The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

WELSHPOOL COUNTY SESSIONS. The adjourned Brewstnr Sessions for the Welsh- jpool County Division were held at the Town Hall on Monday, before Capt. Mytton (presiding), Col. Twyford and Mr J. Jones (Varchoel). Superintendent Williams said there were no magistrates of the division present at the last Court when he read his report. The report was again read, and in it bo stated that the renewal of the licenses of the Blue Bell Inn, Pentrebeirdd, and the Compasses Inn, Kilkewydd, was unde- sirable. After a consultation, the 'Chairman said the magistrates had decided upon the following :resolution The magistrates assembled in .Petty Sessions are of opinion that the public -feouses in the division are too numerous, and in -the case of Forden there are four in the parish. The magistrates, though renewing the licenses for this year, think that one at least of these should be closed, and the Railway Inn, Forden, seems to be least wanted. There does not seem to be any necessity for the Compasses Inn. It is suggested that it would be an advantage, if owners and licensees c uld come to an agreement As to the closing of any public house before the siext licensing sessions." He said that a Com- -Anittee of Quarter Sessions would inquire into the question. before the next year, and this resolution t&nly showed the prevailing opinion of the auagist-rates of the division. There were too anany public houses, and therefore it behoved all licensees to see that their houses were properly conducted. As to the playing of games in houses, -it had been reported that such games were flayed for drink, and this must not be allowed cinder any circumstances. In conclusion he expressed the opinion that the Green Dragon, Arddleen, was not required. All the licenses were renewed, and the following 4ates fixed for transfer sessions: 1st Mondays in May, July, September, December and February. This was all the business.

WELSHPOOIJ BOROUGH SESSIONS. TUESDAY.—Before the Mayor (Mr C. T. Pugh), Lieut.-Col. Twyford, Messrs D. P. Owen, John ees, Charles Howell. and Chas. Shuker. Drunk and Disorderly. Edwin Williams charged with the above offence, did not appear to answer for his conduct. —P.C. Reese said that he was called to the Upper Pheasant to attend to defendant at 2 30 on the 20th February. He found Williams without his coat (which he had doffed with pugilistic inten- tions), and in a drunken condition. Eventually two soldiers took him home, not however before 1*9 had smashed one of the public house windows because he could get no drink served to him there. He was fined 28s., including costs, or in default 21 days' hard labour. School Attendances. Inspector Breeze, School Attendance Officer, fcrought several charges against parents for having aeglected to send their children regularly to .school: Humphrey Edwards, son of W. Edwards, Xaven-street, seasoned truant, who out of 339 school meetings during the twelve months had only attended 90 times, was sentenced to four Months at the Reformatory School.—An order to pay 10s. including arrears and fine, was made against Saml. Gardener, Clifton-street, whose girl had attended 188 times out of a possible 388. -James Claffey, painter, Powys Arms Yard, whose two children had also made a small percentage of attendances, was fined 5s. in each case.—Henry Richards, Brook-street (162 out of 339), fined 5s.-Albert Crowther, Mount Pleasant, Ife.—Samuel Oliver, Bowling Green Lane, 5s.— George Sankey, Clifton-street (190 out of 339), adjourned for one month, and Wm. Evans, Rallt View, whose daughter had attended 54 times out of a possible 339. The mother told the magistrates that her daughter suffered from chronic bronchitis, and had been kept away by the doctor's orders. The case was adjourned for a month to see whether any improvement would be made.

Dolfor Rainfall for February, 1903. 1st—0-07 21st—0-26 2nd—002 22nd—026 3rd—001 23rd-0,10 7th—0-08 24th—1-10 8th—0-02 25th—0-50 12th—002 26th—053 15th-ü'02 20th—0-02 3-01 Rainfall at Patrington, 0'60. The latter part of the month stormy; on 26th .and 27th a hurricane. February, 1902, the rainfall at Dolfor was 0*71. W. B. PUGH.

TOTE AND TIME TELLERS.—This little book juit received was written by J. W. Benson, the well-known watch and clockmaker, of Ludgate Hill, London, and gives a store of information not only to the student of horology, but to the general veader. The book tracos the history of watches and clocks from remote antiquity,—from the water clocks of the Greeks, the sand glass, and King Alfred's mode of measuring time by burning candles, to the latest and most finished time- tellers of to-day. The work is profusely illus- trated, and may be obtained post free for one shilling, from J. W. BENSON, LTD., of Ludgate ^Bill, London.

FORDEN RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL Tiio monthly meeting of the abova Council was held on Wednesday, when there present: Messrs T. Rogers (chairman) presiding, E. E. Owen (vice- chairman), W. Pritchard, R. Downes, John Davies, Chas. Parry, T. Langford. T. Owen, R. Tanner, with the Clerk (Mr C. S. Pryce), the Surveyor (Mr W. P. Hole), and the Sanitary Inspector (Mr W. Davies). Surveyor's Report. The SURVEYOR reported that he had had an application from the Llandyssil Parish Council to pipe the ditch on the left hand side of the road leading from Plas Robin to the chapel for the distance of 360 feet. Mr Fairies-Humphreys had stated that if this was covered in a water place would be required for Phipps' tenement. This, the Surveyor pointed out, would b^ fatal to the work being done. After some discussion a committee consisting of the Chairman, Messrs Pritchard and Davies was appointed to meet Mr Fairies-Humphreys and a representative of the Llandyssil Parish Council to cee into the matter. Scarlet Fever. A letter was read from Dr R. E. Thomas, medical officer of health, stating that there was a case of scarlet fever at a certain house at Forden. The case had been duly attended to. The Yearly Estimate. The yearly estimate presented by the Clerk for the year ending March 31st. 1904, amounted to jei.268, while the sum spent last year was £ 1,091. The CLERK pointed out that the difference was due to their share of the cost of the Isolation Hospital, which was £ 200, and in answer to Mr JOHN DAVIES said it would entail a rate of ljd. A Rejected Sngge itian. The CHAIRMAN said he had been very much struck when reading in the Montgomeryshire Express' an account of the action of the Kerry Parish Council in passing a vote of thanks to Mr Hanbury, Minister for Agriculture, and he thought it would not be a bad idea for the Council to pass a simiiar vote. The VICE-CHAIRMAN did not think it was a right thing for a Council like theirs to pass such a vote. Mr JOHN DAVIES was also of the opinion that it would be wiser to refrain from such.a course, and the matter dropped.

