The Chester Courant and Advertiser for North Wales

J THE VALUATION BILL: CONFERENCE AT RHYL.—On Tuesday a meeting was held at the Alexandra Hotel, Rhyl, of representatives of the Union Assessment Committees of North Wales, to consider the provisions of the Valuation Bill, 1904. Mr. Simon Jones, of the Wrexham Union, was voted to the chair. The bill was considered in detail, and a lengthy discussion took place.' There was general agreement expressed with the principle of one rating authority for all purposes, but a very pronounced difference of opinion as to the constitu- tion of that authority. It was generally felt that to attach this additional work to the duties already imposed on county councils would be to render the bill practically inoperative. Among the suggested amendments were that the union areas be preserved for valuation purposes that the Assessment Com- mittee be constituted as hitherto, with the addition of representatives of the county councils, town councils, and urban and rural district councils in the union, the surveyor of taxes having a right to be present at any meeting of the committee, but not to vote. CHESTER WELSH SOCIETY-The annual general meeting of the Cymdeithas Cymry Caer (Chester Welsh Society) was held on Thursday in the Free Library. Mr. W. Alun Davies (chair- man of the committee) presided. The treasurer's Ireport for the past session shewed that the society's financial position had improved, the credit balance being considerably in excess of that at the open- ing of the session. The retiring officers were ac- oorded votes of thanks for their services. Mr. John Anwyl was unanimously elected president for the coming year. TRe following were elected viee-prcsidants:—Colonel E. Evans-Lloyd, J.P., Alderman J. Roberts, the Rev. R. A. Thomas, M.A.. Messrs. J. Benn, R. J. Davies, W. Twiston Davies, J.P.. Henry Jones. R. Mills, Morys Parry, and Evan Williams. The following were ap- pointed to form the general. committee:-The Rev. H. Ivor Jones, the Rev. Wm. Jones, the Rev. O. Alban Thomas, Dr. Lloyd Roberts, Messrs. W. Alun Davies, T. Edwards, H. J. Hughes, E. Hughes. O. R. Jones, R. Arthur Jones, R. T. Morgan. John Owens, R. Westry Roberts, J. Lewis Thomas, Daniel Williams, T. T Alfred Wil- liams. The question of the North Wales Univer- sity College permanent building fund was men- tioned. A representative committee was appointed, with power to add to their number, to make ar- rangements for giving practical support to the scheme, and a small sub-committee was also ap- pointed to consider and report upon the proposal to publish a history of the society.

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THE CHURCHES. ♦ CHESTER CONSISTORY COURT. WEDNESDA Y.-Before the Rev. Canon Cooper Soott. NEW ORGAN FOR HOOLE. The Rev. F. Anderson, vicar, and Messrs. Frank Coveney and Thomas William Chalton, wardens, of All Saints', Hoole, applied for permission to re- move the present organ and erect a new organ in lieu thereof; to alter the present vestry screen, making a new doorway; and other minor altera- tions which had been approved by the vestry. The expense would be defrayed by voluntary con- tributions and the sale of the old organ. The accommodation would not be diminished by more than three sittings, and the church would, by the proposed alterations and the new organ, be made more suitable and convenient for divine service. The cost would be ;6650.-Caion Cooper Scott said he happened to be in Hooie Church not long ago and heard their organ. He had no difficulty in decreeing the faculty in the terms of the cita- tion. AN ASHTON-ON-MERSEY ALTERATION. The Rev. Abraham Mendel Hertzberg, rector, and Messrs. James Robert Lee and Thomas Owen and Robert Arthur Newton, wardens of the parish church of St. Martin, Ashton-on-Mersey, were given permission to remove the old seats from the west end gallery and to re-seat the gallery with oak seats. The vestry had approved of the alter- ations, the expense of which would be defrayed by voluntary contributions. The accommodation would be increased by about half-a-dozen seats.— The cost was estimated at 265. A HYDE- IMPROVEMENT. The Rev. Horace Stephens, vicar of the new parish of Godley-cum-Newton Green, Hyde, ap- plied for a faculty confirming an agreement en- tered into by him (with the consent of the Lord Bishop of Chester as ordinary and patron of the vicarage) with the Corporation of Hyde for en- abling the Corporation to widen Sheffield-road, Hyde, by appropriating and throwing into the roadway a piece of land containing 61 square yards or thereabouts, being the frontage to Sheffielcf-road of the house and residence and globe land belong- ing to the benefice of Godley-cum-Newton Green. It was represented that the road was very de- sirable as a public improvement, and would be an advantage and improvement to the house of residence. The expenses connected with the im- provement would be defrayed by the Corporation. —The faculty was decreed. The Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos on Thursday afternoon laid the foundation stone of the chancel of St. Swithin's, Hither-green, which is being erected at a cost of £4,500, £ 2,000 of which has been promised. Earl Egerton of Tatton was absent through indisposition. The Bishop of Liverpool, preaching at Oxford University on Sunday, said everywhere was upheaval and unrest. In the Far East a Christian and European Power was battling with an Asiatic and heathen foe, and all were striving to forsee what would be the end. In their own land vast wealth and hideous squalor, shameful luxury and gaunt hunger lived side by side, and presented a problem of which the wisdom of man could not at present see the solution. WELSHMEN WHO PREFER ENGLAND. At a meeting of subscribers to the North Wales Baptist College on Wednesday at Bangor, a com- plaint was made that the students were prone to accepting English pastorates in preference to re- maining at home. Dr. Abel Parry thought that those students who vere supported at the college by poor churches ought to make a sacrihce and remain in their own country. Alderman Cory, Cardiff, thought English-speaking people needed the pure, unadulterated Gospel, and Dr. Wittoll Da.vies pointed out that they sent missionaries to India, why not to England ? RECTORY OF LIVERPOOL. To the influential rectory of Liverpool, the patronage of which has long been held by the late Mr. Gladstone's family, the Rev. Stephen Glad- stone has appointed the Rev. J. A. Kempthorne, M A., rector of Gateshead. Mr. Kempthorne, who is a brilliant Cambridge scholar, a zealous parish priest, and one of the best preachers in the North Country, recently left England lor a four months' mission tour in South Africa. ECCLESIASTICAL APPOINTMENTS. On Friday afternoon the Bishop of Chester licensed the following to assistant curacies:—The Rev. E. K. Ambrose, M.A., to St. Johns, Altrincham; the Rev. F. A. La Trobe, B.A., to Tarvin; the Rev. S. Woods, B.A., St. Stephen's, Flowery Fisld, Newton, near Hyde i and the Rev. E. J. Pope, M.A.. to Eastham. DEATH OF CANON BURNSIDK The sudden death is announced, following an operation, of the Rev. Canon Burnside, honorary editor ol the "Church of England Year Book" and vicar of Hertingtordbury, in the diocese of St. Albans. Since 1872 Mr. Burnside s labour of love in the compilation of the Year Book has placed the whole Church under a deep obligation to his memory. He was ordained deacon m 1868 and advanced to the priesthood two yeard later.

