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'TOPICS.

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'TOPICS. By "Apricola," of the II Field." When the question was first propounded that to -1'10' nf •vide n remedy for the present, great scarcity ot ^valry liorses the Government ought to consider lta Public duty to offer prizes for thoroughbred Alliens, with the view of retaining the best in he kingdom, the proposal to transfer the money now expended on Qvieen's plates at ip.c.ng meeting8 to that, object seemed unanswerable, lnd Public opinion hns so thoroughly endorsed it, d r 'I'd h,(),. lit so much force to bear on the point, 'lt the Government have at length given way. that Mr. Giibey asked for is apparently to be Wanted. The value of the Queen's plates '«'tbou. £ 3(Q00 per annum. To this will be added ^,0QQ in(,rti £ 10m l|ie jjuiional Exchequer, so that 'leneeforth, in addition to the annual prizes offered :Y the Royal Agricultural Society, £ 5,000 will be Zor,ti-i ut, by the Government to ensure the s^»ie object, that of preventing the best thorough btt<i stallions from being picked up by the agents of foreign Governments, and their being planted K Citable stations in England to be on service at derate or comparatively low fees. represent, this as any adequite aid to the farming classes of a nature to enable them to grapple with agricultural depression would be altoSether wrong. SLill, if tliet-o is a beLLei- inland for half-bred horses tlian for any others, ¡ere ap\Jeus to be DO f('ason why farmers in •stieral should not endeavour to bieed them mora ifi*"go!y. Thosi who advocate this view must. a°v'ever, prove that it will pay to undertake the Sllterpri!Se_ Hitherto farmers who have been enabled 10 do anything in horse-breeding have !hUc'> preferred to produce cart colts, because 'heV come to uiaiuvitv and are conveitible into iliucit eit-lier than auy description of riding 3r Couching horses. For this reason I aifl ot ^Pinion that it will he necessary for the Govern- 1ent to purchase half-bred fillie* and geldings at lVvo years old if the scheme is to prove reilly )etleflcial to the bulk of farmer?. No doubt matin, Of OUr country gentry, and also It few large tai- ^er?, will benefit; largely by being able to get ^'•ir mares served by first-class stallions at low £ es> but we want something in tiitS^ times that 0 III ditribllte benefits widely. Tliis is scarcely the kind of summer calculated to brjn nut fully into illUi'tmtion the advwtagP'l "f the ensilage svsr.em. When grass can be con- VL'rtL-d so r;tpi'lly and- clieipiv to lity, ;is lias ba-n the case in the late drought season, few will care to Place it into a silo; «hil-\ on tho othor band, whatever has been grown in the shape of 8veen crops has been so badly wanted for Ílnme- aia,e feeding purposes, that coliipiil-atively littlv Neither rye, vetchos, or trifoiium could be spared rOt' convC¡-hion 10 silage. Still the root crop is so different over wide districts of the southern half n thy kingdom, and hay and.straw fodder being ^ewise in short supply for winter food, that it lllVthingcan be converted to silage in the ensuing l\1tUtnn the prooable advantage would be onl} too ¡¡,teut. Under tliese circumstances it it; salisfac. tory to know that the season has been favourable wherever a good plant could be ob- 'a'Ued. Those accustomed to cultivate it wili, '^erefore, it is to be hoped, be able to contribute, considerable supply of silage to their winter .tores of food from that source. Possibly, too. wiil now grow so rapidly that we may litive IUOre tliun enough for passing needs a month hence, Wllen, pro-jably, some aftermaths may be cut for r°nversion to silage, sure to ptove invaluablo in tl,.e (lead of winter or early spring. Messrs. Carter and Co., the well-known seeds- rn"l1 of Hifh Holoorn, have recently pointed out that we have in sorghum saechiiratum a crop dually available as maiz-j for growing enormous S'een produce in the atauiun, after an early SDring autumn crop, such as rye, vetches, or trifoiium. b en previously taken. Advocates of the ^silage system have been eloquent over the l^ditioni\l wealth to be obtained out of the soil by lowing two silage crops in oneseison. If what ^ssrs. Carter and Co. alle?e Is to be thoroughly upended upon, sorghum ought to be adopted as he second one, for the seed does not require to be tinted until the latter part of May or the begin- of June, yet in about ten weeks the plants at such an astounding rate that an enormous bUlk of green fodder, rich in sugiir, and conse- quently of prime quality, will offer itself for ^ttjnor. Messrs. Carter and Co. have at the pre- tllno on their experimental grounds at frorest I.1ill a. magnificent, crop, the plants having reached a height of over 6ft., yet the seed was not. deposited Until the 1st of June. The utility of adopting torgliui)i as one of our most serviceable green crops was advocated some 30 years SiaCe, but wo had not the sau.O usi.S