The Cardigan Bay Visitor

TO TOURISTS, VISITORS, & OTHERS. WILLIAM PUGH, MAENGWYN STREET, MACHYNLLETH. MANUFACTURER OF REAL WELSH LINSEYS FLANNELS, BLANKETS, WEBS, TWEED. CLOTH, HOSIERY, & YARNS. And a variety of heavy double Twisted Shirtings plain &nd fancy. |- jg MR J. J. DAVIES, OF MALDWYN HOUSE, MACHYNLLETH, Has Two Houses to Let, one at Corns and one at Machynlleth, or Apartments. EVAN JONE»i BOOK STATIONER, & FANCY WAREHOUSE MAENGWYN ST., -NIACHYNLLETH, FISHING Tackles, Photographic Views of .L Town and District, Guide Books, Vocabularies, &c., always in stock. EAGLE TEA WAREHOUSE, MACHYNLLETH. THOMAS BREES, GROCER AND PROVISION MERCHANT. DEALER IN FOREIGN AND BRITISH WINES. Agent for Edwards Ringer's and Co's., celeblated Bristol Tobaccos. All gooda sold at Stores. Phcet for Caah E. REES, FAMILY AND DISPENSING CHEMIST, MACHYNLLETH, (Member of the, Pharmaceutical Society.) Beg» to inform the Public that all Physicians Prescriptions and family recipes, entrusted to him, will roceire his personal attention, and will be carefully prepared from the Best and Purest of Drugs. Has always on Hand a Stock of Select per- fumery and Toilet Requisites. Crosse and Blackwell and B. Lazenby's Pickles, Sauces, &c. Trout, Sewin, and Salmon Flieg adapted for the neighbourhood fishing, and all Fishing Tackle. SPECIAL NOTICE. SUMMER FASHIONS, 1887. RICHARD REES, GENERAL DRAPERY ESTABLISHMENT, PARIS HOUSK. MACHYNLLETH. Has great pleasure to announce that his Spring and Summen purchases are now complete having secured some p Choicest Goods, produced for the present season. A Magnificent collection of the newest fashions in the Various Departments. [166. LION HOTEL, MACHYNLLETH, UNDER NEW PROPRIETORSHIP. MR. W F. HELBY has Re-opened the above Hotel, for Commercial Gentlemen Tourists, and Fishing Parties. The Hotel is in close proximity to the It-yers Dovey and Dulas, which are famed for their Salmon and Trout Fishing. CHARGES MODERATE. POSTING, GOOD STABLING. HEADQUARTERS OF THE C. T. C. Distances -—Best route for Cader Idris, via Talyllyn, 10 miles, Corris, 6, Braichgoch, 6, Aberdovey, 10, Aberystwyth, 18, Dolgelley, 17, Llyfnant Valley to Cwmrhaiadr Waterfalls, 6, Pennal, 4. MANAGERESS—MISS ROBERTS. WYNNSTAY SAUCE. GUARANTEED to be made from pure and wholesome ingredients. Promoting Digestion and 11 stimulating the apetite. For all kinds of Fish' Game, Chops, Steaks, Soups, Stews, Gravies, Hot and Cold Meats, &c. This excellent Sauce is prepared from the choicest ingredients, and will be found unequalled for imparting an exquisite relish to Hot, Cold, and made Dishes. Prepared only by HUGH DANTIE, S Manufacturing Ckemist, Machynlleth. Sold at Aberystwyth by JOHN JAMES, the Stores, and T. POWELL & C#. [193 OLD POST OFFICE, MACHYNLLETH. W. M. JONES, DRAPER AND SILK MERCER Stock of the Snowdon WliitllH feiiawls fcnd Welsh Flannels always on hand. J. M. BREEZE, DOVEY NEW HOUSE, MACHYNLLETH, SELLS the finest Teas and Coffees at lowest prices. Horao-oured Hum and Bacons always in stook. Bread and Confectionery. Âhle, Flour, Oats, Beans, Corn, &c., &e. Agent for Messrs. Golding and Co.'s Celebrated Dublin Manure. [17 -I J. B. DAVIES, IRON AND BRASS FOUNDER, MILLWRIGHT AND ENGINEER, ROCK FOUNDRY, MACKYNLLETH. Manufacturer of Mining and Quarry Machinery, Water Wheels, Cranes, Weighing Machines, Iram i WaggeD', b., Agricultural Implements, IreD. Rail- ings, Gates, Ac. Casting* of orory description made toordo#. omiin Work in all its branches. ESTIMATES FOR ALL KIND OF IRON WORK. DAVID DAVIES, TAILOR AND