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THE BISHOP OF I ST. ASAPH.I
THE BISHOP OF ST. ASAPH. THERE is something about the Bishop of ST. ASAPH that arouses our sym- pathy. He is an ecclesiastic, but his humanity is much stronger than his ecclesiasticism, and rf he is a political Conservative, he can never- theless see the national dangers that lie smouldering at the back of the poverty and hopelessness of the masses of the people. Mr. BALFOUR has defined what is called tariff reformi, and his definition in- cludes a tax on bread. There can be no doubt about that. The BISHOP says that he thinks an assurance should be given to working people of the country that there is not the slightest danger in anything that is proposed of increasing the cost of the food of the people. That assurance has not been given. The tariff reformers, if they have the chance, intend to put a tax on wheat. This means that every child and every pauper and every working man, how- ever poor, will be Torced to eat taxed food. The poor may do without tea;, or sugar, or tobacco, or beer, but they cannot do without bread. The writer of this article has eaten taxed bread in a home of the poor and knows its bitterness. He has also lived on very little more than a pound a week, and knows what it means. The BISHOP says Assume, for instance, I am a working man earning one pound a week, and have got a family of little children. Someone has said if you want to know what a pound a week try and liv.e on it.' Very true. I think if I were in that position I should be anxious), rightly anxious, "as a father and husband, to know that the bread that supported those children was not going to be made -dearer for me in the future. I should like to have that point made perfectly clear by those who are proposing certain changes in our fiscal system." We are anxious, very, anxious, for the sake of the poor to whom we belong, and not for any political reason, that the bread and any other of the neces- saries of life should not be taxed. We believe if they had been taxed during the past few years, when the price of wheat went up owing to ordinary con- ditions, the tax would have been blamed and there would have been acute danger of revolution. It is of vital consequence to the safety of the monarchy that the poor in their severe daily struggle for existence should feel that at any rate the necessaries of life are not taxed, and that all the materials of industries are free from fiscal burdens. tariff reformers often say. and we presume they believe what they say, that under a system of tariff reform wages would be higher and that there- fore if bread was dearer the working m,an would be better off. Let us put this case from our point of view to the BISHOP. Suppose that trade im- proved under tariff reform,* or without tariff reform, as it is improving now, wages would not necessarily rise. Wages are not now rising. There are plenty of additional workers to be had at the same rates of wages and all that would happen would be that fewjer people would emigrate. Now, suppose that the number of workers increased by a hundred thousand, or a million), the other workers would be no better off because of their increased number, but they would be worse off in proportion as food was taxed. How is a person who has a thousand pounds a year to understand what an extra charge of a shilling a week meians on food? The rich people of the country have no idea how the indus- trial population manage to live on a far less sum per head than the indoor paupers in workhouses can be main- tained. Mr. BALFOUR, in his recent speech, played the part of political leader with all the great skill he un- doubtedly possesses. He does not want to tax 'food, and he probably realises that food will not be taxed, as tariff reform means suffering and scantier living for every poor person in the country. The Conservative party is in a tight corner, and the corner will become tighter* and tighter as the masses of the people become better acquainted with the results in other countries of taxes on food. — r The Bus Hon, referring to the Estab-I lished Church, said We are at a -critical point in the history of the I Church. I myself always felt it was best to speak qiiite plainly when the "time came, and I think the time has come to speak plainly now. I do not think any reflective person could take a survey of the situation as .it 'is to-day' without feeling that t" as far as the Church is concerned is a very grave out!ook that is U "before her—not because the merits "or demerits of the Church are to be 4 weighed separately and independ- | 'er}tly» hut because they are mixed up 4 vwith a number of other things, j Disestablishment and disendowment v has become a part of the programme "of a political party." We have no reIing- whatever against the Church of England, but we do not think that the BISHOP is right is his profound con- viction there is not one cry in England to-day which will stir the "working- men of England to the depths so much as the defence of the "'■•Church." The Church of England is