbed in the terrible task which has been cast upon our shoulders. I just happened to have met on Friday morning, just before I had decided to come down here, one of the most eminent Scottish divines, a great and old friend of mine, Dr. Whyte, of Edinburgh. We were discussing what I have got to say to-day. I remarked to him: "I have only one day on which to say it, and as that is Sunday after- noon 1 am very much afraid my constituents won't listen to me." He replied: "If they won't have you, come to Scotland and we will give you the best Sunday afternoon meet- ing you ever had." But I thought I would try Wales first (cheers). He told me that in the Shorter Catechism you are allowed to do works of charity and necessity on the Sunday, and those who tell me that this is not a work of necessity do not know the need —the dire need-of their country at this hour. At this moment there are Welshmen in the trenches of France facing cannon and death. The hammering of forges to-day is ringing down the church bells from one end of Europe to the other. When I know these things are going on now, on Sunday as well as on week. day, I am not the hypocrite to say I will save my own soul by not talking about them on Sunday (cheers). THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE WAR NOT I REALISED IN BRITAIN. Do we understand the necessity? Do we realise it? I am here to lodge a complaint against the British Navy. What is it? Bel- gium, once comfortably well-to-do, which is now waste and weeping and her children liv- ing on the bread of charity sent them by neighbours far and near and 1rance-the German army like a wild beast has fastened its claws deep into her soil, and overy effort to drag them out rends and tears the living flesh of that beautiful land. Here the beast „i- „„„„ 1. +»* «ur shores. Not 11 U.l lut::] "AO IlUl «-v h-. hair of Britain's head haa been touched by him. Why? Because of the vigilant watch- dog that patrols the deep for its. And that is my complaint against the British Navy— it does not enable us to realise that Britain is at the present moment waging the most senous war it has ever been engaged in. We do iwt understand it. A few weeks ago I visited Prance. e had a conference in Paris of the Ministers of Finance of Russia France Great Britain, and Belgium. Paris is a changed city. Her gaiety, her t is Subdued, grave, not de- pressed, not dej ected, tieteminca, but a serious city. lou c»n; see in the faces of every man there and of every woman that Utey know their country is in the grip of a grim tragedy. They are resolved to welcome it. confident that they, will overcome it, but only through a long agony. No visitor to our shores would realise that we are engaged in exactly the same conflict and that on the stricken fields of the Continent and alono- the broads and narrows of the seas that eif- circle our islands is now being, determined not merely the fate of the British Empire but the destiny of the human race for genera- tions to come (cheers). We are conducting a war as if there were no war. I have never been doubtful about the result of the war- (cheers),—and I will give' you my reasons by and by. Nor have I been doubtful, I am sorry to say, about the length of the war and its seriousnees. In all wars nations are apt to minimise their dangers and their duration Men, after all, see the power of their own country. They cannot visualise the power of the enemy. A PROLONGED STRUGGLE NECESSARY. I I have been accounted as a pessimist amongst my friends in thinking that tho war would not be over before Christmas. I have always been convinced that the result is inevitably a triumph for this country. I have also been convinced that that result will not be secured without a prolonged struggle. I will tell you why. I shall do so, not in order to indulge in vain and idle surmises as to. the duration oof the war, but in order to bring home to my country men what they arc confronted with, so as to en- sure that they will leave nothing which is at their command undone in order not merely to secure a triumph, but to secure it at the r.p?ediest possible moment. It w in their power to do so; it is also in their povror, by neglect, by sloth, by heedlessness, to prolong the country's agony and may be, to endanger at least the completenc-as of its triumph, and this is what I have come to talk to you about this afternoon, for it is a work of urgent necessity in the cause of human freedom, and I make no apology for discussing on a Sunday the best means of ensuring human liberty (cheers). NON I will give you, first of all, my reasons for coming to the conclusion that after this struggle victory must wait on our banners if we properly utilise our resources and op- portunities. The. natural resourecs of the Allied countries are overwhelmingly greater than those of their enemies in the men cap- able of bearing arms, in the financial and economical resources of these countries, in their accessibility to the markets of the world througii the command of the sea for the pur- pose of obtaining materia.! and munitions—all thase are preponderatingly in favour of the Allied countries. But there is a greater rea- son than all. Beyond all is the moral strength of our cause, and that counts in a struggle which involves sacrificcs, suffering, and pri- vation for all those engaged in it. A nation cannot endure to the end that has on its soul the crimes of Belgium (loud cheers). The Allied Powers have at their disposal more than twice the number of men which our enemy can command. I THE CAUSE OF THE WAR. r But you may ask me why are not those overwhelming- forces put into the iield at once and this terriole war brought to a tri- umphant conclusion at the earnest possible moment F In the answer to that question lies the cause of the war. The reason why Ger- many declared war is in the answer to that question. in the old days, when a nation's liberty was menaced by an aggressor a man took irom the chimney corner his bow and arrow, or his spear, or a snvorct which had been left to him by an ancestry of warriors, went to the gathering ground of his tribe, and the nation was iully equipped for