READ ARTICLES (14)
News
'IT FESTTNIOa ¡ jat IT:LTIDE HOLIDAYS.—During the latter part of pi the exodus by rail from Festiniog to different Ieftes wag very great. On atunhy more than 200 left ft Liverpool, and on Monday a large excursion jj] 0r Carnarvon, Llandudno, Bangor, &e. < Jreat people afeo went with the narrow gauge to Port- var- aud further on with the Cambrian line to Uu l0as places of amusement. The weather was very I ^Iany also took the opportunity to visit the £ e viaduct on the line from Bala (Great Western). Ufa v°rR Axt> Horns OF WOBKINO.— A large meeting held in the open air by the Market Hall last week consider the answers of the masters. Letters were J> ei}'ed from Messrs J. W. Greaves and Son, F. i 4crci,Val, Messrs Oakley, the Welsh Slate Company, j<- ljWt as the answers were considered unsatisfactory, ^Nvas unanimously agreed to hold out as strongly as (j^and to ask the employers to reconsider their <ler,!Si°n" It is very likely that the men will send a th PutatlOn to the masters, if they agree to receive thp1"1' the matter ove.- personally. Lntil now «)i 1 "*Vas a very cood understanding between the I'Ployed and the employers in the Festiniog quarries. jme »ien also consider the question now more Cq P°rtant than ever, because the different railway j^^panigg provide a conveyance to carry the tn everv night to their different localities. BOARD.— A meeting of the above Board AYAS (in °n Saturday last. Present: Messrs A. M. Dunlop \v\ithe chair), W. Davies, D. LI. Lloyd, David J> ilatns, Robert Owen, John Edwards, E. P. Jones, Jll■ ^nds, 0. R. Owen, John LI. Jones, G. H. clerk, A. Phillips, surveyor, D. G. Davies to/eetor. The tender of Mr W. Owen was accepted fcf le re-erection of the Market Hall and Assembly R-0"1! Blaenau. His was also the lowest out of applications which came to hand for the ioii°e assistant collector. The question was ad- ae>d until the next meeting. A vote of thanks was y, 0r'led to Messrs J, Edwards, and Robert Owen, for recent visit to Denbigh, Rhyl, &c., at their own Sch se5i' for the purpose of inspecting the different hQ e^es of drainage, and to have every information before starting with the works at Festiniog. l' DRAINAGE. V jle following report by Mr Edwards on drainage visited by himself, Mr Robert Owen, and Mr Jj'ips will be interesting to our readers i„—The main drain of this village runs tato. al°Dg the road, and then across a field into a fi "^iiich Ts within a few yards of the Lledr river. *ae tank is Subtantially built and divided into com- iro Illents with gratings. The sewage is discharged Z the tank into the river through a pipe. *lir —The sewage drains of this town run <w^c.t into the river. There is no tank. The main r ^on pipe is fifteen inches in diameter. Last year ^"as a dispute amongst the sanitary committee of respecting the necessity of having a tank, ,.a party opposed the construction of one. An to i tion was made to the Government Inspector hy' ecide the matter, and he visited the place for that Ov, and decided in favour of the party that P°sed the construction of a tank. main drain of Ruthin runs into a small situated close to the railway station, which is W1't 200 yards from the town. From the tank the is discharged into a pipe which runs across a Vh" There are several branches from this pipe f4r'c}l convey the sewage to different parts of the fig/1.1- At the end of this pipe that runs across the ao, there is a small wooden tank to receive the oyer- ?ev,'age which is discharged from the tank into fiver regularly. main drain of this town runs into fet separate tanks GO feet long, y, feet wide, and ,4 (Wp. The tanks are semicircular with wire )f 'ngs near the centre of each. The pipes are cast Ma inches in diameter. The tanks are situated on about a quarter of a mile from the town. We to ascertain what the owner of the farm pays for The overflow sewage in wet weather and the crops are heavy runs into a river which is twenty yards of the tanks. —All the sewage of this town runs through I leilWare pipes for about a mile from the town into tank about twenty yards long and fifteen yards tl^" This tank is divided into two compartments, so cle 0lle compartment is used while the other is iw^d. The pipe that runs into the tank is eighteen Wes in diameter. At the discharging end of the there are two pipes, one from each compartment, 4fee are joined to another pipe nine inches in diameter V yards from the tank and from this pipe there <lj(r 8everal branches which convey the sewage to ilj. pent parts of the farm. The sewage tank is let to <l0S*e ou a lease of twenty-five years for the rent of t) year- His farm is 120 acres. The population VVQ^bigh is a little over 0,000 and the cost of drainage 8 according to information given was £ 6,400. The iJUv.'lage system of this town and the works are inuch Vv0, r'°r to any of the other places we visited, and we strongly