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LLANIDLOES INTERMEDIATE BOARD. Discussion on the Pension Scheme. A meeting of the Governing iSfy of the Llanidloes County Schools was held?Ki Tuesday evening when Mr Gwilym Edmantls (chairman) presided. There were alao present: Mrs E. Williams, Messrs Edward Bowen, Edwin Jones, C. E. Pryce,-W. Ashton, and Godfrey Bowen, with the Assistant Clerk (Mr Spencer) and the Head Master (Mr E. R. H. Turner). Scholarships. The CLERK reported the receipt of a letter from Christ Hospital, London, notifying an exam- ination for scholarships open to girls over nine and under 13. The HEAD MASTER said it was no concern of theirs as all their girl pupils were over 13. Superannuation for Teachers. A letter was read from the County Governing Body re the pension scheme, and asking the Governors to carefully considered the present position of the Central Board s superannuation scheme. It had now been approved by a sufficient number of authorities to justify the actuary to recommend the Board to put it into operation. The scheme had been approved in principle by Montgomeryshire, but sanction was postponed owing to some difference of opinion as to how the science grant, which supplied the funds, should be dealt with. It was now suggested that the scheme should provide for the payment by the County Governing Body of the premiums to the insurance fund out of the general fund before the shares of the surplus were divided among the different schools, and that the general question of dealing with the science and art grants should be left over for further consideration. The letter pointed out that though their school s receipts from the general fund wonid be decreased, this would be much more than made up to them by their receipts from the new science grants. It further enumerated the great advantages which the pension scheme would tourer upon the schools as it would do away with the distressing alterna- tives of either dismissing those teachers who had done admirable service during the best years of their lives without any provision for old age or of lessening if not destroying the efficiency of the schools by retaining teachers in them who were no longer able t3 carry out their duties. The CHAIRMAN said that according to the figures given it would mean a deduction from the schools' income of about t2i per annum. Per- sonally he should like to see such a scheme in operation and wished they had more money for the purpose, but every little deduction told so much against an insufficient income. Mr EDWIN JONES asked whether every teacher would be compelled to contribute or would it only be optional. The HEAD MASTER thought they could not possibly carry it out without compulsion. Per- sonally he was not very strong on it. It was all very well to effer one spice-cake for his old age, but if they were to starve the schools to do so he thought the matter should be looked into. When writing about the matter they- might point out the financial difficulty. Mr W. ASHTON asked whether it had been decided to have a scheme of superannuation or whether the County Governing Body only desired their opinion on the proposal. Mr EDWIN JONES said he thought their opinion was asked as the letter contained several arguments in favour of such a scheme. The CHAIRMAN said they were in favour of a pension scheme, but what they wanted was more money to carry out their demands. Mr EDWIN JONES suggested that the matter be left to the now education authority who might be able to provide more funds. The HEAD MASTER: They will have to. We can't get on with the present income. Mr JONES proposed that they write the County Governing Body expressing their opinion that they were in favour of the superannuation scheme, but viewing the nuances of the schools at present they suggested that the matter be left for the new education authority who might be able to augment the income of the schools. Mr ASHTON seconded, and this was agreed to. Finance Committee. The above committee reported having examined the bills which they reeoiq|nended for pay- ment. They stated that tins positions of the accounts were as follows •.—Otenflral account (in hand) £ 90 8s 2d, repairs, and improvements account (in hand) X40 148 id, building account (in hand) X20 17s 8d.—The report was adopted.

FORDEN BOARD OF GUARDIANS. The fortnightly meeting of the Forden Board of Guardians was held on Wednesday, when there were present Mr Wm. Pritchard (chair- man) presiding, Rev J. Sawer, Lieut.-Col. Twyford, Messrs E. R. Owen, F. Langford, T. Langford, R. Alderson, E. R. James, J. Davies, J. Pryce Jones, T. Rogers, D. Jones, A. E. Bond, T. Francis, W. Humphreys, E. M. Jones, E. L. Tudor, C. Parry, and T. Owen, with the Clark (Mr C. S. Pryce). Statistics. First week: Number in the House, 87 against 81 in corresponding week of last year; vagrants relieved, 91 against 46; out-door relief, .£29 5s 9d against X22 lis lOd. Second week: Number in House, 87 against 81; vagrants relieved, 81 against 60; outdoor relief, £ 23 against X19 17s 6d. I Correspondence. A communication was read from the Oswestry Corporation saying they were troubled with an excessive number of tgfftips, and asking if the Forden Guardians suffered in the same way, and if so what steps they took to remedy the evil.—It was decided to inform the enquirers that the only means they adopted was the ordinary one of imposing a task of stone breaking. Another communication relating to the tramp question was received from the Clitheroe Guardians and contained a resolution passed by them recommending the establishment of labour colonies in rural districts where the tramps would be compelled to work, as a means of sifting the genuine workers from the loafers. The CLERK remarked that as far as he could see they were powerless to act in the matter. It was a case for legislation. Mr PRYCE JONES moved the adoption of the resolution. Mr D. JONES thought the time had arrived to take some means to prevent these men tramping the country. They asked for work, but nine out of ten of them did not work at all. Col. TWYFORD remarked that there were a great many more rich loafers than poor ones. Mr E. R. OWEN thought it was a question for the Government to take up. There was no doubt that these tramps were a nuisance, but it was very hard to know wfhere to draw the line. The resolution having been seconded was put to the meeting and (parried. The Isolation Hospital. The