war. That is not the case now. -'io%v you fight with complicated, highly finished weapons. Apart altogether from the large artillery- huge artillery—every rifle which a man handles has a complicated ingenious piece of mechanism, and it takes time. The German arsenals were full of the machinery of horror and destruction. The Russian arsenals were not. And that is the reason of the war. Had Russia projected war she also would have filled her arsenals, but she desired above everything peace (hear, hear). I am not sure that Russia has ever been •responsible for a war of aggression against any of her European neighixmrs. Certainly this is not one of them. She wanted peace, she needed peace, she meant peace, and she would have had peace had she been left alone. She wa-s at the beginning of a great industrial development, and she wanted peace in order to tring it to its full fruition. She had repeatedly stood insolences at the hands of Germany up to the point of humiliation, all for peace and anything for peace. What- ever anyone may say about her internal gov. ernment Russia was essentially a peaceable nation. The men at the head of her affairs were imbued with the spirit of peace. The head of her army, the Grand Duke Nicholas -(cheers)-i3 about the best friend of peace in Europe. Never was a nation so bent on preserving peace as Russia was. It is true Germany six or seven years ago had threat- ened to march her legions across the Vistula and trample down Russia in the mud, and Russia, fearing a repetition of the same threat, was putting herself in a position of defence; but she was not preparing for any aggression, and Germany said: "This won't do. We don't like people who can defend themselves (laughter). We are fully pre- pared, Russia is not. This is the time to plant our dagger of tempered steel in her heart before her breastplates are forged. That is why we are at war (cheers). Ger- many hurried her preparations, made ready for war. She made a quarrel with the same cool calculation as she had made a new gun. She hurled her warriors across the frontier. Why? Because she wanted to attack some- body-a country that could not defend her- self. It was the purest piece of brigandage in history (cheers). All the same, there re- mains the fact that Russia was taken at a disadvantage, and is therefore unable to uti- lise beyond a fraction the enormous resources which s he possesses to protect her soil against the invader. Franca was not expecting war, and she, therefore, was taken unawares. What about Britain? We never contem- plated any war of aggression against any of our neighbours, and therefore we never raised an army adequate to such sinister purposes. During the last 30 years the two great poli- tical parties in the state have been respon- sible for the policy of this country at home and a,broad for about the same period-each for about 15 years. Neither one party nor the other ever proposed to raise an army in this country that would enable us to con- front on land a great Continental Power. What does that mean? That we never meant to invade any Continental country (cheers). That is the proof of it. If we had, we would have started OUT great armies years ago. We had a great navy purely for protection, purely for the defence of our shores, and we had an army which was just enough to deal with any small raid that happened to get through the meshes of our navy and, perhaps, to police the Empire. That was all, no more. I A SAMPLE OF THE NEW ARMY. I But now we have to assist neighbours be. coming the victims of a Power with millions of warriora at its command and we had to improvise a great army- -and gallantly have our men flocked to the standard (cheers). We have raised the largest voluntary army that has been enrolled in any country or any century, the largest voluntary army—and it is going to be larger (cheers). I saw a very fine sample of that army liiis morning at Llandudno. I attended a service there, and I think it was about the most thrilling re- ligious service I have ever been privileged to attend. There were there men of every class, every profes '.on, every calling, every condition of life. the peasant had left his plough, the workman had left his lathe and his loom, the clerk had left his desk, the trader and the business man had left their counting-houses thV shepherd had left his sunlit hills and the miner the darkness of the earth. The rich proprietor had left his palace, and the man earning his daily bread had quitted his humble cottage. There were men there of divers and varied faiths who worshipped at different snrinos, men who were in array against each other months ago in bitter conflict, and I saw them march with one step under one flag to fight for the same cause, and I saw them worship the same God. What has brought them together? The love of their native land, resentment for a cruel wrong inflicted upon the weak and defence- less. More than tnat, wnat Drought them together was that instinct which comes to humanity at critical times when the moment has arrived to cross rivers of blood in order to rescue humanity from the grip of some strangling despotism (cheers). They have done nobly (hear, hear). That is what has brought them together. But we want more—(cheers),—and I have no doubt we shaH get more (hear hear). If this country had produced an army which was equal in proportion to its population to the number of men under arms in France and in Germany at the present moment there would be tlireeimiltions and a half in this country and one milium two hundred thousand in the colonies (cheers). That is what I mean when I say our resources arc quite adequate to the task. It is not our fight merely; it is the fi-lit of humanity (cheers). The allied countries between them could raise armies of over twenty millions of men. Our enemies can put into the field barely half that number. EQUIPMENT NEEDED MORE THAN MPN. f But much as I should like to talk about the need lor more men, that is not the poitit of my special appeal to-day. We stand more in need of equipment than we do of men. This is an engineers' war-(cheers),-and it will be won or lost owing to the