The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

GRAND STEEPLE CHASE, ROSS, HERE FORDSHIRE. (From our Usk Correspondent) This brilliant affair came off on the 23rd instant, on the Ledbury side of the town of Ross. Many sporting characters were present from distant parts of the king- dom, all eager for the sport, and desirous to back their favourite horses. The first chace was over four miles, for a sweep- stakes of 10 sovs. each, half forfeit, with 25 sovs. added, for horses that had been regularly hunted with any established pack of fox-hounds, carrying 12st. each, the second horse to save his stakes. Colonel Gilbert, assisted by some other gentlemen, acted as umpires. There were six horses entered. Mr Pierce's Drover Mr Hall's Perrysh Mr Thomas's ch. h Saladin Mr Meyrick's ch. m Maid of the Grove Mr Collett's b.. Game Cock and Mr Gardiner's Peter but at the start there only appeared- Saladin-Ridden by Mr Powell (black jacket, crimson cap) Maid of the Grove-By Claydon (blue body and white sleeves) Game Cock-By the owner (green jacket and black cap) At the hour appointed for starting, Saladin was the favourite. Saladin who is well-known for his powers, was the winner of the Aylesbury Steeple Chase. In point of condition, he seemed by far the most I ikely to win,and many persons backed him against the field. Five to one were freely offered on him against any other horse named. Little was said about Game Cock, although he was a horse of no common merits. The word "off" being given, the three moved steadily forward till they reached the first leap, a brook of very formidable character, requiring at least a seven yards stretch to get safely over. Saladin and the Maid of the Grove did it cleverly, but the poor Game Cock disappeared, himself and his rider completely immersed in the water. The two first had now made some beautiful leaps. They were three fields a-head of the Game Cock, and going at a killing pace, when the latter attempted to join com- pany. The effort was useless, but both horse and rider attended to business with great assiduity. Saladin and the mare contended strongly for precedence at the mill-pond, and both at once plunged into the middle, and waded through. They arrived on terra firma together. The running home became desperate. The mare. was leading about 30 yards. Saladin, before descending the hill, jumped a very awkward gate. His leap measured in length, six yards. The sight of the mare, who was a leap in arrear, encountering this gate, made hundreds of spectators anxious and doubtful. The Maid, how- ever, did it in good style. She was literally covered with the dust and sand which she scattered about as she descended. It is supposed that she must have spread about little less than a ton of loose and dry earth. Our correspondent likens her descent and its effects, to those of a shell tearing up the earth. It blinded all those near it. Hundreds were now in the field next home, flanking the before-mentioned brook on each side, with anxiety on every counten- ance. There was much reason to fear some disaster —the steep approach, the character of the banks, and the worn-out state of the horses, were more than sufficient to cause apprehension. The maid of the Grove made a dead stop about four yards from the brook. Her rider here parted company with her—he was shook from her back by the sudden jerk, made a somerset or two in the air, and fell floundering into the water. Being physically worn-out, stunned, and altogether confounded, he had forgotten what he was about, and made a retrogade movement to the wrong bank, where he arrived, whiie the rider of Saladin, Mr Powell, who had met with a similar mis-hap—viz. a fall from his horse and a submersion in the water—marched forward over his boots in the water, and steered right towards the coming-in point. Where's my horse?" whispered one-" What am I about ?" asked the other-and all was at a stand still. Neither of the riders nor of the horses could proceed without aid. The horses having been laid hold of, the riders were assisted to mount, and they reached home completely exhausted and unenvied by the-surrounding multitude. Game Cock took it rather too coolly he accomplished every leap, barring the first, In admirable style. His rider loudly protested against the unfair manner in which his op- ponents had been helped out of their difficulty, while he was obliged to shift for himself in a similar in- stance. Had the race depended solely upon the riders and their horses, the Game Cock must have boon the winner. His rider claimed the stakes which were not given up to either party at eight o'clock in the even- ing. The Game Cock deserved better luck. Nearly three hours elapsed before the other Chace took place It was a two mile run for horses of all denominations, to carry eleven stone. A Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. with a purse added. Five horses entered. Amongst them was Captain Scott s Buffer, ridden by Mr Powell, the others entered at the post and were not named on the cards, All re- e fused the first leap. On growth warm, they per- formed it well. Buffer won easily accomplisuing the leap of the wide brook, near home, where the Maid and Saladin failed. It was the general opinion that, had this fine animal been entered for the first stakes, he would have won cleverly. The ordinary at the King's Head Hotel was well attended. Appropriate toasts were drunk, &c, &c. The Gloucester Glee singers attended, and the hilarity of the evening was maintained till a late hour.

SRRV.CII TIV TLIEGGAR 0F QUXLITY. After t/it manner of Mr Alexander Popes Lines by a Lady of Quality. Fluttering spread thy purple pinions, tieutle Cupid, round my heart, I am slave in thy dominions Nature must give way to Art, &c, Mr Speaker, my opinions- Could I act so base a part? In his Majesty's dominions, Never beat a purer heart. Ireland once was fair and blooming Why should Parsons shear their flocks ? Absentees her rents consuming Give us but the ballot box! Thus full many an orphan weeping- God's my judge, 1 speak the truth! Orangemen like vermin creeping, Sting me with envenomed tooth. Sir, the honorable Member- Raphael; that mighty liar, How can I each word remember? Sure it would your patience tire. Och redeem vour former errors Persevere—your course is plain- Has their guilt for them no terrors? Ne'er shall Ireland wear the chain- Savage Bruen—palthry Stanley, Think not me your cheering cows; Is it fair, or is it manly ? Though my son his act avows. From the subject loath to wander— As to this two thousand pound- Oiange Journals spit their slander, My contempt is too profound. Sir, I feel it would be stooping— Far too low the facts to state See poor Erin's genius drooping Terminates this long debate.