CHAIRMAN moved a resolution to the effect that the Guardians should supply from the House furniture, utensils, etc., to the isolation hospital for the use of any patient they might send there. Mr E. R. JAMES seconded, and it was carried. The Drain Question. It appeared that while at the last meeting the drain question was referred to a committee, that committee had not been named, and this had caused some misunderstanding. Mr PRYCE JONES, rising to a point of order, stated that he distinctly understood that the matter was placed in the hands of the Visiting Committee. The CHAIRMAN ruled Mr Jones out of order, the minutes having been signed. It was now their business to name a committee for the purpose. Mr PRYCE JONES proposed that the Visiting Committee be appointed. Mr MORGAN JONES seconded. Mr F. LANGFORD proposed as an amendment that an independent committee of five or seven members should be formed. Mr E. R. JAMES seconded, and the amendment was carried, the committee being composed of the Chairman, the Vice-chairman, Rev Sawer, Messrs Pryce-Jones, John Davies, F. Langford, and E. R. James. It was decided that the committee should report on that day month. A Dainty Lady. The CLERK said there was a lady in the House who objected to the boots they supplied, and had therefore been to Montgomery and bought a pair of patent leather boots for 7s 6d, which sum she < requested the Guardians to refund (laughter). 7 1

MACHYNLLETH PETTY SESSIONS. Interesting Dog Prosecution. WEDNESDAY.—Before Mr Ed. Reese (presiding) Dr. Davies, and Mr Ed. Hughes. Licenses. On the application of Mr W. Morgan the license of the Eagles Hotel was permantly transferred to Thomas Owen, and that of the Blue Bell Inn to Humphrey Davies. A transfer of the license of the Tymawr Inn was granted to Mrs Williams. Qualifying for the "Black List." Rd. Edwards, hawker, Graigfach, Machynlleth, was charged with having been drunk and dis- orderly on February 3rd.—P.S. Owen gave evidence, and defendant said he had had a drop of beer during the course of the day. He had only just got out of bed when the officer saw him. —The Chairman said that if he came before them again he would be black listed." On this occasion they would fine him 10s. including costs. Allowing Horses to Stray. Evan Price, hawker, was charged with having permitted two horses to stray on the highway between Cemmaes and Cemmaes-road on February 27th.-P.C. Hamer gave evidence, and defendant, who admitted the offence, was fined 5s. including costs. His First Appearance. Evan Jones, drover, Dolgau, appeared to answer a charge of having been drunk and disorderly in Maengwyn-street.—P.C. Jones said defendant was staggering drunk, and when witness spoke to him he used bad language and became disorderly.— Defendant admitted being drunk, but said he was quite capable.—This was his nrst appearance, and the case was dismissed. Noah's Dog. Ellen Florence, hawker, Park Common, was charged with keeping a dog without a license. P.S. Owen said he went to defendant's caravan down the lane below the Station. He saw defendant and her son, and asked how many dogs they had. The son replied that they had sixteen and a puppy, but on being cautioned to be serious he replied that they only had one puppy. Witness said he did not believe him, and eventually another dog was produced, for which they had no license. Defendant said her husband had gone to take out a license, and a license was produced dated the same day. It was taken out at 10 50, and the officer said he called at 10 15. Defendant's husband (Noah Florence), said the dog was his. He only had it the previous day, and went to Machynlleth the morning the officer called for a license. He got to the Post Office at 8 30 a.m., but it was not then open. Defendant said the dog's name was Noah," and it was Noah's dog. She had told the officer it was her's and it was her husband's, but what was her husband's was hers, and what was her's I was her own (laughter).—The case was dismissed. Elijah's Preaching Vain. Elijah Vaughan, hawker, Graigfach, in answer to a charge of having been drunk and disorderly on February 3rd, solemnly stated that he was drunk in a certain place called Graigfach, but he was not "wild drunk.P.C. Jones said defendant was on the highway opposite his own house, and was very drunk. He was cursing and swearing, but at no one in particular.—Elijah, with a graceful obeisance to the Bench, remarked that it was no good him preaching. He only asked the Bench to forgive him this once.—The Bench fined him 10s. including costs, and threatened to "black list" Elijah if he appeared before them again. Assault. Edward Morgan charged Lloyd Roberts, junr., j Machynlleth, with having assaulted him on Jany. I 3rd.—Defendant was fined 10s. including costs, j

THE tttj MARKETING OF STOCK* < Instructive Address by Mr J. D, Marshall at Kerry. I The Kerry Mutual ^Improvement Society have j been fortunate during the present session in f securing, a series of most instructive lectures on :J subject relating chiefly to agriculture, and on I Wednesday evening they were favoured with the f presence of Mr J. D. Marshall (of Messrs Morris, i Marshall, and Poole), who deliver^Lau admirable 1 add^fc^n the marketing of stoow^ Mr^fc^StlALL, who received a very hearty j receptim^fcjL It gives me much pleasure to come hdftJ^Kight to bring forward the subject c of marl-eti stock, and I hope to initiate a discussion uK may prove of some practical value. If l^^ere asked to prescribe a sovereign remedy for ^perythftte in connection with the subject it woufd be, or^conrse. to advise you all 1 to sell your stock by auction. Most of you would ( probably agree with that idea, but as some may 1 hold contrary opinions it may be more satisfactory 1 to consider other points in connection with the to consider other points in connection with the subject. Undoubtedly the marketing of stock is a most important question to all of and Due; that deserves our serious consideration:t ock is a comprehensive term, and I take it trfjgean. all classes of animals a farmer has to dispo"Sbl".)f, both in fat and store condition. In order to meet a satisfactory market The First Essential is to breed, sheep, cattle, and horses of the best of their class. The best always sell, but an inferior animal means an inferior price, and I conclude that if yju are not already satisfied that you are doing this, you are at least anxious to improve not only your