efforts or shortcomings of engineers. I have something to say about that, for it involves sacrifices for all of us. Unless we are able to equip our armies our predominance in men wili avail us nothing. \Ve need men, but we need arms more than men. and delay in producing- them is full of peril for this country. You may say that I am saying things that ought to be kept from the enemy. I a:n not a be- liever in giving any information which is use. ful to him. You may depend on it, he knows this; but I do not believe in withholding from our own public information which they ought to possess—(hear, hear) ,—because unless you tell them you cannot invite their co-operation. The nation that cannot bear the truth is not fit for war, and the way our young men have volunteered and the unflinching pride of those they have left behind them in their deed of sacrifice ought to satisfy the most apprehensive that we are not, a timid race who cannot face unpleasant facts. Tho last thing in the world John Bull wants is to be mollycoddled (laughter and cheers). The people must be told exactly what the position is, and then we can ask them to help. We must appeal for tiho co-ol)eration of om- play oris, workmon, and the gonoraJ public. Tho th,i,ci.e. must act And endure together, or wo*dtaJay and, may be, imparil v ictory. We ought to re- quisition tho aid Off every man who can handle mCtta.L If meains that the needs of the oom- niun.;ty in many respects will sulfar acutely vexatious and perhaps injurious delay, but I ft- ot sure that tiue public a¡. prepare* 1 to put up with all fchiis discomfort, loss, an.d privatoiom if thereby oourrtry marohed triumphantly out of this gnoat struggle ^aheers) We have ev-cry reason lor o,Jtl1tfid.ønoe; we have none for oom- plaoanoy. Hope is the mainspring of cfficicncy; oomplaoenoy is its r.i.9t. Wc- laugh at things :n Germany tliat ought to terrify us. We eo-y: "Look at the way they are making their bread out of potatoes, ha, ha." Aye..that patafro- brcad spirit is something which is more to dread than to meek at. I fear that more than I do even Von Htndenb:jrg's strategy, efficient as it may be. That is th.o spirit in which a country should meet a. groat emergency, and instead of mookinig at it wo o-ai,,ht to emulate it. I be- lieve we arc jllf.t as imbued with the spirit as Germany is, but we want it evoked (ohcers). The average Briton is too shy to be a hero until he is askcit. TtK> British temper is one of never- wasting heroism on needless display. r But r there is plenty of it for the need, plenty OIL it. Thc-TO is nobh:n.g Britishers would not g:ve up for the honour oi their country or for the cause of free- dam. ImkiJgonciee, comforts, oven the necessi- ties of life, they would willingly surrender. Why, there are two millions of them at this hour who have willingly tendered their lives for their co-,iA- try. What more OOILd they do? If the absorp- tion of all our engPeering reeouroee is demanded no British citizen will grudge his share of in- convenieinc?. But what about those mfcro im- mediately OGiKierned in :,t kind of work? I EMPLOYERS AND WORKMEN. I Here I am approaching something which is very difiieult to talk about—I mean the eii-poy- ers and workmen. I must speak- out quit phin- ly—inoth, rag is of the slightest use. For one reason or another we are not getting all the assistance we have the right to expect from our works. Disputes, industrial disputes, are inevi- table, a.nd when you have a good deal of stress and strain men's nerves are not at their best. I think I oan say I always preserve my temper in tJ¡""6e dji.y.s—I hopo my wife won't give me away (iauglxter),—and I have no doiibt rha.t the spirit creeps into the relations between employer a.nd workmen. Socne difference of opinion are quite inevitable, but we oanniot afford them now —{hear, hear),—and, above all, we oa.nnot resort to the usual method of settling them. 1 sup- pose I have settled more labour disputes than a,ny mian in this liaH, and, although those who ontty know me slightly may be surprised to hear me say it, the thing th.a.t you need most is pati- ence (laughter and cheers). If I were to give a motto to a man who is going to a conference 00- tween employers and workmen I would eay "Take vour time, don t hurry; it will came round with patience., and tact, a.nd temper." But you know we cannot afford tJhOOi leisurely methods now. Time is victory—(cheers),—and whilst empLoyers and workmen on the Olyde have been spending time in disputing over a fraction, and where a week and ten diays and a fortnight of work which ia absoluetly necessary for the defences of the country has been set aside, I say here solemnly that it is intolerable that the lie of Britain should be imperilled fca- tbe matter of a farthing a.n lnour. Who is to blame? That is not. the quest'an. But how is it to be stopped? Employers will say Are we always to give way:" Workmen say: Employers are mailing their fortunes out of an emergency of the oountry. Why are not we to have a share of the plunder (•' Hoar, hoar," and laughter;. There is one gentleman hare who hokl that view (laughter). I hope he is not an engineer (renewed laughter). We work harder than ever," say tlie workmen. WeM, all I can say is if they do they are entitled to their share (hear, hear). But that is not the po;nt-w-ho is right, who is wrong? They arc both right a.nd both wrong. The whole point is that these quesriiions ought to ba settled without throwing away the chances of hnim.aniity in its greatest stru^gLe (cheers). COMPULSORY ARBITRATION. There is a good doni to be said fc'r and there is a va."It; amount to be said againat compulsory arbitration, but during the war the Government ought to have power to settle all thete d fter- ehces and the work sho iid go on (cheers). The workmen ought to got mere. Very well. Let the Government find if out and give it to them. If h.e ought not, thon he ought not to throw up his tools. The country oinnot afford it. It is disaster, and I do not believe the moment this oomes home to workmen and erajployens, I do not believe for a moment they wild refuse to comply with the urgent demand of