The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

SOWINGS. A celebrated writer cut the list of sowings short for March by saying "sow every- thing." Indeed, the work may, to a great extent, be so summarily dealt with. There is the bulk of the barley to sow, for Feb- ruary sowings have not been wide, while April's and even May's plantings, though not so very uncommon, are not advised. Such late crops are light in straw, and light and poor in quality of grain. Oats may be sown about Lady Day and onwards, while the sooned beans and peas are now

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t-i 0 A R S e: N S S, 8cC. Sold everywhere, i/ii per bex.

PREPARING ROOT LANDS. Though swede sowing is not yet, nor man- gel sowing either, it is in March that the back of the work of preparing the soil should be broken. Deep ploughing, cross ploughing as deep and equally thorough, sacrifyings or scufflings, are foundation work to be followed on by harrowings and rollings where the ground is foul and of considerable staple. The more of the main operations accomplished in March the bet- ter and the surer the fallows will be effec- tually and eventually made. It is to be held in mind that swede growing fulfils many ends, or should do so. It produces valuable and abundant stock food, it ad- mits of cleansing the land, it gives change of cropping, and if the land be over light the consumption of the roots on the fields improves the staple of the earth while hin- dering pests by pressure of the golden hoof and exposure. And, lastly, swedes admit of eo fertilising the land with the sheep that consume them that the ground is left in rare condition for several crops without re- sort to the dunghill.

eo make good Corn )i Cor/7 § 1 Flour Boil it well- | I 10 minutes by the clock- # Do not use too much Corn Flour- a Use pure milk without water ajid Brown & Poison's "Patsnt" Corn Flour j This makes all the difference in I a Corn Flour blancmange or baked pudding. Follow closely the standard i jt recipe on every packet, and I boil weB.

WREXHAM HORSE SALES. Messrs Frank Lloyd and Sons' four days' March sales at Wrexham were held last week, when about 1,000 horses were brought out for sale. There was a good attendance of buyers, and an excellent clearance. The following are a few of the principal prices: —Light horses: Mr Henry Parry (pair), 150gs, 70gs, 47s, MRIE. H. Lloyd, 58gs, Mr Cotton, 58gs, Mr Thomas Griffiths, 68gs, Mr John T. Oliver, 56gs, Mr J. S. Griffiths, 52gs, Mr E. Wild, 44gs, Mr Parry, 80gs, Mr John Brewster, 58gs, Mr Stokes, 51gs, Mr R. Edwards, 43gs, Mr James, 46gs, Mr Sher- win, 47gs, Mr Rowlands, 41gs, Mr Ellis, I

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The Housewife who wishes^B ft JK to ensure having the BEST H yj^k.BAKING POWDER I ■ML B IB* lift should always B oUKWicks-J

SALT FOR SHEEP-ROT LAND. Among the worries of the farmer there is none more troublesome than sheep-rot. In connection with this plague the rational thing to do is to keep the ewes off the rotting land entirely, and to use it for other purposes, or to refrain from pasturing sheep on it during the season of the year at which the embryo of the fluke are picked up. Nature's method of preventing flukes be- coming too numerous comprise drought and frost, which influences render pastures or- dinarily dangerous quite safe for sheep- grazing, probably by destroying the ova;

THE GREAT SKIN CURE. I Budden's S.R. Skin Ointment will cure itching after one application, destroys every form of Eczema, heals old wounds i and sores, is infallible for Piles, prevents ¡ euts from festering, cures Ringworm in a few days, removes the most obstinate erup- tions and scurvy. Price 71d. and Is. ltd. Post free, 8 £ d. and Is. 2!d. Agent for New- town: Andrew Breese, Chemist (late Morgan and Sons), The Cross. Welshpool: Payne. Llanidloes: E. Hughes. Montgomery: W. P. Marshall. Machynlleth: G. M. Arthur.