advise the Board to adopt the same \rer111 as Denbigh, of course we would not require so ^'lfkar?e tanks, provided that our drainage system tr ft divided into sections, and I believe my friends the en and Mr Phillips are of the same opinion with 4(¡t 63Ceeption of one point upon which Mr Phillips does with me, which is, that he thinks our soil is to absorb or suck up the sewage and surface the r' ^ut he is very much mistaken, as we know that greatest portion of the soil of the Vale of Clwyd is peeâîYey nature winch will not drain the surface so Sin 1 Y as the soil of our locality. VJt.i Ce our return from visiting the above sanitary We wrote to Mr Lloyd, Mr Davies, and Mr lIčllarns, asking them to meet us at the Festiniog VJh 8ei aud we walked and inspected both sines of the C|w?e' and found that it is a favourable ground to tw^ct main drains. First, to commence near tiie and Blaenau railway station, running down ee back of the south side of the passing tlrb 01rongh Arms, and then into a field on the side of road leading to Talybont. The second drain hlf, commence from Highgate, or a little above, and 'trough Tynymaes, crossing the lield below the J^ 'yard, and joining the first-named drain a few ^oelow Brynhyfryd. These two drains would be '\ient to take all the sewage of the village. also found a convenient place to construct a tQè and the surrounding fields are favourable to take IW^age, being of sufficient area for the present ^r^tion and any further increase. Mr Davies out the fact that a large area of the p near the tank is covered with trees, and he that trees absorb the noxious gases of the g, has been partly arranged to construct the Wj* drainage of the Festiniog village by itself, it 'Je advisable to proceed with this work first, q,tld advisable to proceed with this work first, ()thel'e are of opinion that it is more needed than any \y Pai"t at present. <W Propose that the next section shall start from and run down parallel with the road passing ?s Arms, and then into a field belonging to Of ^ocyn farm, which is suitable for the construction The sewage is to be conveyed from the tank field into tw o other lields belonging to V farm, or the main drain may run, passing aQ(* Llanyrchymoch, towards Tynycefn, where ^an<l to receive the sewage may be found, and tjf to '^er drain will start from Bethania and take part ail1(}lr Crosses to Cwmbowydd, and the remaining %t ('raia will take the sewage of the other part of Wsses, Rhiwbryfdir, and Tanygrisiau, and run I)ol wen farm, and the tank should be con- t At OK 011 ^'ie hi^lier portion of the farm. (1 t¡hehnsford, many years ago, the Local Board ,<llid t l plan of deodorising the sewage and selling the 'tiga^es'duum, but discarded the system in favour of '0tl' although it is in the centre of an agricultural where a good price could be obtained for After discarding the deodorising system they discharged the sewage on to land at a rent, but ^Ulit-^y bought a farm of about 100 acres. The At IOn of this town is about 1,000. ^°uthampton a few years ago the A.B.C. Com- « bn-lert°ok the deodorization of the sewage, lmt expensive tanks abandoned the scheme K e 'ri'igation system was adopted instead. After 'Vef. VTredischarged on land the water runs into a « At le s°heirie answers well. ,^tein lnchester also they have adopted the irrigation J thongij they are obliged to pump the sewat;e °v"ei< ilVety considerable height to get a fall to run Jhe land. TWoaCe IS more advantageously situated for the j j11 of the irrigation system than our locality. gftS a ^reat fall in our rivers for three miles, there ] flood in wet weather, and a sufficient supply M, ^v,, ,lu dry weather to receive the sewage from tiie ■Vr> ^tl 1C 18 very important. awe hope that you will give this matter ^^el>Careful consideration as it is very important wp11 should decide to adopt +he irrigation ih ? savi M*'ll a great saving to the ratepayers. PoIIJ.(1in"g will be at least from to £I,OOO, s f the cost of the working expenses of the pro- 0{ 1>hilliPS and the irrigation system the most favourable in England and as you ifj j"'CeSs ? 'las been adopted through all Wales with ^JJfay0, We may add that the Government Inspector °f the irrigation system.
News
——— ——— — pQV(^ay a shocking case of suicide was reported 'li^j'tt 1)^° ;it Leicester, a farmer and grazier named Put an end to his existence under very °vvr, ^Ucumstanees. It seems that the deceased, Wetltly a farm in the parish of Markfield, had loQL§ht 0U'^r?d from an affection of the eyes, which after^L 'u^ness» and rendered him unable to tint-1'! stock,aiul iiis farm. This so preyed on ^8 e\it his throat in a shocking manner, ud quite dead iu his bed-room. L
News
(Eorrcspmtbcitre. All letters must, be tcritten on one side, of the paper, and accom- panied bu the name and addi-exs of the. xcriter not necessarily for publication, but an a guarantee of good faith.