the Govern- ment. There must be no delay. There is an- other aspect of the question which it is difficult and dan<geirous to tackle. There are ail sorts of regulations for restricting output. I will say noiihing about the inerita of this question. There a.re reasons why they have been built up. The conditions of employment and payment are most, ly to biame for t.n<c»e restrictions. The workmen had to light for them for their own protection, but in a period of war there is a suspension of ordinary law. Output ifl everything in this war. This wax is not going to be fought mainly on the bafcfclefie'ds elf Bgum and Poland. It is going to bo fought in the workshops of France and Great Britain, and it must be tought here under war conditions. Thore must be plenty of safe- guards, and the, workman must get his equiva- Iemt; but I do hope he will holp us to get as mucll out of these woikshjops as he can, for tho life of the nation depends on it. Our enemies realise that, and employers and workmen in Ger- ma.ny are striving their utmost. France, for- tunately, also realises it, and in the land of free institutions, with a Sooialist Prime Minister, a Socialist Secretary of State for War, a Sooalist Minister of Marine, the employers and work- men are atiboniiiuttii.,g everything to the pro- toortricin of their bea.utii-ujl land, which they love 1 with an affoctionabe ardour. I WORKMEN'S EFFICIENCY IMPAIRED BY DRINK. I have something more to say about this, and it is unpleasant. I would wish that it were not I but somebody else that should say .it. Meat of our workmen are putting every ounce of strength into this urgent work for their coun/try, loyaily, patriotically. But that is net true of all. There are some, I am sorry to say, who shirk their duty in this great conergenoy. I hear of work- men in armaments work, wtho refuse to work a full week's work for the nation's need. What is tiio reason.? They are a minority. The vast majority belorig to a d,aa. we can depend upon. The otxers are a minority. But you must re- member a small minority of workmen can throw a whole works out of gear. What ia the rea- son? Sometimes it is one thing, scAinonmes it is aniothar. But let us bo perfectly oandud; it is mostly the lure of the drink (hear, hear). They refuse to work full tune, and whon fcbay return their strength and effioi&noy are impaired by the way in waioh they ha.ve spent their leisure. Drrnk is dointg us more damage in the war than all the Gorman submarines put togetlwsr. What has Ru.-M.:a, (cheers). Rusa'a, knowing her defioienoy, knowucg how unprepared she was, said: "I must pull myself together. I am not going to be trampled upon, unready as I a.m. I will use all my resources." What is the first thing she does She stojis the drink (oheers). I was talking to M. Bark, the Russian Minister of Finance, a singularly able man, and I asked what has boaii the result. He said that the produotivity of labour, the amount of work wthion is put out by the workmen has gone up botween 30 and 50 par cent, (cheers). I said: "How do they stand it without their liquor?" and he replied "Stand it! I have lost revenue over it up to 65 millions a year, and we certain- ly cauniinot afford it, but if I proposed to put it back there would bo a "revolution in Russia." Tha.t is what the Miiveter of Finance told me. Ho told me that it is ontireily attributable to the act of the Tsar himsedf. It was a bold and courageous step—one of the most horo:o things in the war (oheers). One afternoon we had to postpone our con- ferojaoo in Paris, and the French M unleter of Finance said: "I have got to go to the Chamber of Deputies bcoa,uso I am picipoeimg a bill to abolish abtmthe" (oh.ce,rs). AbeLnthe plays the same pudt in France that whisky pjays m thi s ) country. It is really the worst form oif drink used amongst not only workmen but amalgst olac" aa well ravages are terrible, and they abolished it by a majority of something like ton to one that a teraoon (olieors). That is how these groat countries are facing thlir re- sponsibilities. GOVERNMENT'S POWERS TO DEAL WITH I DRINK TO BE USED. We do not pixxposo anything so drastic lIB tliiat. We are essentially moderate men (laugh- ter). But we are armed with full powers for the diofenoo of the reuJm. We are approaching it, I do not mind tailing you. for the moment, not from the point of view of people who have been considering this lIB a social problem—we are ap- proiAohixig it purely from the point of view of those works. We luave got gtla,t powers to deal with dririik, and we men to inje them (oheo.s). We shall use them -in a spirit of moderation, we tJlu111 t'hm we rihaiU" us- thorn wisely, but we stu? u?.c thum quite fearlessly WiAG,ly, IY',LT AVC, SILIII LI,?10 quLbe coun- try'a needs demand it the country wiit support oiiir aciioin and will ailow no indulgence ot that kind to interfere with its pro-jpoota in this ter- rible war wihcdh has been thrust upon us. That is what I wanted mainly to talk about, and a very good subject for a Sunday afternoon text it ia, too (laughter and ohocfrs). There are three things I want to say, and tiiat I want you to bear in mind. The first ",Yid I waiiit to get this into the mind of everyone—that we are at war. The second is that it is tlie greatest wa.r thai, has over been fought by this or by any oilier country. And the other is that the destinies of your oountry and the future of tho huma.n race for generations to oome dopend upon tho outcome oif bh's war. What does it mean were Germany to win? It means world power for idie worst olom.an.ts in Germany, not for Ger- many. The Germans are an intelligent race, they are undoubtedly a oiukjvated race, they are a naco of men who have been responsible for gnoait ideals in this world, tyut this w(>u ld mean the domiiwuoe of tho wor-, elements amongst (/bean. If vou think I am iaggerating just you reaki for be moment extiKpta from tne articles in bho newspapers which in the ascendant now in Germany about tle seitleonont which tiiey oxpexit after this WIaor I am sorry to say I am stating nothing bu.t 43 bare brutal truth. I do not say that the K¡I.