Wrexham and Denbighshire Advertiser and Cheshire Shropshire and North Wales Register

WREXHAM BELLS. I Merrily ring those- rexham Bells, errily s rands the joyous peal A festirål, birth, or a wedding tells, Or maybe some other story of weal, As ihey blithely ring. They appear to smg, In their jocund tone, Of but joy alone, "Ascheerily ring- those old Wrexham Bells." Solemnly ring those Wrexham Bells, Gloovnilv sounds the muffled peal, But this time 'tis a tale of death it tells, Thus causing each heart in the town to feel. Sadly, gloomily;- Thinking solemnly, of the time when they, On some future day, stall have rung for themselves those Wrexham Bells." Holilv ring those Wrexham Bells, Hoiily sound the sacred chimes, Borne on the breeze o'er the bills and the dells, Thus calling all men to God's House betimes, Holily ringing, Seem to be singing, A pujan of praise, Oil our holy da.ys. "Do the Lord's day chimes, on those Wrexham Bells." 16 Jan. 1861. SENOJ TREBOR. I

"OBSTA PRINCIPIIS." J From the Church of England Temperan-ce Magazine. I Unto the wise, the strong, the confident, j dedicate my song, And speak my parable- There breathed a breath, a breath of gentle wind, The merest sigh-a whisper of a sound; It softly kissed the wave, Which straight withdrew abash'd And yet again returu'd and wooed the sigh, Which taking heart again Waxed more presumptuous, And yet more freshly breathed. They swept across the surface of the deep As when the fingers of the skilful bard Smite on the harp one melancholy strain, Waking its chords and strings To plaintive melody. A moment more. the breath become a breeze, Whose pulse beat and cease, then rise again, Breathing the breath of heaven, Impetuous and strong; As when the wailing gusts blow mournfully, In tad presentiment of deeds to come. The gust becomes a gale, And sigh succeeds to sigh, And ripple chases ripple on the main. Ko danger yet-still shines the sun o'erhead; 'Tis but a summer breeze— The heaving of the wave that sweetly sleeps. But see yon little cloud, It spreadeth forth its wings, And growing denser, darker, deeper ever, O'ercasts the azure sky. Deep calleth unto deep; The clouds awake tha storm The storm the sleeping main And all the ocean depths are stirred beneath, With hurricanes unehain'd. See now the raging billow toss and foam. And lift their crested heads with angry surge. The gallant ship, the monarch of the main, Now trembles in the flood- Though strong with heart of oak, And strong with iron bands, And stronger still with men inured to storms, Shows signals of distress, And reeling to and fro Sinks in the deep, and straight Makes shipwreck of her all Tell me, ye wise, ye strong, ye confident, When did this storm begin ? Where safety end, and danger first arise ? That breath that kissed the wave Was earnest of the storm, The first beginning of this tale of woe. A little leads to much, And much will lead to more. IP evil in the bud for in the bloom It gathers strength, and propagates itself, And falls in rotten ripeness at the last. Woo not the rising breath, Tempt not the swelling flood, By trusting to the breeze; Or trustiug to thy strength ■R nt u keep thy craft, and crew. and cargo safe, ntil this tyranny be overpast* And know, 0 man of God, fierce billows beat, and tempests roar, through the wave of time, and only cearse 1icu thou art safe in heaven! M. I

