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BETHESDA. I
BETHESDA. IMPORTANT MASS-MF.FTING OF PENRHYK QUARRY EMPLOYEES. On Tuesday last a large and representative meeting of qoarrymen was held at the carnage sheds on the works. The toevi M"t to couftifler an alleged breach of contract by the working-manager. MT D. Pritchard. y ROBERT DAVIES, Sling, said that it was of the greatest importance to them as quarrymen that this case should be thoroughly sifted, aud that it was to the interest of all that the question of con- tracts (hould be settled definitely once for afl. He therefore suggested that the meeting should calmly consider the queitiou and seek to come to agree- ment as to the best course to pursne,iu order to come to a defiuita understanding on the point. He had pleasure in proposing that Mr John Owen Williams be asked to preside over the meeting. This, on being secoudtd, was carried unani- ,monsl v. The CHAIRMAN next explained to the meeting the nature "r the case in question. He said that the crew in whose case an alleged breaoh of contract had occurred worked in 1, Agor Boni;" and in the setting district" of Mr David Pritchard. On Thursday last the barg iin was set to the orew by Mr Pritchard, st Is Id pC" ton—a reduction of twopence on previous month. When setting the bargain it was explained to Mr Pritchard that the rook was partlv loosened, or in quarry parll\noe-y I'e yn r/v>ldi. After (he contract was set, fti)d taken by the men, they proceeded to work on the bargain and as the effect of a blasriiig-ihe hole beim: bored under the incumbent mafs—A luge quantity of rock was brought dowp. Immediately after this the manager appeared on the soene, and intimated to the men that he would insist on having the bargain (or contract) reset to them, in consequence of the way he blast had worked. To this the men had replied that they bad already taken the bar- gain, i.e., that the contract had been set. and they had taken it. Subsequently Mr Pritchard went to the weighing machine in the gallery in question and instructed the man in cliare not to weigh or oredit the said men with any material (rubbish) they might bring through. No information as to this command was vouchsafed to the men, who consequently were ignoraut of the injULICtiOD nor did they know that anything further than what had been said to them by the manager had transpire 1 or was likely to take place. However, they got to know of the command given, aud they 011 their part begged the weigher to take account (separate) of all they passed through the machine. The following Monday Mr Pritchard came up and commanded the men to cease work, and asked them for their relson for proceeding with the contract without having had the bargain reset to them. To this the men replied that neither lie nor anyone else had told them tUey wi-re not to work. It should be understood that the mauager in his previous con- versation with the mtu spoke only of the necessity, from his point of view, of re-setting, but never mentioned that thev were to consider the contract at an end, which fact alone would have justified the men in ceasing work. This the CHAIRMAN was a plain and I unvarnished stutemeut of the men's case and it would only be a waste of time for him to dwell farther or enlarge upon what was so plain and straightforward a case. He had great pleasure in calling those present to como forward and speak their mind on this, to them, vital question. In answer to repeated calls, TnnMAs PARRY, 'Ochre, came forward to say a few words, and explained that he felt very reluctaut to say any- thing, as he would have been more pleased had others of his fellow-workmen expressed their views on the matter, lie thought he could not do better than direct the attention of the meeting to wbitthe Right Hon. Lord Peurhyn, their rioble ertililoyer, had writteu with regard to the question of contracts. They as employes at the Penrhyn Quarry, could not do better on this or any other occasion than consider such matters from the standpoint of the explicit explanation given them by his lordship of what the law of contracts was to be at the works. They all were aware that their employer had distinctly stated that contracts were to he taken at the risk of those who took them. "If they made con- siderable profit from a contract set them he would not expect them to return any of it it was so ninch