The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

,ø ,1>,1> A NEW MODE OF PRODUCING WROUGHT OR MALLEABLE IRON DIRECT FROM THE ORE. TO THE EDITOR OF TH MININQ JOURNAL. SIR,—In last Saturday's Mining Journal an account is given of A New Mode of producing Wrought or 0 Malleable Iron direct from the Ore;" and it is further stated that a Mr W. N. Clay has patented the process. My object in now addressing vou is, to siate that Mr Clay's process, as described in your paper of the 12th inst., íi most undoubtedly not a new one, as some friends of mine adopted the same plan of metal- lising the red hematite of Cumberland thirty years ago, andafterwardssinking it down in a charcoal finery thereby producing iron of a very superior qu-ility-ill fact, some of it was converted into steel, and one of the parties had a razor made from the steel, which he has often told me was a very good one. The same parties, however, carried their experiments much far- ther than Mr Clay, for by continuing the heat for a ■longer period of time than was requisite to deoxidise theliaematite, and increasing likewise the proportion of charcoal, they succeeded in producing steel from the ore at one operation, though I believe the quality was not such as to warrant them in continuing the proeess. It will probably be asked if the making of malle- able iron directly from the ore was as successful as I have stated it to be, why was it discontinued? My reply to this question is, that I believe when the pro- cess came to be tried on a large scale, it was found, from the length of time and expense of fuel, &c., re- quired in proportion to the iron obtained, that it could not be afforded at such a price as to compete with the iron produced by the processes commonly adopted. How far Mr Clay's plan of using the waste beat from the ba ting furnaces, &c., may be the means of reducing the expense of the process I am not pre- pared to say, but I am very doubtful whether this tnode of obtaining iron can be carried on in the large Way with any ultimate prospect of succcss. From what I have here stated I think you will be convinced that Mr Clay's mode of producing wrought or malleable iron direct from the ore" is decidedly not a new one; and how far this may affect his patent you are more competent to decide than, Sir your obedient servant, ,J » onvfiT^rr HEADER.

COPY OF A LETTER TO THE POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS.—No. 3. GENTLEMEN,—In your letter of December the 10th, 1838, (No. 10,560 a) the receipt of certain de- positions, taken in this town before the Assistant Commissioner, Mr Senior, 011 the 2Sth of November, was acknowledged. At the earliest opportunity afforded by their at- tendance at the meetings of the local Board of the Neath Union, I in consequence applied to the Assis- tant Commissioner and the Chairman, for a copy of such deposition or depositions, understanding from them that I was therein concerned. Mr Senior in reply, referred me to the Auditor of the Union, as being authorized to attend on my be- half at the Castle Inn, on the 28th November, to hear such evidence, for which purpose I beg explicitly to aver that I never gave him any authority whatsoever. This misapprehension compels me again to apply to yourselves, Gentlemen, for a copy of the document in question, which derives importance, as far as concerns myself, from the excitement, (detailed in my last letter of the 1st December,) unfortunately attendant upon its signature by the Chairman of the Union. As I am still open to the attacks of anonymous mis. statements on the subject of the proceedings of the 28th, nothing short of your own reply can convince me that I shall be denied the means of repelling such attacks, by a copy of u the chargc," (if such exist in the deposition) now pending against myself. In the mean time, having before made some detailed observations on the New Workhouse of the Neatli Union, perhaps I may venture in the capacity of Rate Payer and Guardian, to offer a few further remarks, -lirst, on the plan and site of the house second, on the removal of the Paupers from their former to their present abode. Ist.-First, it may be noticed that although the Building Fund" is exhausted, and a considerable balance remains due to the builder, there has not been, hitherto, any careful companion, or final certifying of the work actually done as required by the plan and specification. IlIstead of this step, remedial measures and supplemental contrivances are of continual adop- tion, until it becomes daily more and more dimcult to distinguish between what was original in the plan, and what subsidiary and adventitious. It has been pro- posed that the plan of the 20th September, 1837, to whie'u is attached your signature and official seal, should tie suspended in the Bo ard Room, bill without success. Yet such plan might have formed a guide to those whose duty it may be to inspect the various portions of the building. Low as is the statu of our present funds, it is pro- posed to add a coal place, a scullery and a sufficient wash-house, or a mangling room, at a distance from the centre of the building; this will be rather incon- venient, for it is obvious that the fit situation for these appendages is near the kitchen. Under its Western wall there is room for the most material of these ad- ditions. Thither also, the bakehouse, now placed in the men's court (as in some other Union Houses,) might advantageously be removed. Throw down the cross walls of the triangular courts, unknown in other similar eel ifiles and which will inflict unusual re- straint, and mar the principle of uniformity, and theu these essential offices might he attached to the small kitchen and tend to obviate its ineoiimiodtousuess. As to the site, a cursory inspection must impress on everv observant visitor that the narrow limits between the Turnpike Road, and the Canal and River, have, unhappily, cramped and confined the whole laying- out and disposition of the structure. According to the opinion of some practical men, there is a not un- founded danger lest the loftier north-western pile of building should, from the sloping bank of gravel giving way, slide into the Canal beneath. According to 4th report (app. No. 3.) the Work- house is said to have been ordered to be built at an au- thorized outlay of £ 3,200 for 150 paupers; now there are onlv 3 sleeping rooms (sick ward inclusive) on the men's side, and a similar space divided into 4 apart- ments in the corresponding wing for the women, The dormitories are, therefore, much too small for the health of the inmates. Even crowding two in each bed, which, from the ill health of soma of the paupers, would be very inexpedient, it is difficult to perceive how more than 40 or 50 women could be accommo- dated. On the occurence of any epidemic, perhaps you would relax your regulations so far as to permit one of the men's chambers, not now used by them, to be set apart for female convalescents or other pa- tients as occasion would require, especially as there are no wards for those afflicted with infectious dis- ord ers. It is with surprize that 1 observe in the visitor's book an inadvertant report that the inmates are 4, perfectly healthy," as there are several suffering under some of the most distressing maladies to which the human frame is liable however the plan forbids that separation and seclusion of the sick, which is the best security for themselves as well as for their more fortunate neighbours. 