(From our Milford Correspondent, Feb. 24. 1836,) The Eagle, Oonahughes, from Liverpool, bound to Belfast, put in this week, having sprung her masts on the night of the 16th inst off the Calf of Man. A great part of the cargo (iron) of the schooner Pro- vidence, belonging to Brexham, Capt. Way, wrecked some time ago to the northward of St. Anne's Head, has been got up and sent round to Milford in vessels under the superintendence of Payer Starbuck, Esq. agent at this port. The weather has been moderate during the last few days, wind light, from N.N.W. with indication of frost. A large fleet of coasters bound up St. George's Cuannel, arrived during the week, are now lying here waiting a wind.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE & GUARDIAN SIR,-L was much pleased lately when informed that at the two last meetings of the Commissioners of the Lantrissent Turnpike Trust, it was resolved to ask permission of the landed proprietors for leave to deviate the line of road leadiiig from Cardiff, from near Corner y Park, to Lantrissent. The survey with plans and sections were made by Mr Rowland of Merthyr, shewing the elevation of each road; and it appeared that the old road for several chains rose 1 in 8, and that the greatest rise in the new road'woul J be I in 24, forafew chains oiliy. It was proved by Mr Rowland that one horse 011 the new would do tha work of three on the old road-bu t strange as it may appear, a petition 1 as been got up against this im- provement, and by a misrepresentation that the new road would injure the town if made, it has received many signatures. Will you, Mr Editor, please to inform me, whether or not these parties have made them- selves liable, under the late Mr Martin's Act, for cruelty to animals? I am, Sir, &e. ke. AN ADVOCATE FOR GOOD ROADS. February 24th, 1836.

The columns of the Shipping Gazette, during the week, have been filled with accounts of tho havoc occasioned by the late awful gales. On tluj east and north coasts, particularly, the destruction has been terrifflc, and the extent of it is at present beyond calculation. Amidst the distress and desolation worked by tile wild fury of the blast, and the terrible rising of the great deep to ingulpli the adventurous voyagers upon its rough surface, nnt »17mP 1 .°m their Place of shelter, it is not a little consolatory and gratifying to notice the hv whth h»vT« 10 darIn^and disinterested human- ly which have everywhere occurred, in endeavours to yield stiocour and to save life. ANGULAR ACCIDENT—A post-boy who wrs going up Drury-lane on Tuesday afternoon, at a T ,'h h a B0!"e"bat "an'ow escape from death by the horse running against the barrier of an open sewer, which broke, and the horse was cipitated into the sewer, upwards of 15 feet. The rider, howevever, with great promptitude, jumped from the horses back at the iustallt, and escaped without the slightest imury. TW .vi ne norse was got up with some difficulty .n about a quarter of an hour wnhout any serious hurt. The boy threw himself off the horse breaking the barrier. COIWlIiER'S hQUEST.1 ORlSO:s PJlLS,-C' n Wednesday se'nnight an inquiry which has been proceeding for five days, into the cause of the death Mr E » MaCke"ZiC' S \Lrl I a f0r,°ner> at Ra,c|iff workhouse. great deal of conflicting evidence both as to the circumstances of the particular case, and the general medicinal properties of the pills in question, the Coroner proceeded to sum up at half-past eleven. The jury retired at one o'clock to consider of their verdict, and at four o'clock yesterday niorniu-r returned into court with a verdict of l\bnslan¡;htcr against Robert Salmon (a tobacconist and hyg-eist' agent, by whose advice the pills were administered to the deceased), for the improper administration of large doses of Morison's Pills to the deceased." The jury also strongly recommended that Miss Lare should be cautioned not to vend medicines again of the properties of which she is ignorant. The Coroner then issued his warrant for the apprehension cf Robert Salmon, and his committal to Newgate and added he should bind over the churchwardens to prosecute. The coroner's inquest on Tuesday again sat upon the body of W. Saundrey, at Woolwich, who, it was reported, had come to his death by flo?,gin, A post mortem examination had taken place,attended by 10 medical, gentlemen, who stated that they believed that the deceased had died from the effecti of fever, and certainly not from flogging. Four of the jury came to the conclusion that the deceased would not have died but for the flogging he received but the remainder expressed themselves of the same opinion as the medical witnesses. The following verdict was then delivered to the Coroner by the foreman :That the deceased died by the visitation of God, and not by the hands of any person or per- sons whatever."

In the House of Lords, on Tuesday last, a keen discussion was raised on the late appoj Illmellls of the Borough Magistracy. Lord WlKirnc'ifl'e at much length alld with lillllsual force, charged the Ministry with making those appointments for party purposes, and by personal suggestions. Lord Mel- bourne rep'ied by an angry denial, peculiarly re- ferring to lhe general charge, that the Cuhinei were the slaves of the Radicals and O'Coiintd!. L,) r, I 'Vhal-ncliffp's retort was brief but effectual. "Tile charge," said his I."rdship, "does not come from me Those people >heinselves have publicly made the charge. (Hear, hear.) Have they not said—'YVe have not changed our opinions, the \Vliig-; have changed theirs.' (Hear.) 'YVe have not (roiie to the .1 Whigs—the Whigs have coi.ie to us.' (Loud cries 11 of hear.) I w ould ask the Noble VUcount if he dare to reject the support of those persons ? If he do not I have a right to say he has gone over to them."

