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NEWS NOTES.\

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NEWS NOTES. fWe do not necessarily indorse the .opinions of our correspondents in the following notes.) There are some 900 State officials employed in the supervision of Frenoh railways, bat this num- ber is not deemed suffioient, apparently, as it is to be considerably augmented. In the Railway Department of the Ministry of Public Works there are three secretaries, nine assistant secretaries, 24 chief oierks, and 32 assistant chief clerks. With an official hierarchy of 68 functionaries, there must needs be a crowd of subordinates. The principal difficulty, one might imagine, would be for these gentlemen to avoid getting in each other's way. The taste for Italian wines has increased of late, and the exports for 1893 amount to 2,328.993 hectolitree in cask, besides bottled wine. The best customer was Austria, which took 969,434 hectolitres. Then came Central and Southern America, with 342,698 hectolitres, and then Germany, with 160,793. The small island of Malta took 124,004, but probably some of this was trans-shipped to England, for the United Kingdom figures for only 32,958 hectolitres. France was formerly by far the largest purchaser of Italian wines, which were used for blending, but last year she only took 90,655 hectolitres. In lecturing at San Francisco, ex President Har- rison has delivered himself of a maxim in refereuoe to the recent industrial and coiu reroial depression in the United States, which bid.. fair to take a place among current phrases. Mr. Harrison observed that "it is strange that there should be so much distress," and added, whoever has done it, or however it came about, it is un-American and should be repudiated by the people." The New York Nation in a mild spirit of banter, expresses concurrence with Mr. Harrison's opinion that dis- tress is un-American," and thinks that the people cannot rise against it too soon and bring its authors to justice. Meanwhile, qur New York contempor- ary is glad to see a man of President Harrison's thoughtful disposition in the field against it. With so many people disapproving of it, it must," in the opinion of The Nation, "soon leave our shores." The agreement at which it is announced the pro- moters of the Sheffield Ship Canal and the Man- chester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway Com- pany have arrived is the result of some three years' persevering work. Of course the idea of opening up the steel metropolis to the sea by means of an adequate waterway is not so new. The ostensible advantages thus offered to the heavy trades of the district have been talked about again and again, and to some extent realised by the canal system which the promoters are now about to acquire. But these canals or navigations were the property of the railway company, and having said this the reader will not require any further description of their method of working. With regard to the new enterprise it is not too much to say that Sheffield is as enthusiastic about it as Manchester was, and assumedly is, over her own seaport facilities. The new work will be about a score miles longer than that to Manchester- namely, between 50 and 60 miles. The story of the arrest, or at least the detention, of some French officers who landed to pay a visit to Seraglio Point at Constantinople shows on how very little France and her ambassador will build up a grievance against Turkey just now. Of course the Sultan will offer the officers every reparation it is possible to demand. Of course French honour will be abundantly satisfied. Of course the offender will be dismissed for a time, and his dismissal may even benefit him by getting him some of his arrears of pay. But that the Sultan should desire to keep Frenchmen or any other Europeans out of the grounds and remaining buildings of the old and long disused palace which lie between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmora is too silly for the assumption of even the Boulevard journals. Thousands visit them every year, and find very little to repay them for their trouble. Why should poor Abdul Hamid II., with so many hundred other things to think about, be supposed to have lot or part in this miserable affair ? Still, it is all in the diplomatic game the Powers are playing in the East. The terrible visitation which has of late years wrought such havoc among the Greek Islands has now disturbed the mainland and shaken the whole of the kingdom from Sparta to Larissa. So far it would appear that Athens has escaped the worst shocks, but the principal towns and villages of Eubeea and of the mainland opposite are reduced to ruins. The historical sites of Chalcis, Thebes, and Orchomenos seem to have suffered heavily, and in the district of Lokris alone there are said to have been some 300 victims. There must be something in the position of Athens that has so fortunately saved the town during the last 2,000 years from the devastation which has so often fallen upon its ancient rivals. In the meantime its modern inhabitants have not been idle in carry- ing relief to their less fortunate neighbours. The most active measures are being taken by the Greek Government to rescue the sufferers from their immediate dangers, and nations more blest than Greece in immunity from such disasters will doubt- less again, as in the past, open their purses freely to her aid. Young malefactors who can write are fond of drawing up "Instructions" for the guidance of their fellows. They are counsels of perfection, mostly, not suggested by experience nor even by common sense. But Thomas Edward Lund, of Blackburn, is exceptional. He stands committed on five charges of housebreaking, and the police do not withhold a tribute of