hopelessly antiquated, and its State connection is a great and, growing danger, not only to the country, but to-itself. In England the people's atti- tude towards the Church of England is not the fierce attitude of the people of Wales, but it will either become that attitude or will lapse into sheer indiffer- ence. The government and policy of the Church of England are based on conditions that existed five or six hundred years ago. The Church of England clergyman is a sort of Little Pope. Well, in these davs the peoole will not stand a Pope, big- or littte, either of Rome or anywhere else. They will not even stand a Pope in the form of a life-long deacon. The Church Establishment is a political and unjust relationship, and if anvone wanted to strike a iatal blow at Welsh Noncon- formity as a political force the surest way would be to disestablish the Church of England in Wales. There is no possible justification for the State recognition of a form of religion which is not the religion of the bulk of the people. There was a time when the religion of the Church. of England might with some show of reason have claimed to be the religion of the whole people, but this is not so now, and it is monstrous that the wealth which wa!s supposed to be devoted to the religious requirements of the whole people should be monopolised by one denomination. Disestablishment yvilll come. It is sure to come, but the danger is that before it comes greater evils wtll have been brought into exist- ence than those which the Church Establishment embodies. There are millions of the people who do not care two straws about establishment or disestablishment, but they care in vague ways about the denominational .strife which exasits, a strife which tends to become more intense and embittered. The story of national life through all the ag-es is the story of people in the attitude of tariff reformers against the poverty-stricken masses, and the story of bishops and priests against the oppressed multitudes who did not be- lieve in the religion which was forced upon them. fin some slow], vague way the people have always won against priests and politicans., and they will win now. We are not going to prophesy, but there is no doubt in our mind that the rank and file of the people who live from hand to mouth and do not really carfe what happens to them in this world or the next will revolt if their burdena are increased, and then nothing on earth can prevent disaster. We do not expect the Bishop of ST. ASAPH to agrese with us. but we are convinced that the Church of England is fiar more a political force that a re- ligious influence, and the connection with the State is fatal to its usefulness and to its spiritual growth. The present outlook is not particularly bright, but religion will continue to exist) whatever may become of the churches, Conformist or Noncon- formist. Churches have died time after time, but nfeligion has always lived and will continue to live as long as life is full of mystery. Two thousand years lago, one now held in high esteem in the religious world' pro- tested against the religion of hjs day and was put to death. The same sort of protest is still necessary, and we think that the Bishop of S"r. ASAPH, if he were not a bishop, would; have strong things to say against political religionists. How hard it would be for the Bishop of ST. ASAPH to abandon his high place and to walk to some modern CalVarvi while he was being spat upon by the hooting crowds We are sorry for the Bishop of ST. ASAPH who sees down ways which he perhaps, not strong enough to travel. He is not atone in this weak-I ness. We all see crowns of thorns and crosses and have tasted hyssop, but we evade them T
MUNICIPAL ELECTION.
MUNICIPAL ELECTION. THERE were seven nominations for the two seats in the Town Council rendered vacant hy the aldermanic'elections on the 9th of t.his month. Of these Alderman. HOPKINS retired, leaving six. The electors are thus afforded another opportunity of bringing fresh men into the Council with a view to getting rid of the miser- able state of things which at present prevairs. We are not going to say a great deal about the candidates. They are all well known to the ratepayers, and it is for them to decide whether an old member shall be re-elected or new representatives shall take their places. We think that the decision to establish golf links may be credited with the nomination o'f Professor EDWARDS. If he is elected and makes the links successful, he will have rendered a very real and important service to the town. Further, the College is an important national insti- tution and it is a pity that hitherto it has never been represented on the Council. At Lampeter, some of the best members of the Council are con- nected with St. David's College. There ane many occasions when it would be well for the College, which seems- to be working on more intelli- giblelines than formerly, to have some- one in tbç Council whQ oould speaH
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THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD.
