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dTorfifltt anb Colonial, I

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dTorfifltt anb Colonial, I FRANCE. I The Emperor, on the occasion of the death of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden, has gone into mourning for three weeks, the first ten days full, and the remainder of the time half mourning. The Constitutionnel publishes an article signed by its chief editor, M. Gradguillot, expressing regret that the Romish Court is still bent under the influence of Aus- tria as before the war :— The Pope having refused to follow the advice given by Napoleon III., the duty of France is fulfilled. The counsel of France will never be changed into menaces or compulsion. The injustice towards her is great, but it will never cause her to depart from her character of moderation and protection. France would if necessary still defend the Pope against anarchy in Rome, but should the political authority of the Holy Father be everywhere else doomed to experience another crisis, the responsibility would not fall back on the generous nation who has done everything for warding it off, and who will always be ready to grant to the Pope that support and assistance which is misapprehended to-day." The Univers of Sunday, publishes at the head of its columns an "encyclical letter" from the Pope, ad. dressed to all the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, bishops, and others in orders," which maybe considered as a reply to the Emperor., letter to his Holiness, After thanking the" faithful for their Zealand perse- verance in defending the course of justice," the Pope proceeds to the point as follows But whilst your admirable zeal and love towards us, venerable brethren, and towards this Holy See, whilst the sentiments of the faithful akin to your own softened our affliction, we have had from another 'quar- ter a fresh source of trouble. It is on this account that we write you this letter, in order that on a subject of such importance'our sentiments should be known to Vu. Recently, as many of you are already aware, the garisian j ournai called the ovf ou are alread aware, the Parisian journal called the Moniteur published a letter from the Emperor of the French, by which he replied to a letter from us, and in which we earnestly entreated his Imperial Majesty to protect with his powerful patronage in the Congress of Paris the integrity and in. violability of the temporal power of the Holy See, and to release it from a criminal rebellion. In his letter alluding to a certain counsel which he had before given to us on the subject ofthe proviuces which have rebelled against our Pontifical dominion, the mighty Emperor advises us to renounce the possession of those same pro- vinces, considering such a renunciation as the only remedy for the present disturbed state of affairs. Each of you, venerable brethren, perfectly under- stands that the remembrance of the duty of our high charee did not allow us to remain silent after receiving that letter. Without any delay we hastened to reply to the same Emperor, and in the apostolical liberty of our mind we declared to him clearly and openly that we could not in any way adhere to his counsel, because it carried with it insurmountable difficulties on account of our dignity and that of the Holy See, and also on account of the sacred character and the rights of that same see, which do not belong to the dynasty of any Royal family but to all Catholics. At the same time we declared that we could not cede what is not ours, and that we could perfectly comprehend that the vic- tory which would be given to the revolted inhabitants of the Emilia would be a stimulant to the commission of similar attempts on the part of the native and foreign pcrturbators of the other provinces when they rhoufd witness the success obtained by the rebels. And, among other things, we made known to the said Em. peror that we could not abdicate the abovementioned provinces of our Pontifical dominion without violating the solemn oaths which bind us; without exciting complaints and risings in the rest of our states without inflicting injury on all Catholics; and, lastly, without weakening the rights not only of the princes of Italy who have been unjustly despoiled of their dominions, but also of all the princes of the Christian world, who could not see with indifference the introduction of certain very pernicious principles. We did not omit to observe that his Majesty was well aware by what men, with what money, and with whose assistance the recent attempts at rebellion were excited and accomplished at Bologna, at Ravenna, and in other towns, while the freat majority of the people remained stupified under the low of this rebellion, which they did not expect, and were not disposed at all to follow. And inasmuch as the very serene Emperor thought that those provinces ought to be abdicated by us on account of the seditious !v;;n: which have been ec:cie' :etf:: to time, we opportunely replied that this argument is un- tenable, since similar movements have frequently taken place, both in the regions of Europe and elsewhere, and