EARLY FOALS. Although April and May are the principal foaling months on the farm, a good many foals will be arriving in the course of the present month, and a few have already made their appearance. These March foals call for some special care and attention on account of their being born so early in the season, when the weather conditions are none too favourable or genial. While noth- ing is to be gained by coddling early foals over-much and keeping them shut up too closely, yet they certainly need to be kept well-sheltered, and must not be subjected to undue exposure during the first weeks of their life when they still are somewhat ten- der and susceptible to unfavourable influ- ences. In particular, they should not be exposed to the cutting March winds and to wet, as they are very liable to catch a chill, which often takes a serious form. When the weather is fine, the open is, of course, the best place for the young foals, but they should be brought in in good time in the afternoons, and not let out too early of a morning. When it is wet, or when very raw and cold winds prevail, the young foals ought to be kept under shelter. A straw yard with some bedding attached to it affords the best kind of accommodation for mares with early foals in the day-time, when the weather is not sufficiently genial to render it advisable to urn them out. Here the young things enjoy ample shelter, and yet have the opportunity of getting some exercise, which is so essential to their well-being. Mare and foal should, of course, be shut up at nights, as they need to be comfortably housed and to have a warm, dry lairage, until the spring is sufficiently advanced to allow of their remaining lying out afield over-night, which will not be until after the middle of April or until May, ac- cording to the character of the season and the locality. THE FEEDING OF THE DAM. Another point which requires particular consideration in the case of early foals is the feeding of the dam, the diet needing to be suitably arranged with a view to promot- ing the flow of milk. As spring-grown graz- ing, which, needless to say, forms the best kind of food for encouraging a plentiful se- cretion of milk, is not yet available, re- course must needs be had to other milk- making food, such as bran, bran-mashes, and roots (carrots, mangels, or parsnips). A plentiful supply of these foods should be provided, in addition to a liberal allowance of oats, which also tend to stimulate the milk flow. The mare should further be given an unlimited supply of hay. If fed. with a liberal hand on these lines, she will be able to do her foal full justice as regards nursing it. without difficulty. As soon as the early forage crops become available for cutting, mares with a foal at foot should, of course, have as much green forage as I they care to eat, but it will be advisable j to bring them on to this succulent food in a gradual manner. The feeding of green forage should be continued until mare and foal are turned out to pasture for good. Although March foals are certainly consid-

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UNRULY COWS. When a cow has been reared upon the holding, the farmer, generally speaking, has but himself or his subordinates to blame if she turns out unruly; but as farmers frequently purchase cows that are trouble- some in one way or another, a hint or two regarding such animals may prove of inter- est. Some cows are confirmed ramblers, and cannot be turned by any ordinary fence. In a case of this kind the vice is due to the animal not having been properly re- stricted in her wanderings while she was growing to maturity, and there seems to be no cure for tMe vice. A preventive measure is to equip the animal with a collar and a swinging pole, but the very best plan is to sell the animal again at the very first con- venient opportunity. A cow that kicks while being milked is not beloved of the milker, and such a prac-

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tying the legs may be dispensed with. Many cows that do not kick have the un- desirable habit of being continually upon the move while being milked, which is, of course, very annoying to the milker. This awkward habit is always due to nervous- ness, and is nearly always the result of having been ill-treated at one time or another. Petting the animal somewhat, and milking quietly and calmly will fre- quently effect a cure, but it will be some time before the habit will be entirely dropped. Some cows will kick promptly at anyone approaching them in the stall. This vice may occasionally be cured by a change of stall that permits of the animal being approached irom the contrary side. If such a move does not cure, try persistent kind- ness foifr a month or so, and if this does not bring forth improvement, try if sterner measures have any effect. If none of these things answer, the best must be made of a bad bargain, and the animal should be got rid of when the opportunity offers. It is rarely that the vice can be completely cured, but vast improvement may frequently be made. A very ackward habit some cows acquire is that of tossing the head just as food is being placed in the manger, and un- less the attendant is very wary, one of the horns may easily catch him upon the face. Some cows that will thus treat strangers will not continue the practice when pro- perly used to the attendant, and others will treat everybody alike. A USEFUL TIP. One way of aiding in the effecting of a cure is for the attendant to fill his mouth with water before going up to the head of the animal, and if she misbehaves herself to squirt out the water upon her head. A by no means dangerous habit, but one that is very annoying to the cowman when work is being done at high pressure, is that of not standing over promptly when it is de- sired to go up alongside the animal. The legs of the animal should never be hit with a stick, or with the fork or other tool that may be in hand, as this is likely to start the animal kicking. Indeed, hitting the legs with fork or other tool is the usual cause of cows kicking while being cleaned. When a new cow is added to the herd, she is apt at the first to make for the wrong stall when being brought in with the herd. If it can be managed, house the familiar beasts first, then she will soon learn to know her proper stand. A fresh animal frequent- ly errs through being strange to the place and the routine; be then very patient with her for the first week or two.