News
A BENEFIT CONCERT. Sir.,—A friend of mine has been kind enough to inform me relating to the disposal of part of the money received at the benefit concert held at the Swydd- ffynnon schoolroom on the 27th of April last. Finding that the large amount of four shillings and sixpence has been handed over to the sick person on whose behalf the concert was made, I beg the favour to ask what is the amount of balance now remaining in hand and when is it to be paid over to the sick person in question? I beg to state that the inhabitants of the neighbourhood that contributed towards the proceed- ings are anxiously waiting to see the matter settled. Pn{CIL\;E]. BLAEXPENNAL AND LOWER LLEDROD SCHOOL BOARD. SIB.—I was surprised to see in the ('aml>ri<tn Nrws of May 19th that the above Board had served their schoolmasters with notices terminating their engage- ment. What have the schoolmasters done Can the Board answer the question ? It can't be because they neglect their duties because the reports show that the schools are a credit to the county. How many schools in the county or in Wales can say that they have passed ninety-nine per cent. for two succeeding years, the same as Blaenpennal school has done under the mastership of Mr Rees. Is the Board not satisfied with ninety-nine per cent. ? The three schools under the present masters are doing well, the masters are kind to the children, and there has not been a single parent complaining that his child has been punished. The salaries received by the head teachers are not large an average of about per annum. Nobody will say that the said sum is too large for well educated young men to live up amongst the hills, so far from every5amusement—quite the same as if he were living among the Himalayas. I have heard that the member who proposed the reduction in the masters' salaries is not on cood terms with all the masters. I hope that the ratepayers will insist that justice shall be done to the school masters. D. S. E. SIR,—I understand that you made a very plausible effort to give your readers a full report of the last meet- ing of the Blaenpennal and Lower Lledrod School Board, and I am happy to inform you that, notwithstanding the determination of the members to admit no one but themselves, a very valuable suggestion made there has been communicated to me. I hope you will publish it. as I think it will be greatly appreciated by school managers throughout the country. One of the members denounced with remarkable force the present arrange- ments by which the accumulated dust (crumbs included) was removed from the floors of the schoolrooms, and proposed that henceforward it should be done by the head teachers in person, mentioning the Llan—g—n and Cwm th schools as examples in which the plan worked successfully. There is no reason to suppose that the teachers would be as expert in their new duties as they were in the old, for, as yet, no provision has been made in any training college for giving the students instruction in sweeping floors. The authorities of the Carmarthen and Bangor Colleges would do well to give immediate attention to the defect, and get their students to pay less attention to the Binomial Theorem and more to the brush; to mind less about the abstract theories concerning the generation of heat, and more about the practical work of kindling fires in elementary schools. A prize may be offered by way of encouragement to the one who managed best without dirtying himself. I mentioned the plan to a friend of mine. Far from applauding it, as I expected, he lost his temper and ex- claimed that" Those members who clamour so much for economy ought to prove their sincerity by doillg such little jobs themselves," and had the boldness to claim that reason and justice were on his side, "for." said he, "which of the members undergo half the fatigue those teachers undergo every day?" I have only to account for his absurdity and total inability to form a judgment on such masters by stating that he was net a member himself. NEMO.
News
ITALY AND ENGLAND. The following article appears in the Corrn're del Mattino (of Naples) of the 16th May-.—Anglia Docct.— The consternation into which Europe has been thrown by the atrocious assassination committed in Ireland seems to us excelled by the admiration merited by the noble and wise conduct observed on this lamentable occasion by the political men and the people of Eng- land. If, on the other hand, a crime sufficient to dis- honour a whole race has been committed, on the other there has been offered an example which does honour to a great nation, confirming its fame as the most civilized of all. If, as Macchiavelli wrote, wisdom transmigrates from one nation to another, one might say, in more than one sense, that the soul of the ancient Romans is revived in the English people, and guides that nation in its manifestations of the strong, equable, and wise spirit which was the glory of our forefathers. No nation could be more moved and offended by the vile deed done at Dublin than the English—a deed which, besides the ferocious barbarity of the act, assumes the character of a defiance cast in England's teeth by the old rancour and inextinguishable aversion which separates Ireland from Great Britain. Under similar conditions the outbreak of so many commotions would in other countries, have afforded a pretext to overthrow the Ministry, making it the scapegoat for faults not its own, merely because that outbreak had occurred during its administration. This is so true that the Italian leading articles all prophesied the imminent and inevit- able fall of Mr Gladstone, almost as if the assassins of two political men of the Liberal party could bethought to belong to the Ministerial party, while every one, with perhaps too much eagerness, did his utmost to exonerate the Agrarian League from the responsibility. What has happened in England ? Mr Gladstone, in- clining to indulgence, had, against the advice of the Minister who governed Ireland, and against the general opinion of the English people, released the imprisoned heads of the Land League. Mr Forster had sent in his resignation, and had told Parliament his reason for differing from the head of the Cabinet, pointing in very dark colours the situation in Ireland. Mr Gladstone chose his successor, who had no time to commence his office, for the assassins had condemned him before judging him. Mr Forster, therefore, had been in the right; the words he spoke in Parliament; the picture he drew of the sad condition of Ireland, of the anarchy that reigned there, received a terrible confirmation. Public opinion was horrified, and cried for vengeance. Mr Gladstone himself was stunned and dismayed by the new and unheard-of case. What moment could be more propitious for