the better for them. on the other hand, it wttti unreasonable that any 10,s that might occur to the men shorld be shifted on to the shoulders of their employer," Such was his lordship's declaratiou on the point in question, and a better decision on the point they could never get. He (the speaker) wished to refer to one important point that had come to his hearing, viz., that it was rumoured in the, works that it was the inten- tion of certain people to bring in a bond which they wished the quarrvmen to sign. This he con- sidered a wild and impracticable, without saying a mischeivou8.idea, especially when they considered that their employer had distinctly informed them that it was open to them at all times to petition him, and to lay before him, or the manager, any just cause of grievance." This being so, why, then, resort to any bond or any such like questionable plans, which not only reflected discredit on their employer, and a lack of faith in the justice of the cause they were pleading, but was also derogatory to tbem as honest and straightforward men. The best boud the men could ever have was the justice of their cause, and faith in their employer. These two in conjunction would sarmouut all difficulties better than any bond ever drawn oat; and he was certain that should anyone attempt to punish them for acting according to the instructions given them by their noble employer, that person would do so at his peril. The CHAIRMAN, having briefly summed up the different points referred to in Thomas Parry's speech, explained tothe meeting that as the dinner hour was nearly over and they would have to go to their work, it would be advisable to come to some distinct understanding in the matter, and with their consent he would put it to the meeting whether they d with the suggestions made by the last speaker. From the show of hands it was evident that there was but one opinion amongst th» men, viz., that they could not do hetter than rdy entirely ou his lordship and the head manager of the works to see them righted in the matter. It was subsequently proposed, and carried unani- mously, that each gallery should elect representa- tives to f,)rm a ,:eputation to submit the CIIS" in question to the consideration of ths head manager, and, further, that it should !>« distinctly understood that the mp8 elected as a deputation should fully and equitably represent both parties in t kt. wor ks." according to the instruction given (in case of delegates being chosen) by th" employer.
DENBIGH.I
DENBIGH. V HE OF CLWYD PLOCOHINO SDCIRTY. The p)onEhin"mttch in connection with this society, which was to have taken place at Denbigh yesterday (Fridav) has been postponed owit)?! to ibe I; r until Friday, the 24th inst. No alterations have been made in the arrangements. THE GEOLOGICAL LIICTUREs.-On Fridav night the popular lecture delivered by Mr Al!red W. Lucas, of Ch»ster, at the Assembly room, received a popular attendance, and the subject being Vol- canoes," it was listened to with rapt attention. The next lectnre will take place on Friday, in the same ball. Tickets for the eight lectnres mR be tbttined from Mr Colby, the hon. secretary. A SERiza OF ACCIDKNTS. On Saturday an elderly man named Jo-eph Jones was conveyed to the Infirmary, where he was promptly attended to by Dr A. E. Tumour and Dr. Davies, the house surgeon, having met with a serious accident under theso cirenmsttneea. He was engaged at work at Segrwyd and had occasion to ascend a ladder, and whilst doing so one of the rings of the ladder broke, and the poor fellow fell to tht. ground. a distauce of eight feet going right under a horse which stood at the foot of the ladder. The cr«atnre never attempted to move, or the result might have been more ReTinn. When raised from the ground, it was found tha> the man had snstaine) a fractured thigh.