for then as we have now. Neither that l")P nor maize could be converted to the highest utility until the ensilage system came into favour, for the simple reason that in September and October, when this kind of produce would be Mailable as gveen f >dder for stock, there is usualh ibundanee of graes end other produce to answer the same object. Trtssure is being brought to bear on the Govern- ment to get grants for the furtherance of dairy 'ductition in E.,igiiitid. It appears that the Mun- Her Dairy School in Ireland has long been elldowed out of the National Exchequer, and the Wea is certainly a good one that what is right for Olle countl,y ought, to be so for the other, This Vvlll account for the effort-, iii-ido in Parliament Gently to obtain something for the Cheshire ba.iry S('!Jool. If thl!! is obtlÎned. the ¡;ffurt will 4"L probably stop here, inasmuch as the British ukilly Fiti'Mei-s' Aizsoci;ition lirs L-iken preliminary "teps for founding an experimental Dairy 5tl»tion, which, if established, would probably b e aim more eligible for receiving a Govern- ^ent grunt than the Cheshire Institution ,) dOllbt dairy education is the most popular cry ut the day amongst agricultural theorists, and Vv'th facts so very pa:ent that our home producers ^Ve nearly lost, their hold of the butter trade in 0l,t own markets, no other conclusion car- be 10''iried than that they ought to improve their listing methods of manufacture very much, with the object, of sending g.\oJs of far better quality t') licilirket. Still, the by which this can be done are so very si'uplo that we scarcely *e<luiru dairv schools or experimental staiiona to 8,1 force them. The chief source of the evil is the 41d system of milk-setting, which so frequently ^low3 the cream to turn sour ere it is skvmmed off the milk, and then it, is perhaps kept nearly a "'eek afterwards, turning still more aciid ere being churned. If farmers would only take the kl,ltis of always obtaining cream from liiiik hiJ the entire bulk is perfectly sweet, and v'°Uld churn at, least, twice a week, quite as good I te i- mi_,Iit be made in any part of Engla-id as in any part of France or the Scandinavian *sUnds. There are, it is true, a few other matteis ()f dead in making g. tOti butter, such as stopping the churning as t-oon m the butter has assumed ^"nuiar form, that the whev might subsequently k" expressed with greater efficiency, but our tt;'irywomen are tolerably well tkwiti-e already how ^cessary it is to take all the whey out oi the butter, and the agricultural press may be relied on to show the advantages of improved machines Nvlli(!Il have been. invented to carry out the object. The Gazette averages for wheat have declined to like 30s. per qr., and it is very much to ^apprehended that the price will decline gtiU °wer, because wheat is very cheap abroad, and hr'B beon poured into our markets recently in Bn°rinou8 quantities. Apparently foreign mer- nt%send their fhipments to our ports whatever the price may be, and although it has been de- P'Hred over and over again that, it can pay nobody, 6'*her at home or in any foreign clime, to go on ^r°ducing wheat at existing prices, cultivation still ^•fteds everywhere. The 'e are several reasons "'hy Ufitisli farmers do not abandon wheat- *t0x*iii|j ultogeiher, the leading one being that the of the impecunious section have not the ^Uisite capital to embark iu any other course of Sundry excopt that which deiivoi itt chief returns from corn-growing. It wheat does not afford them a profit for growing it at least gives quick returns. Many farmers of tlia needy class have been ncctistomed in the past to ell the whole of their wheat immediately after harvest to buy sufficient shepp with the proceeds to consume their root crops in the winter after which they sell the sheep again in time to meet Lady Day rents. Many who have been accustomed to take this course have very few turnips to consume this year, but they are not unlikely to thresh out their new crop of wheat very speedily all the same. Another class of farmers continue to grow wheat because they can make a good price of the straw, and probably in those localities where wheat straw fetches a good price, farmers would find it advan- tageous to reverse the usual order of things by sending the straw to market and keeping the grain at home to feed stock with. In a thickly-populated country like this the straw of all our cereal crops ought to be more marketable thiin it is, and would ti, so, no doubt, but for the foolish, unreasonable clauses in farm covenants, which restrict tenants from making any eales whatever of straw, If landlords and their agents really knew how very t. __4 iliaht is the manurial value of that article « ovould ce ase to insist on these restrictions. At any t rate, in times like the present, the farmer uught .0 enter on his business with a free hand enabled o aiakf the best of whatever he grows.

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