the adversaries of the Liberal party, a party accused of inaction, of improvidence in its illus- trious head; accused by facts, accused by the cry of blood? Well, Mr Gladstone's adversaries were the first to comfort the eminent man, and to offer their aid to vindicate violated right and to dominate the rebel- lion. Mr Forster, suppressing the feelings which his verified prophecy might have produced, in case they were not already generated by the preceding difference with the Cabinet, promptly offered his services in any way that might aid that Cabinet in its now still more difficult task. The whole Commons, Conservatives and Liberals, with the sole exception of the Irish members, approved the measures presented by the head of the Government, measm-es so contrary to those which, a few days before, he had believed to be useful and in- dispensable to the point of depriving himself of the co-operation of one of the most sagacious and courageous of his colleagues. No one reproved this change; no one thought lihat he could be held even indirectly responsible for the facts that had aroused the indignation of all. Do we not seem to see in this conduct something similar to the magnanimity of the Senate and people of Rome, when they went to meet Yarro returning from the disastrous battle of Canna', and, instead of accursing him, honoured and thanked him' for not having despaired of the fate of the Repu blic
News
The "Sarmatian," which sailed from Liverpool on Thursday took about 100 farmers from Hereford, who have been sent out to Manitoba by Mr James Rankin, M.P. for Leominister, who some time ago acquired large tracts of agricultural land there. Those Hereford farmers who are married are accompanied by their wives. The efforts of the Government of Jamaica to intro- duce the cultivation of the cinchona tree into that islaud promise to be as successful of those of ilie Government of India, and may be expected in time to contribute powerfully to lower the high price of that invaluable drug quinine. Governor Sir Anthony Musgrave, in his report just published, directs atten- tion to the fact th?.t this year the article, which used to be known in commerce as Jesuits' or "Peruvian'' bark, appears for the first time in the list of West Indian exports. The bark sent away during the year, amounting to 23,9Sl Ib.. of the stated value of £7,:30:2, was chiefly the produce of the Government plantations. Sir A. Musgrave observes that a greatimpetus has been given to the cultivation of this valuable tree by the success attending the experiment undertaken by (Government, and it may be confidently hoped that in the course of a few years the export of cinchona bark will rank high on the list of exports. It is added that there is a large quantity of land available which is well suited for the growth of cinchona, for the acquisition of which on liberal terms facilities have recently been offered by public notification.
News
Imperial padhullcnt. HOUSE OF COMMONS, THURSDAY. Mr Parnell resumed the debate 0:\ the Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Bill. He said the inferences which had been drawn from Mr Dillon's speech were not warranted. That gentleman did not mean that his exertions to prevent outrages would be dependent on the passing of the Arrears Bill, or that any intimidation would be practised pending the settlement of the Land Question. They hoped that such settlement would lead to the transfer of the land of Ireland to her people, and so evictions would be put an end to, which was the original object of the Land League. No leader of the League supported the tenants could obtaui their holdings except by buying them. He admitted that boycotting had been practised in a way deserving severe condemnation. What Mr Dillon and himself objected to was the construction in the Bill before them of a fresh offence of intimidation, which would make legal and open combination in Ireland impossible. He only desired for Irish tenants as much liberty to combine as was enjoyed by English workmen. The passing of the Coercion Bill would throw everything in Ireland into the hands of the secret societies. Agrarian crime was steadily diminishing, aud he appealed to the Government not to play into the hands of Piuenix Park murderers. After several hon. members had addressed the House, Mr Trevelyan, alluding to the statement of Mr Parnell that agrarian crime was diminishing, maintained that that was an open question, and not supported by statistics. He complimented the Leader of the opposition on the manly and loyal assistance he was giving to the Government, the effect of which he did not believe was weakened by the speech of the Marquess of Salisbury on the previous night. As patriots and Englishmen the (Government were glad to have the support of the right hon. gentleman. To the reproach which had been cast upon Ministers that they were sending messages of conciliation and coercion to Ireland, Mr Trevelyan replied that that was quite true, but that they were not sending them to the same address. Sir R. Cross urged that the question before the House was one above all party considerations, and that men of all parties in the House ought to unite in the effort to restore order and provide security for life, property, and individual liberty in Ireland. The Conservative party were ready to give a hearty support to the Government of the day. in order that the present state of things in Ireland should cease. On a division the House negatived Mr Cowen's Amendment by 344 to 47, and thereupon went into Committee, but progress was at once reported. HOUSE OF COMMONS, FRIDAY. Sir Charles Dilke having declined to afford any information in respect to affairs in Egypt, on Mr Gladstone moving the adjournment for the holidays, Sir \V. Lawson complained of the reticence of the Government on this subject. Mr Gladstone refused to give any pledge that the British vessels in Egyptian waters should not be used during the recess for any purpose involving force; but he did not think there was any likelihood of the employment of force. Ministers understood the general sense of Parliament and the country in respect to Egypt, and would act in accordance with it. The sovereignty of the Sultan ought to be respected where it was not abused. The Government, however, could not consent to have their hands tied, and he deprecated discussion at that moment. Sir S. Northcote recognised the weight of the considerations submitted by the Prime Minister, A discussion followed upon the recent evictions on Lord Conclurry's estate in county Limerick. The House went into Committee on the Prevention of Crime (Ireland Bill, and after negativing an amend- ment by Mr Healy to the first Clause, progress was reported, and the House adjourned to Thursday.