own stock but that of your neighbours and the district generally, for undoubtedly by doing this you will be helping yourself at the same time. Where stock of the .e right class is to be found in. sufficient quantities let the buyers know and they will come to look after it. A great alteration has taken place I during the last 50 years with regard to markets and the sale of stock. Whereas wethers and bullocks were kept till three or four years old, the former are often now finished off in the first year and the latter go to the butcher as two-year-olds or sometimes before. So the public taste changes. Years ago nothing would suit the epicure but three or four years old wether mutton; now dealers will tell you they are very rarely asked for anything but yearling wethers for fattening purposes. Early Maturity is one of the principal points to aim at. As a rule the quicker stock can be got off the more profit it leaves behind. Then, again, until comparatively recent times there were no smith- fields or auction yards, and in many towns only a few fairs in the year, consequently the stock of the district was either sold at these stated times or at home. Now, most towns have their fort- nightly or monthly fairs, and many of them an auction sale in addition, but still a large number of farmers prefer selling their stock at home. Of course every man has a right to do as he likes in this respect, but presuming he has good stock, both for his own advantage and the benefit of his paiticular district and market, I think he should show a little public spirit and support either the- local fairs or auctions and do all he can to make his own market the best. There must be a regular I supply if customers are to continue to attend, and I I think It Often does a Man Good to compare his own stock with his neighbours in the market. By this means he is better able to see the good or weak points, as the case may be, and then, again, what a satisfaction it is to find your own is the best. A few years ago such and such a neighbour beat you regularly, but now your turn has come and you have beaten him. None of this is thought of when people sell at home; a healthy rivalry is always a good sign. Undoubtedly some men are better judges of stock than others; to some the gift comes naturally, others have to acquire it by experience, and I often think this is the best school to learn in. Some are better salesmen than their neighbours, others are better up in the tricks of the trade, but anyone who is gifted with ordinary intelli- gence and is anxious to pick up knowledge can soon improve his weak points by contact with others. The Facer's Son. A great thing is tufKcifUire eonfidence in one's own judgment. It is always a good sign to see a son taking a keen and practical interest in his father's business, and I hold that it is the duty of every father to encourage his son in every way, in the first place by taking him with him to buy and sell, and then gradually giving him little commissions to execute himself. I fear we have all known of some cases when nothing of the sort has been done, but the lad has been kept entirely in the background, with the result probably that he is suddenly called upon to take up the reins, and is, of course, totally unprepared for anything of the sort. I hold that if a lad is to make a good practical market man he cannot begin too young. We all know there are many "Old Hands" about the markets on the look-out for the unwary, and they don't hesitate to take advantage of any opportunities that offer. When taking stock to market we find some people making themselves almost ridiculous by asking impossible prices; others, again, err on the other side. Only the other day at Welshpool a small farmer sold a single beast for « £ 1Q that was put into our auction the same morning and made .£13. It would have answered that man's purpose to have paid some one to do his business for him, and I could give numbers of similar instances. It is no uncommon thing to find stock sold two or three times the same day, and each man expects a profit. When a man asks very wide of the mark it is a somewhat common practise of dealers to say, Will you take so and so ? naming a sum sufficiently near that asked to be safe, and the vendor is often under the impression that the offer thus made is a bona- fide one; but depend upon it that it is almost always done with a purpose-to spoil the market not only for that day, but probably several others. Weighing Machines. We shall probably all agree that there is far too much guess work in estimating the value of fat stock amongst farmers. Why, when you have probably bred the animal, and gone to all the trouble and expense of feeding it, are you content to guess the weight P When you go to a butcher you choose a joint, and the price per pound is fixed, but neither you nor the butcher is satisfied to guess the weight of it, consequently it is put into the scales, and the value is fixed. Why should not this be done with the meat you have to sell ? Even now when weighing machines are fixed in every smithfield they are very little used, and will often be found to be out of order. Truly, prejudice carries us a long way. I am decidedly of opinion that every man who is in the habit of feeding any quantity of sheep and cattle should have a machine capable of weighing them at home. 11 Weighing at Home. Then in addition to weighing them before offering them for sale, he can pass them over his machine occasionally to satisfy himself as to the progress they are making, for if animals are not putting on flesh at a satisfactory rate it is often advisable to vary their food. But I would like the farmer to go further and follow up his stock occasionally to the slaughter-house and compare the dead with the live weight. Of course, it is impossible to fix a hard and fast rule for calculating this, but it naturally follows that an animal that is well finished will come out best. A well-fed beast will weigh when dead from 65 to 70 lbs. per cwt., or, in exceptional cases, a little more, but the ordinary run will be from 62 to 65. Perhaps the more general practice is to weigh the cattle and carry them out at so much per cwt. live weight. At the present time these prices vary, from 30s to 40s per cwt., according to quality. If a beast is weighed with a full stomach, care must be taken to make the necessary allowance for this. Sheep can generally be depended upon to do the one