literary extracts. I MAGAZINES FOR JANUARY. I I „ [CONTINUED.] I *?'mant for public favour appear this month j? the comprehensive title "Eventsof the Month," t?cd'? °T°? to be a Magazine of News, Literature, gfje^6' general information." At the first glance itt?? Lttle more than a condensed collection of the ???" Ten'a' home and foreign, culled from the news- ?PHs' ? care^ reading removes the first impres- ?Ptrs, but a ear,ial reaflin(y removes the first impres- ao?;. ??' of one more "favourable. In addition to ite ? ?'Dtelltgence department, it contains well JlV- cle8 uP°n Rambles in Poland," The Ric?????'" "A Visit to the United Service ??" l? enwark and Schleswig-Holstein," and a *Haberf other subjects, including a "Music" and  ,l)ar'ment- A continuous tale is also c.m- ^ced K eann-tlle title of "RacheFs Secret," but so hr "e are 11 a secret °?"? ?0 see whether it is as good a secret Ltj'r '?y'?-" We give entire the article upon "D'aja k ?" Schleswig Holstein" as it places the 'eaiark disput dearly before the reader, and with    ? is a question we never heard discus- *? ?hoat t? V ?"T?'7 what it was all about, to which 'Mniiy L J ?° satisfactory reply:- The death °r + Kmg of Denmark, which we record in 1thieh eQtn' h added another to the list of quarrels '? ?' t aarr t  '? anot h er to the list of quarre l s I!ck 6 /i cl. v^'zefl world at present. Though ? ?" "etit. an '?pending war is always interesting 44 Of se rI- o" import, and always has a grave effect upon ht""?. ordin?"°?'? m'ads would perhaps give to ??qneitinn kth 11 queition as the ,presnt but a divided attention, Were -t 740t for the r m,1y ties which have lately drawn ?? gives a half personal interest ??eoace??? ??er of our Princess. We there- toi-t.^fpish our r&I >rs with a short account of the mat- tft ILS far as it has been given to us to disen- t??'? ?P?te M '? ?s '<- has been given to us to disen- UnJ'tat -no? ;i 1 0 rellensib,e question. If any of tmgle that "40%t ill'Imprehensible question. If any of re.>nii- ? IUiher enlightment we must refer The dispute is not about the throne tf Denmark, which Prince Christian ascends without opposition, but turns on his right to the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, to which the German Federation seem likely to set up a rival claimant, These two states, in 1429, elected King Chist- ian I. (called King of Scandinavia), of Denmark, as their duke. He was the first of the present Danish dynasty, and on assuming the dukedoms made two declaratiolls, -firit, that Schleswig and Holstein were to be for ever united under one ruler; and secondly, that the joint in- habitants had the right to elect a successor to himself. On these two declarations of 400 years ago, much of the quarrel turns. The dukedoms descended without opposi- tion to Christian's son, John, and after him to his son again, Christian II., who divided his estates among his brothers, with the proviso that the Duchies of Schleswi"- -I-  -I- tlolstcm should always go with the crown of Denmark" The monarchy was then an elective one, continuing, how- ever, in the same family till the reign of Frederick III., 1648, who changed the constitution from an elective to a hereditary monarchy, and gave females as well as males a right to inherit. This law was a new cause of confusion in the Schleswig and Holstein question. There was a younger branch of the Oldonburgs (the present dynasty), called Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp; and in 1806 the reign- ing Duke, John Augustus, made a law strictly entailing the succession to his heirs male. Frederick III. laid up a fruitful source of trouble to his descendants, by making, in 1650. the same Salique law binding o" he Danish part of the Duchies, called the Royal Duchies, tiius separating the interests of the Danish Crown from the Danish Du- chies. The contradictory effect of the conflicting arrange- ments of the last two hundred years have been, as we see, to make Holstein and Schleswig for ever united together —to unite them for ever with the Danish Crown, and yet to disunite them effectually by a solemn agreement that, in the one case, women were not incapacitated by their sex from reigning; in the other, that they were. Two families, besides the Holstein-Gottorps, have branch- ed off from the old stock of King Christian I., whose di- rect descent is extinct with Frederick VII.—the house of Schleswig-Holstein-Souderbur-Augustenburg, the repre- sentative of which the Duke of Coburg recognised as Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, and the house of Schleswig- Holstein-Somlerburg-Glueksburg, from which springs Prince Christian, the father of the King of Greece and the Princess of Wales, who now, in accordance with the treaty of May, 1852, is King of Denmark and Duke of Schleswig- Holstein. The above facts being clearly borne in mind, two more points remain unexplained—What right Prince Christian a younger son of a younger branch, has to the throne he has just ascended, and why the duchies should follow this 1 succession ? For years the disputes about the succession to the Duchies had wearied alike the Danes and Germans and when, in 1852, the late King was still childless and seem- ed likely to continue so, a treaty settling the question of the succession was agreed upon, Princa Christian was selected from amongst all the German Princes, as being likely to prove acceptable to both parties. The point on which the Danes arc most of all jealous is, lest their na- tionality should be disturbed, or the integrity of their country encroached upon; and as they assuredly should be allowed a voice in a thing so much concerning them as the choice of their own king, one of the objects of the framers of the treaty was, to choose a prince as little as possible Germanic in his tendencies. Of all the collateral branches of the Oldenburg dynasty, Prince Christian was the only ome with Danish sympathies, Danish at heart, and this fact much influenced the Powers in their selection of him as the future King of Denmark; and by a solemn treaty of all the Europea.n Powers between themselves and Denmark, the succession was solemnly settled upon him. Prince Christian, although a male descendant, and therefore a legitimate heir to the Duchies, is not the eld- est male heir. This the Duke of Augustenburg claimed to be; and he formally ceded his claim to them when the treaty was made, a cession which now his son refuses to I ratify. The Duchies, therefore, though they have had to give up something, still keep the law they cling to, and have no fear of being ruled by a woman. As the Duchies I anGl the kingdom would, at the death of Frederick VII., have passed to different heirs, it was determined not to wrest the succession of the Duchies to that of Denmark, but to accommodate that of Denmark to the Duchies. The Landgravine of Hesse Homberg, daughter of Freder- ick VI., and aunt of the late King, waived her rights to the throne of Denmark, as did her children, in favour of Louise, grand-daughter of the Landgravine, who was married to Prince Christian of Glucksburg, and the elder members of this prince's family also waived their rights of succession to the Duchies, in order that the crown of the whole Danish monarchy might be united on the heads of a couple who represented both the branches. In agree- ing to this, Denmark also submitted to a change of a fun damental law of the country. For the future, the succes- sion to the kingdom must, like that of the Duchies, pass from male to male. This solemn treaty, passed only eleven years ago, is attempted to be set aside, on the ground that the great German Confederation, or Bund, has never agreed, as a body, to the articles contained in it. No doubt this ob- jection is true. Yet it is true in form rather than in sub- stance for the chief members of the Bund" have al- ready acted in their separate capacity in concert with the leading powers of Europe. Austria, Prussia, Han- over, Saxony, and Wurtemburg, have all consented to the treaty of 1852, as European powers. They are the chief members of the Bund to take a eourse against which they all staad definitely committed. A new series of the Church of England Temperance Magazine" commences with this month's issue. It is got up very well, printed on good paper, illus- trated, and in appearance fit to appear on any drawing- room table. Its contents, as a matter of course, relate mainly to the Temperance question. The articles are well written, free from the" stllmp orator" style, and are well worthy the perusal of even men of moderate" views. The following extract from the leading article, on Our Mission," will give the reader an idea of the spirit intended to be set forth in its pages :— Our movement is essentially one of hope and anticipa- tion. We have to deal with "moral winters," cheerless, leafless, fruitless hearts, and homes, and reputations- left bare and naked to the storms and tempests of this naughty world. In such a dead winter time of the moral calendar we would create a more genial atmosphere, and surround our fellow-men with better elements for the growth and cultivation of better principles. We would substitute Christian love and sympathy for the nipping frosts and colds, and thus draw forth, or educate, the in- ner life and better nature, for the production of goodly fruits and flowers from what would otherwise be but moral wastes, spawning forth the bitter fruits of sin and shame and thus it would be that- The storms of wintry time would quickly pass, And one unbounded spring encircle all." The gem of the book, we conceive to be a poem entitled Obsta Principiis," which we give above. A contro- versy between A Moderate Man" and the Rev. Robert Maguire, M.A., is commenced in the present number. Bow BELLS for the month of January has come to band, consisting of the weekly numbers for the month of December. The Portrait Gallery," which is always an interesting portion of this periodical, contains inter- esting and well written notices accompanied by pictures, in the shape of very fair wood engravings, of Sir Hugh Cairns, M.P., Mrs. Stirling, the King of Greece, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P. The other por- tions of this periodical are of a very readable character.