2ndly.—On the other point to which I have pte- sumed to draw your attention my remarks shall be brief. It relates to the circumstances under which the paupers were removed to their present Labitation. At the commencement of the month of November, when the internal walls were still reeking with wet, when the female paupers in one of the betirooins-- without a fircplacc-deeiared that they brushed off the damp of their rough coverlid in the morning, after the deposit of a few hours, like dew from a meadow, (a circumstance that I have not known equalled in the haunts of the most squalid poverty,) while two months of the term of the old poor-house still remained un- expired, the paupers were brought into their new receptacle. This precipitancy cannot be palliated or disguised by an attack on those.who differ in opinion the plain fact is that before fire-places or stoves, seats or chairs, dressers or tables, before wash-house, bake house, drains, boundary wall, gates, or even doors were suf- ficiently provided and made rady,-it pleased your Assistant Commissioners to hurry in the poor of the Union and leave the walls to dry around them. On the same principle by which those who are not able bodied have, for so many months, been confincd to the dietary and hours of the able bodied, they were prematurely introduced to a building not then suitable for an age the most vigorous, or constitutions the most robust. Such temporary inconveniencas are, I am happy to add, in a fair way to be remedied and abated, but those of more serious import, arising from the original plan and defective site, do not admit of much remedy or alleviation, but must, it is to be feared, remain no less permanent than the fabric itself. Trusting that you will have the goodness to let me hear from vour secretary as to the depositions, I have the honour to remain, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, HENR Y n, KNIGHT. Neath, Jan. 18th, 1839. .# THE Loans OF THE TREASURY have been pleased to authorize the following allowances for deficiencies in foreign spirits in bond, until the pleasure of Par- liament shall be taken on the question. For every hundred gallons hydrometer proof, for any time not exceeding siz months, one gallon; exceeding six and not exceeding 18 months, three gallons exceeding IS months and not exceeding two years, five gallons exceeding two years and not exceeding two years and a-half, six gallons; exceeding two years and a-half and not exceeding three years, seven gallons; and for every additional year, two gallons. HUSTINGS.—The term Husting or Hustings, as ap- plied to the scaffold erected at elections, from which candidates addressed the electors, is derived from the Court of Hlisting, of Saxon origin and the most an- cient in the kingdom. Its name is acompoulld of hurs and ding; the former implying a house, and the latter a thing, cause, suit, or plea", whereby 'tis manifest that husting imports a house or hall, wnerein causes are heard and determined which is further evincec y the Saxon dingers or thinere, an advocate or lawyer. (Bus and thing (thong) a place enclosed, a building roped round.) MURCHISON'S 'SILURIAN SYSTEM-'— ]*a,v'no disco- vered that certain border counties of England auc Wales, the Siluria of Caraetacus, contained clear vi- dences of a succession of some of the most ancient strata in which organic remains o-cur, Mr Muichisoii has doyoted the last seven years in preparing this work, which is intended to show that the silurian region" may serve as the type of a normal group of hitherto unclassified deposits which there rise to the surface in successive ridges, and connect the coal formations and other overlying strata with t le o er slaty rocks. In pursuing this subject, Mr Mure nson coloured geologically the sheets of the Ordnance Survey of eleven counties, of which the large map now presented to the public is an exact reduction, and in which minute details are combined with new views of general classifications throughout thecountry. extending from the southern limits of Cheslllre tome extremity of Pembrokeshire. The first volume of this work, embracing descriptive geology and physi- cal geography, includes a full survey of the operations by which the surface of this part of Britain has passed from a sub-marine condition into dry land, and ex- plains how the present drainage has been effected, each subject being illustrated by views, wood-cuts, and coloured sections. In it the owners of the soil will also find a clear account of the tracts wherein coal may advantageously be sought for, as well as emphatic warnings against the repetition of many trials wlm-h have been made to find it amid the silurian" rocks. The second volume describes the organic remains of these ancient strata, nearly 400 species of which are represented in spirited etchings and highly wrought I i t hoerrn nl is.—Jthenaum,

MERTHYR. WATCHING AND LIGHTING. It was well asked by Mr MEYKICK, at the meeting convened yesterday week, why Mertllyr Tydvil should be behind towns of much less importance, in the race of improvement 1 People are ready to complain of the wrenching off of their knockers by night, and of other things which occur by day, ugly enough in their occurrence, but abominable in print. Those who heard Mr OVERTON'S few remarks will understand our allusion. We may add also, the disgraceful scenes which each returning Sunday presents as for instance, but a very short time since, we, in common with other church-going people, saw, close to the cbureh-yard. the fag end of aught in the middle of the street; and the pavement (such as it is!) bespattered with the blood of the combatants. The Curate also bears his testimony,—that he has had to come out of church when the Assistant Curate has been performing Di- vine Service, to nnd constables to quell the riotous and noisv proceedings carried on so vociferously as to disturb the devotions of our morning Welsh congregation. Why, then, we echo Mr Meyrick's query, is Merthyr to be behind hand in the race of civilization and improvement? It cannot be because there is no room for improvement. No! The only reason assigned was that Gellideg needed no lighting or watching; or if it did, it had taxes enough to pay already. With those who assert this we join issue. That hamlet is so interwoven with the others,—would so share in the improvement which the others would obtain,—is itself so much in need of that which in its behalf Mr Williams repudiates.that wecannotconceive for one moment the shadow of a reason which should exempt it from the operations of the Watching and Lighting Act, the shadow of a reason why it should he deemed advisable that it should he so exempt. To repeat that which was said at the meeting, and with- out casting the slightest reflection on that part of the parish,—is it in so much better condition that it does not stand in need of improvement? But again, some say watching may be all very well, hut lighting may surely be dispensed with. Amongst this number is Mr Job James. The fact being, that like his worthy namesake, whatever ills he meets with, whatever