half of the live weight, but this is probably exceeded more often than not. During the present week a case has come to my notice where a yearling ewe weighed when dead more than 201bs. over the half. Fat Stock, I cannot urge too strongly the necessity of pro- perly finishing both sheep and cattle before taking them to market, for it is almost invariably the case that balf-meated animals are sold at a bad price, and they are disappointing to all who have anything to do with them. They weigh badly and the meat is of inferior quality. I am sure it would pay farmers to watch sales of fat stock in a Smithfield and pick up some of the half finished zattle. These would often pay better for a few weeks' keep than anything the farmer could buy. at some time or other ihe, probably by weigl An occasion of this so -tunity for comparing tl The sale of Store Stock s naturally most important to many, and often ve see more profit derived from this source than rom feeding. Of course, many farins are not Ldapted for feeding purposes and the farmer has 10 option. To those it is most important to make sverything possible oi the stores. The first thing s to try and produce something above the com- non run. Scale, quality, and uniformity are the )oints to aim at, and provided this is attained ;here is not as a rule much difficulty in finding mstomers at a remunerative price. It is the second quality stock that is often so difficult to pass on. Kerry-Hill Sheep. 1 [n this particular district sheep are of first .mportance, and I very much doubt if any other district in the country has a better class of hill sheep than Kerry, and depend upon it the better ind more widely they are known the better they will be appreciated. This of course means better prices. Therefore it is to the interest of all to push them to the front as much as possible. When we get cllstom,ers here and they iind a good selection of the class they want they will come again. I am anxious to see more taking an inter- est in this question of booming the Kerry-Hills." I do not think it fair to let the burden fall on the shoulders of a few there are many only too will- ing to avail themselves of the advantages and yet will not lend any encouragement or help to the Flock Book Association. It is disappointing when customers come long distances to the annual sale or fair to find that many of the best lots of sheep have already been sold privately. The I tendency of the times is, as we all know, to collect as much stock as possible at certain centres, and store stock sales are becoming very popular all over the country both with sellers and buyers. Cattle are usually sold in truck loads} each lot being weighed as they enter the sale ring. Montgomeryshire Shires. Montgomeryshire has long been noted for its shire horses, and the importance of breeding from big, sound, registered mares cannot be over estimated. Those who had sufficient foresight to commence on these lines years ago have naturally been well repaid, for in no class of stock is there more differ- ence than between the best and second-rate horses. The Welshpool Association has done excellent work, and I am glad to see that in many other districts they are now going on the same lines. In addition to the quality a great deal depends upon the condition of stock. It is a great point to have the animals in a naturally healthy state when offered for sale. A little inexpensive arti- ficial food will often be found very beneficial to store stock and will well repay the outlay. The Right Thing at the Right Time. Always remember that the great point with store stock is to breed something that is wanted, and will raadily sell. At certain times of the year certain classes of stock sell much better than at others-the idea must be to bring the right thing forward at the right time. Take cows and calves for instance-there is almost invariably a strong demand for milk at the beginning of winter and early spring. My idea is that it always pays those well who have milk to sell at these times, and why more farmers do not lay themselves out for this demand I don't know. Distance from market and want of railway accommodation is in many districts a serious drawback. It is difficult to overestimate the advantages of being close to a good market. A man can then make the best of good or bad trade. We Ml know Chat fat stock walked several miles to market station and home again do not recover themselves t-¿) do any good for a week, or sometimes a fortnight after. < Railway Rates. -1 I think the Railway Companies should be ap. proached respecting the conveyance of agricul- tural produce. We continually hear of preferential rates for foreign merchandise, and of course we know that this is generally carried in larger quantities, hence the lowed rate; but is it not possible that by concentrated effort and epm- biration something may, be dpne to help oi*own agriculturists in this respeetp These-remarks are particularly applicable to the carriage of dairy produce, poultry fruit, &c. Sometimes we tear of the carriage and expense running away with the entire proceeds. I know that it is the practice with malty fathiers to neglect. mora or less these smaller items, but undoubtedly they often offer a very profitable return. I was reading the other day the report of the Birmingham Direct Dairy Supply Compsfoy, and noticed'that on the last year's trading they paid a dividend of 37-J per cent. It is remarkable how the trade with Canada for dairy produce has developed during the last few years, owin £ in a great measure to the cold storage systeaSpadopted and increased facilities for carriage. 56%er cent. of the cheese imported pomes from, Canada, and the value of it last year wag £ 3,900,000. The imports of wheat, flour, baconjf&c., are also rapidly increasing, but few of us know what a vast territory we have in Canada. It is stated. that at the present time there are about 306,000 square miles of land available for free griming, and something like 200 million acres practicably unstocked. The total sums we are paying for the small articles of daily consumption in this country are Simply Astounding. Butter alone is upwards of 17-h millions, bacon and lard between 19 and 20 millions, and eggs- who would think it ?