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BRECON BOROUGH TRIBUNAL.
BRECON BOROUGH TRIBUNAL. Absolute Certificates Withdrawn. There was a large audience at the weekly Viecting of the Brecon Borough Tribunal held on Thursday night at the Council Chamber, when the Military Representative applied for a review of the certificates of exemption granted to several single men. In all the cases the Tribunal withdrew the certificate and substituted temporary exemption. The Mayor (Mr G. T. Jones) presided and Other members of the Tribunal present were Alderman E. A. Wright (who did not sit in all the cases), Messrs James Morgan, Edwin Da vies and John Da vies. Mr C. W. Best was the military representative. The Clerk (Mr G. Hyatt Williams) at the outset, asked Mr Best to explain to the Tribunal why he asked for a review of the eases. Mr Best said they would find in the book OB the administration of the Act that it was open to the Military Representative to apply for a withdrawal or variation of a certificate of exemption, and he was there that evening with the full support of the Advisory Com- mittee. The whole of the cases in question were in respect of single men in certified occupations, but the Tribunal were aware of the fact that being in a certified occupation was not of itself sufficient ground for exemption. Prima facie it was, but it was open to the Military Representative to ask the Tribunal to consider whether it was necessary in the national interest that the men should continue in those occupations. It was for that reason that those cases were brought before them. As they were aware the married men were being called up and it was in the judgment of his committee manifestly unfair that any single man should be left out without having his case considered. The Chairman said that was quite sufficient and satisfactory and they would take the cases singly and then retire to consider each case. A SHOEMAKER'S CASE. In the case in which Mr S. Garratt had successfully applied on behalf of Augustus Brookes, a shoe maker, Mr Best said there was a married man working on the premises and four boys, and the proprietor himself was a practical man and quite able to do the work if necessary. Under the circumstances, and having regard to the need of the nation, he maintained that it was no longer necessary that this man should be retained is the occupation. There were plenty of other repairers in the town and there would be no difficulty as regards the needs of the place, even if it was necessary to distribute the work. Questioned by Mr Best, Brookes said he attested in November and he had the intention of serving when he did so. What holds you back ?-I have been doigg my duty in civil life for my employer. M r Garratt said he appealed in the first place because they were doing military work: the man he was also in a reserved occupation. Brookes was the only practical man he had except the manager, who attended to other duties. He was also teaching the boys and it was impossible to get other men to fill vacancies in the boot trade. He thought his man was doing more useful work with him than if he was at the front. Mr Best What military work do you do ?—Regular work for the Yeomanry and some special work for the Barracks: and this is the only practical man I have to do it. Two of my men have joined the Army. I have a contract with the Yeomanry to do the work of repairing the boots. Mr Best You have another attested man in the trade ?—Yes. And the other attested man who is married intends appealing ?—Yes. And' therefore it is a question between this man and your manager ?—Yes. A BUTCHER'S ASSISTANT. The next case reviewed was that in which Messrs Elston and Co., butchers, had been successful in gaining an exemption for an assistant named Mitchell. Mr Best (to Mitchell) When did you attest ?-In December. And you attested with the view of serving in the Army ?—1 thought I was indispen- sable to my master's business. You were not aware at the time that a slaughterer would be in a reserved occupation ?-I did not know at the time. You are willing to go now if your master can let you ?-Ob, yes. Mr T. Elston spoke of the work which was carried out at the shop and the inconvenience which would be caused if the man was taken away. They as a family bad made some sacrifices and his brother, who managed the business, was now serving abroad. This man was the only practical or skilled man they had on the premises and as he (the speaker) had to do more of the W' management of the business now it would 'be very awkward if the man were taken away. He left the matter entirely in the hands of the Tribunal. If the Tribunal thought that the man was more useful in the army he asked them to give as much time as possible before he was called up till after the May fair possible. Mr Best said he was quite willing to consent to a temporary exemption to the extent. A MILK VENDOR. In the case of Cyril William Bufton, milk vendor, who had been placed in a reserved occupation. Mr Best said there was a younger brother at home who was under 19 years of age, and it was thought that there was no necessity for two men to be kept there. On the previous occasion Mr Bufton, sen. told them that he was employed by the Tredegar Estate and did no work on the farm. He (Mr Best) now understood that Mr Bufton was only a part time man on the Estate. In reply to Mr Best, Mr Bufton said he did no work on the farm and the boys had to look after the dairy work, which was regular work be could not attend to. Questioned by Mr Best. Cyril Wm. Bufton said he attested in January last. Did you attest with the intention of serving ?—With the intention of appealing. Mr Best You are one of those who wanted to be patriotic on the cheap. (Laughter). Mr Edwin Davies (a member of the Tribunal) asked Mr Best if he had any returns that he could place before them of the men in the different trades in Brecon who had joined the army.