81anto rgtlitøhírr. QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY -111 honor of her Ma- jesty's Birthday all the vessels in the Glamorganshire Canal, and Cardiff Roadstead, had their colours hoisted, and at one o'clock a Royal Salute, of 21 guns, was fired at the Sea Lock, and answered by tlle vessels in the Roads. NEWBRIDGE CHTIRCH -W,- understand that land, on both sides the Taff, has been offered, in the handsomest manner, for the proposed undertaKing. On the Eg! wisiian side of the river, bv Benjamin Hall Esq. M.P.; and on the Lantwit-Vardre side, by R. F. Rickards Esq. ■

DEATH OF THE LORD BISHOP OF DURHAM. It is with deep regret that we announce tilis day tlie death of the Bishop of Durham (Winialll Van Mi'dert, D.D.), which melancholy event took place on Sunday last, at nine A.M. He was a brilliant ornament of the Church of England, and his loss will be deeply felt both among the Clergy and the Laity—the rich and the poor. His work is ended, and he is gone to his rest. Dr. Van Miidert was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff in 1819, and translated to the see of Durham in ISiG.— Standard. This excellent man continued to the last to dis- pense his liberal subscriptions to the Clergy- widows and orphans, and to all the other charita- ble institutions of the Diocese of Lland.ifF. He also (what he strictly forbid to be named) gave large sums annually to several distressed families in this County and Monmouthshire. In his own Dio cse, his subscriptions and donations were on the most munificent scale, amounting, as is gene- rally believed, to more than three- fourths of his income! He that sowed bountifully, shall reap also bountifully." IMPROVED LINE OF ROAD FROM MER- THYR TYDVIL TO NEATH. A Meeting took place at the Guild Hall of the Borough of Neath, of the inhabitants of the town and its vicinity, oil Tuesday last, for the purpose of taking into consideration the most effectual means of forming a new line of road from the Abernant turn- pike gate to communicate with the Merthyr Tydvilanu Brecon trusts. The worthy Mayor, H. J. Grant, Esq. was in tiie chair. The assemblage of the parties interested in this important undertaking was numerous and highly respectable. The Chairman commenced his observations by stating that he had received several letters, from L. W. Diilwvn, Esq. and others, expressive of their approbation of Lie undertaking. Mr Vivian had offered his services as a Member of Parliament in the application for tne loan. The following- resolutions were then unanimously carried:— It was unanimously Resolved,— That it would be highly expedient that such a line be made forthwith, as the same would add greatly toward the improvement of the I own of Neath, as also to the towns of Swansea, Meithyr ridvi 1. Brecon and the surrounding country which is fuliy and clearly made to appear by the reports pnblialitd thereon.. Resolved,—That it is the opinion of this Meeting, that it would be desirable that the Sum of 16,000 be borrowed from Government towards carrying the above Improve- inent into effect; and that the Landed I ropnetors, through which the intended Line will have to pass, as well as all other Persons interested in so desirable a Communication, be applied to, to become Security for the '0a". 1 r In consequence of the preceding Uesolut.ons the fo,- lowing Gentlemen offered to become Security for the several Sums set opposite to their receive names the nature and extent of sllc'tl S,citrity being as follow.- Each party to become Security to the C,),,)Lllissioliers oi* the Exchequer Loan in the sum set opposite h:s name, the amount to be repaid by instalments ot 5 per cent, per annum, with interest at the rate of 4 per cent. Pallie b coiiun" Security are not lialne beyond the Sums to which they subscribe their names. ro." C. K. M Talbot, Jisq. ill iSthl H. J. Grant, Ksq 500 William Widianis, Esq. Aberpergwui 500 N. H. Vaughaii, Ksq 300 C Warde/lisq. 50 100 John Rowland, KSIJ 100 Mr U S. Cok« 50 Messrs Morgan and Gardner 50 Rev, EdwarJ Thomas 25 At the close ot the meeting Mr Williams of Aber- pergwm, said that with the permission of the Chair- man he would make a proposition to the Meeting to the following effect :— That in consideration of the spontaneous offer on the part of Mr Talbot, our county Member, of giving his security for the sum of £500, towards the accom- plishment of the object of the Meeting, which was the more generous in as much as he (Mr Williams,) understood the proposed line did not pass through anyoft.tat gentleman's property, the best thanks of this Meeting should be presented to him. Tnis motion was seconded by T. D. Place, Esq. and was cordially and unanimously approved of by tiie Meeting, wnich then separated." DESTRUCTION BY FIRE OF A VERY FINE Blun AT SWANSEA. fFrom our Swansea Correspondent.) I regret to state tnat tne brig Martha, of 220 tons register, copper bottomed, 1101111;111, master, formerly belonging to Liverpool, after having undergone very considerable repairs in the port of Swansea, and being bound to Cardiff in ballast, unfortunately bv some means, while lvi ">% in our outer narbour, caugnt fire about three o'clock on the morning of the 24th inst. and notwithstanding every possible exertion was used to save this tine vessel hy cutting awav tiie masts, &c. &c. all her upper works, and part of her bottom are nearly consumed, together with her boats which were on deck. 1 he tide being out at tiie time, the vessel was left completely dry, consequently there was great difficulty in procuring a supply of water for the fire-engine, which was very soon brought to the spot. She continued burning till nearly one o'clock in the afternoon. It was with great difficulty, from the vast body of smoke, that some of the crew were able to reach the deck, being nearly suffocated. I think it hut justice to add, (being an eye witness) that the unwearied personal exertions of several of the tradesmen of the town, particularly of Mr Richardson, ship-builder, the Surveyor of Lloyds, (to whom the agent of the owner of the vessel lost no time in communicating the disasterous event,) were beyond all praise, and to whom is mainly, if not wholly, to be attributed the eventual suppression of the fire, and the preservation of much property which will be saved from the wreck. Nothing satisfadory as to the cause of the fire has yet been ascertained. But from the favourable quar- ter in which the wind blew, and the circumstance of the masts being cut away, the fire must have been communicated to the brig Phoenix, which lay in a parallel direction with, and at a very short distance from, the Martha. COPPER ORES SOLD AT SWANSEA, Feb. 21. Mines. 21 Cwt. Purchs. Price. I Chili 105 Williams, Foster, & ('o. & Geo. NVildes andCo. 17 16 6 Ditto 71 Ditto 17 14 6 Ditto .72 Ditto 20 14 0 Ditto 62 Ditto 21 3 6 Ditto 47 Pascoe, Grenfdl, and Sons 20 13 6 Ditto ,100 Ditto 17 12 0 Ditto 62 Ditto 17 12 0 Ditto 32 Williams, Foster, & Co.. 53 7 0 Allihies 96 Crown Copper Co.11 5 0 Ditto go Ditto 11 3 () Ditto 76 Ditto 11 56 Ditto 35 Freeman and Copper Co 11 11 0 Crotiebane 92 Vivian and Sons 6 0 G Ditto 88 Ditto 3 80 Ditto 58 Benson, Logan, & Co. 5 40 Ditto 30 VivianandSons. 4 10 0 Tigrony if, Kngi ;SH Copper Co. 4 14 6 Ballymurtagh.. 123 Pascoe, Grenfell, and Sons, and Nevill, Sims, Driice, & Co. 2 9 6 Ditto 64 Pascoe,Grenfell,and Sons. 5 0 0 Ditto 59 Ditto 2 7 0 Cuba 95 Ditto 18 13 0 Ditto .59 is 13 0 Ditto 20 Ditto 12 19 6 Ditto 28 Ditto 26 1 1 « Ditto 17 Ditto 38 18 0 Knockmahon 97 English Copper Co. 10 0 0 Connorree 44 Vivian and Sons 4 19 0 Ditto 38 I)itio 7 9 fi Ditto 13 Ditto 4 11 t; Anglesey, prec.4^ Pascoe, Grenfell, and Sons 6 1 0 Ditto ditto 3 Ditto 3 10 0 Ditto,burnt.. 