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CWIIAVON.

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CWIIAVON. THE LATE DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION. TWELVE LIVES LOST. In our last week's issue, a brief notice was given of an explosion of fire-damp, at Cwmavon, on the previous Sa- turday, by which nine men and-three boys were killed. Ihe calamity occurred at Ynisdavid pit, at about ten o clock m the morning. As soon as the explosion was heard, some of the men immediately descended the pit, and soon found that their worst fears were realized-an explosion had occurred in the big vein. The intelligence soon spread—with the proverbial speed of ill news—above ground, and the agonised relatives and friends of the men at work in the pit soon congregated at the mouth of the shaft. Mr. David Thomas, colliery manager, with the most praiseworthy activity, made all the necessary pre- parations for bringing up the bodies of the dead and muti- lated workmen. W. Gilbertson, Esq., the manager of the works, was soon on the spot, and most active in ren- dering assistance. Mr. Pntchard and Mr. Russell were in attendance to render medical aid, and in short nothing was neglected which the emergency called for, and which it was in the power of the respected manager, or any one connected with the works, to supply. With as little delay as possible, the unfortunate sufferers were brought out of the pit. The following ire their respective names and ages :-Hopkin Hill, 50; Walter Morgan, 26; David Williams, 19 Hopkin Williams 27 John Lewis, 30 • Jason Evans, 21 John George, 13 David Morgan, 19 • Henry Griffiths, 35 Thomas Thomas, 45; David Thomas, 16; and David King, 25. All were dead when brought up, with the exception of Henry Griffiths, who lived for about three hours afterwards; Jason Evans, who lived about fourteen hours; David Thomas, who lived about twenty-five hours; and John George, who lived about half-an-hour. We will not attempt to depict the distres- ing scenes which took place as the bodies were successively brought into view. Out of the twelve men and boys who died from the explosion, eight were burnt and mutilated, the other four died from suffocation and wounds. THE CORONER'S INQUEST. The Coroner for the district, Alexander Cnthbertson, Esq opened the inquest on the bodies on Monday se'nnight. A respectable jury were sworn, and proceeded to view the bodies of the deceased, after which the inquest was ad- journed until the following Saturday, when it was again resumed, at the Mechanics' Hall, Cwmavon. T. Evans, Esq Government Inspector for the district, H F. Mack- worth, Esq., Inspector for Monmouthshire, and — Dic- kenson, Esq., Inspector for Lancashire, were present at the inquiry. The first witness called was- Mr. David Thomas, colliery azent, who produced a plan of the Ynisdavid pit, and W. P. Struve, Esq., C.E., testi- fied to its general correctness, as it had been made under his directions. Mr. Thomas then deposed as follows :—I went into the Ynisdavid p;t about half-past ten o'clock OB Saturday morning. On descending the downcast pit, which is the working pit, I proceeded along the upper four feet seam, until I came to the second drift of the big seam, where, after walking about forty yards, I saw the bodies of Walter Morgan, David Morgan, and David King. Pro- ceeding onwards as far as the heading on the lower leaf of the big seam, our progress was there stopped, the gas being too strong. I then thought it desirable that the workings in the lower four feet seam of coal should be examined and John Williams and Griffith Jones were sent direct to that heading. After stopping for about a quarter of an hour, I came to the conclusion that the men who were in- side of this point must have been killed, the heading at the time being full of gas. I gave orders to the men to remove the dead bodies, and then left that part of the colliery, came back along the upper four feet seam of the heading, and along the first drift from the pit. Proceeding along the lower four feet seam, to within ten yards of the outer- most door, I saw a great number of bodies On looking ever them I found John Lewis dead, about midway be- tween the two air doors on the upper four feet seam At the end of the drift I found the bodies of Hopkin Williams, David Williams, and 'ohn George, a door boy, close to the door to which he had attended. Within two yards of the body of Hopkin Williams, I found Henry Griffiths, who spoxe OThCe, but expired a few minutes after being brought up. On the opposite side Jason Evans was found alive, and was raised and placed in a tram. I then went back along the same heading, for about a hundred yards, and it was made out that all the bodies in that district were found, SOllle dead and some alive. I then went back to- wards the pit along the lower four feet heading and the upper four feet, as far as the headings ou the big seam, and found that the dead bodies I had previously tieen on the drift had been sent out. We endeavoured afterwards to penetrate to the East heading in the lower leaf of