an- noyance from darkness, or deeds of darkness, he bears all with the patience of Job." The furnaces of Cyfarthfa and Penydarran afford him light enough — we suppose on the principle that a man of naturally dim vision cannot bear the near approach of light. It j suits him better at a distance. He would vote for glow-worms, a thousand times before gas. We say this in all good humour as no man knows better than Mr Job James how to take a joke. In sober serious- ness we doubt not he is desirous of sparing the pockets of many, who though operatives, we think, can well afford the pittance that would fall to their share to I contribute. We honour the motive; but we would ask him, and those who think with him, whether the outlay would not be more than returned, even to that class of society, in the improvement which could not fail of being effected ? The lessening of bad example to his family,-thc comfort and convenience afforded tuem 1-Again, with regard to tradesmen of any class, we would ask them,—can they expect decent families, who can by any means settle down any where else, to fix their residence in a place where public convenience and decency is wholly discarded ? It is a fact too well known that many such families do quit Merthyr and for this very reason; and we think it is a fact which should have its weight with all who are concerned in the pros- perity of the town. "#'#I># MERTHYR CRICKET CLUB BALL. This anxiously anticipated fete came off on Thurs- day, the 24th inst., at the Cflstle IlIn, The dancing commenced at half-past nine o'clock, when the merry country dance,—the more graceful quadrille, and in- teresting waltz followed each other in rapid succession Never,we may venture to say,were there congregated a more gay or brilliant assemblage. (Monmouthshire, Breconsbire, and Glamorganshire contributed their choicest belles, and proud may Cymry be of such a specimen. The invitations were ciiculated to a con- siderable distance; and amongst the numerous families of the neighbourhood, we observed Sir John and Lady Charlotte Guest, and several of the fair votaries of Terpsichore from a-far, who hon- oured the ball with their presence, and added an additional grace and etegance to the scene. The hall- room was decorated in a neat and appropriate manner; and ow 'tig to the arrangement of the Stewards, no more invitations were issued than the room would conveniently hold. At twelve o'clock, the refreshment room was thrown open, with every delicacy that could attract the eye and teinpt the palate profusely arranged under the able management and superintendence of the host and hostess. At oi)e., tite gay dance was again re- sumed, and continued with unahated vigour until the bright rays of Phasbus penetrated the illumined roof, and hastened the unwilling moment of departure, which all seemed so anxious to protract. We cannot help saying a few words in praise of the admirable conduct of the stewards -G, Overton and J. W. Russell, Esqrs., upon this occasion. They exerted themselves in every possible way to heighten the pleasures of the evening; and were perfectly successful in rendering the ball one of the best that has, perhaps, ever taken place in the Principality. WESLEYAN- METHODIST CRXTENAHY MEETIVO — A very numerous meeting of the members of this persuasion took place 011 I uesday evening last, in the Welsh Wesleyan Chapel, in this town, Mr W. James in the chair. After a short address from the chairman, the Rev. Mr Priest, in an eloquent speech, explained, at considerable length, the objects eontem platcd by the centellarv of Wesleyan Methodism. When this gentleman had concluded his speech, the Rev. J. Jenkins, gave a recapitulation of it in the Welsh language. The meeting was attended by the Revs. Mr Priest, of Bristol Barber, of Swansea; and Jenkins, of Cardiff, (instead of the Rev. R. Owen, who was unable to attend in consequence of illness); Messrs Every, of Nantyglo; Davies, of lIirwain; Kent, of Brecon; al"' Williams, of Merthyr, as deputations. The proceedings were highly interest- ing, and it was not until nearly ten o'clock that the meeting separated. At the dose of the nlPetin the liberal sum of £ 315 OJll., was subscribed by those present, and we hear that the whole sum collected up to this time amounts to £ 258 CORONER'S INQUEST.—On Thursday last, an Inquest was held on William Jeffreys, an agent in the Works of William Crawshay, Esq., Cyfartba, who died from a fit of apoplexy, on Monday last. He was going to his work that morning about 7 o'clock when he sud- denly fell down against the garden wall, and expired about 6 the same evening. Verdict, "Died by the visitation of God." GOOD POLICY.-Tho more quietly and peaceably we get on, the better for ourselves, the better for our neighbours. In nine cases out of ten the wisest policy is, if one cheat you, to quit dealing with him if he is abutivo,to quit his company: if he slanders you, so to live as that nobody will believe him no matter who he is, or how he misuses you, the wisest way is, generally, just let him alone. There is nothing better than this cool, calm, quiet way of dealing with the wrongs we meet. MERTHYR POLICE. [Before W. THOMAS, Fsquire.1 Evan Lewis, patchman, Penydarran, was committed for trial at the Assizes charged with stealing two shovels from the patch of Sylvanus Price, at Dowlais. The prisoner committed the theft in company with John Plank, a Cardiganshire man, who has absconded, and is supposed to have gone towards Nantyglo, from his having very recently worked there as railman. [Before WM. THOMAS, and GEO. MORGAN, Esqrs.] Herbert Price, engine tender, at Dowlais, was con- victed in the sum of 40s. and i osts for wilfully striking Theophilus Criswick with a piece of plank, whereby he was seriously injured, and in default of payment was committed for one calendar month. Security was afterwards given for the payment of the money. Application was made by Richard Johnson, Esq., on behalf of the Rhymney Iron Company, under the late act to facilitate the Recovery of Possession of Tene- ments," to recover possession of 2 cottages and gar- dens in the occupation of Jeremiah Lawrence and John Phelps, at Panty wain, in the parish of Gelliaer. The parties appeared, but not showing resasonable cause why possession should not be delivered up, several witnesses were examined to prove the right of the Company to the premises, by which it clearly appeared that the occupiers of those and other cottages had successively been, and had actually attorned, tenants since the year 1824, to the different Lessees of the property, of which the Marquess of Bute is the owner in fee. Tlje title set up by the occupiers was a I sort of family title, first assumed by tUefatlier of Jere- miiih Lawrence, in consequence ot the late Mr John- so' Oilt ol'coini),issioii to liis old age alid iDfiriniLies, ha v 1Il allo wpd him to occupy the premises for seve- ral years, rent free.. The Magistrates, without the slightest hesitation, issued their warrants to restore possession to the Company. [Before W. THOMAS, Esq.] Thomas Bishop, shoemaker, was committed to Car- diff) louse. of Correction, for 6 weeks, as a rogue and vagabond, for being found in the shop of Mr Marsden, at Bute, for an unlawful purpose to wit, for the pur- pose of committing felony.