INCOMES HP1 TRT?. f!T,FJRftY EARL EGERTON'8 MEETING. APPEAL BY THE PRIMATE. Earl Egerton of Tatton presided on Wednesday afternoon at a meeting which he had convened at his town residence in St. Jamee's-square, to consider the present needs of the Queen Victoria Clergy Fund. Among those who attended were the Archbishop of Canterbury, Viscount Cross, Lord Barnard, Lord Cottleeloe, Sir Samuel Hoare, M.P., Sir R. C. Jobb, M.P., Mr. H. Tolle- macne, M.P., etc. Earl Egerton said he had called that meeting in °5 ,er lay before the Archbishop the present 6tate ot the fund, and to take counsel on any measures for promoting its objects. They had distributed during the last soven years £ 152,250 which, after all, was only about one-tenth of what was required to meet the first claims of the clergy to an adequate income. Owing to the decrease in the value of tithe the clergy had lost greatly, but while they had suffered, the people, owing to the low price of corn, had benefited largely, and he thought, therefore, they ought toi maice up to the clergy what they had lost by tithe. (Hear hear.) There was considerable inequality in the support given to the fund by the different dioceses, not oo much from want of zeal, but owing to ignorance and a lack of knowledge of the facts. The fund was essentially a lay fund, and therefore it was to the laity they must look for combined action. At the same time, the laity would not move unless the Bishops or ecolesi- astical leaders took the trouble to put some pres- sure upon them. Tho amalgamation of agricul- tural parishes would no doubt be of great advan- tage; but there were difficulties in the way of carrying out such a scheme. The diocese* of Manchester, Liverpool, and Chester were not nearly so badly off in this matter as some of the dioceses. In his own county he helped Bishop Jacobson in starting a fund 25 years ago, and a great deal had been done to assist the poorer clergy. In Manchester they were fortunate in having a revenue from the ancient parish of from £ 25,000 to £ 30,000 a year, with which they were able to provide the clergy with an inoome of £ 250 per year. That was what they ought to expect in the large towns. (Hear, hear.) Liverpool was the only diocese that had not joined the fund There they had set themselves the task of raisin* vln all the livings, some to £ 200 and others to L2,50 per year, according to the population, and they Thtd a °ut £ 1'« £ accomplish the work They all knew how difficult it was to obtain clergymen at the present time, but if proper Provi,do,d fchere would be no lack of candidates for holy orders The verv inT fl1"11 of £ 7.°°0,000 to £ 8,000,000 was spei annuaHyon Church purposes, and he believed that if it were better administered the clergy would be better provided for than they were Money was given now to secondary objects while the poorer clergy were starving. What was re- quired was better diocesan organisation and sys, tomatic finance, and if steps were taken to effect that object he believed that muoh good would arise from it-. (Applause.) n,7Jle i^bl-8h?P of Canterbury moved that the Queen Victoria Clergy Fund demands the further sympathy and support of all members of the Church of England. He said that the idea of a readjustment of clerical incomes as a means of readjustment of clerical incomes as a means of 6 r i'f questl01n of inadequately-paid benefices was a fallacious theory, and he noinW out that whereas in the course of reoent yeS SUmri1 kbe6u SiPent V1 the building of churches, Church schools, and the like, endow- lTv von!°r tj°+;CCr' £ ,7 tllemselves diminished vear by year, and they found themselves compelled to perform their duties upon incomes totally in- sufficient for the purpose. It was quite true that the ordinary skilled citizen was better paid than many parish priests. Indeed, the ordinary coach- man, gardener, or butler-taking into account his board, keep, etc.-was much better off than the average parson. Yet he (the Archbishop) Con- hS 5, fiGT f™m ,lay frionds letters asking ltmr f°r th4 Parishes. The usud preacher, and a JeSJemS, V8°°3 the''°a»malf'°nera]'.v not n).°™ 'haii £ 120. Vimij »po„sib,Ks. Stetter off tC .Tr»' Cross, Lord Armstror" °IJ nthatrvl ]SC°U,nt' spoke on behalf of thf'charity. S bdm als0

FIRE ON iA CHESHIRE LINE -On Saturday. spark from n • flre' U 18 supposed, to a fiercelv a^AP^fmg en??e- JIfc was soon burning to the fkmo T?0 dela5red for some time owing to the names (shooting across the line amoni? th« trains stopped being the Glasgow to Euston exfress The two engines of this train played on thrfW; The two engines of this train played on the flames extinguished, but not befnm f0 pletely destroyed. the hay was com"

THE TEACHING OF WELSH. SCHOOL INSPECTOR'S VIEWS. A conference of managers and teachers of the provided schools of the Barmouth district was held at Barmouth on Friday, when an address was de- livered by Mr. Darlington, inspector of schools. Mr. Darlington said that the secondary and primary grades were more closely connected in Wales than 111 England. The county schools de- pended on the elementary schools for their scholars, and the elementary schools depended on the county schools for their teachers. Dealing with the teaching of Welsh in the schools, he said they should bear in mind the importance of a thorough knowledge of the English language to every Welsh child. English, besides being the most widespread commercial language, was the key to one of the greatest literatures of the world. There were only three great literatures—Greek. French, and English; and he did not iesitato to say if he thought the teaching of Welsh would be, in any measure in the way of imparting a thorough knowledge of English he would strongly advocate the exclusion of Welsh from the schools. This question was not, after all. a question of the life or death of the Welsh language, particularly in a county like Merioneth. There had been a tendency of late years to treat this question as if it depended on the school and not on the home. An attempt had been made in the English-speaking districts of South Wales and elsewhere, but not with much success, to teach Welsh to the children :n the schools who are not taught the language at home. The question in Merioneth and other coun- ties similarly situated was how to make Welsh an instrument of development and culture. The elementary schools should not aim at too much All they could do was to enable the child to read and write its own language. To teach the gram- mar and so forth was the work of the county schools and the colleges. Moreover, Welsh must be taught not only as an object of instruction. but also as a medium of instruction. He would sug- gest that the children should be taught to trans- late orally and in writing from English into Welsh rather than from Welsh into English. WTien teaching' tho child English the whole atmosphere should be as English as possible, but when teach- ing other subjects the teacher should use the language the child understood1 best He attached great importance to the moral value of putting the Welsh language in a place of dignity in the schools in Wales. It mattered not a little to the child to see his native tongue-the language of his parents, his home, and his country—respected.