$r will ait on the throne of England if he wi i I do not say that he wiU impose lid's leivs his kuiguiage on this oountry as dtd Wtilij:, the Conqueror. I do not any that you will ear the fanunp, tho loiay trvimp of the gooeo-•> in the cities of the Empire not say that tlie Death's Head Jttuasars ID bo patrolling our highways. I do not say that a visitor, let us say, to A beixWon, will have to ask a Pomer- anian policoman the best way to Hell's Mouth—'(loud laughter),—that is not what 1 me. u i. .m-. IF GERMANY SHOULD WIN. What 1 moan is tnat it Germany were triumphant in this war it would practically be the <J IOUC or of the intei-national policy of the world. Its spirit would bo in tne a.-oc ndant, its doctrines would be in the ascendant. By tho sheer power of its will it would bond the minds of in its own fashion. Germanism in its later and worst form would be the inspiriting thought and philosophy of the hour. Do you romumibor what happened to France after 1870? The German armies left France, but all the came for yoais a-fter that, and while France wai build, in.g up her army, she stood in cowering terror of the monster. Even after her great army was built France was oppressed with a constant anxiety as to what mig'ht happen. Germany ei'smiased her Ministers. Had it not bom for the intervention of Queen Victoria in 1874 the French army would never have been allowed to be reconstructed, and I ratioo would sirr.p.y have been tile humble slave of Germany to tins hour. What a condition for k country And now Franco is fighting, not so much to recover her loiit .provinces-she is lighting to recover her self- respect, her national i'.H.epondcnoe. She is lighting to shake off this nightmare that lias been on her soul for over a generaton—(oheers) —Germany constantly meddling, bullying, inter- fering. And that is what would |happ?n if Russia were trampled upan, France broken, Bril., n dig- armo.l. Defeat we should be left with- o-ut any means to-defend ourselves. We m'ght ha\c a na^y that would enable us, perhaps, to resent insu.t from Nicaragua (laughter). We m'ight have ju-.t enough troops, peitnaps, to con- front the African speci- men (loud laughter). Where would the chival- rous country b .to step in to protect us as we proteelcd I ranoo- ;11 18747 America (a laugh), if o:?un-tri& like Russia and 1 ranee, with tnoir hugo arm es and with the moat power.ul navy in the world could not face this terrible mili- tary macinne—if it breaks that combination, how can America eiep in? It woukl be more than America can do to attend her own in;crests on her own Continent. If Germany is triumphant thev are mere unready than we were. T I-LI: MILITARY CASTE AND GERMANY'S SOUL. But what manner of Germany would we be subordinate to? There lias been a struggle going en in Germa-ny lor over tii.rty ywrs between its bust, and its worst elements. It is likp- that grea.t struggle which is depioted, 1 ilhink, m cue of Wagnoi s great operas between the good and the evil spin for the possession of tno man's ao.ui. T'h.:H great sU'uggio has been going on in Germany lor thirty or forty years. Eaoh successive general eeolicn blt,er elements seemed to be getting the upper hand, and I do not mind saying 1 war, one of tihooe who be- lieved they weie going to win. I thought they were gving to snatch the soul of Germany. It is WOI ch waving the soul of Germany, It is a great, powerful ooul 1 thought they were going to save. So a g.oat military caste sard: We will have none of till is," and they plunged Europe into aoas of blood. Hope was again shat- tered. Those worst elements will emerge triumphant out ol war it Germany w us. What does that We shali bo vassals not to the best Germany, not to the Germany of sweet songs inspiring rcble thoughts, not to the Germany of oonoaeratcu to the .('1"((1 of man. not to the Germany of a virile philosophy that helped to break the shackles of superstition in Europe, not to that Germany, ban tu a e^c-nnaJiy [.¡d.r, talked through the raucous voice of ivrupp's artillery, a Germany that had harnessed science to the chariot ot destruction and of death, the Germany of a philosophy of force, violence, and brutality, a Germany tnat would quemch every spark of freedom either m its own land or in any other country in rivers ci blood. I make no apology on a day consecrated to the greatest s.toi ihoe tor coin ng hero to preach a holy wa.r against that (great cheering). Concluding his speech in Welsh, the OhaJI- ocdlor of tlie Exchequer said War is a time of sacrifice and of service. Some can render one service, .seme another; some here and eccno there. Sonw oan render great assistance1, others but little. There is not one who cannot help in some measure, whether it only be by enduring cheerfully his share of the discomfort. In the old Welsn lcge>nd there is a story of a man who was given a scries of wlhat appeared to be im- possible ta«ks to perform ere he could reach the desires of his heart. Amongst other things he had to do was to recover- every grain of seed that had been sown in a large field and bring it all in witihout one missing by sunset. Ila came to a.it anthill, and won all the hearts and enlisted the sympathies of the industrious little people. They spread over the field, and before sundown the eetd was all in except orw, and as the sun was setting over the western skies a lamo ant hobbled along with that grain also. Semo of us have youth an.d vigour and supple- ness of limb, some of us arc crippled with yeans or infirmities, and we are at best but little ants, but we oan all limp along with some share of our country's burden., and thus help her in th a terrible hour to win tho desire of her heart (loud oheers). After the meeting tho Chancellor and Mrs Lloyd) Gserge motored to the residence of Dr. E. O. Price whe.ro they were entertained to tea. In the party were Brigadier-Gen eta! Owen Thoma-s, Mrs Thomas, and Lieut. Thomas; Miss Lloyd George, Liout. GwilJm Lloyd George, Must Diln Roberts (Carnarvon), Sir licirbert Roberts, M.P., Mr Herbert lie wis, M.P., Maj or Dobson, Dr. Arnold), Prc>fe;or and Mrs Lewia Jones, and Dr. J. E. Thomas. At live o'clock the Citaiieelilor motored to Llan- dudno.