J&OMNOUTTI0IUW» Our worthy and benevolent member, Mr Bailey, has, we understand, become the purchaser of the extensive property of Pembridge Castle, the Hills, and Newton estates, consisting of about three square 0 miles of land, near Monmouth.— Worcester Journal. THE WELSH AND THE BRETONS.—The following is a translation of an extract of a letter from the Count de la Villemarque to a Gentleman in Moumouth- shire:— Two months have elapsed since the Abergavenny Cymreigvddion, and it is still the theme of conversa- tion in France. The reunion of two people, separated for thirteen hundred years, who can sti) comprehend each other in the language used by their forefathers, appears to the French an idea very beautiful, and a fact veryextraordinary. The existence of bards, who, in the nineteenth century, seriously and exclusively follow their profession, and who sing the daring ex- ploits and generous achievements of their ancestors, to a harp whose antient form remains unchanged, is to them so strange a phenomenon, that they have been unable to divest themselves of the astonishment which it has occasioned. The high name of M. de la Martine, 'the Lord Byron of France,' and the poem which he composed in honour of the Welsh and the Bretons, have, above all, contributed to make them spoken of in France, and to fix the eye of public opinion 011 them. There is not a single French news- paper which has not made honourable mention of the Welsh festival. The Journal desDebats, the Courrier Frangais, the Temps, Constitutionel, the Journal General de France, the Gazette de France, the Quoti. dienne, the Journal de Commerce, and the different literary rovievs--all papers of all opinions-- have combined to pass on it the highest encomiums. It is useless to speak of private letters and of the congra- tulations constantly received from the most eminent persons by le Compte de la Villemarque, the envoy of the French Government to Wales. Those who have had occasion in their works to touch on the His- tory of the Welsh, appreciate their suffrages, and desire their approbation. Of this number is M Thierey, the immortal author of La Conquete de 1' Angleterrc par lcs Normands. lam happy,' said he, in a lifter lately received from him by the Count de la Villemarque, I am happy to learn, that I have friends in Wales-tell them (I beg of you) that 1 am quite a Welsh patriot, and that my fifth edition of the Con- quest of England by the Normans will prove it. I have made some additions to the chapter on the Welsh nation in the fourth volume, and I uave also added to this volume some charters of Llewellyn, Owain of VVales, and Owen Glendwr, which have been found in the Archives of this kingdom. NEWPORT. COAL SHIFPED COASTWISE EXCEPT TO IRELAND. Tons. Newport and Pill Coal Co 2064 J. F. Hanson 411 W. and R. Thomas 203 R. Welsh 750 Ann Rees, and Co 506 Tredegar Coal Co 39.5 W. T. 11. Phelps 199 James Poole, Jun 511 Martin Morrison 35 COAL SHIPPED COASTWISE TO IRELAND. Newport and Pill Coal Co 13S2 R. Welsh 80 .ø'I> THE GREAT WESTERN DISCHARGING HER CARGO AT N EWPoRT.-ln consequence of the exorbitant de- mand by the Bristol harbour trustees, for the dis- charge of goods, even at Kingroad, (the Great Western, being unable to enter the docks) the proprie- tors of that noble vessel had determined to land her henceforward at Liverpool. But there is every rea- son to believe, from the late resolution of the New- port Dock Company. that this huge transatlantic voyager would be induced to harbour at Newport. The resolution at the, late special general meeting was ;is it is desirable, that the (lock be constructed upon a scale to admit vessels of the dimensions of the Great Western steamer; and that this meeting recommend that the committee will take the matter into their further early consideration, as the importance of the subject demands, and that they will not proceed to give directions for carrying the measure, into cffect, until they are entirely satis. fied with the plans and estimates for the proposed en- largement." "###6" BAIL COURT, JAN. 16. Reginald James Blcwitt v. Henry Morgan. The plaintiff in this case is one of the registered officers of the Monmouth and Glamorganshire Joint-stock Bank- ing Company, and the action was brought to recover £ 309 odd, being the amount of two bills of exchange drawn by John Morgan, and professing to have been accepted bv the defendant. It appeared upon the production of the instruments that the acceptance was not in the handwriting of the defendant, but Mr R- V. Richards, who conducted the plaintiff's case, and with whom was Mr Wheatly, called John Morgan, the drawer of the bills, who deposed that he was the son of the defendant, and that the defend- ant's signature was, with the defendant's permission and by his authority, annexed to the bill, by Mary Morgan, the defendant's daughter, and the sister of the witness. The witness gave his testimony ill a very hesitating, and altogether in a very extraordinary manner, and, along with other matters, stated that he had been imprisoned in some watchhouse a month back, but did not know for what cause. A person named John Jones, the brother-iu law of the former witness, was then called, but his evidence was not very specific lie stated that ht- had "ever become security for his brother-in-law, but, upon the production of the bills in question, it appeared that they were endorsed by him, and that it was upon the credit of his endorsement that they were cashed by Mr Owen at the bank. The in,,st extraordinary part, however, of the whole case was the defence, which consisted in the ,v fact that Mary Morgan had accepted the bills in her father's name without his authority or knowledge, and merely for the purpose of accommodating her brother; that she had in fact committed forgery upon her father for her brother's advantage, and had been in the habit of transacting business in the same way for several years. Mr Morgan, the defendant, is 76 years old. Mr Crowder, having mentioned the nature of the defence, concluded by stating that lie proposed to prove it by the evidence of Mary Morgan herself, and she was accordingly put into the box and sworn. Mr Justice Patteson told the witness before her ex. amination was proceeded with, that if she should be asked any questions, the answer to which would show her to have committed a felony, she was not bound, unless she herself thought proper, to answer any questions of that nature. 0 Air Crowder then proceeded to examine her, and in answer to the questions of the learned counsel, she ex- plicitly and freely and repeatedly declared, that her fa- ther was utterly ignorant of the fact of her having ever accepted the bills in question in his name, and that she had merely done it for the accommodation of her brother, upon whom she relied that he would take up the bills when they should become due. In her cross-examinatio" by Mr Richards she was asked whether it had never occured to her that there was any impropriety in the COin IJI issioll of forgery, and whether she had never hesitated about doing an act for which she was liable to transportation. The witness in answer stated that it had never occurred to her to think about it at all, that she relied upon her brother's integrity, and never expected to be troubled upm the subject one way or another. She stated at the same time that her father had assigned over to her all his property and business (that of a spirit-dealer, at New- port), and that the assi £ ,,mei>fc was accompanied by a condition that she should )lay lL the existing debts of the establishment, Mr Justice Patteson, itial,lressing the lury,said that the case was one of the Inost extraordinary which had ever come under his notice ^'jd that some of tho