FLINTSHIRE ASSIZES. A LIGHT CALENDAR. The Flint Summer Assizes were held at Mold on Saturday, before Mr. Justice Wills, who attended service at the parish church in the morning, accom- panied by Mr. Horace Mayhew, High Sheriff, and the Rev. G. F. Hodge (chaplain). In his charge to the Grand Jury (of which Mr. Thomas Bate was the foreman) his Lordship, after having congratulated the jury upon the scarcity of serious crime in the county, went on to make observations with regard to the Poor Prisoners Defence Act, as he had done at Ruthin and Carnar von. There was only one criminal case for hearing, and the charge preferred against Richard Griffiths, a commercial traveller, living at Holywell, of having assaulted a girl named Sarah Jane Abbot at Holywell on the 12th of May was not sustained, a verdict of not guilty being brought in, and the prisoner discharged. Mr. S. Moss, M.P. (instructed by Messrs. G. Hughes and Hughes, Flint), appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. Ellis Griffith, M.P. (instructed by Messrs. Brinley Jones and Co.), appeared for the defence. AN AMUSING SLANDER ACTION. An action for damages was brought against Thomas Foulkes, a farmer living near Holywell, by Mrs. Jane Hughes, a farmer's wife, living close by the defendant's farm. The plaintiff was repre- sented by Mr. S. Moss. M.P., and the defendant by Mr. Ellis Griffith, M.P. Mr. Moss said that the slander consisted in an accusation that the plaintiff, in or about the 10th of December, 1903, had stolen a pair of spectacles, two apples, and an orange. The defendant's wife of December, 1903, bad stolen a pair of spectacles, two apples, and an orange. The defendant's wife in December was taken ill, and Mrs. Hughes, the plaintiff, went to nurse her, and it was then that the defendant missed the spectacles and the fruit, which he accused the plaintiff of having stolen. The case created a great deal of amusement owing to the trivial nature of the things which were alleged to have been missed, and the contention of the defendant was that he never made such a charge against the plaintiff, and that he only looked at the loss of the spectacles as a dirty trick which had been played upon him. Mr. Griffith, for the defence, contended that there was no case, seeing that all along the defendant had denied making such a charge. He had done quite right, continued Mr. Griffith, in refusing to settle and in refusing to pay P,5 to charity, which was put up to give the case an odour of sanctity." He was also right in refusing to pay the preliminary costs which the plaintiff had contracted in consulting her solicitor, for costs had contracted in consulting her solicitor, for costs had lie jtiry t seemed e- e d fen ant the case ought never to have been brought into court.

DENBIGHSHIRE ASSIZES. The Summer Assizes for the county of Denbigh were opened at Ruthin on Tuesday, before Mr. Justice Wills. His lordship, in his charge to the grand jury, said the calendar was a very short one, but he was sorry to say a very disagreeable one.—John Robert Griffith (25), labourer, was changed on two indictmen for forging docu- ments with a view of obtaining goods from D. G. Wilson and John Jenkins, at Llanrwst, on the 8th February last. The Govenor of the prison said the prisoner was a military deserter, and in case of discharge would be handed over to the military authorities. The Judge said prisoner had already been four months in prison awaiting trial, and he would now be bound over in his own recognisances in the sum of £ 20 to come up for sentence when called upon.—John Roberts (42), labourer, pleaded not guilty to assaulting a woman aged seventy-five at Llanbedr, near Denbigh, on the 21st February. After a pro- tracted hearing, extending over several hours, the jury, after 40 minutes' deliberation, returned a verdict of not guilty, and the prisoner was dis- charged. At the Assizes on Wednesday, David Phillips (20), brick burner, and John William Jones (40), labourer, two respectably-attired persons, sur- rendered to their bail on a charge of being jointly ooncerned in attempting to assault Mary Elizabeth Jones, 14 years of age who is living with her parents at Stryt Issa, Ruabon. Both prisoners gave evidence on oath denying the charge. The Judge, in summing up, characterised the little girl prosecutrix as one of the most thorough little liars he had ever heard, and during his long ex- perience as a judge he did not think he had ever had such a shocking experience, and her evidence was such that, to use the proverbial phrase, they oould not hang a dog upon it. Upon the vital points in her evidence she had totally contradicted herself over and over again. After a short de- liberation, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and prisoners were discharged. The Judge, sitting with a common jury, heard a claim under the Employers' Liability Act, made by David Richard Williams, a carter, now of Colwyn Bay, for damages against Evan Hughes, a master carter, of Llanrwst. Plaintiff's evidence was that on the 20th August, 1902, after returning from a journey to Llanbedr with some beer barrels, he was on the point of taking the horse from the lorry when it attacked him, biting plain- tiff on the right arm just above the wrist, and shaking him about until he became unconscious- knocking him, in the meanwhile, against the wall. As a result of these injuries he was confined to bed for five weeks, after which he became an inmate of the Royal Infirmary, Liverpool, for a period of five months. Defendant said it was an instruction to the workmen that a muzzle should always be used on the horse, and it was their negligence if the order was not carried out. The jury, after a long retirement, gave a verdict for plaintiff, and assessed the damages at £ 175.