DRAPER, MAGLONA HOUSE, MACHYNLLETH. Orders neatly and promptly executed. Geed Steak of Patterns. [183 SBASONABI.S SPECIALITIES. GLYCEIZINE & CUGUSIBEK. POR Tca HANDS AND COMPLMIOBf, COOLS the Face suid Uanda, and £ .11 exposed to hot wi, aad eradicates. Krcckles, Tan, Sunburn, Stints of Insect*, 4c.. a»d is perfectly free from metalic ingredients in bottloc M. aad is. I Tickets and Licensed for the I*ovev Fisliinv JOHN THOMAS, 169] FAMILY & DISPKNSING CHEMIST, MACHYNLLETH. HUGH LUMLEY, COAL & LIME MERCHANT, MACHYNLLETH, BEGS to inform the Visitors and Tourists that he has a splendid Boat for hire. Trips made down the river from Derwenlas to Aberdovey, and baok. Reasonable Faroa. [162 JOHN J. JOIN ES, LONDON HOUSE, MACHYNLLETH. DRAPER, HATTER AND OUTFITTER. IMMENSE VARIETY OF ALL KINDS OF READY MADE CLOTHING. MR. C. WILLIAMS, WYNNSTAY HOUSE, MACHYNLLETH. APARTMENTS 10 LET. [1M MORRIS THOMAS, CHEMIST AND DRAPER, CORRIS, HAS ON SALB A LARGM ASSORTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CORRIS, DULAS VALLEY, TALY- LLYN LAKE, AND CADER InRIS.

DR WILLIAMS' SCHOOL, DOLGELLEY. The Rer. Daniel Williams, D.D., a native ef Wromlaam, by his Will dated in 1711, devised his estate* to eharitable uses, and, amongst other objects, that of the improvement ef education in Wales. The trustees of the charity decided' to apply these funds towards the establishment and maintenance of a public school for girls it North Wales. Early in 1874, an offer was i made to the town •{ Carnarvon t» devote the funds at their disposal towards the maintenance of a school there, upon condition that a sum of A:1,000 was provided and that a site of two acres of land was made part oi the property of the school branch of the trust. This 0iter was not accepted by Carnarvon, and, in May, 1874, an application was made from Dolgelley to Mr Samuel Holland, then member of Parliament for the County of Merioneth with a view to a similar offer being made to Dolgelley. On the 20th Octaber, 1874, a public meeting was held at the Shire Hall, Dolgelley, immediately after the close of the financial business of the Quarter Sessions Promises of liberal subscriptions were then nude, which encouraged the promoters to take up the pro posal. Ultimately a site of two acres of lanti was secured about a quarter of a mile from the town, in a beautiful and romantic situation, on rising ground above the river Wnion, and overlooked, at a distance of a few miles, by the Cader Idris range of mountains. 1 ;uild- ings were erected for the accommodation of boarders, as well as day-scholars, and upwards of f4 GOO has been expended in making the buildings and surround- ing pi-eiiiisei suitable for the purposes of the school. The school buildings comprise a spacious schoolroom with class-rooms and a kitchen for teaching practical cookery, in addition to the usual kitchens, sitting rooms, dining hall, dormitories, &c., all of which have been built with special regard to ventilation, drainage, and sanitary requirements. The playground and the recreation ground, with lawn tennis courts, &c., are large and commodious. There is accommodation for sixty day' scholars and forty boarders (the boarders being restricted to this number), who are continually under the personal supervision of the head mistress and of her assistant teachers, all of whom reside on the premises. The following constitute the staff of teachers, namely :—Head mistress, Miss Fewings assisted by Miss Moakes, Intermediate Mus. Bac., Loud. Miss Thompson, London and Cambridge Universities; Miss