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CLYDACH.
CLYDACH. FUNERAL.—The funeral of Mrs Powell, wife of Mr John Powell, of Railway Side, Clydacb, took place on March 23rd, the place of burial beicg the Llanwenerth Baptist Cburcbard. The deceased, who was 67 years of age, bad lived in the neighbourhood the whole of her life and was greatly respected. She had been a consistent member of Bethlehem Baptist Church for many years. The Rev W Rees (pastor) held a short service at the house, and also officiated at the chapel and the graveside. The duties of undertaker were carried out by Mr W Phillips, Waenavon. The following were tbe mournera: Mr John Powell (husband), Messrs F & J Powell (sonFl), Mr and Mrs A Owens, Abergavenny (son-in law aud dughtcr); Mr and Mrs W Powell (son and daughter-in-law) Mr and Mrs G Wbit- combe, Blaenavon (brother-in-law and sister), Mr and Mrs D M Evens (nephew and niece), Mr and MrR G Williams (nephew and niece). Mr find Mrs G J House (nephew and niece), Mr Morgan-Williams, lVlrH E Hook, Mrs E EBgland (nephews and nieces), Messrs W Powell, T Powell, and W Williams, Mr and Mrs M Richards (couslits),
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ISCHOOL MEDICAL INSPECTION.
SCHOOL MEDICAL INSPECTION. Following Up" in Breconshire Handicapped by War Conditions. Dr Rbys Davies, the temporary school medical officer for Breccnehire. has issued his report on ecboci medical inspection in 1915. The printed report is shorter than usual, tor reason of economy, The position generally was greatly affected by Dr Colston Williams (county and school medical officer) joining the Army in March, and by a number of nurses taking up military service. Dr Rbys Davies only took up the duties of his office at the begionina of June. In all 1508 infants and 1008 leavers wevo inspected during a first examination and 1023 were re-examined for 1508 defects. The Hle- sight of over 2000 extra children were examined and it was found that 206 of these required spectacles. Dr Davies goes on to say:—I regret very little following-up work was done in 1915. The four whole-time nurses did Rome 1914 work before leaving, and Nurse Lewis worked uufcil the end of July. The three part-time nurses visited 17 rural schools monthly throughout the year in the districts of Llwynroadoc, Llanwrtyd, and Devynnock. There is uo indication at present that the ordinary shft will soon retura. Some other means ought therefore to be found of carrying oat this important work. Can the attendance officers aBsiBt ? Some of the teachers? Members of the Red Croes Society ? Inspectors of the N.S.P.C.C. ? Oc some voluntary helpers ? At present there is no intermediary except the attendance officer between the Education Authority and the bomep. INDIFFERENCE OF PARENTS. The re-examinations throw much light on the views the parents taka of the ailments of their children. During the year, they were informed by means of printed notioes, that 1508 defects requiring treatment bad been discovered by the medical inspection; they were &sked to obtain treatment, and told of the object of the re examination which was to take place later in the year. I regret that less Chan 25 per cent of the defects had received any treatment at the date of my second visit. This compares very unfavourably with the results obtained in some other parts of she country, as shown by the aanual report of the Board of Education for 1914. In Anglesey, 70 defects out of every 100 wore treated in Gloucester 81 in Newport 57; in Swansea 61 in Wrexham 75; in Burton-on-Trent 82; in Acton 85 in Bootle 89 in Torquay 95. It is well to remember thao many of the defects found, such as dirty Leads and bodies, can, and ought to be, treated by the mother. Thus, out of 217 dirty beads and bodies notified, only 92 were cleansed. Moat of the dirty heads ocurred among the older girls; and these, one cannot help remarking, had attended school for eight or ten years. Surely, such a lack of self-respect is a poor compliment to the moral teaching of our schools, cbWrches, and homes NATURE'S ETERNAL WAR. Many of the playgrounds are too small for ordinary school games. The older children have to seek additional room on the roads and in