MR. CHAPLIN ON CHINESE LABOUR.— Mr. Henry Chaplin has published a statement to his constituents in which he replies to assertions made by the Radical candidate for the Sleaford division with regard to the Chinese labour ordin- ance. It was stated, among other things, that the coolie might be made to work on Sundays and holidays, that he could not go to a magistrate, and might be flogged or starved to death. Mr. Chaplin points out that in the ordinances it is expressly laid down that the coolie shall have six days' holiday in respect of Chinese religious feasts and Sundays also as days of rest; that a Government superintendent is appointed to watch over the treatment of the coolies and that they have a liberal scale of dietary laid down in detail by the ordinance. a OOMFORTETH LIKE SUNSHINE AFTER RAIN can truly be said of Horniman's Pure those who delight hi a reallv Good Cup OF IEA must use Horniman's do not allow your desire for cheapness to blind your eves to real merit. Sold by :-Chester: Mr. Alun Davies, 10, Common- hall-street (sole wholesale agent); Davies and Shepheard, Bridge-street Row; Co-op. Society; Cryer, 25, Christleton-road; Holborn Restaurant, 29 Foregate-street; Moss, 68, Brook-street. Neston, Lee, chemist. Little Sutton: Swindells, baker- Birkenhead Haywood, chemist. Rhuddlan Roberts, grocer. Upper Brighton Somerville. Bromborough Pool: Co-operative Society. Mynydd Isa Co-operative Society. Tattenhall Wilcox, grocer. Mold Junction: Co-operative Society grocer. Mold Junction: Co-operative Society Queen s Ferry: Spark's Stores. Hoole: Jones | and Davies, bakers, Wrexham :Felton, confectioner.

CLIMBING THE WORLD'S ROOF -+- REMARKABLE FACTS ABOUT THIBET. As a feat in military transport, Hannibal's famed passage of the Alps is dwarfed to insigni- ficance by comparison with what has been accom- plished by the little British army, which under the guise of a political and commercial mission, has invaded the forbidden land of Thibet. Starting from Singuri, in the warm plains below Darjeeling, very little above sea level, the expedition has climbed the Himalayas by the most stupendous natural staircase in the wcrld, despite obstacles that would have taxed the ingenuity of an experienced mountain goat, forcing its way upward into the region of the eternal snow and ice, threading its way through passes above the clouds, and camping in one place 16,000 feet above sea level, higher up than the summit of Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Europe. Mules failed them, camels succumbed, yaks perished by the thousand, but these indomitable soldiers, aided by Baltie coolies, pushed forward,, taking with them the guns and the stores where no four-footed animals could carry them and treading where feet of white men had never trod before. The passage of this British foroe into the here- tofore inaccessible land of dark mystery and fate- ful fascination constitutes the most brilliant achievement cf military mountaineering that his- tory records. Thibet wants to be let alone. And if there is one land under the sun where nature seems to have safeguarded that desire it is Thibet. Fenced round by almost impenetrable mountains, among the loftiest on the globe, this vast plateau, in ex- tent about eight times the area of Great Britain, is by reason of its altitude, ranging from 10,000 to 17,000 feet, absolutely devoid of almost every- thing that civilised man can covet. For the most part it is a treeless wilderness of dreary steppes —truly a forbidding as well as a forbidden land. a'1 I In 1890 the Thibetans raided the Indian vassal state of Sikkim. A British force drove them out. Then followed negotiations, not with Thibet, but wit-h Cluna, which exercises a suzerainty over JrhlP° lfT f6^tSwWaS a traty b>" W"ch China on fc.half of Thibet, agreed that' the restrictions to trade with India imposed by Thibet should be relaxed, and a new frontier market opened. The Thibetans paid little heed to the treaty. They did open a new frontier niarlce,on the top of an almost inaccessible, hill—and laughed over their joke. And in general they oontinucd to play the leave-me-alone game in the same old way. So things jogged along for years. The Indian Government recognised that the matter was not worth fussing about. Then it was dis- covered that a Russian agent, Dorgieff, who, be- ing a Mongolian Buddhist, was not subject to the operation of the European Exclusion Act, had established himself at Lhassa. Then the Dalai Lama, the sacred Yellow Pope of Thibet, despatched a mission to St. Petersburg. A Japanese traveller, who recently succeeded in reaching Lhassa and published hs impressions, declares that the serious faults of the Thibetans are only four in number-first, they are very lewd; second, they are incredibly dirty; third, they lie without limit; fourth, their taste in art runs chiefly to brass devils with protruding tongues. As to their virtues, the Jap says he made diligent search for them, but "failed to find anything which could be so described." The Thibetans are matrimonially a very econo- mical people, because their country does not con- tain subsistence for an increase of population. Hence the rule of one wife to several husbands. Their climate does not encourage ablutions. Accumulations of dirt they regard as a blessed and natural means of protection from the cold. By long training and the influence of heredity they have rendered their olfactory organs in- different to odours that a European would find absolutely unendurable. For lying they have a natural talent, which they assiduously cultivate. In their hodge-podge of a religion, which has very little genuine Buddhism left in it, devils play a more important part than deities. This accounts for their partiality for them. Sticking out the tongue with them, instead of being an in- sulting gesture, is a form of salutation which takes the place of the handshake. In proportion to the population, Lamassanes, ..1..1- --=-- as ineir monasteries are termed, are about as numerous as saloons in the centres of Anglo- Saxon civilisation. They are the most priest- ridden people on earth. One monk to a family is about the average. Most of their praying is done mechanically by means of praying wheels. It is in cursing they exert most energy and have the strongest abidng faith. They regard it as a means of national defence. Again and again they allowed the British expedition to thread its ant-like way through passes where a few resolute men might have held a whole army at bay, while from a safe distance they hurled maledictions upon it. And when they would have been wiser to have stuck to their imprecations they fought and were slaughtered. They got a postponement of the advance of the mission from Tuna while the Lamas held a. com- mination service at Guru, and for the space of j yS solemnly aQd devoutedly cursed, de- vaderT execrated, anatkemati ^d, and con- A 4. ri i British m- ii Uru British force turned up as fit. as a fiddle. And there it was that, resenting being disarmed, the Thibetans first tried a little fight- 1J1r> Hundreds of them were slain. One result of the expedition has been the dis- ing- Hundreds of them were slain. One result of the expedition has been the dis- covery of the filthiest town on earth. Phari is its name, which in the Thibet language means pig hill," a very appropriate designation, save that it necessitates some apologies to the pig. Nothing ever has been cleaned at Phari since it was built, and it is estimated that the fort is 400 years old. In the best quarters of the town, where the houses are two-storied, the accumula- ted filth rises to the first floor windows, and trenches have to be dug in the malodorous mess to reach the doors. "In the middle of the street, between the two banks of filth and offal," writes a correspondent, "runs a stinking channel which thaws daily. In it horns, bones, and skulls of various beasts eaten by the Thibetans lie till the dogs and ravens have picked them clean enough to be used in the mortared walls and thresholds. The stench is fearful. Half decayed corpses of dogs lie cuddled up with their mangy but sur- viving brothers and sisters, who do not resent the ravens. A curdled and filthy torrent flows market place and half-breed vaks shove the sore-eyed and moii+k ,,i j i aside to drink at it. The men anH c^lld:[en and faces alike, are as black as rUT611'!? ^es form a background to every scene Th never washed themselves. Thev^^1° wash themselves.. Ingrained d^to ^Z^°t that it would be impossible to describe, reduces what would otherwise be a clear, sallow-skinned but good-complexioned race to a collection of foul and grotesque negroes." Phari is 15,000 feet above sea level, and the fear- ful cold, accentuated often by an icy, grit-laden north wind, furnishes some palliation for this state of affairs. Water is obtainable only when the snow melts. The only available fuel is dried yak-dung. The acrid, greasy fumes of these fires coat the interiors of the squat hovels with layers of soot which are never removed and blacken the faces and gar- ments of the inmates. The married women of Thibet are oompelled to disfigure their brows and cheeks with kutch, a preparation resembling dried blood, and jt is probable they rather wel- come the dirt which conceals the signs of matri- monial bondage. If the Dalai Lama can not be induced in any other way to give heed to the British demands the expedition ultimately will push on to Lhassa itself, where he resides in the Red Palace which tops a long, white precipice of monastic walls ten sheer stories high. Then the veil of mystery which has long enshrouded this supreme head of Northern Buddhism will be torn aside. He is the first of a long line of child Dalai Lamas who has been allowed to attain to maturity, and nominally, at least, assume the reins of govern- ment. Most of his predecessors, if they did net die a natural death, were assassinated. Eight years, it is estimated, represents the average sur- vival in office of these unhappy children who have had greatness so strangely thrust upon them. During the minority of the Dalai Lamas affairs were managed by a desi, or regent to whose ap- pointment the sanction of China was necessary. The policy of assassination, therefore, assured the continued predominance of Chinese influence. I i r<u- t. lr^ attaining complete independence ot China that the Lammasarie hierarchy granted a natural lease of life to the present Grand Lama when he became of age in 1888. Thereby they got rid of the desi. But it has also aff-orded the Indian Government an excuse for insisting on direct negotiations with the Dalai Lami. At Shigatse, some two hundred miles- from the City of Mystery, there resides another Thibetan pontiff, the Grand Lama of Tashe-Lhunpo, who in former generations was supposed to represent the hightest reincarnation of Bhudda. He still has a considerable following, and it is darkly hinted that if other means of bringing the Dalai Lama to terms fail this rival pope °will be played w against him, and perhaps elevated by British bayonets to supreme power.—From the New Orieans "Times Democrat."