2 Benson, Logan, & Co. 0 5 0 Do., fur. bot. 20 Pascoe. Grenfell. and Sons 7 8 6 West Cork 32 English Copper Co. 10 9 6 Ditto 8 Vivian and Sons 1 56 Ditto 1 Pascoe, Grenfell, and Sons. 43 14 0 ■ i—WIMI——p— We 11 iderstand tha Kdivard naycock, Esq. the deservedly popular arehitect of the principality, has been applied to on the part of Lord Newhorough, to rebuild a noble mansion at Glytillifon. SPRING ASSIZES.—The fallowing is a sutpmary of tile ga01 calendar,containing the names of eight prisoners, who are to be tried at the ensuing Assizes, at Swansea :-Elizabeth Rees, 19, charged with the murder of a new-born male bastard child; John Francis, 30, for a I)urgliry, and feloniously stealing several articles of wearing apparel, the property of Anne Lewis, of Merthvr Tydvil; Edward Stephens, 27, for stealing three steers and one heifer, the pro- perty of Henry Morgan, of Roath; Marioel Gonial vis, 25, for stealing wearing apparel, tiie property of William Evans and Marv Williams, 28, John Smith, :26, Mary Ann Smit), 25, and Mary Thompson, 30, for uttering base coin. EXEMPTIONS FitONI TOLLS —Disputes having. lately arrisen as to liability to pay tolls on persons going to places of worship, on Sunday, through the Aberdare Gates—we copy the exemption in the word" of the Act: No person s iail be charged with Tolls for or in respect of any carriage, horse, or other beast carrying any of the inhabitants of the said Parishes on a Sunday to or from any Church, Chapel, or other Place of Religious Worship, licenced bv Law, to which they usually resort, or attending the Funeral or anv person who shall die and be buried within any of the said Parislies." The parishes through which the said road runs, are Llauvalion, Llanwonno, Aberdare, and Rigos (Ystrad- y fodwg)- IJ.TIDGEND.—Thomas Rpps, a farmer at Lan- gonoyd, and John Jones, of the same place, black- smith, were, at a Pettv Sessions held at Bridgend il v on the 5tii instant, convicted of a most ferocious and brutal assault committed, on the day before, upon one William David. It appeared that the defendants, at a very late hour of the night, (between eleven and twelve o'clock) called at a beer shop at Maesteg, and that the complainant, who happened to be in, was In- strumental in preventing their admission. They in consequence waylaid him, and, upon his passing homewards, in about half an hour afterwards, they fell upon and beat and kicked him most cruelly. The Magistrates unanimously determined to inflict the highest penalty ( £ 0 upon each defendant) which they immediately paid. ANOTHER DEATH FROM DUXKENNESS. — On Saturday night fast, Morgan Rees, aged 65, lately residing at Rigos, (formerly of Cilhepstli) left Hirwain Village, and was not heard of till Monday morning, when his body was found on the Common. It is supposed he fell a victim to the severity of the wea- ther. .##,1" POOR LAW AMENDMENT BILL. CORONEFT'S INQI.EST. — On Tuesday evening an in- quest was held at the Angel Inn, Merthyr Tvdvil, before R. L. Reece, Esq. Coroner, on part of tne body of a child found on the previous Sunday on one of the Pcnydarran patches. Only the upper half of the body was left, the lower extremities were entirely gone, apparently eaten by a dog. There was no evidence to show to whom it had belonged. It seemed that the body had originally been hurried in a hole near the spot where it was found, but only a piece of an old cloth or towel was near it. No clue whatever was left to the mother. It being the opinion of Mr Job James, surgeon, who examined the body, that it had not been born alive, tie Jury, under the direction of the Coroner, returned a Verdict of Found Dead. The body was in a very putrid state, had appa- rently been dead some time, and presented a shock- ing spectacle. MERTHYR POLICE. (Before J. B. BROCE and W. THOMAS, Esars.) F F". 23.—William Davies, of the Walnut Tree, beerhouse George Town, was fined 40s. for keeping his house open after hours on Sunday night last. Thomas James, Tiios. Watkins, and John Jones, firemen at Plymouth Works, and Marv James, mother of the said Thomas James, appeared to a complaint for an assault and fighting on Sunday night last. Thomas James was fined ÕS, and the others 2s. 6d. each and costs. Francis Argust, Wm. Argust, and David Williams, were fined Is each and costs for a trespass in the Merthyr church yard, during the hours of Divine Service. Dd. Jones was fined 10s. Bcnj. Richards 7s. and Ezc- kiel Williams, 5s with costs, on the complaint of Wm. Williams, constable, for an assault and fighting on Sunday night. Richards and Williams were fighting opposite the Corner House, beer house, George Town, when the constable interfered and dispersed them, a short time after he found the combatants, fighting again in an adjoining field, when David Jones urged the crowd to attack the constables for endeavouring to put a stop to these disgraceful proceedings. Timothy Evans was fined 5s. for forcibly opening and damaging the door of Edward Brazil. Mary Jones, a native of Carmarthen- shire, charged with felony, was remanded for farther examination. Articles of the peace were exhibited by Elinor Wiliiams, against her tid William Williams, collier, Dowiais, who having entered into the required sureties, was discharged. Wi liam Morgan, contractor under the Gas Com- pany, was fined 10s. and costs for causing unnecessary obstructions on tne turnpike road. Tne Magistrates said it wou d be commuted to a nominal small penalty il the obstruction complained of, was removed by the next evening. Wiiiiam Tiiomas, sawyer, .the Carmarthenshire man, who so cruelly killed the. Spaniel at the door of the Bear, beer house, Dowiais, has absconded. JEB. 24. Thomas Williams and Tnomas Jones, puddlers, Dowiais, were committed for one month to the 1 louse of Correction, for wilfully neglecting their work, and injuring their property, owing to drunkenness, on the oaths of David Jones, overlooker of the puddiers, and a brother workman. Daniel Evans, miner, Pcnydarran, and Daniel Lewis, miner, Cyfarthfa, were fined .50s. each and costs, and 5s. each for a trespass, on the person and property of David Felix, publican. ihe said David Evans was also fined £1. for an assault, and .15s, for a trcspass, on the person and property of Richard Owen, fitter-up, Cyfarthfa. Both these assau.ts and trepasses occurred 011 Sunday night last, on day, fights and disturbances prevailed in almost every quarter of the town, in consequence of the increase of drunkenness. In default of payment, they were committed for proportionate periods to the House of Correction at Cardiff. Mary Jones, of Llandefeilog, Carmarthen, was fully comni tied for a robbery in the dwelling house of her master, William POWPII FEB. 2o. W illiam Williams, labourer, was com- mitted for one momjj to the House of Correction for being drunk while his wife and ehildren were receiving parish rel iof The sentence was subsequently withdrawn on the petition of some of the Select Vestry to give him one more trial, and upon his promise of being steady in future. Thomas and Wi;!jam Jenkins, brothers, Aberdare, were filled Ids each, and Thomas Thomas 5s. for a trespass on the premises of James Tiiomas, Aberdare, at three o'clock in the morning of Tuesday last. The two former had been charged with a disturbance in a public-house on the previous Sunday night, and had settled with the complainant. Tne Magistrates warned them that several of the respectable inhabi- tants had complained of them, and that they should be closely watched, and if again found disturbing the public peace, they would be punished with the utmost severity of the law. Elin Monroe charged Thomas Williams and others with breaking open her door and using' unnecessary violence in taking possession of her house, under a warrant of the Stleriir.-Tlic Magistrates told her that the officers had a right to break open the door, having first asked her to tlo so, and being refused. The assault arose from the bailiff striking her while smashing the windows, Tiic bailiff should have pro- ceeded against her for the trespass: but should not have struck to pay costs for that blow.