—amount to 5i millions a year. If we have to pay these vast sums it is some consolation to know that our own colonies supply us with a great proportion, but, gentleman, I want to see our own farms supplying it. We know that changes are continually taking olace that affect every business, and yet we find that in many districts the antiquated ideas and customs of our forefathers are still a thing to swear by. Farmers are proverbially slow to make changes or adapt themselves to new customs. We continually hear my father did this, that, or the other, it answered his purpose very well, and why should I change it?" I should be one of the last to advocate change for the sake of change, but I think we have in many instances been in the old ruts too long, and I want to see More Energy and more Combination amongst the farmers, and a greater desire to help things forward. We are too much in the habit of taking a narrow-minded view, and thinking only of ourselves and our own pockets. Farmers are generally good friends—hail well met jolly sort of fellows-but I venture to say there is no class amongst whom there is less combination or con- certed action. When referring to combination do not misunderstand me. I do not advocate tenants combining against their landlords, or against any other class, for I hold that the interests of landlord and tenant are identical, and should always be considered together for the advantage of both. Agriculture is the oldest and 11 by far the most important industry we have, but up to now it has never been properly represented in Parliament or elsewhere. How many practical agriculturists at the present time represent agricultural constituencies I wonder. Farmers in a great measure have themselves to blame for this. If they would only make up their minds to Sink Party Politics and go in for practical, business men, there would be some chance of getting something done. What does it matter, I should like to know, whether a man is a Conservative or a Radical so long as he knows what is wanted and is -prepared, to go for it. The present Minister of Agriculture has shown more sympathy than his predecessors for the class he represents, and is evidently anxious to do all he can to help forward any movement for the benefit of agriculture, but it seems to me that it is quite useless expecting either this or any Government to help those who do not show more plainly than has been done so far their willingness and determination to work together and help themselves. Co-operation in the Parish. How much might be done even in a parish such I as this if the farmers would only form themselves into a club or association for the discussion and regulation of matters in connection with or apper- taining to their own calling. Or the Parish Councils might take the matter up. So far as I can ascertain, these public bodies want something more to do very badly, for, as it is, their work is merely nominal, and many good men hold aloof for the simple reason that there is nothing to be done. I could say a good deal more on this sub- ject, for it is one that I feel rather strongly upon, but perhaps I have said enough to induce someone else to bring it forward for discussion on some future occasion, and then my object may be attained. Annie Mary Murgaretta, Rev P. W. Jones, Pen Jones, of Llanberis, Nc Richard Lloyd, Esq, J. town, was married to Mr j son of the late Mr Henry Williams, of Holyhead. The bride wore a dress of ivory crepe de chine, richly trimmed with old Flemish lace, the skirt tucked and let in with trellis work. She wore a white tulle veil caught with a spray of orange blossom, and carried a bouquet of white exotics, the gift of the Bridegroom, and wore a pearl necklace, also the gift of the Bridegroom. The best man was Mr J. H. Evans, of Beach House, Bath. The bridesmaids were Miss Jessie and Miss Ethel Lloyd, Mount Severn, Newtown (cousins of the bride), Miss Rice Williams (sister of the bridegroom), and Miss Jean Caldwell, of Glasgow. They wore turquoise cloth gowns, elaborately trimmed with French lace, and capes of the lace, and turquoise hats with pink roses and black feathers. They carried bouquets of pink roses and lily of the valley, and wore turquoise enamelled watches and bows set with pearls— both' the gifts of the bridegroom. A reception was afterwards held at the Hotel Russell, by the bride's mother (assisted by Miss Lloyd, of Mount Severn), who wore a gown of black peau de soie, with mauve panne and white embroidered chiffon, and she carried a mauvo orchid boquet, the gift of the bridegroom. Miss Lloyd wore a black crepe de chine gown richly trimmed with Paris lace and rose embroidered chiffon, and carried a bouquet of pink roses and lily of the valley, the gift of the bridegroom. Shortly after four o'clock the bride and bridegroom left for the South of England—the bride going away in a pale blue gown, with stole ends of black embroidered panne, and over it a handsome white cloth coat with long black stole appliqued in white, and she wore a large black picture hat. The presents were as follows Bridegroom to Bride-Silver fitfed dressing case, pearl necklace, and inlaid marqueterie escritoire. Bride to Bridegroom—Carved oak pedestal writing desk. Mother of Bride-Piano and-housebold linen. Mother of Bridegroom, Miss Rice Williams (sister), and Rev E. Lorimer Thomas, Holyhead-Silver tea and coffee service. Dr Reese Jones (brother of bride), London-Case of silver tea knives and cheque. Dr Lloyd Jones (brother of bride), Sydney—Gold and turquoise bangle. Dr H. H. Williams and Mrs Williams, Bath- Silver cigarette case and pair of Royal Worcester vases. Mr Richard Lloyd, Newtown, and the Misses Lloyd —Silver revolving dish. Miss Lloyd, Newtown—Silver entree dishes. Mrs and Miss Wilcox, Leeds—Brass table gong. Mr J. G. and Mrs Wilcox, Leeds-Copper cake stand. Mr and Mrs Lloyd Phillips, Liverpool-Case of silver fruit spoons and grape scissors. Lady Reade, Carreglwyd, Anglesey—Silver candle- sticks. Miss Lloyd-Griffith, Frondeg, Holyhead-Silver salver. Office Staff of Messrs Lloyd-Griffith and Williams, Holyhead-Silver cheese stand. Mrs Atkinson, Frome, Somerset—Silver hot water jug. Mrs and the Misses Ure, Glasgow—Crown Derby afternoon tea cups. Dr and Mrs Roberts, Penygroes—Silver candle- sticks. Miss Roberts, Penygroes—Case silver pen and pencil, and carved oak blowers. Major H. Jones Roberts-Case silver fruit spoons, nut crackers, and picks and grape scissors. Mr and Mrs D. P. Williams, Llanberis-Silver boudoir lamp. Dr and Mrs Lloyd Williams, Llanberis—Silver flower pots. Rev CaiionJ. Sfcudholme Brownrigg, Westminster -=-Book, ImilOTion