testi- mony would have surprise' him very much, if he had not had some experience Of tl]L' morality of that part of the empire from which these parties had come. John Jones, had sworn that he had never become security for the witness Uorgan •, and Net the very bills upon which this action was brought, and which were accepted in John Morgan's favour, were en- dorsed by Jones, to procure, their admission at the bank. With regard to Mnry Morgan, if her evidence was true, she had committed a crime for which she waS liabl to be transported any day of her life, so that she was placed in the dilemma of having com- mitted either perjury or ft rgery. The most astonish- ing part of the matter wis that she did not seem to think that there was anything particular in her con- duct, and she seriously, represented that she bad forged her father's uairO in conspiracy with her -< brother, and that in doing so she did not think she was doing anything wrong. Such notions and pro- ceedings might be thought consistent with morality in Wales, but they would, as be (Mr Justice Patteson) apprehended, be received with execration in England and every other part of the kingdom. The Jury, after a moment's consultation, found a verdict for the plaintiffs for the amount of their de- mand. [We put it to every one of our readers, without ex ception, and they, probably, have rather more experience of the state of morality in Wales" than Mr Justice Patteson, whether his lordship is not, in his sweeping remarks on this subject, ajudgein error."J -Beacon. .r#fo"'#'4' TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN Siit,-Every one must, I am sure, have remarked the extreme clearness of the air on the morning of Friday last, the sun appeared with more than usual splendour, in an horizon perfectly free from the least film of cloud, while every blade and every bough sparkled with a thousand glittering spangles, from the hoar frost by which every substance was thickly covered. Every thing, in fact, augured well for a continuance of fine weather; but, ere the lapse of many hours, dense clouds rolled from the south-west accompanied by high winds; and long before the suc- ceeding midnight, the storm of wind and rain was at its height. A short time ago, I noticed a similar unexpected change: the atmosphere then appeared unusually transparent, and the hoar frost bad formed in remark- able quantities. Now, I ask, is the appoarcnce of hoar frost indicative of approaching rain? and, if so, why that extreme transparency of the atmosphere, which, if rain were near, we might fairly suppose to be charged with vapor, and consequently in a murky state? Some of your intelligent correspondents will, perhaps, oblige me by clearing up those anomalies to, Sir, Yours obediently, TYRO. o" TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETrE & GUARDIAN. SIR,— Having observed a few pithy lines in the "Merlin," of the 19th inst., respecting the confine- ment of an offender in the "Black Mole," ofTredegar, I feel it incumbent on me to declare the statement therein made has been somewhat exaggerated, per- haps in the fulness of compassionate feeling, for the sulferills of a fellow creature. To one not "grown old in sin," doubtless the Black Role" may create rather gloomy sensations; lavish indulgence whilst in the walls of a prison, after committal of crime, is surely never expected by any individual, but that necessary case be taken with regard to the daily sus- tenance of the culprit is the right of justice and humanity. The friends of the offender lately con- fined, are the persons to whom blame should be attached, if any grievance has arisen respecting the man's lack of dainties throughout his stay in "durance vile." In Tredegar there has not yet been established any fund as a resource in such cases, to defray the expenses of either a laundress or an eating- house keeper! else the man in question would have certainly benefited more, than by taking what portion his friends had the power to provide, by a good fire every day, in a public-house, in this town, attended by a constable. I remain Sit-, Your obedient servant, A CONSTANT OBSERVER. Tredegar, Jan. 23rd, 1839. Mr MORGAN* of Ruperra's Hounds will met on Monday January 28 At Castletown- Thursday. 31 At High Cross. Saturday. Feb. 2. At Penyland Gate. Each Day at 11 o'Clock. BUINMAWR.—The gang of miscreants known by the name of the" Scotch Cattle," and who, a few years ago, infested this neighbourhood, have again commenced their nocturnal depredations. On Thurs- day night se'nnight, the house of Evan Thomas, a miner of this place, was broken open by a party of these cattle, and the furniture destroyed: the poor man was likewise dreadfufly beaten with an iron bar, his arm being broken, and his leg seriously injured. Not content with these outrages the villains made several blows at his wife, who bad at the time a baby in her arms, both of whom received injury. The cause of the outrage is, tint Thomas had undertaken the instruction of a stranger in the art and mystery of mining; which offence was considered sufficient pro- vocation for the punishment inflicted. Several letters of a threatening nature had at various times been de- posited in his "stall," but he manfully disregarded them all; and even now, it is said, superintends the operations of his pupil. If this be true, it is to be hoped that his employers will furnish him with the means to defend himself; and all others who are likely to be attacked by this lawless crew. The knowledge of this may perhaps deter them from making similar attacks in future. TREDEGAR—We understand it is the intention of Mr Elam Sims, of the Castle lun, in this town, to enliven his friends by having a ball,on a very superior scale, at his house, on the 31st of this month. We hope for the benefit of tho good-natured and worthy host it will repay his endeavours to please, by being as numerously attended as the one lately given by Mr Thomas, of thc Tredegar Arms. Wearc assured the company who that evening met together to enjoy the" mazy dance," must ljivt- a pleasit), retrospection of the good order which was observed, the abundant supply of refreshments, and the general comforts of all during the evening, so ably attended to by the worthy hostess. TREDEGAR POLICE. The Petty Sessions for the parish of Bedwellty, &c. was held on the 23d inst- at the Town Hall, Trcdegar, before Samuel Horn fray and Summers Harford, Esgrs. when the following cases were brought before them by the Superintendent of Police: — John Hopkins, constable, of the Victoria Works, for assault on Henry Burns. The assault being clearly proved, Hopkins was convicted in the penalty of ten shillings and costs. Ebenezer Maddy, ofTredegar, a notorious black- guard, for assault on J. P. Williams, was convicted in the penalty of ten shillings and costs. Louisa Morgan, of Sirhowy, for fraudulently obtain- Louisa ".Nlo ing monies, the property of George Jones Jones, having failed in proof, the case was dismissed. Edward Ed ward smoother notorious blackguard, who fancies himself a scientific boxer, forajsault on David Marsden, draper. Nlr Nlirsdeii, unfortunately, not appearing to the second summons of the magistrates,, the fellow escaped tho punishment he so justly merited. David Williams, Sirhowy, for assault on Elizabeth Tudor, was dismissed. Margaret Jones, of Ebbw Vale, for assault on Mary Williams, was dismissed. Lewis Richards, master-moulder, of Rhymney, for aassault on Charlotte Williams, being fully convicted, was fined in the penalty of ten shillings and costs. Several other cases were dismissed, the parties not appearing. The next Petty Sessions for the parish of Bedwellty, will be held at the Rock Inn, on the 6th day of Feb- ruary next.