to nutO uthttft e. At an adjourned meeting' of the Bristol Town Council held 011 Monday Feb. 15, the Mayor informed the Council that he had communicated to his Grace the Duke of Beaufort that he had been elected to the office of Lord Bieril Steward of the borough of Bris- tol, and had received the following answer from his Grace:— Badminton, Feb II. Sir,-On my return from London, last night, I had the pie "stire to receive your letter, announcing to me tiiat, I had been nominated to the high and honor- able office of High Steward of Bristol. I accept with gratitude this most honorable office, and I beg to assure you that I am truly sensible of the obligation thus conferred upon me. It is doubly gratifying to me to receive this mark of the esteem and confidence of the city of Bristol, as I have been thought worthy to replace my excellent and ever-to- be-lamented father. May I request that you will be good enough to express to the Corporation of Bristol, my high sense of the honor with which they have been pleased to invest me, and believe me, Your very obedient faithful servant, To Win. Fripp, Esquire." "BEAUFORT." Mr Walker, in moving that the letter be entered on the minutes, observed, in reply to a statement made at a recent meeting of the Council respecting the Noble Duke's alleged intention of residing on the continent, that his Grace intended to occupy the family seat at Badmihton, The peculiar features of the Duke of Beau- fort's character as a horseman, in the hunting field, were these:—Although he would not, for the last twenty-five years at least, take a leap much higher than his horse's knees, he was not afraid to gallop, and had an excellent eye to hounds—a great advantage to all men, but still more so to those who cannot live with them when they go fast over enclosed ground. He also had an intimate knowledge of the country, the result of so many years' hunting in it, and, to crown all, had the assistance of perhaps two of the very best pad-grooms that ever went into the field- first, Will. Long, previously to his becoming whipper- it, and lastly, Job, who could open two gates in less time than mnety-nine men in a hundred would open one. In fact, no man succeeded better in getting to hounds, without riding over fences, than his Grace did; and I will in great part account for it in his own words I always beat my friend, Lord This, or Mr Such a one, he would say, because I never jump at all, whereas he jumps a little. A man who attempts to cross a country after fox-hounds should either take every thing that comes in his way, or do as I do, not leap at all." Sound logic this, friend Editor, and should be noted in the book of memory. Where is the sportsman that does not delight in seeing the master of the pack present at the glorious finish of a fine run ? Jealousy personified must bid him welcome here. Such of the late Duke of Beaufort's field, then, as had their eyes open, could perceive that every chance was given to tnis much lamented master to hear the last* who-whoop, with his own hounds, if he did not hear the first, and by the following fair stratagem:—If the pace had been severe, and the line of country nearly direct, a little more ceremony than usual was observed in the act of dismembering the fox; and, giving a sly, but keen look back upon the line, to endeavour to catch a view of the Duke, in the distance Puilip Payne would be now and then heard to say, "give 'em a bit of time, Will, before you throw him (the fox) to em they'll eat him the "better when they have recovered their wind

There are always two who-wljoops-one when the fox is killed, the other when given to the hounds. Thos. Lewis, of St. Pierre, Esquire, has b-en apponted Colonel of the Royal Monmouthshire Mil itia, vice the Duke of Beaufort, deceased. The appointment appears in the London Gazette of the 13tti instant. Colenel Lewis had been for many years the Lieutenant Colonel of that Regiment. He was presented on this appointment, at his Majesty's Levee on Tuesday last, by E. B. Clive, Esq. M.P. "for Here- ford. We much regret to hear that our former Diocesan, Bishop Marsh, now Bishop ofPeterborough, is dangerously ill, and with slender hopes of recovery. Dr Marsh succeeded Bishop Watson at Llandaff in 1816, and was translated in 1819. ABERGAVENNY—On Friday. Lieutenant Scott, of the 1st Dragoon Guards, stationed in this town, met with a severe accident in hunting, by his horse falling 011 him, and breaking one of his ribs, i-1. Jones, Lsq. ofLlanarth. in leaping, on Monday last, met with a serious injury We under- stand the horse fell on him and broke his collar-bone. On Saturday evening last, a man named John Meredith, a very ingenious blacksmith, of the parish of Lainbedder, in walking across the coal yard at Govilon, fell, and so seriously injured himself that he died in consequence on the following day. He has left a wife and seven children. A Coroner's Inquest was field on the Monday, and a verdict of Accidental Death" returned. Two valuable Cows, the property of Mr Dew, Lmvetherine, were poisoned last week by eating Hemlock, the one was the prize cow at Tredegar Snow, and supposed to be worth £3.5, \Ve have seen a memorandum of an order of the Board of Customs, communicated to Lord G. Somerset, approving of Newport being made a bonded port for wine and spirits, on suitable premises, being erected and fitted up in conformity with the ware- housing regulations. Wc are happy to observe this additional proof of the increasing importance of our town, and fully appreciate the desire which the Com- missioners of Customs have evinced, to afford all the facilities in their power, to the commercial advance- ment of the port. We should observe that this pri- vilege has been obtained through the exertions of Mr ll. W. Webber, whose petition on the subject was presented and recommended by Lord G. Somerset, one of our county Members. His Lordship's zeal on the present occasion is much recommended by the mercantile interest.-Merlin, INCORRIGIBLE IMPOSTOR.—Marriaue Griffiths, detained at the Mynyddyslon workhouse on suspicion of be ng Jane Ellis, who murdered hcr child at Towyn, North Wales, turns out to be the Carmarthenshire woman who pretended to be robbed under circum- stances of great violence, near the Dowiais Pond, and imposed 011 the benevolence of Lady Charlotte Guest, the Rev. E. Jenkins, and severa! other persons in that neighbourhood.—She is well known about St. Melon's, Newport, &-i,. where she has for the last two months been feigning illness, and levying contributions on the public,. William Parber, a shipwright, was found dead on Saturday morning, under an overfall of water that carries off the surplus water from the canal, t ie depth of which was about r ifi ln4uest was held on the bodv, and a verdict of Accidental Death" re- turned.—(From our Newport Correspondent.) On Friday se'nuight, while a child named Brown, who with her parents reside in Wye Bridge Lane, Monmouth, was reaching something near the fire-place, her clothes accidentaMy ignited, by which her body aud arms were dreadfully burnt. It would scarcely be credited in this penod of enlightenment that the parents, instead of having recourse to the usual remedies, sent for a neignbour to charm their suffering child, and would not permit any thing to be applied to her, lest the spell should be broken. Surely the schoolmaster has forgotten Wye Bridge in his tra vels,-Monmoutlishire .Merlm, The MONMOUTHSHIRE HOUNDS will meet on Tuesday March 1st • • • • I he Ilendre. Friday". 4t:i -Coldbrook Park. At half-past ten o clock, each day.