the big seam, where Hopkin Hill and Thomas Thomas had been working. The gas at that time was not so strong as when we first attempted to enter it, and by placing men at dif- ferent distances from each other, we succeeded in getting out the body of Thomas Thomas, who was found in a sit- ting posture, about six'y yards from the drift. He bore no marks of external injury, and must therefore have died from suffocation. The next body missed was that of Hop- kin Hill, who had been employed in driving the same heading. Having been informed that he might have been at the time of the explosion about thirty vatds from the drift, fetching heading timber, I gave orders to examine those falls, and in the first that was partly cleared, was iound the body of Hopkin Hill. We were then sure that the whole of the bodies had been found, and proceeded to the top of the pit. Hopkin Hill was much burnt. His lamp was found on Fridav, about eight or ten yards from his body, quite uuinjured," with the cover on. The witness then described to the Inspector the manner in which the colhery was ventilated, and in answer to the Coroner, stated that lie did not consider the colliery more fiery than the other pits. There was always a large quantity of gas in the big seam. It would certainly be better for the safety of the colliery bad there been more ventilation than that I1 aCrn, ?3cnbed. In answer to the Inspector, he further saut this colliery is exclusively worked with safety lamps. The lamps have locks on them, but none of them in that pit are locked. I produoe the rules in use at the colliery. Lach man has not yet been furnished with a copy of them considerable delay having occurred in their delivery from the printer. These are the rules approved by the Secretary of State. Only a few davs before the accident Mr. Gil- bertson had written to the printer, requesting to have the. rules sent in, and saying that if they were not forwarded immediately, be would take other measures regarding them. The-colliery is examined eve)y morning by the wastemen, David Williams and Thos. Phillips, who are now present. Any serious occurrence would bf communicated to me through the overman of the colliery. Since the passing of the Act, to endeavour to carry out its provisions, we have placed a man in the pit to examine it daily, and to have more particular charge of the colliery, and to report upon any irregularity. The witness stated in answer to the In- spector, that Mr. Mackworth had called his attention, in July, 1353, to the necessity of having locked lamps. Out of 8001 amps in use at the colliery most of them were supplied with locks, but they were not locked. He also said: I have heard of men smoking in the pit and have had them fined for it. They light their pipes, I believe, by lifting up the gauze, or it may be done by drawing the flame through. Smoking is strictly forbidden, and the men when detected doing it are always fined. It appears that gas had accu- mulated in the pit to some extent on the day previous to the accident. On that day I heard that one of the doors in the upper leaf of the big seam had been left open, and I immediately went down and made minute inquiries as to how the door had been left when the men went from their work. I could not find that it had been left open by them. The door was about three parts open. It was constructed to close of itself, and I cannot account for its remaining open. David Williams, fireman at the Ynisdavid pits, said Mv duty is to go down in the morning to try the fire, to put up brattis wherever required to carry on the air. I and Thomas Phillips went to work on Saturday, about four in the morning, and found no fire in the colliery. Found the works in every respect fit for the men to pursue their employment. On the previous day I had found the door open in the big vein, and am not able to state the cause why it was not shut. I came up to the mouth of the pit and told John Griffiths, the overman, of the door being open. I and John Griffiths went down, and no one was allowed to go to his work until the fire had been cleared off. On Saturday morning there was no appearance what- ever of fire when we examined the works. We found fire in no place but one, and that was in the lower four feet at George Hunt's stall. The men went to their work on Saturday morning soon after six, and the explosion took place at a quarter to ten. On the morning of the accident I examined as high up in the big vein as I could go. There were some places in which gas might have collected which I could not examine. A fall prevented the examination in one part. When I examined the big vein I will swear that I found no indications of gas in the top holes. Thomas Phillips, road-man, corroborated the evidence of the last witness as to there being no fire-damp in the work when examined on the morning of the accident. John Griffiths, fireman of the pit, said it was part of his duty to examine the lamps. He could not say that he saw the whole of the lamps on the morning of the accident, but he examined part of them. From his inspection he could not say