Blackinur, Certificated Student (B.A.), Girton College, Cambridge and Miss Price, first-class diploma for cookery and scientific dressmak- ing; Mr Morgan W. Griffith, professor of music, attends daily to teach instrumental music. The school course includes religious instruction; reading; writing arithmetic mathematics book-keeping English Igraniiiiar, composition, and literature history; geography French German Latin natural science; drawing theory of music harmony and class sirging Calisthenic exercises needlework domestic economy, and practical cookery or such of the above or other subjects as the Governors, with due regard to particular circumstances, may determine; instrumental iiiiusic, Litin. and German, are extras. The work i of the pupils is tested by public exam [nera at periodical examinations. Reports of progreM attendance, and conduct are sent to parents at the end of every term. Pupils are prepared for the I Universities local, and civil service examinations, and there are also classes under the science and art department, and large numbers of the pupils fi om time to time obtain certificates. The school was favourably noticed in the report of the Commissioners appointed by Parliament to enquire into Intermediate and Higher Education in Wales, and is managed under the supervision of a body of governors, of whom six are nominated by the trustees of the charity for a term of ten years, and four arc elected by the School Board for Dolgelley for a term of three years.—The present i governors are:—Samuel Holland, Esq., of Caerdeon, Docllcy, chairman, and Mrs Holland, Mrs Darbishire, of Nantlle, Carnarvon, J. E. Greaves,"Esq., of Bron- ieiiion, Criccieth, Edward Griffith, Esq., of Springfield, Dolgelley, W. D. Jeremy, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn. London, Mrs Jones, of Dolgelley, Edward Jones, Esq., (M.D., of Cae'rffynon, Dolgelley, Miss Roberts, of 1 Brynmair, Dolgelley, and H. Robertson, Esq., of Palfc Hall, Corwen, Mr W. R. Davies, Dolgelley, is clerk to the governors. The governors hold their meetings on the premises at frequent intervals, and inspect the general arrangements of the school, and discharge the responsibilities of their trust in pursuance of a code of regulations contained in the printed Scheme of Management," drawn up by the Charity Commissioners and appaoved by her Majesty the Queen in Council, on (the 2Sth June, 1875. This scheme, amongst otherpro- visions, authorises the Governors to award two Exhibi- ltions of E25 each yearly, "tenable at any college or place for the higher education of women," also to award not fewer than six scholarships, tenable at the school, which entitle the holders to entire exemption trom the payment of tuition fees." In consequence of the school buildings, grounds, and premises being the property of the trust, and being in the receipt of a con- siderable annual endowment, the Governors are enabled to offer an exceptionally high class educatioii -PT&O- tical, thorough, and of elevated moral tone—at a very 'moderate fee comparatively. The following are the fees (payable in advance)Entrance fee, 5s. Two or more sisters, 2s. 6d. each day pupils, j:4 per annum, 1 6s. Sd. per term for stationery, use of books etes weekly boarders, C26 per annum, and 6s. per term for [ washing boardeis, £ 30 per annum, and 12s. per term for washing extras,—pianoforte tuition, Latin and t German, each t I per term. Further particulars may be obtained on application to the Clerk to the I Governors, or to the Head Mistress.