there is no one who could therefrom draw any legitimate argument for lessening the possessions of a civil government. We have not omitted to remind the same Emperor, that before the war in Italy he addressed to us a letter very different from his last one and one which gave us consolation and not affliction. And as, from some expressions in the letter published in the abovenamedjouirnal, we thought that we had reason to fear that our rebellious provinces of the Emilia were already regarded as removed from our Pontifical do- mination, we begged his Majesty, in the name of the Church, that in consideration of his own welfare and utility, he would put an end to our apprehension. Actuated by that paternal charity with which we must watch over the eternal satyation of all, we reminded him that every one must one day render a strict account before the tribunal of Christ, and undergo a very severe judgment, and that every one ought, on that account, to do energetically everything in his power to merit rather the action of mercy than that of justice." The letter then proceeds to implore the prayers of the faithful, but the above is the political part of it, which is all that the public care for. In consequence of the publication of this encycli- dicalletter" the Univers has been suppressed. The following is the report of the Minister of the Interior, which precedes the decree of suppression The Univers was the organ of a religious party whose pretensions were every day becoming in more direct opposition to the 'privileges of the state. Inces- sant efforts of this party tend to dominate the French clergy, to confound religious opinions, to agitate the country, and to undermine the fundamental bases on which the relations between the Church and civil society are founded. This war, made against our most ancient national traditions, is most dangerous to religion, which it com- promises, because the French clergy have never separated their respectful submission to the Holy See in spiritual matters from their duties of patriotism. The controversy of the Univers was the subject of pro- found grief to the clergy as well as to all other good citizens." The report then says-is The doctrines which the Univers would have resuscitated among us are not new. The former French monarchy continually and ener- getically contended against them, being sometimes supported in the struggle by the higher rank of bishops. The Emperor will not show himself less anxious than his predecessors to cause the principles which are consecrated by our national traditions to be respected." A telegram from Brussels states that the "sup- pressed Univers is to be continued in that city. The Secretary of the French Embassy at Rome, the Marquis Cadow Larochefoucault, embarked on Monday from Marseilles for Civita Vecchia. It is asserted that he is the bearer of important despatches from the French Government to the Pope. The Moniteur of Tuesday says:—" Government has often deplored the irritating character of the contro- versy in religious questions. The Univers having been suppressed, violent articles in reply to its provocation The enceforth without motive and without excuse. The whole press-will understand that these grave ques- tions must be discussed with that quietness and mode. ration which Are ordered by the interest of public peace and respect for religion, SPAIN. I The Madrid journals of the 23rd say that by mistake that the death of M.Ordonez, an ex-minuter was announced; he is, however, represented to be dan- gerously ill. A letter savs Peace condnues to be much talked of. It is saId that communications on the subject have been made to Marshal O'Donnell from Madrid, and that the latter, though anxious to carry the war to a successful issue, is ready to sacrifice his own opinions on account of considerations of a high order based on the present state of Europe. Another letter has the following: The Pope's Nuncio is said to be endeavouring to enlist volunteers in Spain for the service of the Holy See, but he forgets that Spanish laws formally forbid enrolments for foreign powers. Undoubtedly, after the conclusion of the war in Morocco, numerous soldiers would, if autho- rised by the government, be willing to enrol themselves under the banner of the Pope, but the Spanish govern- ment will not on any account tolerate a demonstration calculated to displease France aDd England." A letter from Madrid says The Duke de Mont- 1 pensier has received a letter from Marshal O'Donnell, commander-in-chief of the Spanish army in Morocco, informing him that in a combat on the 21st with the Moors, the Count d'Eu, nephew of his royal highness, so highly distinguished himself that the cross of San Fernando had been conferred on him on the field. This cross is only given for brilliant actions and the count, who is eldest son of the Duke de Nemours, had only arrived in Morocco on the evening preceding the combat. The prince is sub-lieutenant in the princess's regiment of hussars." AUSTRIA. The Austrian press has received tha speech of Queen Victoria with much ill-humour. The Ostdeutsche Post discovers in it a complete new theory of the system of