CANON STANLEY AND THE CHURCH.—We can under- stand, and to a certain extent respect, the feeling of con- cern with which both High Churchmen and Low Churchmen regard this exercise of patronage in favour of a distinguished Broad Churchman. But our sym- pathy would be greater if their protests in this and and similar cases had their root in some intelligible and consistently held principle. Why is it that their great anxiety appears, to be, to prevent the promotion of that section of the clergy whom they believe to be theologi- cally in the wrong? If Dr. Stanley is unfit to be Dean of Westminster, for the reason assigned, he is equally unfit to be a simple clergyman of the Church. When the Times" asserts that to ha.ve been Regius Pro- fessor of Ecclesiastical History and Select Preacher at the University of Oxford, and the principal examining chaplain to so distinguished a prelate as the Bishop of London; is sufficient guarantee that a man is not so utterly unfit for a deanery in the Church of England as Dr. Wordsworth appears to consider Dr. Stanley," it gives expression, wo have no doubt, to the average opinion of the public; and when the new Dean becomes a Bishop, as he inevitably will, the argument will have cumulative force. The o bjectors should strike at the root of the evil, by keeping out, or driving out, of the Church those who think and teach as Canon Stanley does. Are they prepared to do that ? If not, they had 11 better suffer silently, for if Broatl Oimrctiism is to tie tolerated, Broad Churchmen cannot be denied their share of the Church's emoluments and honours. As the "Times" ingeniously admits, "the distribution of Church patronrge is decided upon much the same princi- ples as the changes of Government."—that is with re- gard to the strength of parties. He must be a simple minded person, who with the Record," regards as a significant occurrence" the appointment to the Deanery of Lincoln of one who, like Dr Jeune, has consistent- ly advocated the great truths of Christianity in opposi- ¡ tion to Neology and Rationalism," when it is evident that the present cue of the Prime Minister is to give a sop to each party in the Church in succession. If they will allow worldly politicians to nominate their chief functionaries, Churchmen must accept the consequences, and bear them as they best can. They must take the rough with the smooth, and not complain of the working of a bad system, while to the system itself they stick as fast as limpets do to rocks.—" Liberator."

OLD BACON down again at WALLIS'S Bacon Shop, I Charles-street, Wrexham,

SPIRIT OF THE PRESS^ A NEW YEAR'S GIFT. (From the Daily Telegrnph.) I I The bells which on Saturday last rang out throng,n every shire and town of England the news that an heir had been born to our Royal crown, awakened feelings of no common gladness. Never was a New Year's gift of- fered more opportunely or received more gratefuily than this right Royal present from an English Prince to the English people. The mail steamers which sailed on the morning after the glad event will bear to every portion of that vast empire, on which the sun never sets, the tidings that a new link has been added to the chain of » ii British nioiitrelis and from every quarter 01 tiiose I boundless dominions will come back a response such as that which the news has created in this island of ours, the motherland of many nations. There is not a port in the habitable globe where the Union Jack will not be hoisted proudly in honour of the birth of the infant who one day, in Goil's gool pleasure, may be called to sit upon the throne of the Plantagenets. Wherever the Royal Standard of England floats, whether on laud or sea, the guns will proudly boom forth the message of this princely birth. And wherever, north, east, south, or west, Englishmen are gathered to worship in accord- ance with our national belief, there will be raised the voice of thankful adoration in memory of the boon vouchsafe d to us. A blessing, uttered by millions upon i millions 01 iiinglisii lips murmuring together woius ui prayer, will be the choicest of the many gifts heaped UP,ill the new-born child. This also of promise attends the birth of the Royal infant. that the nation is glad with iiis parents' gladness. We are a people jealous of domestic happiness, proud of home pleasures, fond above others of the ties of family. The joy that a child is born into the world is one that comes home to every English heart. And even were no other feeling evoked on the present occasion, this national sympatny for par- ental happiness would cause the Lodge at Frogmore to be for many a day to come a spot girt about by a na- tion's hopes. It is but the other day that we welcomed the Princess Alexandra to our island home, and now the girl-Princess, whose fair face we have learnt to know so well as gained a closer hold upon our affectionate as the mother of our future king. There are, besides, many causes to make the event more joyful than similar occurrences must always be whenever the reigning House is beluvad by those over whom it rules. This is the third tima that sovereigns of the House of Hanover have seen a grandchild born to succeed to their honours. But on both the previous oc- casions there have been family circumstances which marred the happiness alike of the monarch and of his people. Tiie disensions between George IV. and his father, and the notorious unhappiness of the married life of the then Prince of Wales, were bad omens for the future of Princess Charlotte, whose life ended sadly amidst a nations's sorrow. Nor were the circumstances attending the birth of George III, more bright with pro- mise the quarrel between the infant's father and grand- f,itlier, which came to an open rupture on the occasion of his baptism, might not unjustly be regarded as pre- sages of a life which terminated in such bitter gloom. There is no blemish of this kind on the natal prospects of our Queen's heir and child. If in our Royal House the sins of the fathers have been yisited,strangcly upon their children, we may hope that his parents' virtues will in like manner bequeath unto this ltoyal infant an in- hereitauce of blessing. He comes of a good stock, he can boast of a noble lineage. The grandfather whose memory lie will be taught to honour, the grandmother whom lie will learn to love, have set nnto their people an exampleof what ought to be the life of a pure and spotless household It would be little less than sycop- hancy to assert that the nation can as yet have the same perfect confidence in the youthful ather and mother of the infant Prince which it has in the widowed Queen, whose Consort's loss we still so bitterly deplore. But this much can be truly said, that our Prince of Wales is the first Hanoverian bearer of that noble title who has given no cause of trouble to his people or his parents A life so well begun inspires a confidence it would re- quire much to shake. The mission of he unconscious babe my be iudeed to lical the sorrows of a Royal mourner; but it is not to bring together hearts whose love should never have been sundered. For this mis- sion there is, we may thank God, no occasion now. Apart, too, from family feelings, it is good for the country that an heir should have been born thus rapibly to the son of our beloved Sovereign. It is well that children should be reared and trained by parents them- selves young enough to know the feelings of youthful hearts. It is right that one to whom is committed the welfare of England should know the lofty happiness of a husband and father in the first unsullied bloom of life. A fresh pledge has just been given us of a future as bright as the past. Men still in their prime remember the day when the Princess Victoria was born into the world, and without presumption they may hope still to see the day when the Queen shall rejoice at the birth of the children of her children's children. There is nothing earthly but doth suffer change; even grief has no immortality, and sorrow no permanent en- durance. The great river of life bears us all onwards in its resistless current; we part company with those who have floated side by side with us for many a long year, and it seems as if all our voyage had ended when theirs made shipwreck. But the tide carries us into new scenes, and furnishes us with new companions of our journeying. For every death a new life springs up and the great order of the universe goes on, careless of our passing loss and shortlived sorrow. What is true for those who mourn and are left desolate is true also for that Royal lady whose grief has been shared in by her faithful subjects. With the Prince b-- but yes- terday a new generation has commenced its existence, a new era has opened out for the family of which her Majesty is the head. Let us hope that the presence of this living joy may in some degree remove the bitterness of a great sorrow. No mournful recollections can mar the pleasure which the widowed mother feels in the growth of her son's child and heir. No thought Of days when eyes now closed in death gazed with her upon the features of the sleeping babe, can cause the sight of this youngest-born of Royalty to recall the bitter loss which the Queen has suffered. For her, as for her people, the advent of this infant may well be a cause of gladness and rejoicing. By the inevitable laws of nature life has come after death, and joy has succeeded mourn- ing. Thus the New Year opens brightly both for Eng- land and for her monarch. Heartily and fervently will the thanksgiving ordered for Sunday next be responed to in every parish church of the United Kingdom. That this child may grow and prosper is the honest prayer of every Englishman. He is born into a noble pos-tion the inhkritor of a high destiny. The grandest crown which the world has known—the blue ribbon of Royalty —has fallen to the lot of the unconscious babe whose eyes have just opened on this strange world of ours.