of Christ." Mr and Mrs T. G. Rowlands, Liverpool-Silver 1 bread platter. Mrs Evans, Beach House, Bath-Royal Worcester vase. Mr W. H. Matthews, R.N., and Mrs Matthews, Sotithsea-Silver sardine box. Mr and Mrs J. C. Gittins, The Elms, Newtown- Silver bread platter. Mr H. T. Hammond, R.N., and Mrs Hammond, Southsea—Silver sugar scuttle and scoop. Mrs A. J. Quick, Southsea—Silver cream jug. Mr H. A. Rannie, Glasgow—Oil painting. Mrs Rannie, Glasgow-Silver inkatand. ° Miss Rannie, Glatagow-nree silver bon-bon dishes; Mrs James Murray, Glasgow-Silver-backed brush and comb. Mrs Ruck, Carnarvon—Silver-mounted trinket box. Mr and Miss Roberts, Aber-Silver photo frame. Mrs Robert Hughes, Llanfairfechan-Silver photo frame. Mrs Rowlands, Llanberis-Silver sugar tongs. Mr W. D. Jones, Holyhead-Silver afternoon tea service, tongs, and tea spoons. Misses Hughes, Castle House, Holyhead—Silver crumb scoop. Mr and Mrs T. G. Owen, Holyhead—Silver break- fast dish. Mr W. R. Jones, Brynmaithlu-Gold sleeve links and studs in case. 1 Miss Taylor, Carnarvon-Silver memorandum book. Miss Davies, Llanberis-Silver and cut glass salts. Mr and Mrs Jeffreys-Smith, Holyhead-Silver- mountjd carvers and steel in oak case. Mr Lloyd-Jones, London-Silver butter dish and knife. Captai«and Mrs Tyner, Holyhead—Pair Benares vases.' -V Miss K. Lloyd Roberts, Bangor-Electric torch. Mr and Mrs C. E. Moreton Prichard, Holyhead— Silver water jug. Mr and Mrs R. R. Hughes, Holyhead-Silver tongs and tea spoons. Dr R. H. Mills Roberts, C.M.G., Llanberis- Embossed silver trinket box. Mr Ellis Jones Griffith, M.P., and Mrs Griffith- Silver carriage clock. Mr and Mrs Williams, Holyhead-Silver egg stand. Mr R. Gardner, Miss and Mr R. Gardner, Valley- Four silver-mounted flower vases. Mr J. W. Ellis, Holyhead-Travelling rug. i Mr H. Williams, Menai Bridge-Tea cosy. Mr Tom Pritchard, Molteno, South Africa-Silver rose bowl. Mrs E. Jones, Holyhead-Old jug. Mrs Williams, Llanfaethlu-Old jug and dish. Miss Roberts. Holyhead-Carriage clock. Mr R. Gordon Roberts, Holyhead-Tea service. Dr and Mrs Brunyate, Rochester—Case silver tea spoons. Mr T. R. Evans, Holyhead—Copper cake stand. Miss Davies, Llanberis-Case silver salts and spoons. Mr and Miss Griffith, Llanberis-Water colour views of Llanberis. The Misses Griffith, Llanberis—Silver butter dish. Miss Parker, London-Case silver afternoon tea spoons. Mrs James Cree, Glasgow-Silver butter dish and knife. Miss Caldwell, Glasgow-Pair white satin ribbon worked photo frames. Miss Jean Caldwell, Glasgow-Silver table egg boiler. Miss Hughes, Abergele—Silver-mounted scent bottle. Rev and Mrs Evans Owen, Llanberis—View of Llanberis. I Miss Evans Owen, Llanberis-Pair flower vases. Miss Reid, Glasgow-Purse. Mr and Mrs Edmonstone Aytoun, Edgbaston- Brass candlesticks and matchbox. Mrs Williams, Llanberis-Bmss candlesticks. Mr and Mrs Rees Foster, Llanberis-Hand-painied table centre. Miss Griffith, Worcester-Afternoon tea cloth. Rev and Mrs R. R. Williams, Towyn—Half-a-dozen serviettes. Miss Pollock, Glasgow-Rose bowl. Mrs Goff Owen, Lianberis-Maltese lace handker- chief. Nurse Thomas, Llanberis-Afternoon tea cloth. Mrs and Miss Evans, Llanberis-Damask table cloth. v Mrs McMaster* €0afgdw—Pair Dresden butter dishes. Miss McMillan, Glasgow—Afternoon tea cloth. Nurse Rose Reid, Singapore-Poker work and painted table centre. Mrs William Thomas, Llanberis—Towels and curio. Mr and Mrs MoLean, Portmadoc—Eiderdown quilt. Miss Rae, Glasgow-Embroidered fish serviettes. Mrs O. D. Jones, Llanberis-Duchesse toilet mats. Mr and Mrs McPherson, Kirn-Point lace collar. Mr and Mrs Trask, Bath—Silver photo frame. Mr and Mrs Gold, The Mumbles-Table epergne. Miss Thomas, Holyhead—Liqueur decanter. MrR. E. J. Edwards, London-Copper hall gong. Mr R. H. Williams, Holyhead-Salad bowl and servers. Mr R. J. Edwards, Holyhead—Decanter. Rev Canon and Mrs Walter Thomas, Holyhead- Silver candlesticks. Mr H. Pritchard, Bangor-Silver hot water jug. Mr Rees Lloyd Davies, Holyhead-Silver egg stand and toast rack. Mr J. Lewis, Llanfachraeth-Silver sugar scuttle nd scoop. Mr G. J. Griffith, Llanfachraeth—Case silver fish knives and forks. Mr J. H. Evans, Bath-Silver matchbox and cigar cutter. Rev James Jones, Holyhead-Book, Christian Year,' | iiead^Pield glass in case. csgotr—Brass clock. ? -Indian table centre. [state, Anglesey—Marble r" I

k. FOfi g. NAMES. Address Welshpool. At a meeting of the' lielshpkol Presbyterian and Congregational Literatry. Society pn Friday evening week, Mr Robert Owen read an interest- ing paper on "Names,—Personal and Local." Mr J. H. Davies presided, and there was a large attendance of members. Mr OWEN, at the outset, said he had not prepared any elaborate essay upon names in general. We lived in a busy world, so busy in fact that the old-fashioned essay, with its finished periods, elaborate diction, and high flown imagery, had become as hopelessly out of date as swords and cuirasses and regimental colours had become in a battle fought by the forces of two civilised powers of the twentieth century. He would state at once that to his mind names and the giving of names were worthy of more attention than they were wont to receive by the thinking people of our country. It was because of this contempt for the study of names that caused people to be so glaringly careless in "^Jieir- terminology or their use of the right xvot&Q^ W name to denote a given object. The world'-J|jj^ir> composed of things and their names. there in a namer-" #a&^ qaestion^ten^Tft.fey stupid people, but he would not wastStheu' time by attempting to answer such Thej could not possibly do without fyauiel/ thfirefom the answer was obvious withodft/their troubling to argue the point. He stood flfefore them Jo plead the cause of their historip local naides,, whethar English or Welsh. He would touch simply upon the names of smaller communities, going right back to the social unit of each nation —English and Welsh—and showing in as few words as possible how the respective local uame& of both nations had been evolved. As they were aware, the nucleus of ancient society among the Celts was the tribe, whilst among the Anglo- Saxons it was the ham, or home of the chieftain around which grew the township or village com- munity in villeinage to the chief. In England, then, the community life was fostered by its social system; hence, England was a land of large villages, whereas in VVales and other Celtic regions the community life