RELIEF OF DISTRESS. MEETING OF CARNARVONSHIRE COMMITTEE. A meeting Off the Oinpairvondh:iTo Rilief of Diatresj Committee was held on Saturday, at Carnarvon, Mr T. W. Griffith (Llandudno) pre- siding. REFUNDING PAYMENTS BY GUARDIANS. A letter was received from the Carnarvon Board of Guardhan^ applying fur a refund of jS30, being relief paid out to persons who would have been assisted by t.he Prince of Watas' Fund if that hud been in existence at the time. Tho Hon. Secretary (Mr Ellis W. Roberts) in- formed the meeting that he interviewed the cen- tral office upon the question, and was given i-o understand that tlhe authorities there would not countenance the refunding- of such money to boards of guardians. It was, however, intended to make a further representation to tho autho- rities upon the question. WEEKLY RELIEF INCREASING. The Rev. W. Morgan, chairman of tho Ad- visory Committee, reported that the weekly re- lief now amounted to JM7 as compared witli £38 previously. As the resuLt of a visit paid by í.he lion, secretary, and Mr Edoi:s Davies, M.P., io the Local Government Board, a promise had been made of a further supply of flour and ælmon, and 400 sacks of potatoes, it being specifically directed that the flour should all go to tne Gwyr- fai district- Mr W. George suggested tha.t a proportion of the potatoes might be utilised tor seed purposes. Tho lIon. Clerk: Prof. White, of the Univer- sity Coi'lege, has informed us tnat he does not think they are suitable for seed potat.oes. They are i-ntcnfi-ed for I)erziom In distress. It was dwjided t-o apply to headquarters for some seed [wtatoos. A VICTIM OF THE "EMDEN." .a. The Rev. Morgan slia,tod tnat one of the oaacs which came bctore the sub-committee Ie- ferred to a ship's carpenter from Nevin whose vessel was sunk by tho "Emdcn, and he lost all his tools, vvithou't which he was unable to find work, It was suggested that application miight be mad e to the i'linoe of Waks Fund for per- mission to give this man a sufficient tiiun to Daiy tools, otherwise he would be stranded. Ma- Jones Morrs: Won't the owners of his ahip bear the loss of the tools ? The Rev. W. Morgan; No. It was decided to make an application to the Prince of Fund for permission to buy tools for the man. APPLICANTS OF ENLIST ABLE AGE. Mr Vincent inquired hether any of the appli- cants for relief were of eiuiata.blo age? The Rev. W. Nlw-gan I cannot mink of more than two. Mr Vmoeiit: Then there are two too i Thoe Clerk: Tlhero are two, but I tion't Lll<Ldc: any on o would cave to anct before er..C";n and say I they were fit lor the Army. The Rev. \V. Morgan: has an aged mother to look after, and the other has a large family. I DEFENCE OF QUARRYMEN. It was stated by Mr R. T. Jones (secretary of the Quarrymen's Union) that in the quarry d; tricts there were very few unemployed among tho3e who were capable of Mr O. T. Williams said that it was frequently alleged that men who were out of work declined to work on tlie lard. Mr John Griffith, a Nantlle quarry manager, assured tho committee that there was not a single oase of that description in his district. A piroixxial being made that the maxim.mm grant should be raised from 16s to 18. per week, Mr G. Hughes Roberts (LIcyn), while not object- ing, pointed out that thero were in tho county scores of farm labourers whoso car rungs did not exceed that sum. ("Shame. ") Mr R. T. Jones again resented the suggestion made a.bout quarrymen who refused to go away Heads of families could scarcely be expeoted So l-oave homo to work for a guinea, or 230i a welk, out of which they had to pay 14s for board and lodg,izi.gi, which left them tbotlkimg to send home to their families; and the same reason r-ppliiad when they wore asked to work on the land. Tt would not be wise to impoverish the quarrying districts. When trado improved all those men would be wanted. Mr Henry Parry objected to Mr Hughe* Ro- berts' statement, which certainly was not true of North Carnarvonshire. APPLICATION FOR ANOTHER GRANT. I It was reported that the commJtbpo had only I B 148 tn hand, and it was decided bo apply for &U- I other grant from the Priaoe of W", Fund.

IN ViEW OF THE SHORTAGE OF LABOUR Farmers should not run the risk of their Oat Crops being laid next year and should therefore cultivate Gartons STRAWED OATS including The Record, The Yielder, and the Tartar King. Weak Straw means Extra Expense, Loss of Time and Loss of loney. Sunpk. pricc and full particulars, free on application tl- GARTONSLtd?S? WARRINGTON. GARTONS Ltd.7 .nd E-4perts, vv ? <? Aft, <???    ?/ s     ??s?  y??????????%??? ? ?*  Dicksons Supremacy Pea, per quart, 2/3. (Unequalled for Early Crop.) Dicksons Commander Pea, per quart, 2/6. (Fine Maincrop Variety for Exhibition or Table.) d0 0 A-4" ,If 11T. 1<:1 I I 1 It.. I 1

I GARDENING NOTES. (BY HORACE J. WitiGlIT, F.R.H.S.). I GREEN PEAS. One would be eaie in asserting that this is the meet popular of all our vegetables and its high nutritive value and splendid flavour entitle it to the supreme position. It is a plant of comparatively simple culture, provided that one or two important details arc carefully observed and it ought to be possible, whore tHe space is at command, to have supplreo from early in July onwards to the autumn. To oneuiro this, however, it is necessary to sow ill euoccdeive batches and it will be found that the man who makes moderate sowings at fre- quent intervals will achieve more gratifying le- suits than he who 6CWS in bulks at protracted dates. It is essential to the same end, too, that a calculation shall be made of the average time that the plants take to come into pod and for this purpose it is wiser to piooeed 011 groups than ou