admiration for his singu- lar aptitude at 16 years of age. The professional may recognise signs of immaturity in some of the hints which he penned for the benefit of bur- glars in general. "Have plenty of tools" is not sound advice, we Tbelieve, in the opinion of those best qualified to judge. But, upon the whole, this document is very business-like. The directions for setting a factory on fire may be imperfectly thought out; but they would answer the purpose unquestionably if all went well. Try to get some skeleton keys, and then you can go into plenty of places." That is very true. Chlorodyne is not exactly the stuff to put over some one's noses, which will make them unconscious but allowance must be made for the hasty compositions of enthusiasm. If you have a desire for revenge on anyone you can get some prussic acid." We trust there is an error here. "Bay quicklime if you happen to kill any- one." Finally, Always go brave and bold when you are burgling." The United States Treasury lately ruled that Chinamen domiciled in that country who visit their native land cannot legally return, unless they carry on business under their own names. Tne effect of this decision is startling. Already, as is assessed, 2,000 of such aliens are lying aboardship off the Pacific ports, unable to land. The steamer China, which will soon arrive, will bring many more probably. One cannot but think that the former figures are vastly exaggerated—unless some special occasion summoned the Chinamen home a few weeks or months ago. Under any circamstanoes, how- ever, the law which bears such an interpretation must be very crael. It is alleged that not one Chinese merchant in 50 resident at San Fran- cisco does business under his own name. All of them are forbidden to quit the country where, as a popular story of 40 years ago used to say, A man is not like a slave, chained to the soil." Much has happened in those 40 years. Experi- enced and responsible officials, such as direct the Treasurer of the United States, should understand the interests of their country. But outsiders must think that this ruthless persecution of the China- man is very unwise. In former days the Pekin Government was rather pleased to hear that its emigrant subjects fared badly but a new genera- tion ia coming into power which bitterly resents the scornful and oppressive treatment which they endure. Reprisals have already been threatened. The latest bomb scare comes from Covent Garden, where some ingenious idiot deposited a fictitious explosive manufactured out of a pocket inkstand and a wire. The only excuse to be found for the practical joker in this case is that he might, with the help of a pen, have turned the inkstand to an even worse use in the making of jests. Nevertheless, the joke is one that will not bear repetition. Mercifully we have, so far, enjoyed not only an immunity from the actual explosions which have taken place on the other side of the Channel, but also a comparative immunity from the stupid pranks of the pseudo-dynamiter, and we have no wish that this gentleman should intro- duce the last Parisian jest. Of a fool and nis folly there is no end; but there is a certain kind of folly which deserves a very summary eni, if only the lool can be detected in the act. Telephonic communication ia being rapidly I developed in Sweden. A direct line was estab- lished last year between Stockholm and Copen- hagen. The first conversation through it was held by King Oscar and King Christian. The State system has been connected with more than 100 new stations in towns and villages. The staff is very alert and effioient. Six seconds and one- tentb was the average interval last year between a subscriber ringing the bell and being switched on. Whatever may be the nature of the report about to be published by the Opium Commission, the In- dian Government cannot too quickly look about for a source of revenue to take the place of its profiits on the drug. For a long series of years, these re- ceipts have been almost continuously diminishing. In the year 1881-82, the net profit accruing to the Calcutta Treasury amounted to close on 80,000,000 rupees ten years later, the latest date for which details are given in the Statistical Abstract," the yield was only a little more than 60,000,000 rupees. Thus, in a single decade, nearly one quarter of the opium revenue vanished. But the loss to the Trea- sury was, in reality, very much greater, inasmuch as the silver currency received in payment of opium lost a considerabie portionjof its exchange value for remittance to England. From another table it appears that the shrinkage on receipts has been solely consequent on depreciation of market value. While a larger quantity was sold in the last year of the decade it fetched so much less per chest that the revenue suffered very heavy loss. The mean- ing of this is, of course, that Indian opium no longer holds the fort" in the Chinese market, but has to bear the strain of ever sharper com- petition. The interior of the Celestial Empire is not only self-supplying, but actually exports to Northern Siam and the Shan States, while, on the Chinese seaboard, Persian and other foreign varieties have got a Arm hold by reason of their cheapness, quality for quality. Ladies' clubs are by no means unknown in this country, but, as in so many other matters, New York is far ahead of London in this respect. The most fashionable club is said to be that of the "New York Ladies"—a very business-like asso- ciation, whose members are posted, if they do not pay all dues within 30 days of incurring them. But the "Sorosis" is described as the best-known. "It oosts 25 dollars to get in, and five dollars for a badge. Badges count up, too I'm always buying a new badge," a member told the writer who dis- cusses ladies