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. THERE is no department of the State that we come up against so frequently and with such utter hopelessness as the LocaM Government Board. The reason for the hopelessness is not due to official incompetence, or to depart- mental Incapacity, but to the fact that the work the Local Government Board tries to do is so glieat that ¡it cannot possibly be done by any one body. County Councils were expected under the Local Government Act of 1888 to relieve the Local Government Board, but they have done nothing of the sort, excep, perhaps, in populous centres which have County Councils. The work of Parish Councils, Boards of Guardians, Rural Council's, Urban Councilsy and County Councils is in- creasing every year, and as the work grows the inability of the local govern- ling- body, whatever it may be called, becomes more .and more evident. We do not see any way out of the growing difficulty. Places like Pwll- heli, Cardigan, Welshpool, Lampeter, Corwert, Aberayron, Aberystwyth, Portmadoc, Aberdovey, Bala, and scores of others do not pay their officials, and cannot afford to pay them, sufficiently well to devote all their time to the work they are supposed to do. The majority of the members of local governing! bodies, again, do not know anything about the work that has to be donex and when the work is delegated to com- mittees there is just the same ignor- ance manifested and the same blunders made. The task of manamno- even a • O H, small town is not an easy one. Wp have taken interest in many public questions in the numerous centres where this paper mainly circu- lates, and we find everywhere the same apathy. The same reluctance to incur necessary expenditure, the same official slackness, the same spasms and lapses, the same lack of grip, and the same defects. The Local Govern- ment Board is not an efficient super- vising and controlling force. The work is too stupendous for the machinery. Why is this fact not realised? In a sensd small towns and rural districts are not fit to govern themselves-that is, they are not fit to say what shall be done or left undone in regard to sewerage, water supplies, housing, scavenging, the making- and enforcing of byelaws, and many other matters. Places like Man- chester, Liverpool, Leeds. Birmingham have strong and skilled officials) and whatever it is necessary to do is done. Neglect in populous centres, such as is common all over this district, would mean epidemics and all sorts of dis- asters. The very conditions of popu- lous centres enforce municipal effici- ency, but in small towns and rural districts the wrong conditions are ig'nored and th,e Local Government Board is helpless. It may be that there is no remedy but increased general intelligence. Unfortunately, as far as we can judge, the more intelligent section of people in every community, to a large extent, fight shy of the labour and responsi- bilities entailed by membership of local governing bodies), -from Parish Coun- I cils to County Councils. The work is too detailed and too full of all sorts of little personal interests. Again, any- thing like thoroughness isi resented, j and the reformer becomes unpopular. The Local Government' Bbard must know the nature of the defects we are ¡ t -J.t.jI ",Ml'PJ.IUIôI. trying to point out, and the wonder is j that no steps are taken to reform the' Local Government Board so as to ] enable it to grapple effectively local government.
SIR J. D, REES.
SIR J. D, REES. LAST week we inadvertently referred to the Conservative member for the) Montgomery Boroughs as "Mr." J. • D. Rrms. We had for gotten his title and had no intention to ignore it We congratulate him on his return, if it is a return, to Conservatism, and more heartily stiTT we congratulate the I Liberals of the Montg-omery Boroughs on the emancipation which he has at last given them. We never believed any more in his Liberalism than we believed in his silly questions in the House of Commons, and our readers will, we think, agree that if he believed in his Liberalism then we knew him far better than he knew himself. No man, as far as we can judge), was ever more completely out of place than Sir JOHN REES as a representative of Welsh Liberalism. It was not for us, how- ever, to play into the hands of the Con- servative party by openly opposing the member elected by Lbenals. What they were satisfied we had to tolerate, and it was only scant tolera- tion he ever received at ouit hands. Well, he has gone, and we are un- feignedly glad, though we shall gain no more by his removal than we gained by his arrival. The whole matter is a political one. and in no degrea per- sonal. He simply was not a Liberal, and now he openly says so, and we heartily wish him goodbye. The pity is that he did not go earlier. Now that the Liberals of Mont- gomery Boroughs are once more free, they will quickly find a sound local Liberal to take the place that Sir J. D. REES never filled, and we believe that they will declare with an emphatic majority that thp People and not the Peers must rule even over the members of the Second Chamber, and there will be a Second Chamber notwithstanding the gross and inexcusable misrepresenta- tion of Sir JOHN REES. The Conserva- tives are quite welcome to the runaway, if he is a runaway), which we doubt. We think Mr. LLOYD GEORGE will sur- vive, and we have no doubt that he fully appreciates the joke of the depar- ture of the unsatisfactory member. His departure is no surprise to us.
DISEASE AND DIRT AT DYFFRYN.