non-intervention, and which appears to it to authorise the entrance of the Austrians into the Legations. That journal says:— We find in the speech certain declarations relative to the system of non-intervention worthy of remark. We thought, according to what had been said by the French journals, that the system of non-intervention consisted in not allowing any power, either France or Austria, Sardinia or Naples, to adopt any military in- terference in the affairs of Central Italy. The speech from the English throne proclaims a very different theory; as it wishes for the abstention of any violent foreign interference, which is evidently as much as to say that the military intervention of Sardinia is autho- rised. By the same right Naples, which is, as well as Sardinia, an Italian power, is authorised to send her troops into the Papal States. It logically follows that Austria, inasmuch as she is an Italian power, has not less right to send her troops by the Venetian frontier into the states of the soi-disant Emilia. God forbid that we should give this advice; we have already expressed our ideas and our wishes upon this subject. But the fact is, that the passage in the speech from the throne, unless it be an empty phrase, has no other meaning than that of designating France as well as Austria as a power foreign to Italy, and as expressing the desire of England that the French troops should evacuate Italy." I PRUSSIA. A committee of the Chamber of Nobles in Prussia has commenced the examination of the marriage bill. The clause for allowing civil marriages to be effected at the choice of the parties was supported by only one member, and that for rendering civil marriages obliga- tory was rejected by 7 votes to 5. "The discussion in the Upper Chamber," says the National Gazette of Ber- lin, "will not give a better result, and the fate of the bill may consequently be considered as decided." The Prince Regent of Prussia gave a grand dinner on tht11i:d Lord Bloomfield, the English Minister, a soirfce and concert, in honour of the second anniversary of the marriage of Prince Frederick William of Prussia with the Princess Victoria of England. A letter from Berlin of the 27th, in the Gazette du Petiple, contains the following:- We learn that the Prussian Government is on the point of acceding to the treaty of commerce concluded between France and England, on conditions which cannot but be well received by the country from com- mercial reasons as well as for advantages in a political point of view." A telegram from Berlin, dated Monday last, says— It is asserted that the arrangement between France and Sardinia respecting the cession of Savoy was agreed upon previous to the war in Italy, and was to be executed in case Austria should entirely evacuate Italy." I ROME. AXOTHER DEMONSTRATION.—On the 22nd ultimo another great political demonstration was made at Rome, the more immediate object in this instance being to protest against the recent address to the Pope from a portion of the nobility. An immense crowd assem- bled upon the Place Colonna, when they raised shouts ble ? ie Napoleen Viva la France Vive Victor Eal nit:iÀtefi[!nDdiit!iC; government of the Priests!" General Goyon has since published an order of the day, declaring that his mis- sion is to preserve tranquility, and that he must prevent any 'further manifestation. The agitation, however, continued. SARDINIA; I The King of Sardinia has issued a decree re-admit- ting General Fanti into the Sardinian army with his former rank of lieutenant-general, he having, it may be remembered, resigned his post in order to take ser- vice in Central Italy. An important circular has been addressed by Count Cavour to the Sardinian Ambassadors abroad on the question of Central Italy. In this circular Count Cavour observes-" That inhabitants of Central Italy had accepted the Congress with confidence, but impor- tant events followed which caused its adjournment. The pamphlet, LePape et le Congres' (of which, without seeking its authorship, no one can contest the impor- tance), the letter of Napoleon III. to the Pope, the speech of the Queen of England, and the speech of Lord Palmerston in the House of Commons, are facts which show the impossibility of the restoration of the ancient rule in Central Italy. It is certain that the Congress will not be assembled for the present. The government of Central Italy have, under these circum- stances, the important duty of giving satisfaction to the legitimate requirements of the people, whose dignity and conduct have so much astonished Europe. The governments of Central Italy being satisfied on their part, wished also to satisfy these provinces by pro- claiming the law of Sardinia for political elections. For the present, only announcing these facts, Count Cavour concludes by recalling that he will never fail in his responsibility for the tranquility of Europe and the pacification of Italy." AMERICA. The Royal Mail steamer Arabia, Capt. Stone, arrived at Liverpool on Sunday, from New York on the 18th instant, The House of Representatives at Washington con- tinued unorganised. The question of Speakership had undergone no