News
THE SLAVE MARKET IN MOROCCO. A correspondent of the Standard says that the British Mission still remains at Morocco, and is likely to do so some little time longer, if all one hears of the dilatory ways of the Moorish Court in matters of business be true. The advent of four European Missions within as many weeks, and the preparations for the contemplated expedition to the southern province of Sus, have thrown the Sultan and his ministers into an unprecedented state of excitement. It is satisfactory, however, to hear there is every hope that the various claims of British subjects on the coast, which amount altogether to a considerable sum, are in course of being settled in a satisfactory manner. Negotiations are also said to be in progress regarding a new commercial convention, which would confer considerable benefit alike on traders and on agricultur- ists by effecting a material reduction in the export duties upon grain, which at present are very heavy. Whether the counsels of the British Envoy, Sir John Drummond Hay, are listened to or not on this subject is unfortunately a matter of little immediate interest, for the poor people will have more than enough to do to secure sufficent grain this season for their own consumption, but in favourable seasons there are few finer grain-producing countries than Morocco, and any encouragement given to agriculturists to induce them to extend the present area of cultivation is of import- ance Since my last letter, I have had an opportunity of seeing the slave market here, which, however repulsive it may be to English ideas, is of no little interest as an indication of the habits and customs of the country. The fact is that everything here is looked at through the medium of ancient custom, and life elsewhere com- pared with the luxurious comforts of the harem. By the Mahometan law, no man is permitted to have more than four wins; but there is no limit but that of the purse to the number of female slaves who may be added to his establishment. The Sultan's ladies are numbered by hundreds, if they do not indeed reach the four figures and in proportion to his position and wealth, the well-to-do Moor in like manner has a large or small harem establishment. The Sultan has the privilege of conferring the honour of entering his harem upon whom he will, and any girls in the provinces who are more than ordinarily pretty, are sent up to the Court for his inspection, or sent to him as a compli- mentary present. Men in high positions, as the Vizier, are also often presented with lallies, and being frequently very wealthy, complete their establishment by private contract, paying, perhaps, £200 for a girl they may admire. The ordinary well-to-do Moor, of whom there are a large number of the merchants class, have to content themselves by buying in the open market, and, consequently, the slave-market is a highly patronised institution. The Court in which this is usually held, on three days in every week. opens out of the labyrinth of small, narrow, streets which form the bazaar or general market of the city, a place in which the higher class of Moor would not on other occasions deign to be seen. As the afternoon '.wears on, however, they may be seen ambling down on their gaily caparisoned mules, with a slave walking behind them, to the entrance of the Court, where they dismount, and recline in picturesque groups round the enclosure. About the same time arrive by twos and threes those who are to be sold, being placed by the salesmen in some small recesses or stalls opening on to the Court. On the occasion of which mention has been made there were about fifty or sixty persons for sale of both sexes and all ages, most of them black as jet. and from their features evidently natives of the Soudan, some of whom were to be sold only in lots, with two or three children. These were the drudges for house and field work, the price of whom is always moderate, and strictly commensurate to the amount of work they are likely to be able to perform. But beside these were two female figures who evidently excited no small amount of interest in the grey-bearded old Moors who formed no sm ill proportion of the purchasers. One of them was a closely veiled Moorish girl, whose features were revealed only to inquiring customers, but who from a passing glance did not appear to be remarkable for her beauty the.other was a really pretty girl from the province of ns, whose rose-coloured caftan and green silk head-dress contrasted pleasantly with her olive complexion and long black lashes. These were all neatly and tidily dressed, bearing no sign of ill- treatment or scant nourishment, and were treated with all consideration both by salesmen and purchasers, though the examination made by the latter of the teeth, arms, &c., of those they bid for was very repul- sive to those unaccustomed to such sights.
