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PIELDAND DAIRY FARMING. -

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PIELDAND DAIRY FARMING. STORING THE MANGBLS.-It is now time (the 3Tannr and Stock Breeder says) the mangel c?op was ■under cover. In many districts storing has not been commenced yet, though we have been feeling She breath of winter for some days past. Where that li 1°. we should say, All hands to work The jmaagel crop requires more care than ordinary tamipa Mangeis are naturally mose deiicate, and snore difficult to secure. They are easily injured by trost, moreover, while they do more good in pits after ItEris time of the year than exposed in the fields. The anethod of harvesting varies with the character of the ttoil on which the crop is grown. The Globe varieties are usually lifted by the hand, but a fork is exten- sively uitfd in raising the longer varieties on the deeper soils. When raised they are loft Ij ing in rows SUitil they are trimmed and prepared for pitting. It -33 very important at this stage of the work to guard against injuring the root, A knife may be Used- to scrape away the ea*tb, but unless the "Utmost attention is exercised by the workmen in the àmpuhtion of the head it won id be to adhere to the practice of wrenching or twisting off the leaves. In any case the crown of the root must be left perfectly free from the slightest injury. After being eleaned they are gathered into heaps aa suitable ciieta?, «s, or carted off the field, Mangels have a tendency to heat and sweat after being pall.ed, and if the weather is good they benefit from being Jdt OAcever^d for a day or two. Should unfavourable Weather necessitate immediate protection, efficient weatilatioa must be provided for in the p't; failing tiJiø, fermentation invariably sets in. The pit should be about seven feet wide at the base and from four to live feet high, and contain & ten of roots per yard In length It is covered in much tbe same way as kite potato clamp. The top of the pis should not be finally closed up for several v-ecks. A temporary Straw thatch, while it will suffice to resist the early frosts, unless they are unusually severe, win also insure healthf ul ventilation of the heap. MANURING,-At a recent meeting of the Norfolk Chamber of Agriculture, Mr. F. Sutton held that it was not quite correct to say that a farmer was Justified in all cases in getting manure in tM 'Cheapest available form. Although nitrate could M ibought in tbs cheapest form, yet it did not always answer to use nitrate of soda as a form of manure. I bp-ro- were other forms of nitrogen which might cost more money, and do ten times the good of nitrate of soda, 10 it might happen, according to th3 season, the ■nature of the soil, or the conditions of the atmosphere. He bad a very strong feeling that in many cases the tlIe of organic nitrogen waa infinitely superior to saline nitrogen. Nitrate of soda began to act directly 4t was put into the soil. N itrogFU could not be put into the soil after the manner of nature. It was im- perative that nitrogen should be used for all crops, jartiy in the form of organic nitrogen and partly in the form of saline nitrogen. Rape cake was a good manure in the bands of some farmers. Its de- Composition caused the soil to yield up its constituent fctements more freely than it otherwise would. If Government money was to be given for analytical stations, let there be a station in each district, as one for Norfolk and Suffolk, where experiments could be Curried out over the whole district. No private persons would put their hands in their pockets to do that. If such agricultural stations were established, ttbey would do much good. THE QUALITY OF CHKITSB.—Sir Richard Paget, M.P., in the course of a recent speech in Somersetshire, said the reason why the cheesa thry made in Somerset had cot recently enjoyed the same sale and the same price 9U before was because it had not enjoyed the same Mputation, and, therefore, to improve its sale and price they must improve its quality and re-establish As reputation. At Wells a cheese school had been Started under the auspices oc the Bath and West of England Society, and be thought it hvl so far proved success. The first lot of cheese made was sold at fHI. 6d., and the second lot at 66s. 6d. His sugges- tion was that they should establish in the heart of ,:¡êD&t cheese-making district a fixed permanent school, when they might go and learn the different systems iÐt cheese-making of a skilled cheese-maker and for teat purpose they should seek to avail themselves of 'the windfall that bad fallen this year to the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer They would remember that a certain sum was set aside for the buying up d licenses, but that scheme was