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AN EXTUAOUDINAUY OLD AVEL8II (SUPERSTITION. In ono of the literary and art notes of tlie Bed Drttjion for March reference was made to an extra- ordinary old Welsh custom, said by the Hev. pax ton Hood in his book on "Christmas Evans," to bo observed even now in tho secluded Vale of Cwmaman, in Carmarthenshire. In the May issue of the magazine Mi.A?hcw Roberts, the editor of t))n?.M.<??j?n.f,?,tu,??p],??<} ?nt!- ,I"S an admirable paper on the subject, we take tho liberty of reproducing. it lii" 1 bsiua appropriately entitled, THK SIN hAn:II, According to Mr. Robert*, -6 There are twó articles of belief conneewd with Wales and Welsh- men that are firmly fixed in tho minds of English- men all the world ovor, One of these is, that there is a village in Anglesey called Llanfairpwllgwyn- gyllgogerychwyriidrobwlltyssiliogogogoch, and the other that there used to bo a disreputable old pruty eonneetèd with most parishes, whose busi- ness it was to swallow the offences of his defunct neighbours; and who, accordingly, bore the ominous title or tlie *Tho Sin Tho latent reference ] have seen to tho vil- lage with tho unpronounceable name is in tho 8uut/¿ Australian of Jan. 27, of this year; and the most recent • authority' for l?. superstition seems to be the Hey, Paxton tliood, who wrote a memoir of Christmas Evans a couple of year, g.. HUI, first of all, let us ,et what the earliest known 'authority on the ques- tion has to say about it. John AubrLy. who flou- :Iea: lIlli d3': h; to I'r;; all later historians' are indebted for their evidence of tho prevalence of the custom. Poor old Aubrey has been dubbed by no less an authority than Giffard, 'a credulous fool,' and, truly, aö annUler writer observes,'his power of discriminating truth from falsehood was by no mnans remarkable/ As the ibsumce of what Aubrey says, brand, in his •Popular Antiquílie,' quottlal :1n the county of Hereford was all old custome at Funeralls to hire poor People, who were to take upon them the Sinnes uf the Party deceased. On" ot them tire was a long, le,trie, ugly, lamentable poor raskelj I remember lived in a Cottage in Ross.* high-wave. The 1U'\I"'r was, that when the Corps was brought out of tho House, and layd ti?? Hiere, a Loafu of liread was brought out and de-1 livered to the Sinne Eater, over the Corps, as also 1Il\I,Iz,.r Howie uf Maph*, full of beer (which bee was tu dvinke up), and Sixe-pence in money: in whereof JUJ tooke upon him, ipso fit-to, ail the Sinnes of the defunct, and freed him or her from walking after they were dead. This customo alludes, l!1"tlllnkri, s011Jdliing to the Scape-Uoato in tho olde Lawe.' Aubrey goes on to say Ihat though the custom was 'rarely 'N'd in (Jure dives, yet by *ome people ?,,s observed even in t bo 6trkteL time of tho Presbyterian It was also observed at 'Hreconand heretofore all over Wales.' He instances a ca>e at '(ita11nr, where Mr. Gwin, the Minister, ",)ut 1640, could n(Jt! hinder the performance of thisantient custome,'and further remarks: A.D. 108d. This custome is used to thi; daye in North Wales,' where milk, he sa>s, was tho substitute fnr beer. M ow this ia positively all the evidence we havo that such a custom ever prevailed in the I'nu. 1) lit, for although John Bgf?r-I 11717? t.k? (in Leland's iUl. Ixx\.L) cf 'an (,LI mi. wh, was furnished 'with Cricket, on which be aT; u G,at, wJudJ he put in hi* pocket a ('rut of Hnlo, wnich he eat; und a full bowle of ale, which ho drank off kt a drftugtn: he does but copy Aubrey, u¡.nn vsh. text modern writers have founded homilie*. Hone summarised most of the evidence in his ♦ Year Hook.' Th" Rey, Charlen Ki-slev, in his and Education,' refers to the custom all an illustra- tJoti of the performances of thi Orphic pn. >•>, to sh«>w that in all ages we are very much alike ,nil adds, 'Ah1l, po-r human n!\tlit"t" Iir. D .vwjes wrote most graphically of the custom in hi. Decameron Iho scen-j ¡" twe< n with all,1 Machynll* th and "Ih" i •too numerous W mention,' li?ro givrn Uwir versions .f the practice, and specified 1, localities wherein it is ubaerved, but wi;.»r. the*«? accounts "'0 naly?,,i, we invariably d_"m ,I.. j original r't,) t?