individual varieties. I or instance, firtt early peas sown early in March take from 15 to 16 weeks from sowing to podding. wecon(I early and ma.in crop varieties sown from the end of MaHÚ to the end of May take 13 to 14 weeks, while the naturally la-to varievos, Autocrat for ex- ample, sown in May, take 15 weeks to oome into fru.t. These times will vary in noils and dis- tricts, but they may be accepted as a fairly reli- able guide. One oan always advance the filling of pov.6 by fiom 10 to lo days if it is really neoessa.ry to do eo. by taking ofF the tops of a few plants, removing tendrils and late flowers and feeling judiciously; thrs is a substantial advantage when a break in tlie supply threatens. The 90-ii must be deep and fertile, but it is not imperative tha.t heavy dressings of natural manure sliail be applied; given a deep, coot medium for the i-oc.t6 the plants grow splendidly and the earliest crops certainly will not demand any ypeoial manuring prov.Ooi that a site is chosen which was generously dressed for the preceding crop. tor instance, if the celery quarter is dug well paas will grow and fruit grandly, with ito a.id beyond a stimulant when they are starting to pod. « tor the seeds shallow, fla.t-bottomed drills should bo drawn about three inches deep in ligiat soils and two inches deep in heavy ones. The seeds ought to be placed at intervals of two or three inches asunder in them with a view to saving weds and reducing tho labour of thin- ning. In gardens where mice are a sauroe of worry damp the seeds and coat them in red lead prior to sowing and no trouble need be antici- pated. In all oases early sticking must be done. It is an error to think tha.t dwarf poas do not demand support or to assume that because a particular variety is not staked in the field it need not be in the garden; the conditions are totally different and in no sense comparable. Ua :oro tJIo8 youngsters exceed four inches in I height twiggy sticks rising one foot above the surlace should bo put to them and as they ap- proach to the tops of these the perma-nent sup- ports must bo plaoed in position; these will necessarily vary aooording to tlie variety. The rows where they run parallel on a quar- ter should be a.t Illaot as far apart as the plants grow high, while if they are stiU more distant It will be advantageous to the peas and the crops bet weeai them; if it is possible to run the rows slightly north-east and south-west, it is preferable to direct, north and south, as the plants reooivo more light. When fthe plants are start- ing to crop a muldh ng of short iiian-ure on cach side of the rows will be decidedly beneficial, a.nd if it cannot be managed its place must be taken by a layer of dust created by inceesant surface hoeing; the object is to conserve the moi",ture, and, therefore, the plant food for the benefit of the crops. Frc, foroible hoeiug moisture, of the crops. Free, forcible hoeing: dooes much good 011 the evening's of very hot du vs. The number of varieties of peas is terribly be- wildering to the novice who revels page after page of glowing descriptions and does not know where to begin or wh-ere to stop. As a general rule an amateur can manage meetly with from four to six varieties and the first may be Early Giant, the second Little Marvel, the third Nine- teenth Century, the fourth Superlative, the fifth Ren (payor, and the sixth Autocrat cr Gladstone it only four are needed omit Little Marvel and Nineteenth Ontury. Make tlie first sowing as soon as the land oa.n be brought into suitable oondilion, tho second at the end of this month, and the last in Juno, with others at intervals during April and May, according to the require- ments of the home. BEANS. I As far as t)h? pmpara.tion of the s&d is con- I cerned on? should proceed for beans in precisely I the e?me mariner for peas, with any dtn'?rcnce m favour of irchness, certainly not the reverse. It cannot be claimed that they are as highly esteemed as peas, but they arc, of unquestioned value bo-th in summer and autumn, the latter, perhaps, more particularly when eoariet runners are in abundance and the supply of peas is on the down grade, as far as bulk is concerned. For the recaption of the scedti the drills should be of similar shape and depth as for peas, and it is of paramount importance that the seeding shall bo thin i,f heavy crops of excellent quality are required. The hardest baans are tiwtfe of the Jong-pod section, of which a nwing is commonly madw in rebruary, and other seeds arc sowii at intervals onwards until the end of May in March a vari- ety of the Broad Windsor tvne ia sown :4nll n-i.- oiher in AprJ, where they aif much appreci- ated; in eaoh instance the varieties with green seed are rather superior ui flavour to th-s,- with white ones The seeds should be placed three inches asunder in double hr.cy, and the plants ought to be thinned to six inches for fruiting. Thl) dwarf French varieties are peculiarly re- fined in flaNoLir, and should have a place in ail gardens, but the plants are extremely suscep- tible to injury from cold, and the seeds should not, therefore, be sown before the end of April, or better stiH in Ma.y; successive sowings may be made to the end of June if needed. The lK.ds should be set six inches a.part in single lines, and thinning ought to be don.e to 15 inches; th,-i-e must be three feet from row to row. Canadian Wonder is probibly the finest general purpose variety. I boarlot runners are similarly tender, a.nd sow- I irw should commonoe early in May, but the most valuable of all sowings i.3 often that made in JWfiC. TTio soocis should be set from six inches for mi<& varw-tifs its Champ-'on Scarlet to 15 mehes for Brst ol