not floated. It astuck on the stocks, and an intimation was given that the county councillors might devote it to the purposes -Of technical instruction. Those words were of a very 'Wide appneation, but so far as it applied to the agri- cultural industry it w-a ceptainy applicable to the Sot of making cheese. The first difficulty was, how- ever, that the money was for one year only; and Secondly, that it could only be expended in connec- tion with the Science and Art Department of South Kensington, who did not profess to know anything of the practical teaching of agriculture; and his strong Impression was that any kind of Government aid Which was given in support of agricultural schools fchculd come through the medium of the Board of Agriculture. He was in hopes that if they made a iproper representation to that Board the agriculturists "WOuld be able to get their aid and assistance in the establishment of such a permanent school as be bad referred to. A TRIBUTE TO AYRSHlRE- The owner of a dairy of Ayrshire cows never complains of hard times, for Where any other cows can smply pay their way the Ayrshire will return a dividend, says Mr. C. M. Winslow in the Country Gentleman. The reason of teis is that it costs less on &n average to produce » quart of milk or a pound of butter from an Ayrshire than from any other dairy eows. As a dairy cow their size is the standard, being about a thousand pounds in fair condition, 'Weighed at about a month. or six weeks after calving. A cow of this size has large enough Capacity to consume enough food to produce a good return without seeming to strain her organs then, too, she is not so large as to be unwieldly in getting About, nor does it require the extra food to support an unnecessary size. Perhaps the great secret of the success of the Ayrshire as a dairy cow is her diges- tion, enabling her to extract and turn into milk and tratter the largest possible amount of return for thef food consumed. They are like a healthy working man when he sits down to dinner—all the food is good, and tastes good. A-a Ayrshire cow does not etop to find out the quality of the bay placed before tmt—she eats with a relish good hay and poor. Of Course she does not return to the owner as much Jnilk from his poor hay as from his good, but the eats it with nearly as good relish. She is hardy, tiealthy, and strong—always hungry and eats iumdily. REARING FOALS-A Warwickshire breeder writes to the Farming World: The writer on "Weaning Colts" will perhaps be surprised to learn that I MM-toals just as I do calves, and that the breeding mares are as a rule worked all the year round. Foals give less trouble than calves. They drink the, new cow's milk at once out of buckets or troughs, and do not suffer from it any more than calves, except when ever-fed. After being kept in for a few days they Sxe turned out on pasture and fed in the fields in troughs. Until strong and the weather is warm they are shut up at night. On good pasture they do Hot require corn or meal, and will find their own living when four months old. I reared 20 this year. FARM PouLTM.—Now is, the time (a farming corre- spondent of the Journal of Horticulture holds) when regular &nd full supply of eggs affords the best proof of skilful poultry management, The early gullets reserved specially for this purpose are lay- ing tolerably well, and they must receive every advantage of draught and damp-proof poultry thouses, mixed food, a snug shelter by day open to tee south, with plenty of dust and raised places, not joercbes, but low heaps of dry litter, or a platform tttaed a few inches from the floor; anything, in point Of fact, which may help them to keep warm and dry. They should be shut in the roosting places at night. and not allowed to go out early at this time of year. They show plainly enough by their habits the sort of treatment they require. On a warm sunny day they are spread far and wide over the meadows; on a dull, Cold, or wet day they keep us much under shelter as they can, many of them going up on the perches. Heal, crushed potatoes, kitchen scraps, and a little Whole maize mixed with warm water is generally given now, no food being aiiowed to lie about, only 4o much as can be cleared up qui-k'y beieguaed each time. We prefer feeding ducks by themselves, for they are so greedy that they gobble'up much more tilan their share if fed with other poultry. Now that tnrkey poults are required for table regularly. it is Well to select the stock birds > for next season, and tnark them, or the best birds will be selected, till in the end there will only be inferior ones left tor breeding.

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LITERARY GLEANINGS.

FROM THE " OOMiaS,"

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A LADY'S LETTER.