- t 1. l eane,ug l >, lament- :Ii),: sk:; 'l:Mt (:)61) ,u¡nrut. A very interesting discusMon »»n thi« qn^ti ,n t"ok place in ttw .IcaJe/uy during the "'1"tH months of 1375-6, in consequence of an "r1k, in on the Legends and Fulk-L/re of W,l, in which tlie w riter referred to the horribW custom of din-eating. Thi attracted th attention j of th Rev. [t. Silvan Evaus, who wivite as follow* —• The earlier portion of my life ww spent in South Wale"- an,III" lived upwards f a quarter of a century in North Wales, bit I have never heard of the strange cu<to:u here alluded u»,cithei *s now existing or iis having existed at some former ::oi.lr, tl¡::nfll.a;:I:r:: toms and ?,g?nds of the land of uy birth, aoJ ?8p:rs}i:nlref 1J;g:e £n f/' :i ¡ funerals; but I have never found a trace of sut-iii a cast'm, and I have but liule hesitation in sa\ ing that it is altogether unkuown in the I'nn.¡p.r¡,.)" This at once .Ud fJrlh replies, but af-t. "ere ouwinld; all that was wml<'n being but aj r"putltion of AUUf"Y and his followers. Al way I be supposed, th &hicktr\-jJ writer was u"onpt i the correspondents, and he called Professor Evans's attention to the fact that at the Ludlow meeting "r the Cambrian Arclueclogical Society, in 18Sl'¡ Mr. Moggridge cited a cast'of tJli superstition as having occurred within five years at or nearLlan- dehi, in th lull country of Carmarthenshire,' and r(?ft?rred him 10 the J(,u?al of the h?,?etv for t report. In tho me8nwhil" Mr. Kvans spared no pain to collect evidence,and took up'authorities/ and gave the re.ult of his inquiries in the Academy of January 29. 1876. Fir?t of all he quotes a pii-I tion of %Mr. Ni,)ggriJge w? reportt?i to liavI- ui,l ;i,-h wa. Ihi.: In Carmarthenshire, not far from Lla^debie, "as a mountain valley, where, up to the commencement or the prent century, the "'l'lu wer" of a very lawless character. There tho above :¡t'tjI\IlI8g.: I to ,:itvt) pr to a recent per i od, and going thcnce t" tho"" parts of the -.ntry where from the establishment of work., and from other c"u. Ihu people had tno:e early become en- lightened, he found the more absurd portions of the custom had been iLwndond, while 8Ome still rm"ined, Thus near Llanon, within twenty years, tho plate, sIll, and br?d were relained; near Swansea (and, indeed, very generally) only the plate "nd it.' It will be '0"n from 11;?, fnfe- going that no mention is made of within five years;' and on tloi6 fct Mr. Evans comments, but tho matter ?z. afterwards explained by the Hfttck- ,voud writer in a further quotation from Mr. Moegridg»>, which, however, h and Mr. Evans read, differently. M In passing it will 1)(1 interesting to note how old cutHllla and legends get mixed up by modern historians. Not a word is said by Aubrey about salt; although the uso of salt, in some form or 01 Itcr, III funerals has not been disputed. Hut to return to Professor Evans's reply. In a private letter he receiv\ d from Mr, Moggridge, (hat ¡¡HI!I. J1Hn told him tliat he dill 'not remember anything that give* a date,' addingthat 'tlu only written account' of thè in Eater, f",1111 personal know- 1odI}, i that of Aubrey, "do G<>nti1i*me." And A?,1,?y did .I profess to speak from personal knowledge, 1r. Evans justly considered tho mat ter II. doubtful nil over. Llandebie itself W'\II ii,) tunrcipresi-nted in the discussion. lkt r. John Rowlands, tlie schoolmaster there, wrote to the following effect in tho 11"t".# Mm):— I I opened the Llandetwo School in the>ear 1850, and I lived there for many years. I knew all the parishioners, an,) the history of the parih-its legem! cu mis, al1,1 tradition*. And during the time I Wb th»r > ) attended many funerals, but never heard of a Sin Eiter; in tact people there never gave cakes at fuuerals. I knew almost every parish in South Wales. I collected all the legends, and made notes of tiie old customs for the late Sir Thomas Philipps, If such a custom had prevailed, I should havo heard of it. I have no hesita- tion in writing that it is a glaring untruth.' The Hev. Roes Evans, vicar of tho parish, also wrote at some length, in reply to a letter from Mr. Silvan Evans. III the conrse of hi. communica- tion ho say;i Onu intelligent old tnlLu, all .to. penariau, whoso ancestors had lived from time immemorial in this parish, told 100 that such a custom, in his opinion, could not have appeared here at least for the last two hundred years, or he would have heard of it from his father or hi. grandfather, who lived to it ?i-elit age.' The c.?.