I: c c o liviltii: ic MR THOMAS WILLIAMS, printer and stationer, of Criekhowell, has been appointed by the Lords of the Treasury to the vacant postmastcrship of that town. FATAL ACCIDF.MT.-On Tuesday afternoon, a little girl about seven years of age, daughter of a nailer, living in Bridge-street, Criekhowell, in attempting to take the tea-kettle off the fire, whilst her mother was laying in her eotifliiciiielit, was so dreadfully burnt that she expired in a few hours afterwards. FATAL ACCIDENT.—OU Sunday last, a little girl about three years of age, daughter of !\II' D. Davies, of Gaer, in the neighbourhood of Criekhowell, was scalded to death. CONSECRATION OF THE NEW CHURCH AT CHEADLE. —On Saturday last the new parish church of Cheadle was consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Hereford. It is a very splendid edifice in the Gothic style, contain- ing nave, side aisles, chancel and tower, at the west end, and will seat 1,500 persons It is built by sub- scri I)ti on.- Staffordshire Gazette. TIIS BEARING RiciK.-At the recent annual meet- ing of the Bath and West of England Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, the Arts, &c., Mr M'Adam exhibited a set of Scotch harness, which he brought forward with a view to convince the public that want of care in the use of draught horses in this kingdom added considerably to the expense of hauling in general. The price of the harness was only X3 lIs. The saddle tree was constructed with peculiar care, and sat easy on the horse's back as a riding saddle, so that the horse scarcely felt the lateral motion of the shafts of the cart. The bridle was distinguished by the absence of a bearing rein, which Mr M'Adam was convinced did no good, but rather harm and he was glad to find that reason was generally prevailing over custom and prejudice and driving it out. He had Ion" noticed the disadvantages of the bearing rein. One was, the elongation of the horse's mouth by the force lie used to get his head out to use the muscles in the way which nature designed. He was coming up a hill from Exeter soiqe ti'po since on a coach, when the horses stood still, refusing to take the load up the hill; by the permission of the coachman he (Mr M'Adam) took the bearing reins off the horses, and tbay imnie- dLately proceeded up the hill witU tho load. FAIRS FOR FEBRUARY. Glamorganshire.-Bridgend, Monday 25 Cow- bridge, Tuesday 5; Llandaff, Saturday 9; Llantris- seut, Wednesday 13; Newbridge, Thursday 14. Monmouthshire. Caerleon, Monday 11; Chep- stow, Monday 25. Breconshire.-Builtb, Monday 18; Criekhowell, Friday I; Talgarth, Saturday 2. Cardiganshire.— Cardigan, Wednesday 13; Capel St. Sitie, Thursoay 7; Lampetcr, Wednesday 6; Llandyssell, Monday 11. Carmarthenshire.-Li;indito-fawr, Wednesday 20; White House on Tave, Wednesday 13. Pembrokeshire.—Carew; Thursday 14 Camros, Wednesday 13; Fishguard, Tuesday 5. _ø_ LABOURERS' WAGES. The following tetter appears in the Esset Standard: Sir ,-I shall offer no other apology than the present high price of flour, for suggesting a plan of paving labourers, which may meet the difficulties which many must be feeling 00 this subject. First, let us understand the present condition of the labourer, as regards the price of flour. The labourer, with an average family of a wife and four children, will consume weekly three pecks of flour: for this, when flour is at the common price, he will pay about 2s. 3d. per peck, or 6s. 9d for three pecks. Every rise of 3d. in the peck of flour, will therefore take 9d. from his wages-so that when flour is at s. d. s. d. 2 3 per peck, the tabourer will pay weekly for it 6 9 2 6 7 6 2 9 8 3 3 0 9 0 3 3 9 9 3 4i 10 U So that the labourer now (flour being at 3s. 4fd per peck) is paying 3s. 4jd. more for his three pecks, than he was a year or two ago: plainly, therefore, this 3s. 4id, should be added to the standing wages of the labourer—whether those wages were gq. or 10s. or lis. per week, and even then nothing would be allowed for the rise in the price of meat and other articles. I venture, therefore, to recommend that the labourer should be paid according to the price of the peck of flour, and should receive 3d. additional per week for every Id. that flour rises beyond 2s. 3d. per peck: thus supposing the standing wages to be 10s. the scale woutd stand thus — Flour at per peck Wages would be s. d. s. d. 2 3 10 0 2 6 10 9 2 9 11 6 3 0 12 S 3 3 18 0 3 4 present price 13 4 I have already begun this mode of payment with the few labourers whom I employ, and I do not foresee any difficulty in continuing it. I may be told that as the farmer depends on the price of wheat or barley, he cannot pay wages according to the price of flour, which he does not sell. I answer to this, that I see no obstacle to the framing a scale of wages according to the price of any grain, if you only begin with that price of grain which will fairly represent the common run of wages. Such a scale I may at a future time endeavour to prepare for you. I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, C. A. ST. JOHN MILDMAY. --#6' IMPORTANT DISCOVERY CONNECTED WITH RAILROADS. During the last month or six weeks crowds of persons, evidently of a superior class of society, have, to the great surprise of the inhabitants of the quiet neighbourhood of Sobo, been seen bending towards, and inquiring their way to an obscure house, 6, Carlisle-street, near Soho-square. In the course of the past week the excitement has greatly increased by a vast assemblage of the nobility, members of the administration, fellows of colleges and of scientific institutions, eminent engineers, naval architects, sur- veyors, railroad directors, painters, and a wlJOle host of the patrons of the arts and sciences, all of whom were (as we found out by following in the wake) attracted thither by the exhibition of a model of a locomotive steam-engine, which, with other new and apparently simple inventions acting and harmonising therewith, are destined to work the following wondr- ous changes and improvements in the present system of steam carriage conveyance-a desideratum and a "consummation devoutly to be wished — The engines and trains cannot possibly get off the railway or upset. "They can run on any required curve with speed, safety, and a minimum degree of friction. They can ascend and descend all acclivities that can be required in railways, with speed and con- venience. They are relieved of all the dead weight rendered necessary bv tho present system, and are 110 heavier than is required to bear their load of goods and pas- sengers. The carriage bodies and weight will be almost on the ground. "They will be less expensive than those at present in use, and the immense expenditure of tunnelling, embankments, cuttings, &c., will he entirely avoided. The repairs of the railway, the I wear and tear' of the engines