HOLLOW A Y'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.— More precious than Gold. Diarrb-a, dysentery and cholera are, through the summer's beat. carrying off the young, as the winter's cold destroys the aged. In the most acute case, where the internal medicines cannot be retained, the greatest relief will imme- diately result from rubbling Holloway's soothing Ointment over the abdomen. The friction should be frequent and brisk, to insure the penetration of a large portion of the unguent. This Ointment calms the excited peristaltic action and soothes the pain. Both vomiting and griping yield to it; where fruit or vegetables have originated-tbe malady, it is proper to remove all indigested matter from the bowels by a moderate dose of Holloway's Pills before the Ointment.

NATURAL HISTORY NOTES. (From "The Field.") CAT KILLING SNAKE. I own an ordinary black and white cat, and a few days ago she brought home a snake alive and ate the head off it, after which I measured it and it was 2ft. 4in. without the head. Is not this very unusual? I have heard of dogs killing snakes, but never oats. I should like to hear if any of your readers have known a similar case. —A. Dobson (Park Hall, Spink Hill, Chester- field). CUCKOO IN STONECHAT'S NEST. While walking over a large heath in north Nor- folk on June 8. I found a stonechat's nest in heather and furze, in which was an almost fully fledged young cuckoo. I identified the foster- parents, and four of their eggs were resting on the rim of the nest. This is, I think, a very un- common nest for the cuckoo to use, and is the first I have seen or heard of so employed.—W. S. Dods, Major (Thorpe, Norwich.) [The fol- lowing authors have recorded the occasional de- position of the cuckoo's egg in the nest of the stonechat: Prof. Newton. Mr. Dresser, Dr. E. Rey, Mr. Bidwell, and Mr. W. Bladen. The whinchat also, and the wheatenr have both been reported as foster-parents.—Ed.] OTTERS IN THE THAMES. I regret to hear that one of the very few otters left in the Thames has been destroyed by the keeper at Rushey Loc-k. The number of coarse fish in the Thames is immense, and the amount of damage caused by otters must be ve.ry small. The quantity of fish destroyed by the kingfishers, which lovers of the river are pleased to notice as increasing in numbers, is in the aggregate far greater than that effected by the otters. As re- gards Isaac Walton's disciplos, of which I am one, they may well take a leaf from the book of that tolerant old sportsmen and lover of nature, who, writing of otters, herons, and kingfishers (chap. II.), says: "I will leave them to be quarel- led with and killed by others, for I am not of a cruel nature I lovo to kill nothing but fish." It seems a pity that the Thames Conservancy does not discourage the killing of otters by its ser- vants.—Edgar Syers. SPARROWS AND FLIES. Your correspondent R. B. L's note of the 4th on this subject is interesting. I have seen spar- rows exhibit the same eagerness for flies, and did they but shew but equal zeal in attacking more noxious insects it would be more to the purpose. In 1891 sparrows used to come daily to the old Beachman's Company's shed, on the Marine Parade, in which I was at the time exhibiting a rorqual whale, picking out flies from the corners of the windows and adding to their number any spiders that were not well and safely hidden. Every summer small parties of sparrows repair to the sand dunes jn search of such coleopterous insects as abound there in the finer months. The way they quarter the ground shews considerable method. Some tame blak-hcaded prulls I kept constantly amused themselves catching flies as they buzzed arourd them, drawn into t)o¡:>j' domi- cile bv the aroma of the fragments of fish re- jected by the gulls. As the exercise was good for them. I occasionally rubbed a, fish-head roughly over the wires as a "draw" to the in- sects. or suspended a head by a bit of string.— A. Peterson (Yarmouth).