the fields to the annoyance of the public and the farmer. Too often they monopolize the playground and rob the younger childrt n of their rights. In this way, a spirit of selfish- ness is easily engendered in the older, and of submission to an injustice in the younger. The surface and under drainage are often unsatisfactory. Drains are placed in the middle and not at the sides of playgrounds. These fail to carry the water away quickly enough and large pools form in the oentre. Loose stones, heaps of cinders, and par's of old desks are often seen. It is not an un- common sight to find nettles, brambles, docks and thistles forming a wide and bold border along the boundary walls or hedges. The playground water-tap from which the children drink without the use of mugo is a source of danger and of bad behaviour. In a few schools the drinking water is obtained from an open well at the road side, and in ens instance from a well in a chorcbyard. Filters are expensive, and are not recommended on other grounds. In some schools a canful of fresh clean water is provided every morniDg, and the children are taught the proper use of drinking cups. A ROSY VIEW. The playgroaada might bo much improved without incurring any expanse. A hilJt from the bead teacher to the older boys, and the provision of a spade or two, would clear the ground of nettles and brambles, docks and thistles in a very short time. One school coacerfc would furnish enough money to bay shrubs, roses, and flowers for a now border, and ivy and creepers for the walls. The school and its surroundings would, in a year or two, become bright and cheerful, and not, as at present, bare and depressing. HOW A DELICATE CHILD WAS WRAPPED UP. The clothing of the children was very satisfactory, though a few were overclothed. One delicate little girl had nine layers of clothes on her ohest, the lowest being a layer of wadding, The dangerous habit of leaving the knees of little children bare is not common in this county. The beads of many were not clean, though in a few schools no nits were found in the hair of a single child. It is instructive to compare I the condition of the beads of Breconshire children with that of some other counties. In eight county areas having an average attendance of 157,001 children, the percentage having nits in the hair is 8 9. In towns it is muoh higher, and in London reaches the high figure of 19'9. In Breconshire it is 9 6. The cloakrooms are seldom under properly organized supervision, and are generally very dirty. Clean towels and soap are seldom provided. The washing basins are too few, and the water supply often inadequate. B CHILDREN WELL FED. The children are very well nourished. Over 98 per oent. are classed as normal" and and "Excellent," and less than two per cent "below norml" and "bad." These figures are exceptionally high, and it was a relief to me to find them corroborated in Dr Colston Williams' report for 1914. We differ by less than J per cent. The average percentage for hutritioqr throughout the county is-Ii normal and excellent," 90 per cent; below normal and bad," 10 per cent. There are 383 per oent of children with sound teeth, and 21'8 per cent. have from four or more decayed teeth. Of 292.523 children examined in various parts of the country, 25*95 per oent. suffer from four or more decayed teeth. No elaborate and esipensiae Daetboda are required to keep the teeth clean. I recom- mended the daily use of a tooth brush, soap and water. DEFECTS OF VISION. Tbc. e is s large number of children in Ifce county requiring spectacles. No arrangements are made at present for refraction work. The problem of treatment of defective vision as well as of all other detects is not difficult of solution in the three industrial oentrea within lihe county, but it is so in the thinly populated rural districts. It must, however, be solved sooner or later. Taking the tables as a whole, we are justified in concluding that in nutrition, in acuteness of hearing, and the sound state of the teetb, Breconshire children are better than the average: and that they are not below the average in other physical conditions.
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BRECON BOROUGH TRIBUNAL.