and trains, will be much less expensive than those now in use. The inconvenience and enormous outlay of cutting through parks or other peculiarly situated property, is avoided by the power of giving the line any desired direction." The ingenious inventor and patentee of this new system, which he illustrates with great clearness, is a Mr Koliman, a gentleman well known and much respected and admired in the scientific circles. He attends in Carlisle-street three days a-week, for the purpose of exhibiting his models and engine, the latter of which has been beautifully manufactured at an expense of £300, and is on the scale of one and a half inch to a foot. It is worked by 3team, and performs various and speedy evolutions upon a model railway, formed in the shape of the figure 8, which demon- strates practically its capability of moving round a circle of fourteen feet radius, besides its wonderful power of ascending a hill of one mile in fourteen ac- clivity. This revolution is effected by an additional fore-wheel on either side, of smaller diameter, and concentric with the large driving-wheel, the tire of which is roughened to give it the necessary hold on the surface of the rail, which is elevated at the commence- ment of the acclivity, so as for the smaller wheel to act upon it; being also iust sufficiently elevated to raise the larger wlwel from the line of rail on which it previously acted. To prevent the possibility of the engine being diverted from its course, there is a centre rail with two horizontal wheels in front of the engine, which acts as a pole to a carriage, and makes its direction completely subservient to the middle or centre rail, the outward wheels running upon a plain and unconfined sudilCc of iron. But description is almost superfluous—it must be seen to be properly appreciated; and Mr Koliman, having protected his invention by taking out letters patent in this and other countries, is too liberal a minded man to withhold any information calculated to enlighten and elevate the human miud; and too much of a philanthropist to refuse to elucidate a system which, according to pre- sent appearances, will be destined to confer permanent advantages and improvement on tho present and future generations.—Mining Journal. WANTON CRUELTY.—Saturday last, some unfeel- ing wretch entered a held near Newcastle-Emlyu, and, with a pitch-fork stabbed a valuable colt belong- ing to Mr Jenkins, currier. No cause can be assigned for the act, and we sincerely hope the perpetrator will be brought to justice. We are happy to state, the poor animal is likely to recover. AURORA BoitFALIS.ri)is phenomenon was never more distinctly visible at Newcastle, than on Satur- day evening last. The sky appeared illumined to an immense extent, and the lights Incessantly revolving to and fro, were sufficient to fill the mind with awe and astonishment, and tended to create within every breast respect and reverence to Hin whom the heavens declare his glory, and the firmament sheweth bis handy work." P. C. LABOVCHERE, gQ" the father of the Master of the Mint, and of the celebrated banker of that name, died on Wednesday evening, in consequence of having, three weeks before, broken a blood-vessel. Mr La- bouchere was the possessor of a large fortune in land and money, and by his numerous charities, and general benevolence in the neighbourhood of flighlatids-pai-k, was beloved by the poorer classes. Nlr ti. Ubou- chere was in Paris at the time of his father's decease, and Mr John Labouchere had arrived a few minutes before his parent breathed his last.-Chelmsjord Chroniclq. THE GNEAT WESTERN STEAMER.—Bristol, Jan. 18. —This vessel is arrived from the royal dockyard at Milford, in order to resume her station between this place and New York. She left Milford at 10 o'clock a.m., yesterday, lay-to full one hour and a-haif off St. Gowan's Head, and arrived at her moorings at seven o'clock p.m. of the same day. The distance run in this short space of time, is about 130 miles, and from the time occupied in its performance must be deducted the hour and a half, during which she lay-to off St. Gowan's Head. The distance from Teuby to King- road is said to be 94 miles, and the shortest time we have ever heard of its being done by the packets on the station is eight hours. The Great Western on this occasion performed it in six IIOUTS! I I Nearly all her berths for Monday, the 28th, are taken.

ADDITIONAL LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. NEWPORT DISPENSARY. On Wednesday last, the 23d inst., a Meeting of the Subscribers to the Newport Dispensary was held at the Girls' National School Room, The Mayor in the Chair. The Rules recommended by the Committee were read, and each rule discussed in regular order. When the rule that the Apothecary must be a licentiate of the Apothecaries' Hall waslread, Mr O'Riley, Surgeon, considered it not necessary that the Apothecary should be a licentiate and pro- posed an amendment to that effect, which was se- conded by W. N. Morgan, Surgeon. The amendment was not carried. Mr O'Riley's speech implied that if a licentiate was appointed, the Surgeons would neglcct to attend, and leave the Apothecary to do the duty. This caused a reply from Mr W. Brewer, who observed that 110 man of honour would have proposed or seconded such a resolution. Mr O'Riley rose with great warmth, and told Mr Brewer it was only his age protected him. The Mayor interfered and after a short time the Mayor saying he must leave the chair and adjourn the meeting, the parties gave way. One of the rules also stated, that every candidate shall be a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. When this rule was read, Mr W. N. Morgan used every endeavour to impugn the characters of Mr John Jones and Mr William Brewer, doubting whether they had passed the college, as he could not find their names in a list which be held in his hand: -in this also the mayor was under the necessity of interfering. the rules and regulations for the management of the in- stitution were gone through, and were agreed to. They were ordered to be printed. The letters and testimonials of the different candi- dates were read, when Mr Prothero moved, seconded by Mr Fraser, that Mr William Brewer and Mr James Hawkins be appointed consulting Surgeons and Mr John Jones, Mr Jehoiada Brewer, Mr Henry Parry, and Mr James Hawkius, Junr. Surgeons to the institution." Moved by Mr Prothero, seconded by Mr Powell, that the salary of the Apothecary be fixed at eighty guineas a year, with a house, firing, and candles." The following Governors were elected with the Pa- trons and Vice-patrons to be a board for the ensuing ve;ir: — The Mayor. Mr Latch. The Vicar of St. Woollos. Mr Edwards. The Minister of St. Paul's. Mr Thomas Hawkins. The Consulting Surgeons. Mr Dowling. Mr Metcalf. Mr Sallows. Mr Prothero. Mr Pync. Mr