was discouraged and the family life fostered instead. The free tribes- men of Celtic blood in Wales were content to dwell in families, detached from their neighbours in the midst of the freehold estate of the tribe, whilst the non-Celtic people in their midst were allowed to herd at one corner of the estate in the hamlet called the pentre (lit. "town's end"), away from the tribesmen, yet in subjection to them. Hence Wales was a land of small hamlets. But every little hamlet or village in Wales was not originally a collection of bondmen's cottages, although every place called Penire or Velindre undoubtedly at one time or another formed a hamlet of serfs or villeins. The typical Welsh town or village arose round the skeltering walls of the Llan. The Llan was theplamoll or opening in the primeval wood where the local saint built his church and where in course of time houses sprung up, thus forming what in England would be called a church town" or village The family estates of the old Cymry were called trev enclosures, or simply treves. Of course every trev in Wales did not contain a church, but such as did were known as treve belonging to the Llan,- Trev 'r Lfen, and they became the central town- ship of the parish, outlying treves being grouped together for ecclesiastical purposes and thus formed into a parish. What they in Wales ought to call a trev or trefgord now went by the English name of township, although it had an entirely different origin from the old English tun or town- ship. The names of these Welsh* areas were infinitely more important from an historic point of view than all the other place names to be found on the map. The place names in their own neigh- bourhood were particularly interesting from the fact that they lived upon the shores of the upper Severn at a point where the Celt and Teuton meet, where, in the gradual English conquest of what afterwards became England, the westward onrush was suddenly stayed by the retreating Celt making an invincible stand, offering such a front to the foe that at no time in history had the English been able to form a single township community west of the Severn. The local place names showed their meaning in a most trans- parent way-the merest smattering of Welsh and they could translate them. But it would take more than a mere smattering of English to translate such names as Buttington, Alberbury, Chirbury, Hyssington, Edderton, Wilmington, and a dozen others. And this difficulty arose over the fact that English as a tongue had so vastly altered during the last thousand years that the earlier form would now be quite unintelligible, whereas the Welsh tongue had altered so little during the course of ages that names of places many centuries old could easily be translated by the average Welshman. No place in Wales had suffered more from the wholesale decay of its former Celtic place names than the district com- prising Welshpool and its immediate neighbour- hood. Three centuries ago the national names of fields, townships, streets, lanes, and dwellings were exclusively used, and even a century ago they were in constant use, but they had been allowed to decay, and even Welsh townships were now no longer units of local government and their very names were well nigh obsolete. To patriotic Welshmen this could npt be other than a keen matter of regret. What few Celtio names survived would go the way of those now obsolete unless an effort was made to preserve them. In the town of Welshpool there were some 50 streets, bye streets, and lanes, yet out of these there were only two that proclaimed in a faint manner they were in Wajes, and these were Berriew-street and Powell's-lane. The Corpora- tion and its officials were notorious philistines in the matter of place names. Two years ago a committee for revising the names of the streets was suggested. A committee of three was chosen, and three most incompetent men were appointed to undertake this duty. What was the result ? Instead of Lledan-road we had the commonplace Brook-street; instead of Pentre Cagon we had Chapel-street; the old Boot Shut became the pretentious Boot-street; Dommins-lane was turned into Smithfield-road; the Gullet became Park Place, and so on. Not a single Welsh name was added to give a bit of local colour to the dull and uninteresting list of our street names. The jerry builder again is another notorious offender. When he ran up his little terraces of dumpy red brick X15 or X20 dwellings, over the narrow portals of each jerry house he dubbed the modest villa with silly suburban names from Peckham Rye or Clapham Common. For years unassisted he (Mr Owen) had made a humble effort to arrest what remained of their beautiful Celtic place names from the SDoiling, hgnd of the lnoill nhilis. tines, but with a poor show of success. He hoped his friends would give him a backing if ever an opportunity arose to introduce new Celtic names or revive old ones that had been allowed to decay. With regard to personal names, and beginning with christian names, he classed them with the following historical divisions: (l) old British names; (2) Church calendar names; (3) Norman nam; "(4) yonngEngland names (1st revival); (5) Hebrew names; (6) Hanoverian German names; (7) young England names (2nd revival); and (8) nondescript. He relieved there had been an appreciable falling a, of yotng- Bullers during the past 12 months, iilitin thirty years time the girls who had been labelled Pretoria would not be so enthusiastic over their sobriquet as their parents were at the present moment. He put in a plea for the general revival of their ancient British personal names, including those for girls, a few of which he mentioned r Gwendoline, Guenevera, Gwenllian, Ewigian, 01 wen, Carwen, Blodwen, Myfanwy, Lowry, Deili, Gwladys, Nesta, Alswn, Arddun, and Dilys. He feared he could not touch upon the surnames as he had intended. Besides, he feared the Joneses,, the Hugheses, the Davieses, the Robertses, the, Richardses, the Williamses, and the Humphreyses, would resent any impudent interference with their much cherished English surnames, and. therefore he would desist. A discussion afterwards took place, in which the following participated: The Chairman. Rev Howell Williams, Mrs J. H. Davies, Miss Gwynne, Mrs Cooke, Messrs A. H. Jones, W. Evans, D. Evans, J. Reese, and R. Powell. A hearty vote of thanks was- accorded Mr Owen on the proposition, of the Chairman* seconded by Mr Dan Jones.