- elusion the clergyman coines l-o aftur the inquiries j he makes amongst his parishioners, is that 4 the statements which wr made by Mr. Moggridge c innot be substantiated by any reliable authority, or proved by anycrediblo 41 Mr. Evans's lengthy communication drew forth from the writer in />«<■&wwi equally lengthy lily in tho courAe ot which he re e,'red to him, self as, • by parentage, ancestry, property, and in- terests, connected with tWI) couuties of llth Anel he Sp,1 ks of hi. frequent travels over the whole of the Principality so he felt com- petent to offei an opinion, although he had failed to tho 1'lnl{lJll¡¡" Hefore this letter ap- peared Ilmd joined in the discussion, and hinted that the author or the paper on the 4 Legends IIn,1 Folk-lore of \11108' was a resident of the Here- fordshire border; and I now have no hesitation in saying that it WII. the lato Preliendary Davics, of Moor Court, Kington, whose recentdeath all who are interested in Welsh literature and arclnoology have to mourn. His reply to Mr. Evans appeared on February 8, an d ho quotes Marra y 's H an d r;o:l'if:;I' \(e'à\t<7\h,; I medical man of i,n?, I (as he believes), for the fact U",t 'Ihe supurstition of Ih" Sin Eater is sa'd to have lingered until very recently in the secluded valley of Cwm.An¡m\nt in Caerm irtlieu- Alror which he goes On to say :—' I refer to the Ordnance Maps, and find Cwm-Amman to lin not far distant from Llandobie, on the Garnant branch of the Swansea Valley Railway.' Lady Ve"ny, in the current number of the Contemporary, refers to the same .ulwr $Iition, and, if tho w hole .to, y does really trace back to Aubrey, it is at IMst -i.gul.?- Ulat there should lie in w,,it f,, rinq.ir.? as that pli?amnt antiquary, and his later fellow craftsman, Mr, M?,ggridge, dliben1te fiction-mongers, to prac- tice on their credulity, and to spread abroad a lie which Welshmen feel it P of national honour to repudiate. I scruple to take up your space, 01' I II1Iht show that such II superstition is not eJisily r8rnovr-d from ol Iters which, in many nations, have simulated the vicarious sin-bearing of tho Leviti- cat MCape-gont. Groth" on I, Cor. iv., 13, traces one such in Cesar's account, of the Gauls (II, ix., 6). That is coming near to the Welsh, though doubtless it would be I f(,n to say that they are either igncrant or superstitious. "In "U this the Jilaclettood writoro further4 authority '—for the editor of the Hand- hook could scarcely ho accounted one--lIn,1 Mr. Evans, in reply, OIJl!rvIl8 that Mr. Moggridge, and apparently the writer of the article, assume all along that the plata and salt are necossary remnants of the alleged Sin Eating practice and, finding the. articles employed III certnln cases,they take it for granted that oj the more odious part of the custom has been rqiiioved," Aliicli amount* to begging the whole question.' Ho considers 'it is very kind, but slightly superfluous, on the part of Urn wrilor to rtdteaU au. uivmury tu. vicarious sin-I_ring of the Levitical scape-goat; and eondudC8 by refusing to give credit to any t-W,.?.t on the authority of 1? credulous a Peri?on m Aubrey in any case In which su p ersti- f¡Jr;opas ul., ite the d¡U ::el: as far as the principals were concerned. Another dis- cU8sion Wl\ Airri.d on in the 4 Si?rd. and Patches' column of tlie tShretnuhury Journal a year or two later and on more than one occasion the supersti- tion has been refened to in column of the (Jawztry Advertiser. Mr. Wirt Sykes #,°('8 very fully jut/) tlie question in hill '1lr¡ti8h and comes to tho conclusion that. DU other writer o)AubrMy'a time, either English or Welsh, appears to h*v« made any reference to the Sin Eater in Wales; a,?d equit sil?n,e throughout the witig" of previous centUl'¡"s" And as to later 'authorities/ Mr. Sykes failed to discover one who wi?t? in the Welsh I^nguage,' a -¡ugular oll?iui.. if there ever was such a cWilom, ev@ry ritli@r superstitious "I, :I ,r{:2 ;:)UI. aJ>eItiJs{:ra;; written freely/ | And now, when wo might reasonably have ex- pected that the Sin Eater had been laid for ever, appears the Rev. Paxton Hood'sbook—referred to in i h" March number d tile lId Jh-ayjR. Mr. Hood is a very pleasant writer, but he is too impulsive for an antiquary. It was only in 1876 that he gave a glowing picture of Llanidloes, 'tlie home of the really great pod., John Dyer/ and told us ur 'Grongar Hill, a delicious spot in that Now JII sets up fil1 imaginary being in the district of Cwm»Amman; and only varies the words of Mr. Murray's editor by remarking that the superstition 'is said to linger even now/ instead of fas Murray ha. ÍI., 4 is sitid to have lingered until very recently/ in that happy valley! Air. Hood's assertion was copied into Xutfi aud Queries in January last, and will, doubtless, be accepted as gospel by a goodly nuiiibor but, unfortunately for him, his book on Christmas Evans attracted the attention of a brother minister in the same Cwm-Amman Vale, who promptly wrote to the Christian H'o*!d\A> repudiate toe whole story.

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