Powell. Mr Hodgkinson. Mr Fraser. Mr Mullock. Mr Williams, (Bank.) Mr Hambly. Proposed by Mr Latch, seconded by Mr Hodgkin- son, "That Mr Philip Jones, be appointed trelsurer." The appointment of apothecary was put off for a fortnight. Proposed by Mr Latch, seconded by Mr Edwards, "That the thanks of the Meeting be tendered to tho Mayor for presiding over the proceedings of the meeting, and for bis conduct in the chair." This meeting did not pass off satisfactorily to all parties, or with that unanimity of feeling tending to benefit the institution. Mr O'Riley and Mr W. N. Morgan, arc using their influence over their friends who are subscribers, and have succeeded in several instances in inducing them to withdraw their names. Other parties are doubling their subscriptions to make up the deficiency. We trust, for the benefit of the poor, the institution will be established, and all ani- mosity, which is now strong, will cease. We cannot close, however, without noticing one very prominent feature in the proceedings, that is, in cancelling, as treasurer, the name of T. R. Williams, Banker, and appointing in his stead Mr Philip Jones. At a meeting held on the 29th December, where Sir Charles Morgan, Bart., kindly presided, Mr Williams was appointed at the meeting on Wednesday, Mr Jones was substituted. Whether this change was intentional or not, we have no means of knowing; but, it will be considered (HId felt by many as a party act; and will, we fear, very ma- terially injure the institution. R. J. BLEWITT, Esq., M.P., of Lantarnam Abbey, with his accustomed liberality, caused a large quan- tity of coal to be distributed among the aged widows and other poor families of Newport; which was very gratefully received at this inclement season. Thursday last, a meeting was held at the Girls' National School Room, to take into consideration the division of the Town of Newport and parish of St. Woolos, for the purpose of making St. Paul's a parish or district church: but some difficulty pre- senting itself, the meeting was adjourned for a fortnight to obtain an opinion. STAGE COACH ACCIDENT.— Weduesday morning, about seven o'clock, when the Hero coach started from the Westgate Inn, the horses became unmanage- able or, otherwise the driver, who was a new hand, did not know how to manage them; they came in contact with Mr Webber's shop window, carrying away before them the lower part of the shutters and window. VERY GREAT LIBERALITY to the destitute poor of Swansea, by a stranger.—Tho celebrated Baron Spolasco, who has resided at Swansea, but little more than three months, had, at his own door Adelaide Place, on Tuesday last, the 22nd instant, an ox cut up in pieces, weighed, and given to the poor, by tickets generally, but, as several others appeared be- fore him, at the time of the distribution of the meat, who had no tickets, and who seemed to be great ob- jects of charity, and on their making a strong appeal for meat, counting the number of their children, &c., the Baron's heart gave way, and be ordered them meat although they had no tickets, which had the effe.it of exhausting the supply of the ox, before the tickets issued were all called in. The Baton observ- ing this, and that no poor person should be disap- pointed possessing his card, at once ordered the butcher to bring more meat, that all might be sup- plied. Doctor Spolasco, sent the following circular, to each of sixteen Clergymen of the different persua- sions, of Swansea, inclosing tickets for his bounty Adelaide Place, Jan. 19th, 1839. Rev. Sir,-Iti order to make as public an ac- knowledgment as possible to God, for been miracu- lously preserved from that awful storm which ingulphed about/ifty of my fellow passengers (my darling little son nine years old, not excepted) on board the steamer Aitlaruey, in the watery deep; the 22nd of this mouth being^ the anniversary of the day on which I was by Divine Providence rescued from the rock in Renny Bay, county of Cork, after having suffered both starvation and hunger, for three days and two entire nights, in the depth of one of the most in- clement winters that we have experienced for the last fifty years, without the slightest covering or shelter during the above time, every billow washing over me: it is my intention to distribute an ox amongst the poor inhabitants of this town. You will therefore greatly oblige me by selecting for that purpose of the most deserving objects from ilotir Book, and by sending as SOOIl as convenient, a list of the names of those you shall have selected, and by giving to each, one of the enclosed cards, with the name of the person written upon the back of it, signed by yourself, to be de- livered to me on the day of distribution. And believe me, Yours much obliged, &c. &c. SPOLASCO, NiI. D., &C."

BIRTHS. xr°n-lc>Sday' l,he 21st inst-> at York, the lady of W. M Dibb, Esq., of a son. On the 12th inst. at Buttevant, in the county of Cork, Ireland, the lady of J. A. Russell, Esq., of the 93rd Highlanders, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. „ 0 instant, Lawrence Rorkc, of Neilstown House county Dublin, Esq., to Julia, daughter of Tbos. o Nedl. of Mount Pleasant, Glamorganshire, Esq. On Saturday, the 12th instant, by the Rev. John rrobert, John Lawrence, Esq., of Snatch wood, to Adc- PontypooY' g 0f Thomas Edwards, Esq. of On the 19th inst., Mr Wm. Walters, to Miss Johana Williams, both of this town. On the 21st inst., Mr John Lewis, moulder, to Miss Alice Jones, both of this town. DEATHS. Jp11 the 20th instant, at Baglan Hall, in this county, 1nas John Llewellyn, Esq., eldest son of the late Griffith Llewelyn, Esq., of the same place. On Monday last, after a lingering illness, aged 3G, Charlotte, wife of Mr John Sanford, compositor, Merthyr. On the 21st instant, at Ystrad Mynad, aged 72 years, Mrs Catherine Jacob, wife of Mr James Jacob, of that place. She was upwards of40 years a respected member of the Society of Independents, assembling at Groes- owen, near Caerphilly. Qn the 18th iustant, at his house in the Vauxhall- road, Pimlico, Mr James Harris, aged 73, many years in the establishments of their Majesties George III. and George IV-, and uwards of 40 years secretary to the Bedford Lodge of Freemasons, by whom he was much respected. On the 22d instant, in the 48th year of her age, after an illness of three months, borne with Christian forti- tude, Mary, the lady of W. D. Davies, Esq., Comptrol- ler of Her Majesty's Customs at this Port, and the last surviving child of Francis Reed, Esq of Carmart en. On Monday last, at his father's house, Rhydgaerwen, Cardiganshire, aged 24, Mr John James, a young man universally beloved and esteemed by all who knew him. His early death has been a source of heartfelt distress 5" to bis family ar\d regret to his acquaintance—still we$ trust it has been 4 happy change" for turn.