THE EXECUTION OF SAMUEL WRIGHT. (From the Daily Telegraph.) Mercy weeps, and Justice herself takes part with her dismayed sister in protesting against the deed which was done yesterday at Horse-monger-lane Gaol. It was aw- ful characteristic is that it stands irrevocable for the appeal of pity made by the people on behalf of Samuel Wright has been carried ere now by his own sad spirit to a tribunal beyond the purview of earthly rulers. Ad- judged upon compassionately there—as we may think it will be-the ruling of that sublime and faultless Court of Error cannot set right again the wrong done here. It remains an inj ustice irreversible, an eternally petrified mistake, a piece of cold officialism and ministerial stiff- neckedness stereotyped for bad, and all by the gallows. The man whose life might yesterday have been saved by one stroke of the Secretary's pen-by one generous and observant impulse rising above the dead level of routine —lies now in a felon's grave, with a prision passage for his cerements. No ghost evoked with ingenious optical methods, or imagined by a diseased brain, could possess the power and the horror of. that corpse. From the grave it accuses its executioners of an unmerited death which the crowd-hardly restrained at the scaffold by respect for law—hooted as a murder." From the grave it raises that most perilous and catching cry of one law for the poor," which can hardly be contradi- cted while Victor Townley lives and Samuel Wright moulders. From the grave, too, it reminds, and will long remind the country, of that strange and distressing scene enacted yesterday, when the homicide on the scaffold bowed with his darkened face to the people cry- I ing Shame on his hangman. When and while the chocked lungs fluttered, and the heart's throb paused, ¡ and the poor brain dulled to all things in this life except to that one terrible and slow agony tediously fading off from nerve and organ, Wright must still have heard his countrymen crying against the infliction of that supreme penalty. What did it mean, this sympathy for the man Was he not a murderer ? Had not slain with his own hand the woman who was his companion ? By his own immediate and wretched confession, lie had done so; and the English people have no mandlin pity for the shedder of blood. But the feeling grows stronger every day amongst a large section of the community that blood cannot be washed away by blood, and on the red list of murders" this did not stand in the worst class. It was an act of vice and passion, but done without preme- ditation, and upon starting up from sleep it was swiftly made known, readily acknowledged, briefly tried, and hurriedly adjudged. You not sell a house or buy a piece of garden-ground so quickly as Samuel Wright was I1rrai(tlJed and cast for death; and while the prosecuting f d I to pro nee counsel himself, therefore, pressed for delay, to t produce palliating circumstances, the people .had justwitness a most doubtful act of clemency, and dem¡w e I and humane logic, that the Jeparlmcn which had seen insanity in jealous love should not see wilful murder in the frenzy of a hasty quarrel, completed and repented of I within the sixty seconds. They demanded it, as all know too well, in vain; and now the dangerous experience has passed upon the public of an execution hooted by its spectators. If anything could lend gravity tc such an event, it would be the self- restraint shown by the indignant crowd. Five hundred policemen and a few barriers of elm-timber could not yesterday have kept the thottsands who shouted Shame from tearing Wright from the gallows, if their sympathy for him had not had its basis in love of law and justice. This becomes, then, no common incident—no moek- heroic of gaol annals—no Jack Sheppard or rollicking Macheath kissing hands to the mob, and cheered out of life in return, as a bold, light-hearted rogue, And, leav- ing the crowd out of the question as the least important portion of the tragedy, those who would have gone, but who stayed away in order to have no hand or part in the business, must be remembered. For every hundred spectators at the hanging there would have been thous- 1 b 0 l' and s, but those who usually bear to look ou such things had sternly denied themselves the spectacle, rather thnu i seem to warrant a judical murder. When, again, behind all these absentees, we think of the thousands who activ- ely protested, by argument and meeting and petition I against the execution—including men of mark and cha- 0 "11' racter, and almost all the London press, with its million readers—the terrible thought is more and more impres- sed upon us, that at Ilorsemonger-lane gaol the country was on this occasion one way and the Gsveritnielit au- other, as to whether the life should be strangled out of the poor bricklayer.