HOW MANY TURKEYS TO REAR. I wa recently asked by a farmer( writes a 'correspondent) to advise him as to how many turkeys he could rear on his farm, and he was a little bit surprised at the reply he got. Turkeys cannot possibly be dealt with in large numbers within a nar- row radius, like chickens can. They need, above all things, a good range of land, and can only be dealt with satisfactorily by di- viding them up into small flocks. Each brood wants almost a field to itself, and the more frequently they can have an entire change of ground the better. This, then, should be borne in mind by farmers who are now making plans for the rapidly-ap- proaching turkey season. Few and good- that should be the turkey-raiser's motto.

CHANGING MALE BIRDS. It is always an extremely difficult matter when a large number of hens are running together to persuade the male birds to agree, as one generally obtains the mastery, preventing the remainder from fulfilling their proper duties. This is a serious mat- ter when the eggs are required for hatching purposes, as it will probably mean that a. large proportion fail to contain a germ. One male bird can attend to anything from six to fourteen hens, according to circum- stances, but if the number exceeds this by many it is necessary that more males shall be provided. A plan that has been prac- ticed pretty extensively in the United States with quite satisfactory results, and to a more limited extent in this country, is what is termed alternating the male birds. Say a pen consists of thirty hens, too large a number for one cock to attend to, however vigorous and healthy he may be, one male bird would be liberated among them for twenty-four hours, at the end of which time he would be caught and confined in a cage for a similar period, while a second bird was allowed his liberty. This plan is al- most the same as having two male birds out together, save that the danger of their fighting is quite obviated.

SITTING A HEN. It is generally agreed that in order to secure a good hatch the hen must be placed where other hens will not disturb her, for as a rule good results are seldom obtained when other hens lay in the same nest. Some farmers do not sit a hen until one becomes broody on a nest where no other hens lay, which often means late chicks, This difficulty can be overcome by making a new nest for the broody hen. Get a box about twelve inches square and six inches deep, place three or four inches of earth in the bottom, being careful to have the corners well filled, so that no eggs can roll out from the hen and get chilled. Next put in about one inch of fine hay or straw. Do not have the nest too concave, better to be a little flat than too deep. Place in the nest a few china eggs, and put the hen in after dark. The nest should be placed in a building where nothing will interfere with her. If the hen is sitting quiet next day, it will be safe to put the eggs under her. A number can often be set in the same place with little trouble. Ninety per cent. of the hens may be made to sit by following this method. Feed and water should be placed within easy reach, and a dust bath should also be con- venient. It should also be remembered that a hen will be in better condition if dusted with insect powder when set (sulphur is good), and also a few days before the hatch comes off. This will keep the insects in check.

LLANIDLOJBST* His LITTLE IDEA.—The work of preparing the site for the new organ in the Congrega- I tional Chapel is being proceeded with, and very shortly the instrument will be in- I stalled. An amusing conversation concern- ing the organ between two individuals, and which was overheard, took place recently. "Whast 'ee think of them havin' a organ in a bit of a place like this. There's only a hundred goin' there." His companion made some non-contentious remark, and the first proceeded: "And who dost 'ee think they are going to have to blow it? 'So and So.' He's a beauty to blow it. He hasn't got as much wind as a sparrow."