PLYNUMON LAKg, JllAOHnlLLETB (for luformation see Supplement.) I I M WX"AMFI SCHOOL, I oamus (far Information see SuppLamootO

of Cardiganshire slope down to the sea in what appear ? 1?erc hlll°cks, and suggest a wide table-land • ?s UP into hill and valley by the action of water through many ages. The monument Srtwmas f aidlstinct object, and the hotel at amnpL nKtf enough to make refreshment m pYPrfi™ map i W1th no great expenditure of time Hills tVio ,T," 11 ^r., Wris, Snowdon, the Breiddin of Salop and HerefordeIre° T' "i'i th" T!f mouta.in'l wh!ch is 2,469 feet high, afford views in- Cardigan Bay St °( SCenfry- Iu many directions, »S^t™>ge.8+Shannd. rd lakes Tor the east of the C-lr Wlth,n the range of vision. To descent, Llyn LWl' pY I'0"1 the head °f a/tefP Aberystwyth wate- « the source of t1he scent is ;Ibont on;; is first seen. The de- whioh is ihr>nf i the shores of the lake, in a trre-if >,„n acres in extent, and is situated «e rockv V>Q • w.ln the mountain. Three sides of oken intr, I"1, ?1Se a^most perpendicularly, and is rocks which cra8s, an(1 over-hanging ledges of ovvinrr +n +1 mPress the spectator all the more The lato -1C con^racted space in which the lake lies, nature of Y+ S° warfe<1 by the cliffs, and by the diffionl+iT i suri'oundings, that visitors have great them ;= oi n re n§ that the sheet of water before B V6?,acre8 in ^tent. about- •< keidol takes it rise from the lake, and, rirnlpt fy11 e,a a from its source, receives a inorpnoo^0^1 he east- A mile further on the river is imrf r.f +u an°ther stream flowing from the western tohv ;il Vn°Unvail1-. At Devil's Bridge it is added that which makes the celebrated talis at anrl filli '-x "ver then runs through a wider valley and finds its way into the sea at Aberystwyth, at a stance of eighteen miles from the source, it i« f*tensive morasses on the mountain, and 'lf m earlier periods of Welsh history flint m°rasses were the scene of many a bloody con- t/i 1*1 f11 i °umei"ous trenches filled with slain are f,„ „_OU. on 1,s heights. In latter times, the war- is in +v,m °n between the Prince of Powis and others is in the i-ecollectioil of those versed in Welsh history. havp U4-' ^18 sai^that Owen Glyndwr, who seems to Gromuron and to have been a sort of Welsh •.ttfrnn+n 1 earlier date, made his stand when he held hr l!; ° reSain the sovereignty of the country ^nSthe ^eSt0rS- The bards of Wales delight in nieuntain tlle lege"d that it was on this Pendencp r»f w i16 ast struggle was made for the inde- widero^n W1ales" There is no district which affords wIder or more beautiful scenes, and if those scenes for artists*51" vn they would afford ample material MaWT?ivi°WuI1|' e?^racts from a report made in 1879 by an th* PI °v Local Government Board Inspector, been !^Jnin0"WaterScheme(whichscheme has since show w(, + ° a cost of close upon £ 20,000), will now possesses :Cellent of water Aberystwyth *s a growing town, the rateable value "*»«wing at the rate of about £ 500 a year. It Bor*nl»«S S01?e ^vantages that should make it a KahoU seaside resort in both summer and winter. It *ueitered from the east aiid north winds, stands on subsoil, and has some of the finest scenery in j» e°™try within a short distance, the famous Z^V.a bridge being only about twelve miles away. I 14ention these facts in order that the importance of a pure and abundant supply for the town maybe properly understood. Aberystwyth cannot develop into a first- Watering-place until the Town Council have pro- vided the first essential for health. The ratepayers are fully alive to the necessity for a good scheme, but until lately there has been very little unanimity on the subject. I will now describe the scheme according to the wWence of the Engineer given at the Inquiry, and the plans and estimates before the Board. The source of supply is the Llyn Llygad Rheidol Lake, situated on Mount Plynlimon, 16} miles from Aberystwyth, and about 1,650 feet above the sea. The accompanying photographs will give the Board an idea of the wild nAture of the country, and the remote possibility of the Source being polluted. I visited the locality the day after the Inquiry. The area of the lake is 11, acres, ita gr-test depth 60 feet, and the available storage frtST01 j 8uPP08*ng the bank is raised as proposed one 40- yi, et °* w*ter is drawn off, is nearly Tnt« -1'? • ^a, ns. The present population of Aber- AUwinffV 7,500, rising in summer to 12,000. -—i gallons per head per di«in, the present MTO of the town are about 240,000 gallons daily, or, y, » round numbers, a quarter of a million. If it Py°vide 500,000 a day, the storage 'wiD be neCeli8a.ry to