News
HOIXOWAY'S PILLS.—Iuvalids distracted by indiges- tion and discouraged in their search for its remedy should make trial of this never-failing medicine. A lady. long a martyr to dyspeptic tortures, writes that Hollowav's Pills made her feel as if a burden had been taken her. Her spirits, formerly low, have greatly improved her capricious appetite has given place to healthy hunger her dull, sick headache has departed, and gradually so marvellous a change has been effected, that she is altogether a new creature, and again fit for her duties. These Pills may be administered with safety to the most delicate. They never act harshly. nor do they ever induce weakncss; they rightly direct deranged, and control excessive action. LAKE'S COM PLEXION I'IIX¡,EH, The"c Vilulcs are n. careful combina- tion of the Allopathic amI Homeopathic systems of medicines, alld are confidently recommended as u, cert.aill curc for skin affections of every description. Their dired action ill pv.rifyiny the blooo is apparent by the speedy removal of Pimples, Acne (or black spot), roughness of the skin, flushing after meals, ano other 1lIlsi;htIy evidences of p, disordered >;to1iH1.ch. Their beneficial influence on the diestioll renders the breath sweet and agreeable, and com- pletely" removes the ;uUlo\v appearance of the skin cansed hy local disorders, quickly restoring the complexion to its natural condi- tion. They invigorate the system, irivc tone to the nerves, sparkle to the eyes, create a feeling of health and exhilaration produced Iw no other remedy. Order of your Chemist, old in boxes conven- ient for the pocket bv all Chemists at Is. Ud. and 2s. Oil., or post free, in sealed packets, for 1;, or 34 stamps, by J. E, HniO, Pharmaceutical Chemist, 32, Addle-street, Wood-street. Cheap- sidc.London. l11314 Parties about furnishing will do well to get their Ironmongery from DAVID'ELLIS'S Ironmongery Stores. I D. E. has a large Warehouse at the back of his Shop.
News
THE APPROACHING COMET. The "Comet Wells" now rapidly approaching visibility, was discovered on the 18th of March, and was then seen, not as a mere nebulous mass, as is usually the case, but as a fully displayed comet, with nucleus and tail, afar off. As soon as might be its path was determined, and predictions were made as to its aspect and brightness when it should come within range of the natural sight. It was speedily asserted that it would become an object of attraction, and that its brilliancy would be such that it would be seen in the daylight. That such may be the case there are many precedents to show. Before the Christian era (B. C. 183), a comet was seen more brilliant than the sun." In France, in A.D. 1264, a celebrated comet appeared in the middle of July after sunset, and subse- quently, exhibiting itself for two months and a half, disappeared "on the very day on which Pope Urban IV. died." In 1462 1 very large and brilliant comet, "a prodigy such as no one remembered to have seen," has been recorded. It increased day by day in size and brilliancy as it drew near the sun. On Palm Sunday and the two following days it "increased prodigiously," and the ancient chroniclers, not being possessed of telescopes, like modern astronomers, have recorded apparent dimensions very quaintly. Thus, of this comet it is written that "on Sunday its tail was twenty-five fathoms long, on Monday fifty, and even one hundred; on Tuesday more than two hundred." It then ceased to be visible at night, but during the eight following days it was seen close to the sun, which it proceeded. Its tail was not more than two fathoms long." but the comet was so bright that tha light of the sun did not prevent it being seen at noon day. The great comet of ];)00 was also visible in the presence of the sun. The celebrated astronomer, Tycho Brahé, discovered a comet in 1577, whilst the sun was still above the horizon. The like is stated by Arago, in 1743. The omct, he says, was first observed by the spectators in broad daylight and was thought to be a meteor. M. Otte, in his translation of Humboldt's :'Cosmos," states that in Massachusetts he distinctly saw it between one and two in the afternoon; "the sky at the time was intensly blue, and the sun shining with a dazzling brightness unknown in European climates." The comet of 1743 became so bright also that it was visible in the presence of the sun. Cheseaux relates that as that comet approached its perihelion the atmosphere of the comet, "continued to diminish in size," as if the augmented brilliancy of the head was produced by the disappearance of the nebulosity surrouuding the nucleus, or by a condensation of the nebulous atmosphere. The "Comet Wells." which is now after dusk—say ten o'clock—barely visible to the best eyes, can be very clearly seen through any ordinary opera-glass, and is a y 11 beautiful object in good telescopes, the nucleus, with its long, elegantly-formed nebulous tail. being perfect in miniature But each succeeding day the elevation of the comet above the horizon diminishes, and equally the region of light is being more and more approached and entered. Moonlight also follows sunset without interval, and as the perihelion of this comet will take place on the 10th of June, the interval does not present conditions favourable for the display of the comet. The actual conditions, on the contrary, will give the comet only the change of becoming notorious by its power of making itself seen iu a sunlit sky. Herr Lamp, in the "Astronomische Nachrichten," has given calculations that the brightnesa of Comet Wells will increase very very rapidly-one might almost say with the old chronicler, prodigiously "—day by day from June 1st to June 10th in the following proportions :— namely, 80, 93, 111, 136, 174, 235, 347, 595, 854, 1331, 2204, 3071—its maximum at perihelion. Its bright- ness will then diminish to 2512 on June 11th, and henceforth as 1548, 980, 074, 496, 3S5, 310, 257, 197, 144. 