change. untnS:ahMrSummer had oSered a resolution directing that the Post Office committee should inquire into the expediency of reducing the rates of ocean postage. Senator Douglass had offered a resolution directing the judiciary committee to report a bill for the protec- tion of all the American states and territories [against invasion by the inhabitants of any other state or terri- The Omaha Nebraskian of the 10th inst., states that the bill abolishing slavery in Nebraska territory which had passed both Houses of the Legislature, had been vetoed by Governor Black. The investigation into the catastrophe at Lawrence was progressing. The total number of dead and missing was 206. The 17th inst. was observed in Lawrence as a day of humiliation and prayer. The death of Lord Macaulay was eliciting warm eulogies from the American press. The factory of Messrs. T, H, Peters and Co., PhUa. delphia. had been destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of 80,000 dols. I A writer in the lHario newspaper, in reviewing the message of the President Buchanan, asserts, with some warmtn, that Spain will never, at least in our day, listen to a proposition for the sale of Cuba. The Portland (Oregon) Advertiser of the 17th Dec. says that the United States steamer Massachusetts, bound to Vancouver's Island with the soldiers who had lately occupied San Juan Island, was detained at that port by ice. THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. The Cape mail steamer Dane, Captain Hoffmann, arrived at l'lymouth on Sunday from the Cape. Her dates are-Cape Town, Dec. 22; St. Helena, Dec. 31; Ascension, Jan. 4. The first electric telegraph at the Cape had been laid down, and was in active operation as far as the railway works extended. Its -e tas hitherto been confined to the railway contractors, but it is expected that it will be thrown open to the public within a couple of years, by which time it is probable that the works will be completed. It is then proposed to extend it along the seaboard districts, as far as Graham's Town. Thejlocal government has ordered a short telegraph line of 21 miles to be laid down between Cape Town and Simon's Bay.. 1 h The vine disease had appeared extensively in the Cape and some neighbouring districts, and will very considerably diminish the supply of Wine next season. The first of an intended series of agricultaral exhibi- tions had taken place at Caledon, about 75 miles from Cape Town, and attracted a large concourse of farmers from the surrounding country. The show of agricul- tural produce of all kinds, and especially fine-woolled sheep, surpassed all expectation, and a considerable number of silver cups and premiums in money were awarded to the successful competitors; parliament having, last session, granted the liberal sum of £1,500 to be distributed in this way amongst the various agri- cultural associations throughout the colony, in propor- tion to the exertions of their members. Sir John Wylde, Chief Justice for 28 years, died at Cape Town, aged 79. Colonel Rose, R.E., has been unfortunately drowned; he went out to succeed Miyor-General Bolton, who, in consequence of the misfortune, and of the serious illness of Colonel Dill, continues in command. At Alice, James' Negan' *as charged at the Cir- cuit Court with shooting a Caffre, while in the .Cii robbing his crops. The jury returned a verdict of jus- tifiable homicide." Chevalier du Prat has received a letter from Mr. An- dersson, the traveller, who has failed to reach the Canene, but has discovered another river, 250 yards broad, flow- ing eastward. Since May, 1858, 2511 emigrants have landed in Table Bay, and 2342 in Algoa-bay. The passages ranged from 52 to 86 days, but the John and Lucy had been out 108 days, when, just previous to the departure of the Dane, at noon December 22, an American ship hove in sight, with 180 emigrants belonging to the John and Lucy, which was wrecked near Cape St. Roque on the 23rd of Sept. She had a cargo of rail- way iron and salt. All her passengers were conveyed safely to Rio Grade. INDIA. I By the arrival of the overland mail we have received advices from Calcutta to Dec. 22, and from Madras to the 28th. The Governor-General with Lady Canning started from Agra on the evening of the 8th, to pay a flying visit to Muttra, and he arrived at that station on the following morning. Thence he proceeded to Govind- ghur and Deig, returning to Muttra on the evening of the 10th. His lordship rejoined his camp at Hattras, on the 11th, at 8 p.m. About midnight a fire was dis- covered in his sleeping tent, occasioned, it is said, by the fire in a portable stove, which was soon reduced to ashes. The dining-tent with its contents was also de. stroyed. On the 16th, the camp was expected at Boo- lundshuher, and at Meerut on the 21st. A durbar was to be held at this station; but it is rumoured that there would not be one at Delhi, in order to mark the insig- nificance of the former capital of the Emperors of Hindustan. His Excellency was then to proceed by dak to Roorkee, and return after a few days O Meerut. Mr. Wilson was expected to join the Viceroy's camp on the 18th or 20th. On the 14th