c. Among thp. presentations at Court oil Tuesday last, we noticed—■ Penry Williams, Esq. by Viscount Melbour ic, as Lord Lieutenant of Brecoiislnre. John Llovd, Esq. by Mr P. Williams.' P Tip Penry Williams, Esq. by his father. Capel Hanbury Leigh, Esq. as Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire, by Mr h B. C i i v Colonel Lewis, on his appointment to the command of the Royal Monmouthshire Militia. Mr Scourfield, M. P. with an address from the Corporation of Haverfordwest. W e, are clad to find that, under the auspices of that highly respected Clergyman, Archdeacon Davies, a subscription is now opened in the County of Brecon, in aid of the general fund for the dis- tressed Irish Clergy. is Majesty's Commission of the Peace for the Borough of Brecon, has been issued to Henry Lucas, Esq. M.D., William Wynter, Esq. M.D., James Prosser Snead, Esq., and Thomas Meredith, Esq., who have all qualified for the office. On Wednesday 21th February the years' rent of the charity houses in the borough of Brecon devised by Edmund Jones, of Buckland, Esq. in 1674, for the apprenticing of poor children of the borough of Brecon, was laid out in the apprenticing of six such children. John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, Esq. Mayor, in the chair. From IR09 to that day, 201 children have been apprenticed with this charity by the corporation. The Breronshire Turnpike Trustees have peti- tioned the House of Commons for an iijroduction of the statute duty into the Turnpike TrAt Consolida- tion Bill, now before the House. Bv an advertisement in another column, it will be seen that a bad is about to be given at the Castle Inn, Brecon, for the benefit of the infirmary.— We sincerely hope and believe that it will be well supported. The union of charity with the amusement of the evening must give additional zest to tne delight- ful recreation of the dance. A Bardic mpftting and a Concert of National Music will be given in the course of next summer in London, under the auspices of the Royal Cambrian Institution. Among the prize subjects proposed are, an Elegy on thelamcnted death of Lady larriett Williams VVynn, (the Royal Medal); and a poem in the Welsh language, on the loss which Cambrian literature has sustained by the death of Dr. William Owen Pughe. James Crawford, a bookbinder, K,as on the 22d Feb., committed for trial at the next Brecon assizes, by John Lloyd aughan Watkins, Esq., mayor, and a Bench of Magistrates, for obtaining from Mrs Brace, of the Shoulder of Mutton lilit there, twenty shillings for a piece of metal resembling a sovereign.

CIIURCIJ RATE.—A trial of strength has lately taken place between the Churchmen and the Dissen- ters, at Llanfihangel-geneu'r-glyn, near Aberystwith, Cardiganshire, respecting the Church-rate. On Fri- day se'nnight it came to the voto, when there appeared For the Rate. 126 Againstit. S6 Majority.. 40 I FAIRS IN MARCH. Glamorganshire.—Caerphilly, first Thursday—Great Markets; Cardiff, second Wednesday; Cowbridge, Tuesday before the 25th; Merthvr Tydfil, the ISth. Brcconshire.-Brecknock, first Wednesday; Tal- garth, the 12th. Rad,-zorshire.Kiiiglit-on, Saturday after the first Monday. Carmarthenshire.-Llati,adock, the 12th; Mydrim, the 12th.