NEWS FROM EVERYWHERE. .—-—^ The death took place at Wishaw, North Britain, on Saturday, of Lady Lockhart, widow of the late Major-General Sir Græme Alexander Sinclair Lock- hart, Bart., who died last March. Lord George Hamilton, M.P., on Saturday laid the foundation stone of some new school buildings at the Commercial Travellers' School, Pinner, the ceremony being performed with full Masonic rites. The new buildings will cost £ 20,000. A woman, fined 40s. or a month at West London on Saturday, turned round promptly, and slapped a policeman's face. By the magistrate's orders she was at once charged with assault, and sentenced to two months' further imprisonment. In Bamberg (Bavaria) a boy of 14 years has been sent to prison for one week because, out of curiosity, he went to the Catholic confession and communion, although he was a Protestant. This conduct was considered an insult to the Roman Catholic Church. A Bristol lady recently lost a diamond ring, and a. sweeper who found it was rewarded by the owner with 5s. The owner further wrote to the man's employers, praising his honesty. The outcome was that the sweeper and his companion were stopped a day's pay for not reporting the matter. The death was announced on Saturday of Mrs. Ann Howells, at Resolven, near Neath, in her 106th year. In early life she worked at a pit head, and had a vivid recollection of the squads of Chartists drilling on Merthyr Mountain. She was married a second time when 90 years of age. The Marquis d'Audiffret Pasquier was fatally injured on Friday while driving in a motor-carat Brezolles. Owing to the bursting of a tyre the car, which was travelling at fifty-six miles an hour, was overturned, and the Marquis received such injuries that he succumbed on Saturday A youth named Maclntyre, 18 a pupil teacber in Langbank School, Greenock, was boating with three others in thotaOCreft gust of wind capsized the boat. Maclntyre's companions succeeded in hold- ing on to the capsized boat until rescued, but Maclntyre was drowned. A double drowning accident occurred at Guild- ford on Saturday. About four o'clock a youth named Boxall, aged 18, and a lad of 13, named Smith, were fishing in the Millpool, both having their boots and stockings off, when Smith got out of his depth. Boxall made a gallant but ineffectual attempt to rescue him, both being drowned. Smith was the son of a local builder. Mr. Duncan, the Transvaal Colonial Secretary, announced at a banquet that an agreement had been signed by Lord Milner and the Government of Mozambique restricting the privilege of free importation of Mozambique products into the Transvaal to articles chiefly composed of products of the soil. This removes a cause of complaint on the part of Natal and the Cape. It is officially announced at Johannesburg that Lord Milner has decided upon certain changes in the administration of the railway, involving the resignation of Sir Percy Girouard. An acting railway commissioner will propably be appointed, but the appointment will not be a permanent one, and will only continue pending a review of the whole system of control hitherto existing. The King and Queen attended the speechday at Wellington College on Saturday, and the Duke of Connaught presided on the occasion. His Majesty presented the King's Medal to the Head of the School, and in a brief speech expressed the interest he had always taken in the school. He wished success to it, and trusted that when the boys left it I and engaged in various professions, they would prove a credit to the great co'lege called after so great a man. Two trainloads of crippled people from Lanca- shire arrived at Glasgow on Saturday morning for treatment by William Rae, the collier professor of bloodless surgery, whose reported cures have made Blantyre well known. Extraordinary scenes were witnessed the previous midnight at Blackburn Station, where 400 afflicted people and their friends found the Midland express already filled with sufferers picked up at Manchester, Bolton and Darwen. A special train had to be employed to convey those left behind. Saturday being the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo, the Duke of Wellington journeyed to Windsor and handed to King Edward the flag annually presented by him to the Sovereign in virtue of his tenure of the Strathfieldsaye estates. Every anniversary of the battle of Waterloo a Duke of Wellington presents his Sovereign with such a flag-a small tncoloured one with a staff surmounted by an eagle. Blenheim, the Duke of Marlborough's splendid estate, is also held on condition that a "tenure flag" is presented each year to the Sovereign. A decision establishing the illegality of music piracy in the Isle of Man was given by the magis- trate at Douglas on Saturday. The Association for the Protection of Music Copyright prosecuted a local dealer for selling pirated music. For the' defence it was contended that under Manx law music was an impression from an engraving, and therefore did not need an imprint. The magistrate held that defendant was liable to a penalty of £5. As the penalty is for every copy sold or offered, this means that the Isle of Man is no longer a free field for the disposal of pirated music. Earl Roberts, honorary president of The I Pilgrims," was the guest of his fellow members at ttle annual dinner of the club held on Saturday evening, under the presidency of Mr. Choate. The American Ambassador, in proposing the toast of the evening, said the achievements and triumphs of Lord Roberts were almost as well known to Americans as their own. In his official and personal capacity he cordially invited their guest to visit the United States, assuring him that his reception would be of the warmest kind. In his reply, Lord Roberts said he hoped he should be able to accept the invitation at a not very distant date. The King has given his patronage to the Irish International Exhibition of 1906. The first of the Dublin exhibitions was held fifty-one years ago, and Queen Victoria, the Prince Consort, and the present King travelled specially to Ireland to visit it. Mr. Dargan, a benevolent Irishman, gave 980,000 to defray the expenses of the exhibition. The Queen visited Mr. Dargan at his home. He declined a title, and his statue stands on the site of the exhibition. The Queen and the Prince Consort went to another exhibition in Dublin eight years later. In 1865 the King, as Prince of Wales, opened another of the series, and the late Duke of Coburg opened one in 1872, when Earl Spencer was Viceroy and the Duke of Devonshire Chief Secretary. The exhibition of 1882 was not under Royal patronage.

At Flintshire Assizes at Mold, on Saturday, there was only one prisoner for trial, and the Judge, in charging the Grand Jury, congratulated the county en its iniiaiunity frosa sasious crime,

STONING SALMON IN THE LUXE. db At Lancaster, on Thursday, Thomas Gardner Thompson, junr., and James Thompson, millers, sons of the owner of the Skerton fishery, were charged, along with a man named Aldren, a labourer, with attempting to kill salmon otherwise than by a legal instrument. About 4.30 last Friday morning the two Thompsons were seen throwing stones at fish in the mill race, evidently driving them underneath the mill where they could be caught, and Aldren was at the top of the race assisting. As the fish were driven up he ran into the mill, and the water was turned on. One salmon was found very much injured about the head, and there were other fish there as well. The defendant, T. G. Thompson, had been seen throwing stones into the race in a similar way on the Tuesday and Thursday mornings. Mr. J. T. Sanderson, who prosecuted, said the mill race was a perfect nuisance to the Fishery Board, and many people had been convicted of taking salmon from it or interfering with them there The Thompsons, being licensed fishermen, should set a different example to the general public. The defence was that the men were driving the fish out of the race and not towards the mill. The Thompsons were fined £ 5 each and costs, and the other man £1 and costs.