he arrived at Allaha- bad, and held a conference with the principal officials of the station. The Madras public has been invited by govern- ment to form a municipality, partly on the elective principle. The Madras and Bombay troops which have been serving in the disturbed districts are about to return to their own presidencies. CHINA. I By this mail we have advices from Hong Kong to Dec. 15, and from Shanghae to Dec. 9. There is no certain intelligence in regard to the in- tentions of the Chinese, but it is reported that the forti- fications of Pekin are being strengthened, and that large numbers of Tartar troops are concentrated on the Peiho. Another report mentions that the Taku forts have been to some extent dismantled, and will be abandoned on the appearance of a large English force. "Shouldthat be done," says the China Mail, the English comman- ders will require to exercise the greatest caution in ascending up to Tientsin, if they attempt to do so, lest their vessels be caught by masked batteries in the turn- ings of the river." The rebels in the north of Ngan Hwui have achieved a victory over an Imperialist force through the treachery of a mandarin, whom the Emperor had dubbed" rhe Loyal Man of his Age," on account of former services he had rendered to the Imperialist cause. Fungpau, the Imperialist commander in this conflict, has been allo,?X to retire from his post, doubtless in consequmce of his non-success. Looking over the series of victories and defeats, the rebels appear to be rather losing ground. Chinese reports continued to state that immense pre- parations were being made to receive the allied forces. This, however, did not appear to interfere with trade at Shanghai. Large sales had been made to arrive, in the absence of any stock in first hands. Shipments from this had met with immediate sale, but the supply from that source was very scanty, and would soon cease. The new American treaty had come into operation at Shanghai. By Article 16 of this document, a reduc- tion of 1 mace per ton of 40 cubic feet is made on ten- nage dues payable by American ships. The British representative had claimed a like reduction on British tonnage, which latest accounts say had been conceded. THE RECENT HOSTILITIES. The correspondence between Mr. Bruce, her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary to China, and the Foreign Office relating to the recent hostilities in China, has been pub lished in the shape of a Parliamentary Return. The substance of the most important letters have already been made public. Mr. Bruce, however, in a letter dated Shanghae, Sept. 20, encloses an extract of inte- rest from the Pekin Gazette, describing the action at the Peiho. It is an Imperial decree, and must have been issued in June:— "Sung Ko-lin-sin and his colleagues have presented their report of certain details of the (late) action, as ascertained by them on iaqniry tu be true. On the 25th of the moon the vessels of the English barbarians, who would pay no attention to the reason- able commands issued to them, forced their way into the river, and opened a fire on our troops, which the latter returned. The barbarian vessels, though injured, would not withdraw, and continued the action with their infantry, until the forces of government had killed several hundreds, and had taken two of them alive. The rest then fled and slunk back to their ships. The barbarians' vessels that entered the river were thirteen in all, and but one escaped across the bar; the rest had suffered such damage from the fire that they were un- serviceable. The barbarian leader Li (?) was also so severely wounded in the thigh that he could not move. The English barbarians, violent, rebellious, and un- reasonable as they are, have on this occasion received such a chastisement as will not fail to make them aware of the danger (lit., difficulty) of offeriding the military dignity of China. The officers and men, who with a common purpose and united strength achieved this great victory, have certainly shown a more than ordi- nary courage; and we command Sung Ko-lin-sin to ascertain the names of all who exerted themselves on the occasion, and to recommend them to our favourable consideration. We, at the same time, authorise him to distribute among them 5000 taels, which he may take out of the subscription fund. Shih Tung-chun, com- mander-in-chief of the Chinese army of Chih-li, and the Brigadiers Lung Ju-yuen, Commandant of Takoo, heading the fight in person, so valiant that they disre- garded their own safety, and were killed in the bom- bardment, are, indeed, to be deplored. Let their names be^handed to the proper Board, that posthumous honors may be liberally awarded them, and let shrines be raised to them in Tien-tsin, and at their respective homes. Let the Major Tsitanpu, with Takshin, Subaltern of Muskateers, in the Plain White Banner Corps, the Lieutenant Wang Shi-yang, and the Ensign Chang Wanping, who ffe el at the same time, be awarded each one the posthumous honours to which he is by regula- tion entitled; that their loyal spirits may be comforted. "Respect this!"

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