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SEVERN VALLEY NATURALISTS'…

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SEVERN VALLEY NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB. VISlr TO NANTYFFRITH, NEAR WREXHAM. The Severn Valley Naturalists' Field Club held tieir second meeting of the season in the Minera district on Thursday and Friday, June 29th and 30th. The mem- bers and their friends, numbering between thirty and forty, arrived at Wrexham on Thursday by the 11.4 aurt. train, and proceeded in carriages to Bwlchgwyn, where they were met by R. V. Kyrke, Esq., Nantyffrith, who h:-4 kirdly invited them to luncheon. The day of their happened to be a very propitious one, it being the appointed to "meet and make merry" on the occasion of the coming-of-age of Mr Henry Kyrke, Mr ^•yrke's eldest son. A splendid repast was provided in ? cavern near to the house, which is situate in the Nantyffrith Valley, and which perhaps can scarcely he Quailed for romantic beauty. The cavern was brilliantly lighted up with candles and Chinese lanterns, which, combined with the gay appearance of the immense com- pany, and the chaste and elaborate table decorations, presented a most enchanting and novel scene. After luncheon, Professor Beckett, F.G.S., so well known as an eminent geologist, and whose acquaintance with the neighbourhood is so thorough, read a paper on -the" Geology of the District." After the paper was read, a cordial vote of thanks was unanimously accorded to Mr Beckett, and the party then proceeded, under the direction of R. G. Jebb, Esq., down the Nantvlfrith Valley to Ffrith, and afterwards over Hope Mountain to Caergrwle Castle. After inspect- ing these ancient ruins, and partaking of tea. the carriages re-entered, and the party were driven to the Wynnstay Ar.-» Hotel, Wrexham, where they arrived soon after eight o'clock. Having partaken of supper, some business of the cluh waq gone through, and music and singing ended the day's interesting proceedings. Friday, it would appear, according to the programme. was intended to be the great day of the party. Breakfast was served as early as seven o'clock, after which a portion of the party visited St. Giles's parish church. The time being very limited, this venerable edifice did not receive the attention it deserved, or that the members of the club were anxious to pay it. Its fine appearance since its restoration, together with its many quaint tablets and exquisite monuments, were much admired; whilst many tablets which recorded the virtues of those who had "passed away" showed how very many changes have taken place with respect to families and estates in the parish and neighbourhood of Wrexham. Punctually at half-past eight o'clock the members of the club left the Wynnstay Arms Hotel, in carriages, by way of Bersham, for the mineral district of IVIinera. Among the company were the following :—Henry Dick- son, Vsq., president; George R. Jebb, Esq., Chester, vice- president the Rev. R. H. Cobbold, Broseley Rectory, hon. secretary; the Rev. Canon Kingsley, Chester C. J. Cooper, Esq. Henry Beckett, Esq., F.G.S.; —Higgins, Esq., president ot the Liverpool Naturalists' Field Club W. Edmunds, Esq., and Mrs Edmunds; T. M. Southwell, Esq., and party W. Low, Esq., C.E., Roseneath S. E. JNicholls, Esq. the Rev. G. L. Wassey; the Rev. Percy Andrews; the Rev. T. Groeme Littlecot, Rushall Vicar- age the Rev. R. Cotterill Wamestall, Dawley Magna Vicarage; Miss E. Brown; Ralph, Esq., and Mrs Ralph, &c. It was evident that the party intended the day to be one of recreation as well as of research, as was evinced by the pleasantry and humour continually going on. The drive from Bersham to Plaspower, the seat of T. L. Fitz- Hugh, Esq.. was very much admired. The streamlet which runs by the outskirts of the park, with its many little weirs and cataracts, the lodge and the iron bridge, "the fertility of the pasturage and the woodland scenery, teing the successive themes of conversation and admiration. The first halt was at the Minera mines, where Mr Low, C.E., of Roseneath, Wrexham, and the engineer of the pro- posed tunnel under the Straits of Dover, who had accom- panied the party, introduced them to Mr Darlington, the much esteemed agent of the mines. The first object to in- spect was the fine and very powerful engine, the modus operandi of which was explained. At the pit mouth the ore in its mixed and undressed state was noticed, when the party were anxious if possible to go down the pits and see the veins of ore, and being rather pressed for time inquired if the mines could be gone over in an hour, to which Mr Low humorously replied they might perhaps be able to do it in a fortnight, which created some arausement. The pro- cesses of crushing and washing the ores were then minutely described and inspected. The raising of the ores—their con- veyance on tramways to the washing floors-their crushing and pickirg, and their successive washings, until they were ready for the market. After witnessing the dressing of the ores, the ore-house, or OREL SPeaking, the floor, was visited, which contains The on ..c*e in a vast heap, all ready weighed for the sale, floor an J1Sited"Ttllere being four floors—was called Taylor's blende (com°ntained 213 tons of dre9S(!d ore> and "5 tons We learned called black •>ack in addition to this> ore anH i.i ,at there were other floors which contained lead Rov\ fl for the sale. They were as follows And™ ^°^r' tons of lead and 38 tonsof blende; St. row s floor, 49 tons of lead and 140 tons of blende; the leadow floor, 43 tons of lead and 40 tons of blende making a total of 432 tons of lead and 319 of blende. These mines have been in existence for many years, and have been the Source of immense wealth to those engaged in the speculative enterprise. The p,rty then moved on towards what is called Lloyd's shaft, where there is a gauge for winding the men up and down from the works. Here a very amusing scene took place. A few of the most adventurous of the party hav- ing a desire to descend, and having been supplied with candles, they entered the gnuge, and as they were dis- appearing the bystanders accosted them with such remarks as "Have you made your will," "You had better say your prayers," and "Remember me to your mother," &c., caus- lng, of course, very general laughter. They made a de- scent of 200 ya-ds. When returning the gauge was timed, and it reached the surface in one minute and forty seconds; 8econdparty went down, and their ascent was timed, the ascent of 200 yards being made in one minute and thirty-five seconds. Mr Darlington was most courteous in replying to the Numerous questions put to him and there being amongst the party some teetotallers and divines, no wonder that Some inquiries should be made respecting the sobriety and general denortment of the great number of men in the em- pj°y of the company, and it was 'gratifying to find that the replies were of the most satisfactory cha- racter. Mr Darlington being very much pressed for time, having to attend a sale of lead ore, &c., he was obliged to feline an invitation to lunch, and his duties as cicerone Were at an end, not, however, without receiving the best thanks of the party f)r his kindness, and'on leavinsr, the Party called for "Three cheers for Mr Darlington," which Were most heartily given. Some magnificent views were obtained from this spot — &ttiong which were Minera Hall, the Delamere Smelting ^orks, the extensive collieries at Vron, belonging to Messrs Maurice and Low Minera Church, the Vale lioyal of Cheshire, with the Cheshire Hill and Beaton "Castle in the distance. The scenery, we need hardly say, "Was greatly admired. Next was a move on to Huffman's gigantic kilns for toaking lime. There were some blastings prepared in the ^rst rock on the arrival of the party, which were to serve as a salute, and as they went forth volley followed volley With an appllling effect. Mr Shepherd, the respected ^gent of the Minera Lime Company, together with Mr "dohn Jones, received the members of the club, and very Minutely described the process of turning the lime. This klln, which was invented by Hoffman, a German, is the only one in this country, and the largest in the world. l'he kiln is a double one, hns twenty-four chambers, and is Worked in two sections of twelve chambers each and when In full operation from ninety to 103 tpns a day is turned out of calcined lime. The chief feature of the kiln is the great saving of fuel and the production of a very superior article. Before leaving there was to be more blasting in ^nother rock, and ten shots had been prepared, and they had been so arranged as to spread over the whole working Portion of the rock, and to go off in succession. The party standing at a safe distance, the signal was giver, for bhe ,uarrymen to take their exit, when by s me po sver or hand unseen" the first light was applied, and a cannon report was heard, followed as it were by a heavr.g, dash- ing shower, caused by the rattling of broken fragments of rock down the precipitous sides of the mine then followed the others in rapid succession, with a terrific effect. Perhaps the most interesting, as certainly the prettiest portion of the journey was the one now before the party. was through a dingle, the most picturesque and roman- us r. and through which gushed a silvery stream, making -ty music as it sped its way o er its pebbly bed: impeded and there on its course by a piece of broken rock, ^ade smooth by the continued running of the water, Orming miniature waterfalls. Each side was overhung J stupendous rocks, covered with foliage of every'varied and hue, wild flowers, and ferns. On emerging from dingle we were introduced into one of the wildest and g-randest pieces of scenery imaginable, and in everyrespect worthy of the appellation of Wild Wales." The party separated in all directions. Some were soon seen ca mg th heights of loftiest parts, and among them ation Kingsley, with all the buoyancy of > outh some ^?re quietly discussing the affairs of the nations, while So vf were engaged in topics less pretentious botanists ct ysht ferns and wild flowers, while geologists sought for testimonies from the rocks lovers of art sketched the ^quisite scenery, while all, more or less, were inspired A I a<^m'ra,'nl1 and awe. j 1 list of rare plants which had been found by Mr l8fi7 Ul Minera and Nantyffrith districts in the years o(and 1SG8, was printed in the programme, and most o these were met with on Thursday and Friday. At two toav i Party sat down to luncheon prepared in a Vy ^essrs W- H. and C. E. Darby, the chair being IiiTir.1? Vr President of the club. At the close of the n.-irf 011-? Beckett read a second paper, after which the varty visited Minera Church. -=::

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