116, 95, to 79 on the 19th of June. The coming fortnight, therefore, will be a most inte- resting period for general observation. It is not always that from comets in the most brilliant appear- ances the most valuable information can be assured but it is under unusual conditions that intimate know- wl ledge may often be secured which might not otherwise have been obtained. Comets are very remarkable bodies. Their physical constitution and nature are no better understood by astronomers than by ordinary well-educated people. In the best of telescopes comets look no clearer, are not more defined than when visible to the naked eye. The individual comet is larger in proportion to the magnifying power employed; but no additional details have as yet been obtained by the best telescopes of practical service such as might have been expected, and as still may'be hoped for. A vast amount of crude materials has been accumulated, and some happy incident will sooner or later give a clue to some problem through which order and theory may proceed to a solution of the existing cometary mysteries. Modern researches have shown that there are immense numbers of comets, and that probably also most have periodic returns. The reappearances cannot be anything likely exactly calculated, because the orbits are so large and the accelerating and retar- ding influences so wide in range. It would be of no advantage, perhaps, to most people to tell them what the R.A. and N.P.D. of the Comet Wells on this or any other particular day will be, and astronomers will all possess some ephemeris which will give its daily path, and the information therefore will be of no utility to them. But it will be of service, however, to tell everybody that there are some things in the sky worth looking at after sunset, and where to look for them. In the western sky Venus is a lovely object at a moderate height above the horizon. Near to this beautiful planet, a short distance to the right of the spectator, is a very minute, exceedingly brilliant point of light that needs very closely looking for indeed. That is Mercury—a planet rarely seen, and most interesting, as one of the two smallest and nearest to the sun of any of the worlds of our planetary system. Look still further to the right, and there shines the bright star of Capella. Still a little to the right, and sweep the sky upwards with a binocular opera-glass, or common spy-glass, until the point of sight would approach to an angle of 40 or 45 deg. with the star, and the comet—perfect, with nucleus and long, elegantly-shaped nebulous tail -will be seen. If, having found it in this way, the sky be swept a second time, taking any chimney, side of a house, or other vertical object as a guide, thence- forth, either with glass or eye, the Comet Wells can be found when required with facility and certainty. Indeed, as yet this is the only practical way of detect- ing it by the naked eye. For the next fortnight the comet will be ir. its best position for observation, and all we shall practically or generally see or know about it will be obtained within that period. Thenceforth it will have passed the sun, and be again travelling into those awfully distant realms of space which it appeals the mind to contem- plate. Comets of long periods have, however, seem- ingly nothing to distinguish them from comets of short periods, except those enormous distances to which some of them recede. The comet of 1S45 is passing away to a distance of 6,200 millions of miles from the sun the comet of 1844 will recede fifty-five times that distance and that of 1864, it is assumed, will take 1,400,000 years on its outward voyage, and will occupy as many more on Its return. The comets of mean periods, such as those of 1812 and 1683, vary in perihelion distance from about 50 to 100 millions of miles, and in aphelion distances from about 3.000 millions to 6,000 millions of miles, and have periods of revolution of from about 60 to 190 years. There axe others, as is well known, of short periods, which revolve round the sun. such as Encke's. in a few years. The present comet, however, may prove disappointing, for it has become pretty certain that it cannot present any very grand appear- ance but what we shall see of it will be most interest- ing.
News
TERRIBLE RAILWAY ACCIDENT IN GERMANY. A disastrous railway accident occurred early on Monday at Wieblingen, near the Friedrichsfeld station, between Heidelberg and Mannheim, where, about one o'clock a.m., two trains came into collision. The engine andmostof the carriages of one of the trains are completely destroyed. One engine driver and twelve passengers have been killed. The number of persons injured is sixty. Fully one half of the injured passengers have received such terrible wounds that there is no hope of their recovery. The cause of the accident was that one of the men on duty had made a mistake in turning the points, where- by he shunted a train on to another going in the opposite direction. The pointsman, after muling the error he had committed, tried to run away, but was caught and placed under arrest by the police.
Detailed Lists, Results and Guides
TIDE TABLE FOR ABERYSTWYTH, PORT MADOC, ABERDOVEY, AND BARMOUTH. New Quay. Days. Aberystwyth, Aberdovcy. Barmouth. & Portlii-,tdoe. aTm. p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. p.m. pri 2! 7 47 8 8 8 16 S 37 7 57 S 18 Sat. 31 8 29 8 51 i 8 58 i <> 20 S 39 9 1 Sun 4 9 12 9 34 I 9 41 10 3 9 22 !) 44- Mou 51 9 5S :10 22 ;I0 27 10 51 10 S 10 32 Tues (>10 46 11 11 11 15 ;11 40 10 11 21 Wed. 7 11 :H I 11 58 i 0 3 0 27 11 i4 0 S Thus. S 0 23 0 48 0 52 1 17 i G S3 0 3$ 10 FAIRS IN WALES—THE ENSUING
Detailed Lists, Results and Guides
F-URS T--N' AVALES--TIJE WEEK. I June 5.—Aberystwyth, Llanybytiier, Llandovery. 6.-Tregaron, Llangollen. 7.-Carmarthen, Mold. S.-Wrexhaiii.