All. Earlier crotps of both dwarfs and runners can bo secured by sowing seeds in warm frames in April and planting out after most oareful hardening when the soil and the weather are favourable in June. ONIONS. In.e deepest and ridlest ground in the whole of the vegetable garden must bo allocated to this indispensable crop. Onions may not be highly nutritious, but they are indisputably cxcelleant in their cffects Oil the biooel a-nd their value in cases of cokfe is widely recognised. For tho usual crop the rows are set one foot asunder, a.nd the plants are thinned in them until they wdl just hft one another slightly off the aurfaoo when they a-re approaching maturity; for ox- hibition bulbs the lines arc lo inches atuncier and the plants 12 inches apirt in them. It is im- perative that ûhe site shall be firm and nothing short of repeated treating will create the ideul ooTKiit on; bu.ibii^g is thus favoured and the do- pr<'<iaiiO'ii3 of the fh are che???d. Sow insta.nt- Iy if S{d6 arc not air?ady in, and agai.n at the end of the month and in April; distribute the 9000.. thinly in drills one inch deep and cover firmly. If only one variety is grown. Ailsa Craig is eplend'd, as also is the old Bedfordshire Unampion, the last-named being a wonderful keeper. CELERY AND LEEKS. Although see us of the.s«e plants, the former out most vaiuab-e salad and the latter one of the finest winter vegetables of British gardens and oRe which ought to be far moie exUMuiivo.lv cultivated can be sown out of doors in April, it is muoh better to sow in March in a heated frame or a greenhouse. One or two paL. or boxes will yield hundreds of plants. Distri- bute the seeeis thinly and start to thin so early that it is impossible for the plants to become urawn, and as soon as they are big enough prick off in other boxes or a specially prepared bed, latoer transferring to a nursery bed 011 a warm border; they w.11 go into thefr permanent positions in July, and on ware's for the celery A fitie white celery is Sandrin.gham, and a good red one Major Clarke's, while Lyon will moot most requirements a a far as leeks are concerned, It is usual though not essential, to plant celery 111 manured trenchcs; leeks can be best planted by making holes ten inches deep wirh a blunt- ended dnbbcr, dropp ng one plant in oaoh and h!.lmg with water, net with soil. SPINACH. As far as amateu.-s a.nd cottagers arp concerned this is a neg.ected crop. It?comn?.fv so b?iy oo??d that ?hcn it has been tried noo it fi-om tli,, table and consequently is not rcpwsent 111 the garden. This is wronjr 1 erfectiy grown and cooi?d ?in.aoh ? one oi the finest of all arMn vegetables, and suæi ve rows ought to be grown in every plaoe. rl'fto sit-e must be deep, moderately firm, and in ex- cellent heart, but excessive dressings of fresh manure must be deprecated. Let the rows be 15 incncs asunder, and thin the plants to eiglit inches in them. Make the first sowing as quidc ly liS possiole. and others as needed; the plants thrive between pexis provided that they reoeiva light and air. TURNIPS. This member of the cabbago family is alwayl welcome in the garden, but jt is not always the most satisfactory crop to gioly becausc it so soon becomes stringy and bitter in the summer unless it can be grown 011 good soil without the least semblance of a check to progress and used quick, ly. Having thos-e d-,talis III mind will impress the importance of "thorough preparation and of small sowings at comparatively short interval*. From the first appearance of the seedlings dust them often when dump with a mixtaro ° of old soot and wood ashes to deter the flea beetle and to eit. niila,te the plants to reach the rough kuf stage -as Stiou as possible as they are then almost immune from the attacks of this enemy, Tho drills should be one foot asunder, and the plants ought to be thinned to six inches a^art in them. As a white ?-arkty for summer l' Model may safely be Mt:(xi upon, and sowing ahouid 000? menoe forthwith.

i Me HATTIE and CO. CHESTER. 1|  I ) I GARDEN I SEEDS I LISTS FREE. j! II t

I FREE OFFER TO LADIES. To prove tl«5wpwiority of ELL18' PH,L& '1'0 p:'oYe tll S'u'pc4riority of ELLIS' l}ILL& F'OH, l'lMAL}", 1 wiH ?i,d a h«. trial ?ck<'t. poet pAtd. Prepared from U?e origmat rucdp? of ? o?bya.T?d Nurse, tiny never fail in r?to.ring regularity, -?Ur-e, til- 'V n-VVer fal iii rt%itoi,itig oert?in, and spM?\ ph that never d.?ppo-mttt Thousands of l?tt?t? 01 t.nunks t(?t.ifvn? to their speedy efficacy, after all other things jlad been tried in vain. Each purchaser senos back testi- monial, as they aiTonl relief in --very instanoe There is nothing to equal them. Is id per box. Special extra strong pills (recommenced) 4s 6d, post p-t,.d, in plain wrapper, with luli and advice*. Samples through the poet only by MRS ELLIS, ZI, Surrey Lane, Battersea. o At the Aberystwyth Univera'ty College, the "T. 10. Ellis" essay prise has been awarded to Muss Hannah J. James, of B-rvrgwynme), P<,ny- graig, and the "Sir S. T. E vans' ccsay prize to Mr D. Lewis Evans, Bridgend. At Holywell on Tuesday, a young man named Robert Evans, of l'ern Co tea .yes, Bagilit, was iin.e,(i El Is 6d, inclusive of CQsts, for cruelty to A dog by throwing- it down a disused pit

THE MEXICAN HAIR RENEWER. Do not let Grey Hairs 4p pear. Restores Crey or White Hair to its origm;U colour, where the kl;"Id, a,e not destroyed, l'rcvcnts Dandnili, and tlie- Hair from coming out. Hestorcs & Strengthens the Hair. IS NOT A DYE. ?M.«—.?.?.?. ?.<?. )!,)n!)Dt)rtr<!f?Mf?ffj)!M<«J!<?,???  $d  i?e?-   ?S  ???????x?????(??3M??  4-4  ?Hs?????? J?????  w?????.???? f '??????????????j???M???/?C?? ????? ?0? ? ?&????   y??  ;=.. ??.<!n.mt«,rrf?)?ij??? i ./?_?j_