The Suho steam-ship started from Edinburgh on Thursday se'nnight, and, notwithstanding the very heavy north-east gales of wind, arrived safe at Black- wall on Saturday from whence she started again the I same evening, having performed the voyage from j London and back in five days. I COMPAIUSON OF FEPEIID.—\ French scientific journal states that the ordinary rate is per second; Of a man walking TO Of a good horse in harness i;? Of a rein-deer in a sledge on the ice I Of an English race-horse 43 Of a hare". s8 Of a good 19 Of the wind. ,«» Of sound. Of a twenty-four-pounder cannon ball •».••• 1300 Of the air which, so divided, returns into space 1300 TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN. SIR, I sometimes sit during the winter nights ruminating and forming Utopian plans like Pigau't Ie Brun's "Homme a pro jet," and sigh whilst I thin It of the loss the Universe is sustaining from mv modesty in refraining from giving them publicity. "Were the Spectator only living in our days!! Would it not be desirable, Mr Editor, that some Periodical were to reserve a few of its pages as a repository for musing men's lucubrations, called, The Crotchet Corner If the schemes proclaimed should not be always use- ful, they might at least be productive of entertain- ment. Should either of those qualities be found in the following, will you do me the favor of inserting it in your excellent Paper. Your obedient servant, JOHN SMITH. SURNAMES.—Mr Smith was lately arrested by mis- take for another person of the same name in Paris, for which he brought an action: the public are not aware of the numerous instances of annoyance which are constantly happening to persons bearing names of very frequent occurrence, such as the opening of letters, the miscarriage of parcels containing valuable property, litigation owing to the links of consan- guinity being involved in doubt; and injuries of a still more serious complexion have been occasioned by erroneous imputations affecting reputation, ail innocent individual having frequently been shunned by mistake for a namesake; and at the same time, ignorant of the cause of the obloquy to which hq is exposed, the error to his or her detriment remains unremoved. The stories of calling "Mr Smith is wanted," at a crowded theatre, and "Mr Jones," in the Court of Jesus College, are familiar to every one, and if all the evil of an equivoque were confined to ludicrous instances, we should consider any farther remarks superfluous: but this is no slight inconve- nience, and is progressively increasing, for as popula- tion augments, so do the Joneses and the Johnsons: the use of a name is the convenience of distinction; but where multitudes are called alike, confusion still exists. Henry VTIIIth to obviate this ill corsequence, directed the Welsh to adopt some fixed appellation, but they, unfortunately, in accordance with Celtic custom, assumed patronymics. Such is the case in tin; Highlands, but there, they very sensibly substitute, the name of the residence, otherwise the mistakes among the Macs would be endless; that is also tho plan resorted to by the French. There are only about: twenty varieties of names among the Welsh, of tho patronymics, and of course constantly multiplviiv y I I I ambiguity now twenty names for so considerable a population as this country at present contains, is a narrow range, but as there are forty thousand Welsh in Bristol, and a greater number in Liverpool and Manchester, it becomes yet more perplexing, espe- cially in towns. In Cheltenham there were lately thirty tradesmen of the name of Williams; and in tha London tradesmen's directory, the Joneses and Davis's occupy several pages. Permission should be granted under certain restric- tions, for persons thus situated to adopt a distinctive name, should they be so disposed, and the payment of a fixed sum for such license would be acceptable to the Exchequer;—the appellative to be at the option of each individual, viz. from his residence—his birth- place, or any fancy he may have, provided it remedied what it was meant to cure; thus we would not re- commend an allusion to the trade pursued, as our nomenclature already abounds sufficiently with Bakers and Millers, &c. &c. A petition should be presented to the Government, signed by all the Smiths ill London.

BIRTHS. On the 18th instant, in Norfolk Street, the Lady of J. Wyndham Bruce, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, of a son and heir. On the 17th instant, at Ely, near Cardiff the lady of Richard Lewis Reece, Esq. one of the Coroners for the county of Glamorgan, of a daughter. MARRIED. On Monday, the 22nd instant, at Newport, Monmouth- shire, by the Rev. A. A. Isaacson, Vicar, Mr John Cobb Postmaster, to Mary Ann, eldest daughter of Thomas Jones Phillips, Esq. solicitor, of the same place. On Tuesday last, at St. John's Church, Brecon by the Rev. William North, Mr John Griffiths, Draper to Miss Gweullian Harris, both of Brecon. r DIED. On the 14th of January last, in the Island of Nevis, of & fever, whicii tcrniinito^ i • Three d*yl Philip Protheroe CUxexistence m £ > Robert Ciaxton, Esq S" On Monday last, in the Drimo re 1 by all who knew him, GSor' T 1 T reS,ettei' an active constable in thu"wn many i'eari ,At, the Yicuage, Ilfracombe, aged 81, the Hev, Robert Dickinson, VIcar of that parish. On Tursllay last, aged 25, Thomas, second son of Mr Daniel Davis, of Foxhill, Pembrokeshire. T> l N-vpon, Monmouthshire, on the 20th instant, Mr iiam\n Batchelor, ship builder and timber merchant, at the age of 53. On Sunday, the 21st instant, at Pillgwenlly, Newport, Monmouththshire, at the age of 52, Mary Ann, the wife of Mr Thomas Webb, coal merchant, of the same place. On the 20th instant, at Pembroke, Colonel Ponsonby Watts, aged 73.

Huilways are now the one idea" « Inch seems to engross every man's attention, both in and out of the Houses of Parliament-their effect is like that produced hy the Widow Wadman upon my Allele i'ol>y—they occupy the heads of the en- terprising to the exclusion of all things eist- Lord V, Leilnox having presented some Peti- tions in favour of the London and Brighton Railway, on Monday night, Lord andon took the opportunity of enqllirin of the President of the Board of Trade, what i-ourse the Govern- ment intended to pursue with respect to cases, "here several Bills were prayed for, for Rallways between the same termini. In this instance, as in all others, it appeared very clear that the Government did not know their own course. Mr Poulett Thomson replied to Lord Sandon to that effect, and, he added, that the Government wished the House to appoint a Select Committee t° tell them what their course should be. This \Vas candid. Mi P. Thomson also said, that it "e" Was not the> intention of the Government to 8ubmit to the House any proposal favourable to any particular Line of Rit lway. Whether this Was candid or not, we leave to the President himself. Admitting it to be candid, which We will to oblige the Honorable Member, *e presume, that as yet, none of the Gentle- men who are connected with the Government Nearer than the twenty first cousin have de- termined upon allowing their capital to "fructify" in that peculiar line. Mr P. Thomson antici- pates that much good.will be derived from the appointment of a Committee, and judging from the Members who have been chosen, his antici- pations are not unreasonable. The Railroads are not to be left entirely to the guidance of the Committee—the object is, that such evidence ahaH be obtained as may enable the Committee to give some recommendation to the House by which its proceedings shall be governed, and this recommendation will be subject to the ap- probation of the House. Mr P. Thomson pro- posed that the second reading of all Railroad Bills should be postponed for eight days. mean- while the Committee would endeavour to point some rule by which the House should judge of the merits of each scheme. Sir Robert Peel Agreed with the President of the Board of Trade in the main principle of his proposition, and should vote for the motion. The Hon. Baronet thought, however, that the postponement of