DISEASE AND DIRT AT DYFFRYN. THE newly-appointed MEDICAL OFFICER for Merioneth^has shown commendable activity in discharging his important duties. He has already taken action in various directions. His report on the sanitary condition of Dyffryn deserves the serious consideration of sanitary authorities. Improvements in regard to water supply have been carried out at Dyffryn, but it is shame- ful that the village should still be allowed to suffer from an ineffective and unhealthy system of sewage dis- posal. Dolgelley Rural Council have the advantagje of being served by in- telligent and active officials, whose efforts on the whole are supported by the members according to the measure of their intelligence. What we have said veryf plainly about Llanddewi, in Cardiganshire, is equally applicable, with variations, to. Dyffryn, in Merionethshire. A slight addition to the local rates is deemed to be of far more importance than the health of the inhabitants. We are not going to repeat; the disgusting details of the existing state of things, nor are we so inexperienced as to expect that the Dyffryn Parish Council will spend money merely to gpt rid of disease-originating filth. There is no hope of improvement), except from the action of the Local Government Board. anq, perhaps, the County Council and Rural Council. There is nothing peculiar about Dyffry n or Llanddewi. The evil is common throughout the whole district. For instance, last Monday morning, in Pier-street, one of the most important thoroughfares in Aberystwyth, spent matches, dust, waste paper, and other offensive matter had been s-w-e^t into the gutter w and was lying there..What can be-. expected from small villages when gross sanitary neglect gq.9 on year- after year in a town that spends hundreds of pounds a vear in adver- tising itself as the Queen of Welsh watering-places? The attitude of the people is wrong, and, consequently the local governing bodies, and their officials are indifferent and negligent. We reasonably presume that sanitary and other officials discharge their- duties to the satisfaction of-the bodies, by whom they are employed. Dyffryn wants delay, although disease is pre- valent and the filth is most aggressilve Houses unfit for occupation are occupied, partly because in some dis- tricts houses are scarce, but mainly because any sort of hovel is. supposed. to be good enough for the poor, there are ministers oli relijnorL Con- formist and Nonconformist* all over the country but they do. not seem to think that the decent housing of the people or efficient sanitation;, has any- thing to do with religion.. Our strong hope is in the Local Government Board whose inspectors, ought to force, at any rate, such a measure of municipal cleanliness as would ensure the poor from deadly i ^scases- We know that the Local Government Board is practically buried beneath its own load of 'work but the time has surely come when) something should be done to prevent death-rates in small towns. and rural districts being higher than' in the centres of large population of the United Kingdom? Will the newly- appointed MEDICAL OFFJGER for- Merionethshire be able to effect sanitary reforms? We doubt it. The average members of local governing bodies look upon analent tilth as a quite necessary and harmless condition, of village life, and no official can force the body in whose service he is to. pursue a policy of neform that is deemed to be unnecessary-
MONTGOMERY BOROUGHS.
MONTGOMERY BOROUGHS. THE Montgomery Boroughs are now happily iree and the Liberals in each of the centres are delighted. They may not win, but they will fight, and they will know what they are fighting- for and what they are fighting- against. It is never wise to be '°f° Mre f ™tory- The selection Of Mr. A. HUMPHREYS-OWEN- JS a wjse selection, and wo- think will arouse a measure of enthusiasm throughout the constituency that will leave the in no doubt. We believe the Liberals will win and that Colonel PRYCE-JOXES will be defeated by a larger majority than ever before. He is what he professes to be, and nobody has the slightest feeling- agamst him. He believes in tariff reform and in the hereditary House of Lords,, and he will- enable the Liberals of the Boroughs tc*. express their opinion in a most decisive way on these two important issues. Mr. A. HUMPHREYS-OWEN'S father, who succeeded Lord RESDEL as the Liberal member for the county, was well known in Wales as a public man, and there will be. a strong and wide- spread feeling of gladness to see his son in Parliament., The way to get him there is for every Liberal, no matter at what cost, to record his vote. The Liberal margin at the last election was so narrow that there is- no room for half-heartedness, and, happily, there is. now no cause for it. The result must not be left to the other person. Wales will be anxious about the Montgomery Boroughs, and it is hoped and believed that the result will not only give Mr. HUMPHREYS-OWEN a seat in the House df Commons, but will gtive Sir J. D. REES the sort of message he ought to receive for his, sort of Liberalism. Our temptation is to call it something else, but he has gone and he knows that we, at any rate, never believed in him. or truckled to htm. think h has treated the Liberals of the- Boroughs badly, but we have no doubt: that he has done what he thinks is right. There is not a great deal of time in which to fight the battle, but the new candidate is strong in many ways and well known. We think he | will match his Conservative opponeat in personal popularity, and alto- gether outdistance him as an upholder of popular political principles. For the Conservatives to win the Borough seat would be a sort of Conservative testimonial to Sir JOHN REES, and whatever else the Montgomery Borough Liberals ar.e anxious not to do, they are anxious not to glVQ their late member any sort of victory or com- mendation. If the Montgomery Boroughs are held by an increased Liberal majority, as we believe they will be, even Colonel PRYCE-JONES will he convinced thait his labours are in vain ort behalf of Montg-omeryshfre Conservatism. What is required is that each of the six Boroughs should do its level best from start to finish. Care should be taken by the local leaders not to run after any political red herrings and not to obscure the main object of the Govern- ment in appealing to the country by raising side issues. Œs it to be Peers or People? That, and that only, is the issue. We think the Montgomery Boroughs will declare on behalf of the. People.