EXECUTION OF LUKE CHARLES. On Saturday last, at noon, Luke Charles, once a member of the Bury police force, convicted ot the last Liverpool assizes of the murder of his wife, at Pendle- ton, on the 13th of last February, was hung at Kirk- dale Gaol. The Rev. Mr. Gibson was in attendance upon the criminal duriug the greater portion of Friday, which was spent chiefly in acts of devotion. The for- titude displayed by Charles was astonishiog. Though his untimely end was so near, he did not seem in the slightest degree depressed, but was perfjetly calm and collected. Towards the evening he inqviived if the scaffold was erected, and, on being told that it was, lie observed that he supposed there would be a great many people present on the morrow. Mr. Gibson, asked him if he wished to communicate with any of his friends—to send any farewell message to them, but Charles replied lie did not. He subsequently told the reverend gentleman that he ,was resigned to his fate, and that he felt quite happy. The scaffold was erected at the usual place, at the nortli-west angle of the prison walls, on Friday afternoon, and Calcraft the executioner, arrived at tha gaol in the course of the evening. No doubt owing to the inclemency of the weather, the mob did not begin to assemble at so early an liotir as on previous occasions. At ten o'clock there were not more than 200 persons assembled in the vicinity of the scaffold. They consisted chiefly of the class popularly known as "roughs," some of whom took up directly they arrived upon the ground, the position ) they deemed most favourable for viewing the revolting spectable which a public execution invariably possess, and retained them until the close of the proceedings. A number of wretched thinly clad boys and girls in- duced to brave the piercing cold, and stand shivering in that bleak spot for a couple of hours, for the sake of I seeing a poor wretch launched into eternity by the hands of the common hangman. Several of the boys and men filled up a portion of the intervening time by disporting themselves upon the frozen ponds in the ¡ adjacent brickfields, and a burst of laughter might now and then be heard as some unlucky wight would roll upon the ice. There was, however, displayed some ¡ of the characteristics of the mob on such occassions, less blasphemy, lewdness, obscenity—which is gen- erally carried on under the very shadow of the scaffold. Certainly, where there was one serious face to be found, indicating a mind impressed with the solemnity of approaching death in its most degrading form, and punishment for the worst of crimes, there were many faces in which eyes and meuth axpressed almost every emotion but that of seriousness. The conversation was rife with speculation as to how the culprit would meet his fate, and some few argued, cursed, and wrestled with those that attempted to elbow them from the places they had taken some trouble to obtain. Several well-dressed females were observed amongst the crowd. A body of the borough police, consisting of 62 men and four inspectors, under the direction of Superintendent Haymes, was upon the ground for the preservation of order, but their duties were never of a lighter character than in this instance. Instead of being formed in line in front of the mob, as usual for the purpose of keeping a clear space for the represen- tatives of the press, the men endeavoured to keep themselves warm by perambulating the lanes leading to the gaol. It was expected that there would be a number of visitors from Bury, as the murderer was well known there, but a person from that town stated that he was the only passenger for Liverpool by the ordinary train, and that the railway company had not announced their intention to run an excursion train for the accommodation of those desirous of witnessing the spectacle at Kirkdale. Aa the hour for the execu- tion drew near, the crowd constantly received addi- tions, though in nothing like the numbers which flocked towards the gallows on the occasion of the last execntion. They were chiefly of the class usually to be found at scenes of this kind-men who go to see a man hang as they would go to see a puppet show or anything else that would gratify their morbid apparition for the sensational. The proportion of women seemed to be much smaller than others. A minute or so after twelve, the door leading to the scaffold opened, and the unfortunate man stepped out, apparently assisted by one of the officials of the gaol. He looked paler than he did at his trial, and he walked upon the scaffold with his eyes closed, as though to shut from his view the outer world. There was no shrinking apparent, however, but the same firm bear- ing, withoat the slightest touch of bravado, which he exhibited throughout his protracted trial. He stood with military uprightness beneath the drop, his eyes still closed, and in a momant afterwards his features were concealed from view by the white cap which Cal- craft placed over his head. The executioner then quickly completed the final preparations, the bolt was withdrawn, and the unfortunate man fell beneath the screen, apparently dying without a struggle. The crowd, which, at the outside did not probably number more than 4,000 people, then immediately dispersed.

DEPARTURE OF THE QUEEN FOR OSIROR-F,On Wed- nesday niternoon, her Majesty the Queen took leave of the Princess of Wales at Frogmore House, and, in com- pany with the Prince o! Wales and the Princesses Halena and Beatrice, proceeded to the Windsor station of the Great Western Railway, where a special train was in waiting to receive her Majesty and convey her to Gosport, en rpute to Osborne. The royal carriages arrived at Windsor shortly after one o'clock, and her Majesty, leaning on the arm of the Prince of Wales, was at once conducted to the state saloon carriage, the Prince of Wales taking an affectionate farewell of her Majesty and the Princesses. The royal train left the station at 1.30, the Prince drivine back through Windsor to Frogmore. The special train proceeded to Basingstoke on the narrow-guage rail of the Great Western, and then passed along the South-Western line to the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard, Gosport. The distinguished party here embarked on board the Royal yacht and proceeded to Osborne, which was reiclied abeut five o'clock p.m. ENGLISH PATENTS.—The following patents, amongst others were sealed during the week ending December 19, 1863:—John MacDonald, of Ashton-under-Lyne, manager, for certian improvements in jacquartl looms. Dated July 4, 1853.-James Marshall, of Stockport, I cotton spinner, for certain improvements in apparatus for applying adhesive substances to spindles employed in spinning cotton and other fibrous materials, and for the lubrication thereof. Dated Octobar 28, 185:J. Alfred Tulpin, of Manchester, engineer, for improve- ments in Machinery for stretching and drying fabrics. A communication. IDated June 26, 1863. Thomas Dunn, of Manchester, engineer, for improvements in j the construction and maintainance of the permanent way of railways. Dated June 27, 1863.—John Light- foot, of Acerington, chemist, for improvements in nxing mordants in the processes of dyeing and printing textile fabrics or yams. Dated June 16, l863.-?oseph Steele and William Mason, both of Leeds, corn factors, for improvements in apparatus for removing the bran or outer skin from wheat and other gram. Dated June 16 IS63.-William Neill, jun., of St. Helens, engineer, for I improvements in steam engine. Dated June 16 1863— JX CoUingwood Onions, of Birmmgham, smiths' bel- l Jiir ?? Pnatent portable forge manufacturer, for im pr::emeL InM?' and other bellows. Dated Jane ??Mward?rook., of Birmingham, manufac- t'? for improvements in breach-loading fire-arms. D.S J?e?, 1863,-Andrew Edmund Brae, of Leeds, I for improvements in apparatus for actuating domestic no other signals by the electric current. Dated T?ml 24 1863—Henry Haigh and Richard Heaton, of Milne Bridge, near Hmddersneld, dyers, for improye- ments in dying cotton or other fibrous substances. Bated September 29, 1863. From Messrs. John DaTice and Son's List, 4, St, Ann's Square, Manchester.