Advertising
j business jlbfovcsscs. SPMNG AND SUMMEK FASiriOXS. C. M. WILLIAMS JS NOW SHOWING THE LATEST FASHIONS IX MILLINERY, MANTLES, FANCY DRAPERY. NEWEST MILLINERY MATERIALS, FLOWERS, FEATHERS, LACES, R1 EBONS, ORNAMENTS, A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF STRAW AND CHIP HATS AND BONNETS IN ALL THE NEWEST SHAPES, CORSETS, GLOVES, AND HOSIERY. BONNETS MADE TO ORDER. H A T S T R I M M E D F nEE OF C H A R ( E Terms as usual—One price for all and ready money. Small profit, and quick return. Note the address— C. M. WILLIAMS, 94] .M PIER STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. • TO L A DIE S. THE SAN IT AIRE CORSET. THIS Corset is constructed to obviate the debilitating effects of ordinary Corsets, by relieving, the delicate aud vital organs of the female structure, preventing the damaging effects of mechanical pressure, and affording'a healthful and comfortable support to the wearer. PRICES: WHITE, 6/11 PER PAIR; BLACK, 7/11 PER PAIR. S. X. COOKE, LADIES OUTFITTER, PIER T., ABERYSTWYTH. SOLE AGENT FOR THE DISTRICT. R. D. WOOLFALL & COS. "PATENT LIQUID P AI NTS. THESE Celebrated Patent Liquid Paints v arc offered to the Public as SUPERSEDING Oil JL Paints in DURABILITY, APPEARANCE, and KEEPING COLOUR. They are the most ECONOMICAL Paints, either for inside or outside purposes and no matter how common or extensive the work, they are the CHEAPEST that can be used for PRESERVING and BEAUTIFYING Iron, Wood, Plaster, or Brickwork that is exposed to the destructive action of rain, steam, damp, or acidulous vapours. They have a SPLENDID and LUSTROUS APPEARANCE. AGEXTS:— WILLIAMS & WHITE A B E E Y S T W Y T H T. POWELL & ca; 31 ARRET STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. HAVE A NICE LOT OF WELSH HONEY iN POTS AT 1s. PER POUND. JOHN MOIK & CO.'S CELEBRATED JAMS. T76 1/G We have an excellent Stock of Bacon, Hams, Butter, 2/0 TEA Eggs, Flour, and all other Provisions. TEA b i s P c —: Q ? W e give special attention to the selection, purchase and = = :) -I l.I .l/ ? Js Jsj blending of »5 2, O 2 3 5? "3 "2. o •? d 15 111s TEA S' | f I 1- -3 S a 5 ST "> z: § rs 1-1 i And we can offer a very good article at a low price. Ë: = = __9_ il.j< ROBERTSON BROTHERS, 2/6 27, Church Street, TEA BLAENAU FFESTINIOG. TEA -To H N P THOMAS, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST, (SElOR CHEMISTRY MEDALIST.) 5, GREAT DAERGATE STREET. ARTICLES may be had at the above which are usually kept at first-class Chemists, at the most reasonable prices. Prescriptions and Family Recipes accurately prepared with pure Drugs ai2*l Chemicals. JAlES, HOSKING, AND MILLER, ABERYSTWYTH STEAM MONUMENTAL WORKS, MOOR STREET, AND OPPOSITE THE RAILWAY STATION, ABERYSTWYTH, MONUMENTS, TOMBS, HEADSTONES IN GRANITE, MARBLE, SLATE, STONEL MANUFACTURERS OF ENAMELLED SLATE AND MARBLE CHIMNEY PIECES, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF ENAMELLED SLATE AND MARBLE GOODS. AND AT PORTLAND PLACE, PROSPECT STREET, HULL. [a445 When you DFCKUf'S PARIS BLUE you get it! As bad qualities are ofteB substituted. The grcnuine is used by the Laundresses of THE PRINCESS OF WALES AND DUCHESS Of EOfNBURGH. THE LARGEST MANUFACTURERS IN THE WORLD trade Mark Lolman s A Mustard. MANUFACTURERS BY $PEC!ALWARRANT3? £ Qu EEN "ASK FOR GENUINEOR DOUBLE SUPERFINE" [ ROBERT ELLIS, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST, TERRACE-ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH. HAS REMOVED TO THE APOTHECARIES' HALL, (Lately occupied j'lr. J. H. Davies.) I Which are more convenient and commodious premises.