whether the whole of the lamps were perfect or not. On leaving their work the men gave their lamps to a lampnian, named Joseph Morgan, and witness relied upon the examination made by him. In answer to the Inspector he said On the morning of the accident. I found fire in George Hunt's stall. It was a very fiery vein where the explosion occurred. Coal had fallen, and by falling I think it had struck the brattis, and gave off the gas, which coming in contact with a broken lamp had ignited. I do not think there was one bad lamp in the pit. One of the lamps might have got damaged. Have seen lamps in this colliery with the tops off, but only where it was allowed. There were altogether 79 men and boys at work in the pit. I had a copy of the rules in Welsh. Mr. Gilbertson said that those were not the Govern- ment rules, but were the rules in use protam. until the nev^ones could be had from the printer. He produced a copy, and proceeded to offer some observations as to the steps he had taken with regard to providing rules. In the course of January he (Mr. Gilbertson) received a printed circular from Mr. Evans, containing instructions from the Secretary of S'ate as to what the rules should and should not contain. After receiving the instructions he consulted with Mr. Struve and other coal proprietors in the district, with a view to secure, as far as possible for all the works in the neighbourhood, one set of rules one translation of them, and one glossary at the end of the rules. To secure a uniform translation it was agreed to employ one printer for all. He (Mr. Giibertson) had applied several times for his copies, but could not get them. In the meanwhile the rules raised under the Act by the company were stuck about the colliery, but not distributed generally. Mr. Evans remarked that some months had now elapsed since January. The rules might certainly have been provided before this by engaging some other printer. Mr. Gilbertson said that to get the rules translated into Welsh, and secure a uniform translation, one printer must be emp oyed by all. John Dale, collier, said I work in the big vein of the Ynisdavid pit, and have been employed there for ten months. Recollect no accident before Saturday last. I do not consider it a fiery colliery, but a very safe one. On Saturday morning I went to work about five o clock, and observed no indica'ion of fire :n any stall. I saw Hopkin Hill in his own heading, but observed no in- dication of fire there. His lamp was covered as well as mine. I never saw him work with an open light. Mr. William Price Struve, C.E consulting mining engineer to the Cwmavon Company, said he examined that part of the work which a)p ared to him to be what might be called the focus of the explosion. It appeared to him to have taken place between the lower leaf of the big vein and the south end of the drift, becauase he found there evidence of the greatest violence. From the appearances and situations of tho bodies when found, he was also led to believe that this was the chief scene of the explosion. With regard to the ventilation ot the works, he might say that when the company took possession of them, the ventilation was very inferior indeed—not more than 3 O'lO cubic feet of air per minnte. Since then it had been much improved, and sJwpresent he should think it was very nearly double that to which he had alluded. Notwithstanding this, he had strongly recommended Mr. Gilbertson, for the company, that the ventilation of this colliery and the engine pit should be generally improved. The three Government Inspectors present made some observations upon the necessity of having the colliery better ventilated, the distribution of rules among the men, and the adoption of locked lamps. The Coroner said that it was very desirable that the observations of the Government Inspectors, and ot Mr. Struve should make their proper impression in the right place, and the jury and himself might feel a desire to have the recommendations of those geiitleniencarried into. effect,- but it rested more with Mr. Gilbertson and those, who had the conduct of the works to attend to themL than themselves. There was no doubt that the rules should "have been had in time. but be could hardly suppose that, if they had been put in force, and it every man had been supplied with a copy, it would nave prevented the occurrence of the accident. It was, how- ever imperative that locked lamps should be used in these works for the future. Now, in cases of this Kind, the duty of the jury was to pronounce a verdict that the deaths had been occasioned by an explosicn ot fire damp, as to the cause of which there was no evidence 'before them. No one could prove how it took place The Jury expressed their concurrence in the-remarks of the Coroner, and returned a verdict accordingly. The inquiry then terminated, at about half-past three o'clock, after having lasted for five hours.

MERTHYR.

.LLANELLY.

MEMORANDA IN REFERENCE TO…

BY EL ROT TO TK LKG UAPIL

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Ijjtppittg IMUigfttr?.

Family Notices

--♦-BRECON.

CARDIFF.