FRANCE. I Pin-is, January 13.—An imperial decree has bee* issued to-day declaring the construction of a railway from Orleans to the Bourbonuais line to be a work of public utility.—T.ie speech of M. Thiers li-ts ereated a profGund sensation in Paris, and is considered as mark- ing a new era in the history of the Second Empire.— In the Corps Legislatif, a bill was presented in reference to sugar. The debate on the late elections and official candidates was then resumed. Mr Ansel spoke against and M. Lafons Mur in favour of these candidates, M. Jules Favre made a speech which caused great excite- ment. M. Rouland, the Minister, in reply, dwelt on the disloyalty of the preceding speaker. This expression was received with loud dissatisfaction, and was subse- quently withdrawn by M. Houland at the request of the Duke de Moray. Tile Patvie" this evening, speaks of a Danish project to submit the Dano-Germanic contlict to the mediation of the Emperor Napoleon. Paris, Jan. 14.-Tile debate on the address in the French Legislative Body continues to preseiit many ft-a tures of a growing independence, not only on the oppo- sition sirle, but in the ranks of the majority. The dis- cussion on the election being resumed, M. Thiers supported the amendment of the Opposition respectin g the elections. He attacked the principle of official can- didatures, and expressed much respect for the rignts and origin of the majority, but lie regretted the abuses of the administration, and the introduetien of the name of the Emperor into the candidatures. He was only able to understand official candidatures npon the condition of every kind of liberty being respected. M. Thiers pointed out the abuses of power with which the Oppo- sition reproached the Government, and ended by de- claring his opinion that universal suii'rage wouljl prove the safeguard of the country. (Loud interruption.) The speaker explained that this remark was not intemlclil 1m a threat, but merely as a warning. ,\1. lloulier de- clared that there was no difference in the views of if-IT. Thiers and Jules Favre, and showed that the right of the Government to interfere with the elections was absolute, aud nad existed under all Governments, The minister then drew a picture of the election under pre- ceding admistrations, and criticised the conduct of the Opposition party, his remarks calling forth the energetic applause of the majority. He dcclarell plainly that the constitution could only be modified by the Emperor, who reigned and governed. The chamber declined to listen to another speech from Jules Favre. The amend- ment was then rejected by lUd to I t, and the chamber adopted the first paragraph of the address. The debate will be continued to-morrow. THE POLICY OF THE EMPEROR OF THE I FRENCH. Paris, January 12.-The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post" makes the following remarks in his letter of the above date The debates now going on in the Legislative Chambers are doubtless read with in- terest throughout the country. The two great facts that come out in theie speeches are that the Government and a large majority of the Chambers desire peace and economy. It is difficult to imagine that such demon- stratiom; will not have their effect on the Sovereign find those of Ills advisers that are Napoleon's friends. The session will leave its mark, and produce a good effect. It will be seen from the speeches of M. Thiers and others that the Opposition is moderate aud practical, and by no means anti-imperialist. People are asking— Has not the time come when more of the responsi- bility of government might he given to the Ministry and Parliament ?' There is doubtless a moderate party who are crying out for all sorts of liberty. La France," La Presse," and the Siecle" are all singing chorus about liberty every day, and representing these diifercnt sets of politicians. This session we shall have liberty at elections and liberty of the press advocated in the chambers. But it is doubtless if the Emperor will listen to the syrens, whom he may think may resemble too much the deceptive dramas of classical days. There are are no signs of the Emperor having yet changed his views about the amount of liberty good for the French nation. If there exists the utmost freedom of speech iu the chambers, the journals are, perhaps, more than exposed to warnings and suspensions."

FRANCE AND GERMANY. I IMPERIAL CIRCULAR TO GERMAN STATES. I Berlin, January 12.-France has addressed a circular note t. the secondary German States, explaining her position in reference to the proposal of England for assembling a conference on the Schleswig-Holstein question. It is asserted that France states in this cir- cular note that the London conference of 1852 had only created all impotent work, which has been condemned by events. A new conference must be based upon proper conditions. Such a conference must take as its starting r point the state of things now existing in Holstein, and must not be in opposition to the Federal Diet, as it would discuss questions which might already have been resolved by events. France would also wish the Diet to be represented at this conference, but must first know whether the Federal Diet, which has hitherto objected to the interference of the foreign powers who signed the protocol of London in the quarrel with Denmark, has changed its views on the subject.