Mr Best said he had not. A certain number of men were in reserved occupations under the Ministry of Munitions and until their cases had been gone into with the Minister of Munitions they coull not be touched. Mr Edwin Davies All these men whom we have had before us to-night are in trades which deal out food to the people. Does it not occur to you that they are in trades which are of national importance. Mr Best: Undoubtedly they are of national importance, but you have to consider whether these men are necessary in their several trades or in the Army and if they can be spared. You have also to consider whether any real attempt has been made to substitute these men over military age. Mr Davies Can you give us any idea of the number of men in the Barracks who have been there since the outbreak of the war ? Mr Best No, that. is not within my province. A BAKER WHO BAKES FOR TROOPS. T. B. Arnold, baker, the Watton, told Mr Best that he attested with the intention of serving in the A.S.C. on a baker but now he was assisting his uncle to bake for the troops in Brecon. Mr Arnold said his nephew assisted him in the business and he was under a contract to supply the Barracks, Slwch camp and the detention prison with bread. He had to deliver the bread at those places and thought his nephew was serving his country quite as much by assisting him to bake for the troops at home as he would do if he were in the Army. He had other persons assisting him in the business. Afterwards the Tribunal retired to con- sider the cases in private and on their return the Chairman announced that in view of the fact that several married groups were called up, they could do no other than withdraw their previous decisions of exemption until May 8th that would be over May fair. The Chairman added that there was a right of appeal to the County Tribunal. FATHER'S DEFENCE OF HIS SON. I' The case of Melville Trew, son of Mr T. E. Trew, J.P, was next reviewed. The father is a member of the Tribunal, but of course did not sit in this case. Mr Best: When did you attest ?-In December. Did you attest with the intention of serving ?—With the intention of serving, but I knew I was indispensable to my father and with the idea of appealing to the Tribunal. And you really attested thinking you would get off ?— Mr T. E. Trew: I think it is very wrong of you to put that question. You know very well that young men attested because they were advised by the Government to do so, and if they did not they were threatened with conscription and I don't think a young man ought to be branded as a coward because he attested. (Applause from the audience). Mr Best: I don't wish to brand anyone aa a coward, but it is my duty to ascertain reasons why men attested. Mr Trew You are doing ao. Mr Best said it followed that if Mr Trew did not attest he would come under the Military Service Act. What is it you actually do in the business, Mr Trew ?-I do all the cutting out in the business, and look after the books. I have nobody aRbe shop. Mrs Trew is there ?-She comes in some- times. My father is oat slaughtering all day and buying stock. He is in the shop occasion, ally on Fridays. Is your brother in the shop ?-No, never. Yoa have a man ?—Yes, but he does not assist in the shop; be drives out and looks after the horses. How long have you been in the barinee-ti P- About sixteen years. What would happen if you were ill ?-I don't know what wonid I-t&ppen. Questioned by Mr Be&t, Mr T E Trew siid anotber son looked after the farm, and had been exempted from military service for that reason. He (Mr Tre vv) did not take any part j ,n the management of the farm. His son J njver did any slaughtering; he did that himself, and he believed they would have to ] travel the wbolo of England and Wales to ficd a man of bis ago, 75, who did that.; as any rate, they could be reckoned on one's fingers. (Applause.) A PATHETIC SPEECH. Mr Best: It is a great credit to yoa. Are I avy of your sons eerviDg ?—Ta^rp is cue going I and I was delighted to bear it. I have never influenced him in any way to go or Dot to go. Some think that you favoured me the last I time. loan say that I have never mentioned my son's case to any of the members of the Tribunal, and I have not gone behind some- one's back to influence anybody. I have never hinted injthe least;about my case. I have left it entirely in your bands. It was more than 120 years since my grandfather established the business, and we have supplied houses in the county for ever 100 years. It would be a pity if my children were robbed of that business, and I see no alternative whatever but Bhut up shop if my son has to o, Speaking with emotion, Mr Trew Baid If you must have him, take me instead. (Applauso.) I ana not at all unpatriotic. When years ngo there wss a war scare I joined the Yoinnteers and served for 24 years. (Applause.) I can use a rifle now better than he can. (Laogbter.) Later, Mr Truw pointed out that exemptions could be granted 00 the gronnd that serious hardship wouid ensaii if ths man were called up for Army service owing to his financial or business obligation or domestic position. Mr Best said tbat meant hardship to the man himself sud not to bis employer. SHOP MANAGER'S CASE. The Star Tea Company appealed on behalf of their manager, Mr Francis, who is a single man, and one of the Company's inspectors appeared in support of the application. It was stated that the company had spared a very large number of their staff from their various branches, and it would be a great hard- ship if their managers were taken away. The Chairman said the Tribunal had care- fully considered the two cases and they were not goiag to make fish of one and fowl of the other. In the case of Mr Trew, the absolute exemption certificate would be withdrawn 8Dq an extension graotei in both cases until May 8th.