the second reading of the Bills would put the parties to expense, aud inflict a hardship on them. finally Mr p. Tho'nson's motion was carried by a majority of 196. There can be no question that the subject of Railways is one that requires the inerference of Parliament. There are now Petitions for not less than 55 Railroads before the House—and let these schemes be carried on in the best banner, it is impossible to say how many legal points, questions of public faith, and even of rights of property may become involved by them. The largest land holder, and the peasant with only a scanty flower garden before his threshold, are alike liable to the invasion of right, which these schemes will necessarily in- flict, and the poor award wrung from a valuation Jury is seldom an equivalent for the depriva- tions they cause. There is also the question of transfer. It has always been the custom to aliow what may be termed a protected and pro- tective monopoly—and this becomes a question 'Of public faith. If the mode of transfer be Opened at an immense outlay, and upon full re- liance of a promise even tacitly made, there can be so doubt that whether it be a Canal or a Railroad, it becomes a vested right and should be held so. Again, it should be the care of the Legisla- ture that the projectors of those schemes should flat ruin each other, or delude the public. One thing is certain—that if all the bills for Rail- roads now before 'he House of Commons be married some of the schemes must he ruined 'by the operation of the others. The ruin to be Apprehended in such case is not easily estimated. Persons who by years of industry are in pos- session of some small capital, are wheedled out 'Of it by the persuasions and artful blandish- ments of Jobbers in Shares, or projectors of schemes, that in some instances may be got lip only to feed Attornies and other officials. The victims and their families are reduced to want, and the pauperism of the country is increased. As to the value of the Shares, we toeed not go further than Merthyr to know that, it is rather nominal than real--that it is specu- lation rather than intrinsic. In the Merthyr and Cardiff Railway, the jobbing in Shares, although it bewildered the one half of us, and struck the Other half with wonder, was not carried on to the extent it has reached in other place. Gene- rally it is the jobbing that gives the price to the -Shares. As a proof of this, we will illustrate "the Great Western. Shares. 25.000 Present Nominal Value 825,000 -Amount actually Paid 250,000 Xflficial Value raised by Jobbing* 575,000 As a mode of investment, if caution be exer- cised, Railway Shares may afford a good one- but it call only be so when the Legislature have so far controlled it as to prevent rash IlPeculatioiis, or nefarious transactions. The Committee in this case will not have a bed of rOSes. To do their duty effectually they should look well to the state of the markets, the con- tract deeds, and the estimates the number of shares held by the first projectors of each scheme, who are the real holders, and whether they are able to pay the full amount of the sum required to complete the work- in how many cases will it be found, on due enquiry, that the actual ;laolders of Shares could only, and that with diffi- culty, pay the Deposit Money ? We, of course, 'Ûnly put the question generally. The evil of Itbis is great. Heavy discounts are occasioned the forfeiture of Sliares by those who can- not hold after the calls are made for fresh pay- ments, and distrust is created, when the schemes -roe really good. There can be no doubt that perhaps the majority, of the holders of Shjwes are men of property; but they require Protection from the legislature. What, for ex- a,Uple, do one in ten of them know of the bene- fha or disadvantages of a line in which they "have embarked their capital beyond what some aieaUy.p.nU'ik(j and smoothly-written report may ,tell them ? We trust the Committee will ascertain the particular nature of each spe- culation, and that it will not only be content Ito investigate calculations, but that it will ascer- lair, the data on which they are founded. The ""mWer of Landholders, too, as ir Rober Peel very properly suggested, should be stated and iiie sum required to purchase the required land. If this be done, the labours of the Committee be useful and may prevent that immense reaction which will otherwise produce an awful effect upon the Monetary System generally. m e take the Figures from the Mining Journal— ell-inforaied Publication. That miserable wretch, Flcsclll, lias at length undergone the tardy just ce of the French tri- bunals. He, and his fellow miscreants, Pepin and Morev, were guillotined on Friday the 19111 inst. The details will be found in another column—they are given with disgusting ampli- itide, iii the French Journals. Tile fIlilrderers died as reckless as they had lived, and made no confession. Yet ihe business remains involved in mystery. That three or four obscure wretches, almost mendicants, should have concerted a design.which required m ney and time, seems extraordinary, and the latter part is the more extraordinary of the two, for the starving man or the furious one WAITS for nothing. Tlmt thev should seem to have no individual prompt- ings to the murier only renders the transaction more unaccountable. None of them appear to have had any peculiar personal injury to com- plaill of-lIone "f tbelll seem to Ilave beell mnch more Republican than Royalist. They had neither gained nor lost by the restoration of the Bourbons. The" Glorious three days" left r__ them where they hart found them. There IS no discoverable ground of enmity to the Ki ig, and no evident passion for a Republic further than the original propensity of all villains to a government which promises to indulge their natural appetite for blood and rapine. They had made no discoverable preparations for the future in case of the almost certain massacre of the King and his sons- We con- fess the difficulty still lies upon us of believing Fieschi and his accomplices in this most comprehensive murder, to have been the sole constructors of the plot; and we should not be surprised to tind thèlt much higher persons were busy in this sweeping attempt at throwing France into new confusion. That the murderers died without any con- fession of this order, proves nothing. The point of honor is often strong when every other prin- ciple is extinguished, and every French felon is proud of dying lik(; the hero of a melo diaina. Yet there was something observable in Pepin's answer to Fieschi's request on their leaving the prison-that he would tell the whole truth. "No, I can say nothing. I will not compro- mise fathers of familiesThere the matter rests. He would be urged no further, and he remained stubborn to the last. Still the strou- probability continues that whether this miscreant knew the higher organs of the conspiracy or not, there were such, and that they will yet be discovered to have been among the first names of the fallen parties of France. When Thistle- wood planned the murder of the Cabinet lie had a reason. I-le liad fallen from the rank of a gentleman into utter degradation—from com- r, petence to beggary, and from Loyalty to Demo- cracy. Revenge on Ministers and on mankind was the natural working of ruin in a profligate heart. When Bellingham killed the estimable Minister, Mr Percival, he was in despair of a daily meal, and half-mad with imputed wrongs. But here we have death risked on no conceivable grounds. The concealment of great names hitherto, proves nothing. When General Mallet's conspiracy actually overturned apo- leon's Government for the day, no disco/ery was made then, or since, of ttie, fraiiiers of the plot. Mallet was palpably but a tool. He was all but lumatic at the time, was taken from a mad-house, and put suddenly into a-General's uniform, and at the head of a body of troops with which lie seized nearly all the leading functionaries of Paris. i-ie failed by mere accident. But wluPhas sTiice heard of his em- ployers being brought to justice? Yet who doubts who those employ ers were ?