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planted the better-those that are yet to be planted. Again, towards the end of the month, clovers and mixed grasses, spring rye, spring vetches, carrots, and parsnips may reasonably be sown. With regard to one and all of these sowings, the seed should fee clean, bold in quality, and sometimes changed, as fresh seed gives an improved crop, while that which is old to the land acts very much the other way about. There may be just a little stubbornness in the tilth if March turns out very dry, and in such a case we should have patience till a kinder tilth obtains, for it is folly to make m(Are haste than speed in the plantings.

——————————————————————————————————— 52gs, Mr Williamson, 46gs, Mr H. H. Rees, 52gs, Mr James Taylor, 48gs, Mr R. Thomp- son, 41gs, Mr C. Younger, 44gs, Mr W. Jones, 50gs, Mr T. Mathias, 12-2 pony, 50gs, Mr Wedge, 47gs, Mr James, 43gs, and many others. Waggon horses and vanners: Mr R. E. Evans, Belgrave, 92gs, Mr A. Jones, 82gs, Mr F. Lowndas, 80gs and 70gs, Mr

but there are situations where these can- not be depended on, and where measures suitable to the particular spot need to be adopted, or the land must be abandoned as a grazing ground for sheep. There is no "artificial" that can be regarded as a pre- ventitive of rot, and opinions vary as to the efficacy of salt. Some affirm that salt- 1 ing pastures to the extent requisite to pre- I vent rot would destroy their grasses and their value as pastures, but others do not j regard salt-sowing as so obviously imprac- ticable. For example, Mr Harry Thompson, M.R.C.V.S., a great advocate for the use of salt as a preventive of a variety of ills, re- commends for liver fluke or rot ift sheep that the disease-producing lands should be dressed in February or March, and again in August or September, at the rate of 5 cwt. per acre, with lumps of rock salt left I on different parts of the pasture. We be- lieve that the provision of salt to lick is a most useful method of prevention, but not, of course, to be enirely depended on. The salt used for application to land is crushed rock salt, commonly known as agricultural salt.

erably more trouble to look after during the first few weeks than foals born in April and May, when the weather is more genial, the fact of a foal being born early in the season constitutes a considerable advantage, inas- much as it greatly conduces to the attain- ment of plenty of size in the matured horse. These early foals, if they are properly cared for in the early stages, always develop well. They have a good start over late ones, and make particularly rapid progress and good growth during the summer, so that they are in a very forward and well-grown condition by the time the winter arrives, which enables them to get through the latter season all the more easily.

tice is a sign that more time and patience should have been expended upon her when she first came down to milk. It depends somewhat upon the individuality of the cow, and how long she has thus misbehaved herself, whether her manners can be im- proved or not. Try being gentle with her, and coax rather than force her to stand still, and freauentlv. in the course of time.

R. E. Manford (pair), 131gs,Mr M. Hughes (pair), 128gs, Mr Rogers (pair), 121gs, Mr J. Green, 69gs, Mr J. Cadwallader, 65gs, Mr John Ellis, 55gs, Mr H. Peters, 65gs, Mr D. Jones, 76gs, Mr J. Whitlow, 60gs, Mr T. Stephens, 65gs, Mr William Lea, 60gs, Mr F. Lloyd, 66gs, Mr J. Hughes, 54gs, Mrs Enwy (pair), 107gs, Mr F. Jones, 55gs, Mr R. Davies, 60gs. On Friday the top figure was 200gs for Mr F. E. Muntz's entire, Mr A. Nicholson, 92gs and 50gs, Mr John, Lewis, l 69gs. A very good clearance of cart colts at prices from 27gs to 46gs. The sales throughout were very satisfactory. The next sales are fixed for April 27th, 28th, and 29th.