CZAR'S CONVICT EMPLOYE. THE ORIGIN OF A SENSATIONAL STORY The St. Petersburg correspondent of the "Tageblatt" relates an interesting episode, which, he also says, is the only foundation for the sensa- tional statement recently made in a London news- paper that two infernal machines were found in the private apartments of the Czar's palace. A few days ago the Czar was walking with his daughters in the grounds surrounding the palace, when suddenly a man employed in the gardens approached his Majesty, and, knling clown a short distance off, held out a petition. With his usual cordiality the Czar went up to the man, asked his name and what he wanted, and was considerably surprised to hear I am an escaped convict from Siberia who implores your Majesty's gracious pardon." In- quiries proved the truth of the gardener's extra- ordinary statement. After escaping from Siberia he had wandered to St Petersburg, where, relying on a false passport, he had sought work. Strangely enough, he was taken on as a casual labourer in the park at Tsarskoe Selo. His industry and sobriety were noticed, and he was soon given regular work and fixed wages in the Imperia) greenhouses. His Majesty was interested in the man, and gave orders that he should not be punished.

BRITISH BLUEJACKETS IN ROME. RECEPTION BY THE POPE. Two hundred and thirty British bluejackets, accompanied by forty officers and under the com- mand of Lieutenant Garnett. of the battleship Formidable, arrived in Rome on Saturday and marched to the Vatican in full uniform and in parade formation. On their way they met King Victor Emmanuel, who was returning from the opening of a museum. The King stopped to admire the martial and orderly bearing of the men, and the British officers saluted his Majesty, who returned the salute and then proceeded. Tho bluejackets, on entering the Basilica. were re- ceived at the portico by Mgr. Giles, Mgr. Prior, and a number of British residents. After kneel- ing at the tomb of the Apostles the party heard Mass in St. Gregory's Chapel, Father Bellasis, of the Oratorio, being the celebrant. The Mass was served by a seaman and a petty officer. Before receiving the sailors the Pope gave private audience to Lady Compton Domvile. the wife of the Admiral commanding the Mediterranean Fleet, and her three daughters; Captain Hender- son, of the battleship Irresistible: and Colonel Downing, who was presented by Mgr. Prior. His Holiness then received the sailors in the Hall of Geographical Maps. He gave each man his hand to kiss and presented each with a silver medal, afterwards delivering a short address, in the course of which he said: I thank your illustrious Admiral and all your superiors for having allowed you to come here, thus procuring for me the pleasure of seeing and blessing so many of mv good children. 1 offer every prayer to the Almighty for the prosperity and long life of your august Sovereign and for the British Royal Family, and also for your wise Govern- ment, to which I owe my thanks for having granted you Roman Catholic chaplains, and also for the protection it extends to the interests of Roman Catholic missionaries. Moreover. I invoke all the blessings of Heaven upon you among the many dangers in which you live, wishing you may never come to any harm, but be always victorious." The Pope then bestowed his benediction on all present and their relatives.

APPALLING DISASTER. • EXCURSION STEAMER ABLAZE. on board, mostly women and children, the excursion steamer General Slocum sailed from New York at nine o'clock in the morning, bound for the picnic grounds on Long Island Sound. The festivity was organised by the St. Mark's Lutheran Church of New York. and the steamboat, a triple decker with lightly-built upper works, was crowded. A fire broke out on board, and a high wind spread the flames with terrible celerity. The vessel was in a part of the river known as Hell Gate, hemmed in by rocks, and it was therefore impossible to drive her ashore. She proceeded at full speed up the stream to the nearest river island, but in the meantime panic broke out, and distracted mothers threw their children overboard and leaped into the water after them. The awful position was intensified by the collapse of the hurricane deck, which precipi- tated numbers of the passengers on to those crowded beneath. When the vessel at last reached the shallows she took the ground some distance from the bank, and many of those remaining on board who had escaped being burned or crushed to death were drowned within a few yards of safety. Over 600 bodies have been recovered, and the total loss is about 900 lives. DISCREDITABLE INCIDENTS. A correspondent of the Daily Telegraph" writes:—Some discreditable incidents, which contrast strangely with the heroic rescue efforts I have already reported, are coming to light. They include the robbery of dead bodies by human r' ghouls who found them on the shore at night. In front of the morgue on Friday a number of unseemly wrangles occurred on the part of rival undertakers. Many richlessly-dressed men and women, moved by morbid curiosity, were at the morgue for nothing else than to look at the harvest of fire and water. The steamboat Grand Republic, sister-ship to the General Slocum, both of which are owned by the Knickerbocker Steam- boat Company, a private Corporation, went up the East River on Saturday morning with a large ex- cursion party aboard, her band playing and flags flying. As the vessel passed the scene of the disaster and came abreast the barge on which the divers were trying to recover the bodies, the divers shouted to the captain of the Grand Re- public to slow down a little, as the wash from his vessel, going at full speed, was liable to interfere with the work of rescue. The captain of the Grand Republic refused to do so! Side by side with the gruesome revelations of the disaster there has arisen a growing desire, almost ferocious in its intensity, to fix the blame for at least some portion of this unexampled loss of life. With this object, three separate investigations have been begun, the result of which may convey some use- ful lessons, not only to America, but to the world. DUE TO OFFICIAL CORRUPTION. ROTTEN FIRE HOSE AND "LIFE BELTS" THAT SANK. Very serious allegations against the authorities are made by the "Times" correspondent. "The accident." he says, adds one more to the list of disasters directly due to official corruption; and, like the Iroquois Theatre fire, like the Darlington Hotel collapse, like dozens of other less terrible disasters during the last few months, could have been prevented if the provisions of the law had been respected and if the sworn agents of the laws had seen that they were carried out. "Some months ago the owner of certain har- bour boat,- was asked by a newspaper reporter aDout t.no condition ot his flotilla. He replied. My boats ought to be well equipped, for I do not bribe the inspectors.' The life belts of the General Slocum, when thrown into the water, sank like so many stones, and when ripped open they displayed a mixture of sodden cork and glue, no more buoyant than so much dirt. The fire hose on board the boat was rotten, and although the crew got out three lines immediately after the alarm was given, each burst within a few seconds. The life boats were fastened down by wire and could not be moved. Every safeguard on the vessel was a mockery."