I THE SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION. I Hamburg, January 11.—News from the south of Schleswig says that the ice upon the Schlei is mostly so thin as apparently not to allow of the passage of large bodies of troops. Altona, January 11, Evening.—According to adviccs received here, the families of subaltern ofifcers and others inhabiting the Castle of Gottorp have been ordered to evacuate it within twenty-four hours, as the government of Schleswig will be transferred thither. It is said that the King and Queen may possibly take up their residence in the castle. Hanover, January 12.—In reply to the address pre- sented by the deputation of the popular meeting, Herr Von Hanmerstein, the Minister of the Interior, declared that it was known how great an interest the King takes in the duchies, but that his majesty could not by any explanation anticipate the decision of the Federal Diet. The minister refused to give any explanation as to the intention of the King's government, but observed that there was no reason to suppose that the reply of the King would be unfavourable. Vienna, January 12.—It is stated that the Danish minister for foreign affairs has addressed a note to the Austrian cabinet, indirectly admitting that Denmark had not fulfilled her engagements, and requesting that the negotiations between Denmark and Germany might be continued from the point at which they ceased in 1851-52. Berlin, January 11.—" The two great German Powers," says the Nord remain faithful, notwith- standing numerous assertions to the contrary, to the attitude which they assumed at the commencement on ¡ the Schleswig-Holstein question. On Monday, ia an I extraordinary sitting of the Diet, they renewed with I energy their proposition to invite Denmark to withdraw the constitution of November, under pain of seeing Schleswig immediately occupied. In the view of the Austrian and Prussian Governments, this occupation would not imply the forfeiture of the treaty of London on the contrary, it would serve to induce Denmark to respect the stipulations of the treaty. The vote upon the Austro-Prussian proposition will take place on Thursday. It is impossible to predict what will be its fate, and although it includes the recognition of the treaty of 1852, it would be adventurous to predict for it a defeat. The majority favourable to the pretensions of the Duke of Augustenburg is not, whatever they may say, so compact in the Diet that it cannot be influenced by the representations which Austria aud Prussia have already made to the states which compose it." The German journals begin to speak of a secret negotiation between Austria and Prussia. Austria, the "Rhenish Gazette says, offers to abandon the Duchies to the dis- cretion of Prussia in exchange for the guarantee by Prussia and Venstia. The North German Gazette, a semi-official journal, endeavours to prove that the Sollieswif-Holsteiu question is not based on a principle of nationality at ail" No," it says, "it is not the sentiment of nationality, but national interest, which is urging the German people to the North. If the present movement owed its origin to the Idea of nationality, the German people would for a long tune past have turned their eyes to the Rhine to recover the provinces here, which they were forced to cede to France, and would no "I doubt manifest that feeling towards her powerlul neigh- bour beyond the Rhine with as much energy as towards her weak adversary beyond the Eider. But the people feel that their interests are not on the other side of the Rhine; their instinct guides them to the north, and tends towards the sea: "Thalatta 1 Thalatta! (the sea! the sea !) that indispensable element of the life of civil- ised States, without which every nation, however vigorous it may be, must wither away and perish! Such is the Schleswig-Holstein question for Germany."

I INDIA. I Bombay, December 29.- The frontier force advanced off the 2Öth December, and, after having fought two actions, in which the enemy suffered heavily, and our loss was also great, the Bonair tribe surrendered their chief, and made peace. Mulk-, the seat of the fanatics was destroyed. The immediate direction of the frontier force has been given to Sir Hugh Rose,

POLAND. Mr Grant Duff writes b the Times" a favonrame report on the Rusniau prisons, which he visited at WiJam and Warsaw, and he conclude. HY str.fing he is persuaded no ono could have made the ti»ur v.bi:-ii he had just com- pleted in Rusnia and Poland wi'hoat coining to the con- clusion that the prospect:; of the insurgents are utterly desperate. The Polish National Government has issnfti 'Iti(pil to lti tl-o!, P !-Z, 4,t.-L t e d 15- the following proclamation to its troops, dated ilec. 15- Soldiers! you must accomplice your task to the erd- and always cry Poland for ever free, one, -,ii(I inle, pendent, with Lithuania and Ruthenia united to it!"

ITALY. I Turin, January 12.In the Senate to-aav, tHe ,tenl1. on the treaty of commc.-ce and navigation with I'rau&e came on. Siguori Andilfredi and Pareti f-poke against the treaty. Siguor Minghetti. President of Co w-il, dwelt upon the financial aspect of tiie treaty, and ex- pressed his opinion that it was destined to draw closer the bonds 1; twcen France and Italy. He seized the opportunity of expressing the sentiments of iii'lignaUoa felt by the country for the conspiracy organised »gain at the Emperor of the French. (Applaur.c). Iu the Chamber of Deputies, t:io bill for the repression of bri- gandage was passed by 150 to 4.ti votes. Turin, January 13.-Tlie debate in the Senate on 'I J- _Ll. [;1u.¿. ,r." luo trL -0: oi commerce an-t navigation w«wi e continued. The Minister for Foreign Atiairs pointed out the ultimate utility ivnd practical value of the policy inaugurated by an alliance with France, and also the m- auguration of a new commercial system. Tile t'e:4tl was adopted by 70 votes to 8.

JAPAN. The" Mmutenr do la Flotto," publishes very favour- able news from its own correspondent in Japan, a¡ü S Yokohama, November 17. The letter states that on tito pr -cfling daj" the ifiiculty with Prince Satsuma was arranged. The Prince i, to pay the English representa- tive the sum of previous to the at- tack on Ivogosima for the murder of Mr Richardson. The Je(t(lo h.Lve, the decree fut- tit. expulsion of foreigners from Japan, and have discon- tinued the building of forts round Yokohama, which re- mains in possession of the Eiropean forces. The Prince of Satcuma had become leis &avflge, /lull had an- nounced his intention to send thirty Tueaig men ot goo4 family, to be educated in Engkiul. Peace may COESR- quently be considered certain for the present, and com- mercial transactions have resumed their activity. There were 14 English ships of war in the port. 4 Yokohama on the 17th of November, and in add:ti<7a two corvettes at Nagasaki. The English admiral he said to be expecting two more vcssels from the Pacific-