and their clubs; but what the badge signifies and what benefits it provides is not ex- plained, and this will puzzle men who belong to clubs in England. Members of racing-clabs in this country have badges, it is true, but this is simply to give evidence of their membership to various officials, some of whom are not employed by the club-railway servants who guard the entrance to members' trains for example. The Sorosia, however, is not a racing-club, and why the members have to buy badges is a mystery. Some of the American clubs have objects. There is the Patria,' where you learn about your country and to be patriotic," the lady told the reporter; there are the "Evening Riding Club" and the "Camera Club," both of which fulfil obvious uses and there is the Suffrage Club," the mem- bers of which teaoh others what they do not know of politics. Whatever may be said of the poiitics of the Municipality of Paris, its financial credit stands high, all is abundantly shown in the success that has attended the issue of the new loan. The amount was about f8,000,000 and the rate of interest nominally 21 per cent, or 10 francs on every bond of 400 franos but as the bonds were offered at the price of 340 the yield was approxi- mately 3 per cent. French houses report that the total amount was subscribed for about 90 times. No doubt the conditions which led to such a large subscription would never find favour in this country, for besides the prospect of the bonds of 340 francs being drawn for redemption at 400 francs, there will be with each quarterly drawing, lottery prizes of about £8,000, say one prize of £ 4,000 and 33 other prizes making in the aggregate £4,000. As these drawings will take place four times a year, the Municipality will pay in lottery prizes alone some E32,000 per annum. The English detectives have sometimes been severely criticised for their failure to bring criminals to justice-" Jack the Ripper being the most conspicuous example of their want of success -but the special group of officers charged with the surveillance of actual and potential Anarchists may well arouse the envy of the police of Paris. The arrest of Meunier was either a piece of great luck or even greater skill, while nothing could have been neater than the seizure of Polti. The ideal time to p.pprehend an Anarchist is obviously the moment when he has provided himself with an empty bomb and is taking it to the spot where he has collected the explosives to fill it. Besides Polti, however, a much more dangerous individual was urgently wanted," and after a very short search Inspector Melville and his men discovered him unsuspiciously sleep- ing in bed. In the words of Farnara a good deal of the explanation is to. be found in the fact that the idea was not strong enough in young Polti to induce him to withhold information about his accomplices, but no matter by what means the oaptures have been effected, they refleot great credit on the officers concerned. Present appearances point to the taking of a fare- well of Mr. Jabez Balfour. The Argentine Press is on his side his Argentine judge is at least very far from construing the law with strictness; his devoted lady friend has returned from England apparently well provided with the sinews of war his property has been taken from the custody of the British Consul and restored to him; and now, on the ground of ill-health, he has been released from prison, and is under more or less nominal arrest at the residence of Miss Freeman. There- fore, for the hero of the Liberator to escape is ob- viously the next step. Then the double task of first finding him and then extraditing him will have to be begun again, with all the myriad uncertainties that attach to the leaden steps of South American justice. The prospects of complete enlightenment upon this colossal fraud, to say nothing of the prospects of ultimate justice, appear to be of the slenderest character. This is a very serious matter indeed, and the deepest disappointment may well be felt. If there is one thing that oalls for the fierce light of publicity just now it is the organisation of great financial schemes and the relation to them of men prominent in politics, in society, and in finance. The Liberator was by no means the only one of these, but it was much the biggest and the worst, and if, as there seems to us every reason to fear, the escape of Balfour is being connived at by the Argentine authorities, a much-needed reform, both of sentiment and of practice, will be indefinitely postponed. What are we to do with our habitual criminals ? A fellow of this stamp, aged about 25, was before a London court with a long record of previous con- victions. One of these, and only one, was for seven years' penal servitude. Deduct this from his life of freedom, and it leaves him a capital of but 18 years, from which all the other terms, not specified, have atill to be taken. He must have begun to go to gaol as soon as he left school-if ever he went to school. His last exploit was to hustle an old gentleman and seize his purse and he did this within 24 hours of the com- pletion of his term of seven years. The interval gave him just time for bed and breakfast, and a carouse. He resumes highway robbery as naturally as a fox who has esaaped the trap resumes the petty larceny of the hen coop. He is to return to penal servitade for three-and-a-half years. At the end of that term he will probably take another day's holiday, and then go back to the treadmill.

A SOLDIER'S ACTION FOR LIBEL.

[No title]

HEALTH AND BEAUTY.

CHARGE AGAINST COLONIAL JUDGES.

ALLEGED FRAUD ON AN M.P.

[No title]

LADIES' LETTER.

MARRIAGE OF PON CARLOS.

[No title]

SPORTS AND PASTIMES.

NEGRO LYNCHING IN AMERICA.

FRENCH OFFICERS ARRESTED.

EPITOME OF NEWS.

FAMILY MURDERED BY ROBBERS.