EXCITING SCENE AT STOCKPORT.—On Saturday afternoon a boating fatality occurred at Messrs. Sykes' reservoir, Edgeley, Stockport. About 3 o'clock two small rowing boats collided, and the occupants, four in number, were thrown into the water. A scene of great excitement followed, and hundreds of spectators, who were at the neigh- bouring sports, at once rushed to the scene. Detective-Sergt. Lee and Constables Davis and Eades at once divested themselves of their clothing and dived into the water and succeeded in rescuing three of the drowning people. The other could not be found, but the policemen continued to dive for the body, and twenty minutes later it was recovered and taken to the island in the centre of the reservoir. Artificial respiration was tried for thirty minutes without success. Deceased was identified as Joseph Jackson (19), a clerk, of Lacy Green, Wilmslow. The other rescued persons' names have not yet been discovered, but they hailed from Moss Side, Mauchesttr.

"DEAD" MAN RETURNS. 0 WHO WAS INTERRED? A fortnight ago Mrs. Gobbett, of Greenwich, mourned the death of her husband, and attended what she honestly believed was his funeral. On Saturday he walked into the house alive and well to the almost hysterical joy of his widow. John Gobbet, a bargeman, left his home two weeks ago, telling his wife that he had got a job which would take him as far as Colchester. On June 6 the body of a man. whose clothes stamped him as a waterman, was found in the Thames just by the Greenwich Causeway. Mrs. Gobbet went mortuary ajid identified the body, as also did Gobbet s father. Both wife and father were firmly oonvinced, and more so inasmuch that one of the legs of the drowned man was slightly de- formed. An inquest was held on the 10th. and two days later the deceased was buried, amid much grief, at Nunhead Cemetery, Gobbet's father paying the expenses of the funeral as no insurance had been effected upon the life of his at11' r. lday evei"ng a letter was received by Mrs. Gobbet, enclosing a postal order purporting to have come from her husband, and stating that some delay had been experienced on the return jourioey from Colchester, but the barge Queen Alexandra, on which he was working. was ex- peeted to arrive at Greenwich the following day. Mrs. Gobbet refused to believe the letter to have come from her husband. It was not his hand- wnting she said. Her surprise can well be when °n Saturday afternoon, Trtered the d°°r of their home alive and well. The poor woman could hardly believe her eyes and nearly broke down with joY Al- most as much surprised, too, was her husband at the excitement, as this was the first intimation he had heard of his cwn "death." Mrs. Gobbet will now have to appear before a. magistrate. and swear an affidavit to the effect that the bodv com- mitted to the grave was not that of her husband.

ARMY AND VOLUNTEERS. 4 — CHESHIRE MILITIA.-In the 4th Cheshire Regiment W. G. O. Booker, gent., was on Friday gazetted second lieutenant. DENBIGHSHIRE HUSSARS.-The "Lon- don Gazette" of Friday night stated :-Denbigh- shire (Hussars) The following announcement is substituted for that which appeared in the "London Gazette," dated January 22. 1904:- Capt. C. E. Wynne-Eyton resigns his commission and is granted the hon. rank of major, with per- mission to wear the prescribed uniform. DISTINGUISHED SOLDIER DEAD.-General Sir John Ewart. K.C.B., died on Saturday at his resi- dence, Craigcleuch. near Langholm. Dumfries- shire. Deceased, who was 83 years of age last week, was one of the most distinguished officers which the Highland Regiments have produced. His chief honours were won in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny. ROYAL WELCH FUSILIERS' DINNER — The annual dinner of the Royal Welch Fusiliers took place on Thursday evening at the Hotel Metropole. There wene present: Generals Sir E. Buiwer and the Hon. S. Mostvn Maior-General Luke O'Connor. V.C. Colonels the Hon. P. H. Bertie and Sir Howard Vincent M.P. Lieut.- Colonels A Lowrv Cole, B. H. Phillips, Beres- fo:d Ash H. Clough Taylor, and George Hutton; Majors Sir George F'orestier-Walker, C. M. Dobell, R. S. Webber, S G. Everitt H. J. Ma-d- ocks, and R. E. P. Gabbett; Captains F. Gerard, C. E. Bancroft, A. Flay. G. C R. C. Fenwick, H. H. Whiting, Higgon, and M'Mahon Mr. Geo. A. H. Howard: and Lieutenants G. H Gwyther, C. H. Dale. W. M. Kington DSO. G. J. P. Geiger, W. G Vyvyan. Herbert Maddick. M. Jones. G. F. Hutton, Walter Llovd. R. N. Phil- lips, H. J. Phillips, and Sir Francis C. Price. RETURN OF THE MILITIA.-On Satur- day morning the 3rd Battalion of the Cheshire Regiment (Militia) arrived at the Castle from Conway, where they have been under- &I 1 lmt going their annual training. The regiment mus- tered over 500 strong. and the men presented a fine appearance as they marched through the city headed by the band. They covered in length the whole of Bridge-street. Colonel C. P. Lees was in oom- mand, with Colonel E. Jones, secona in command, Major Henderson, and 13 other officers. The re- cruits went into camp on May 9th, and the trained men on May 23rd, and since then they have completed a thorough oourse of training, of which musketry has been the principal feature, while tactical exercises have also occupied an im- portant share of the time. On Tuesday and Wed- nesday the regiment were inspected by Colonel A. E. Ommanney, commanding the 22nd regi- mental district. The health of the men has been good, and their conduct all that could be desired. The ccuncil of the borough of Conway marked I C-C their appreciation of their behaviour by resolution, and the colonel commandant also praised the men for it. On Saturday the men were dismissed, resuming again their civilian life. The battalion were ao- oorupunicd in by the- 4rh Battalion Cheshire Regiment, the 3rd and 4th Royal Lancaster, and the 5th and 6th Lancashire Fusiliers. The 4th (rauTih1^ r.?_? commencement of their 16th, when they will return to Maoclesfiefcf. +

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