provide 500,000 a day, the storage toRA »y f the lake, viz., 40,000,000, will be equivalent Thia a?Ti 8npply for the prospective population. fc £ \w n° r.ain were to fall on the mountain Htolv + of time, a supposition hardly ever 5^/ e reahzed. PlynUmmon is about 2,500 feet WaW rpfa' an(i is the highest peak in this part of A,, lhe warm winds irom the sou'th-west and co">g laden with moisture, impinge on Plyn- limmon and, their temperature being suddenly reduced from their contract with the cold mountain, copious falls of dew and rain take place. The lake is actually fed with rain that falls on the very summit of Plyn- limon, and it would only be in a most extraordinary season of drought that no rain would fall for more than 21 months. According to the evidence at the Inquiry, it seems that the lake is also fed by springs, for there is always some water flowing away from it. Gaugings taken in the months of June, July, August and Sep- tember last show an average discharge of 1,500,000 gallons daily, the minimum even amounting to as much as 800,000 gallons. By raising the sides of the lake the whole of this water could easily be impounded and made available, and the supply would then be sufficient for a town three or four times the size of Aberystwyth. Every foot in height that the sides of the lake are raised will give an extra capacity of more than 3,500,000 gallons, so that if 12 feet extra depth of water were impounded, the available supply would be more than doubled-in other words, there would be sufficient water for the prospective population for 160 days. This will, no doubt, satisfy the Board as to the capacity of the lake, but the question still remains as to whether the gathering ground would supply the quantity of water required. According to the evidence, the area draining into the lake is 133 acres. The actual rainfall is not known. In the Hyetographical Map of the British Isles, prepared for the Rivers Pollution Commission by Mr G. J. Symons (the first authority on the sub- ject), the rainfall on the Plynlimon range is put at over 75 inches. This does not mean that it may not be 100 inches or more, but simply signifies that it exceeds 75 inches. The rainfall for the year 1878 at the Nantiago Lead Mine, at the level of from 800 to 1 000 feet below Plynlimon, was 92 inches. My own opinion is that the rainfall might even be as much as 120 inches or more at such a great elevation as 2,500 feet above the sea, and so close to it; but the Engineer has assumed that the moderate rainfall of 60 inches would only be available. In any case nearly the whole of the rainfall would flow into the lake. Very little would be lost by evaporation, the slopes of the mountain being so great that the water runs off most rapidly, and very little would be lost by percola- tion, as the mountain consists of Bala Rock, the upper member of the lower silurian beds, a hard and more or less impermeable formation. If, then, 60 inches only be taken as the available rainfall over 133 acres, the quantity flowing into the lake would be over 180,000,000 gallons, very nearly a year's supply at 500,000 gallons daily. "If the available rainfall be 100 inches per annum (and this accords more with the gaugings of the out- flow from the lake taken during the last summer), the lake would receive about 300,000,000 gallons yearly, or more than sufficient for a town three times the size of Aberystwyth at present. If more water than this were required, it would be easy to secure it by means of catch-water drains leading to the lake from the other side of the mountain, but I cannot conceive that the time will ever arrive for this. Considered, there- fore, with reference both to the capacity of the lake and the rainfall on the gathering round, the available supply is, in my opinion, ample, not only for the pre- sent, but for the future wants of Aberystwyth. Regarding the quality of the water, Dr Frankland reports that "it is clear, palatable, wholesome, and of most excellent quality for dietetic purposes it is also very soft, and therefore well suitod for washing." The following table shews the analysis in detail. I have also given for comparison analyses of the waters from Thirlmere, Loch Katrine, and the Bala Lake, taken from the report of the Rivers Pollution Com- mission. IN PARTS PER 100,000. J I E 2 = df a ^5 o w 5 S 3^5- « |» ? 8 ■§ ;g g3 S I | _§! g §|| | I 3°" I | S 3 tH o 3 o u o 21,-3 a o EH 00 » HOioSOH Llyn Llyjad Rhtidol 1-30 1'91 -02* 0 0 '023 0 "80 -79 Thirlmere t o* -«04 001 02 -003 0 *52 *70 Loch Katrine. J"40 t"8i '022 0M. 0 *023 0 "85 "90 Bala Lake 1*79 t'tl "001 001 0 '002 0 "73 *40