AMERICA. (News by the Jurat. New York, J:in 1 (Morning), The Federal Government have oiueiully denied that they had stated they would never tolerate or reeognis. the 3vlexiettii monarchy. The correspondence submitted to Congress will show the true position of the Federal Government with regard to this question. In the Confederate Congress Senator Browne nrgoS that the conscription should be extended to all men, without exception, cap oi bearing arms. The New York Times" states that Lord Lyons has had numerous interviews with Mr Seward concerning the Chesapeake alfair. Nov.York, Jan 2 (Morning). General Longstreet is reported to have retired to position in East Tennessee capable of being strongly fortified, and having open communication with Norife Carolina and Virginia thus necessitating the presence of a heavy Federal force in East Tennessee. The Caattanooga correspondent of -1 The New York Times asserts that General Grant has forwarded to Washington a plan of campaign different from any hitherto submitted. General Pillow reports that Sullivan's column has re- turned to Harper's Ferry from a raid Western's Virginia, in which he captured 400 prisoners and a amount of property. Southern journals assert that General Rosse hall just completed au entire circuit of General Meaile's army. viobile despatches state that the mutiny in Fort Jackson, below New Orleans, was serious, three gun- boats having been sent to quell the distiubance. The Confederate Congress has passed a bill that no persons were exempt from military duty because they furnished substitutes and forbidding people to deal ia Federal currency. The Richmond Sentinel" urges the people to assist the Southern cause by sending their gold, silver, ani plate into the Treasury, in exchange for bonds. The Persia and North America have arrived out. ( (Bv Telegraph, to Portland.) v x- i -r .-i ihew iorii, oiii. z. The Federal Gove rlliuent has postponed the draft till the middle of January. The Governor of New York has removed the New York Police Commissioners on the ground that t'hdt reports of the New York riots were sectarian and paz- t'sai. Several more merchants of New York have been ar- rested for carrying on a contraband trade with the Soath. Archbishop Hughes, the Roman Catholic Archbishaji of New York is dead.

PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND THE WORKING MEN. A correspondent of "The Manchester Examiner yn3 Times" sends to that paper the following extract from & letter written from New York by a working man who, a few months ago. emigrated from England, and WltO had been appointed to wait upon President Lincoln yg one of a deputation of three in respect of the mechanics* strike We left, on Sunday evening, New York, by express train, and rea.ched Wasti-ington about eight; o'clock next morning, having travelled a distance uf 255 miles. We put up at one of the largest hotels in Wash- ington, onr individual exponses being 12s. Cd. per dav but we lived like lords, We had to pay 5d. for cleaning our boots, the same for brushing our clothes, and 7J4. for a shave. Such is the way a Yankee working men's deputation live. We spent Monday in visiting the dock- yard, in which there are some splendid ships, aud large cannon getting ready for the war. The railroads are guarded by soldiers for more than one hundred miles this side of Washington. As Tuesday was appointed for our interview with the President, we proceeded early on that day to the White House, where Mr Lincoln should reside, but he prefer-i living in a more humble way, in a small cottage a little out of the city but he reaches the White House as early as nine o'clock punct- ually every morning. On arriving at the Presidential mansion we freely examined the most beautiful suite tf rooms I ever witnessed, and walked in aud out just ss we pleased, without anyone saying a word or interfering with us. I had never seen such beautiful furniture. We saw a coloured man lighting tires, whom we infonneJ that we wanted to see the President, at the same time giving him a to give him. In less tlUll live minutes after we were before the President, about whom I lienrl so much when iii England. This was the man wiitso name was a signal for a burst of applause or the groan* and hisses of the haters.o; treodom. I little thought when I used to clap at tim announcement of his name in the Free-trade Hail and elsewhere in ■■ auehestor that I should ever grasp his hand or engage with him in con- versation. We opened the door ourselves. Mr Lincola was busy writing. When we had reached about half- way into the room, he sprang to his feet with a smart- ness that quite surprised me, shook handa with us all in turn, drew forth some chairs, and requested us to be seated. When we complied he sat himself dowix, threw out his long legs in true Yankee style, drew bill hand across his face, lighted up with an honest smile, and began. Well, <;entlemen, I see what your business ill by your note'; but it is useless to note down all thAt was said, but I can say that it is almost impossible to keep a straight face in his company, he being so brim- ful of jokes, all having some bearing on the subject uit- der consideration. But now and again in his argumeat he rivets your serious attention. You cannot misundei- stand him, he is so solid and then he will finish with a pun. I consider him to be a staunch supporter of ties working man. Whilst we were taiking to Lincoln, a boy came running into the room—just such a boy as yaa would feel inclined to give a penny to for fetching your coals. His clothes had seen much wear; his billycock had worn itself into a sugar loaf shape, and his strour shoes made no little noise. He appeared above tea years old. I fully expected to see him cuffed out of the room. This was one of Lincoln's sons. He had,* bright, healthy face, and, as his father rubbed his heal between his hands, laughing lustily, the little fellow made quite a struggle to get loose. American,Presi- dents are human nature. Tiiey can be sociable and fatherly, and still do their duty to their country in its grearest trials. Lincoln is just such a man as I love be be m company with. He lirnls a bright side to every question, and is sure to illustrate his argument with;s witty JOKft. You cannot forget what he says,1*

A COMFORTABLE PRESENT.—A rAaUsion, completely furnished, was presented to Bishop SilupSojI, of tba Methodist Church, in Philadelphia, on ThamHgiviML. day. The mansion is double, with side parloura, eacia illuminated with 6-Ught chandeliers, a hall alld TtWtibU)p in the centre, exteu.ivc b?k buiidioga. fine library. ?ttmg_room receptiuu-room, &c" the  wanned by m?us 01 n.prov?l patent Xn.M? eBB. N.JS? lianJaomely furnished,

.-—— ?1 ?NOW. I C,-NI .-aJio „ some lines to Jack Frost in the Ad- ,??" ? s?.] 'On re !1 k 1 ,rrtl=lr #J not John Fro^ transported, ?e thirty years ?o? ? ? it ?-? '1'??'? That the J"? said he might go— • civil message ?"Sc lie Hk?t? water hot, ?Qn<-cn?'?P?y?P?Se ?.? n?'??"??P?- S.hi.n.i.h.?ht?,?6re, And a sillv Chartist drove' a IIIIN' drove, H?rsnok?'?' Zephanier, And another downy cove, cool his brain-pan T am not quite certain where, rntof this i in the main can Be qnit snre, I do not care. We do not wish to squecsc him Fro.n.?"?y?' W" hoever does should seize him,  apply him to his brain. MOIIAL. To uip wli,it any illitil gets 'lohmiv Frost will not allure, Tfinstead of hoarding blankets, Wp divide them with the poor. „yoUT3 obediently SAM SSOW. I