—On Monday, as Mr John Kirowles, draper, Vale-street, was entering his honse, be slipped in the dark, and sustained a oompound fracture of an ankle He was assisted to the bouse, and was attended hv Dr. Hughes, and is progressing towards convalescence. -At the Abergele oonrsing match held lust week Mr John Jones, of the Maro Inn. fell in the tield and broke his left arm. MILITARY BAI,L.On Eriday night the 14th in connection with the non-commie* eioned oiffcers and members of 1 1>" Troop Den- bighshire Mnssar^and "IV Company l-UV.BR.W. was held in the Town Hall, which ii»d beer! decor- ated with much skill for the occasion. The ball was nniler the patronage of Col. Mesham and Mrs Lloyd-Williams, who opened the bill t4 the »trnins ef Mr Hasolderi'" Band. Rhyl. There were preffnt: Major Llovd Williams, Pro. R. V. Llovd-WilHaire, Captain and Mrs Wynne Edwards, Captain Howard Lieut. O. J. Williams, Ment. C i* Messis J P Lewis J. Davies (solicitor) .Tame* (N ? Ti ink), Charles Cottom. R. G. Davies Craft, Bel- larny (Mold) Mr and Mrs A. P. R0bert,. M.8 W. Hill and C. Davies (I,t. As-ph), Harris (Wigfatr). Lally (Cefn), D. Davies, St. Asaph rarty, the Misses Witts. Misses Porter. F. Jones, Mrs Hughes, Misses Forrecter (Fachwen), Wil. liams (Gaideu Villas) Palmer (2), Ellis, Lloycl (Crown-square), Baynton (2), Edwards (Love- lane), Roberts (Middle-lane), Masters (2) Mr Salisbury, Miss S. B. Williams, Mr* Lloyd, Misses Hardy and Phillips (Rhyl), Mrs Parry (Farmers' Inn), Misses II ill, Thomas (St. Asaph), Sergt.- Major and Mrs Purcell (Rutbin), Quarter-Master Pergeant and Mrs Hughes, Sergeant and Mra Vf. Joiu:g. Sergeant Heleby, Sergeant Joyce, Sergeant R. D. Roberts (Rhyl), Corporal Bowdage, Corporal R. Jones, Lanoe-corporal E. Williams, Trooper Parry, Privates Fox, R. T. Kelly, J. Palmer, H. Holgate (Holywell), F. Newsome (2nd Battalion Warwick Volunteers), W. W Griffith, A. F, Jones, Evans (Rossall School), and Arthur Hughes. The refreshments, which were very choice, were pro- vided bv Mrs Fox, Town's-end, and were arranged in the Council Chamber. The cloak rooms were superintended by Mr and Mrs Dew. Sergt.-Major Edwards acted as M.C., and the ball was a most enjoyable one.
RUTHIN. I
RUTHIN. I Tilic UNIONIST DANL;E.-On Tuesday night the Town Ilall wore an inusial brilliait %spect on the c:ioa the first nf¿n:llcsp;: held in the splendidly decorated hall. The ball was opened by the Hon. G. T. Kenyon, M.P., and Mrs W. D. Jones, Captain Gregson Ellis and MrB Kenyon at nine o'clock, and it was kept up with great enthusiasm until three o'clock to the excellent music rendered by Mr Haselden's Band, Rhyl. The platform which the band occupied is well deserving of mention, it being made lovely by the beautiful display of flowers it bore, which were tastefully arranged and afforded much pleasure to the sight. The refreshments, which were of a choice and refined quality, were provided by Mrs Green, of the Castle Hotel, and gave every satis- faction to the large number of poople present, numbering about 140. The arrangements were carried out by Vlr Theodore Rouw, and, as usual with what he undertakes, was a great success, po much '0 that it is proposed to establish the dance as an annual event. BOARD OF GUARDIANS. -MONPAY. Present: The Rev. the Warden of Ruthin (chairman), Colonel P. S. Humberston, Dr. J. R. Jenkins, Rev. J. F. Reece, Messrs G. F. Byford, W. Lloyd, Thomas Jones (Rhydycilgwyn), T. P. Roberts, J. Jenkins, E. White, Eyton Lloyd, Thomas Jones (Llanelidan), J. Roberts, Thomas Jones (Plas Cooh), Edward Jones (Penvgraig), Thomas Jones (Brynbowlis), C. G. Jones, Levi Roberts, A. Francis, II. Williams (Derwea), and the clerk (Mr R. H. Roberts). THE MASTER STAMPS HIS FEET AND FRIGHTENS THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINER. Tho CHAIRMAN said as he was entering the Board-room the clerk informed him that Miss Jones had complained to him of the treatment she had received from the master. The Chairman thought it best that the case should be brought before the Board. The Master, and Miss Jones. industrial trainer, were called into the room; and, before the master, Miss JONES stated her case, saying that on Satur- day she wont to the master in the kitelien to ask him to exchange a pair of boots for a child in her charge, who needed a larger pair. The master refused to do BO, saying" Do you want to make the child more of a oripple than it is?" and he began to cheek her moat dreadfully, and tried to turn hr out of the kitchen. Failing to do so, i he ordered her out, and when she was about to leave he shut the door and stood with his back against it, saying he would report it to the guardians. She had not yet had the boots exchanged. The MASTER said be was sorry Miss Jones had not told the truth, and he had witnesses to prove it. He refused to give her boots because the child had only three or four weeks ago had a new pair, and she told her to wear a pair of slippers. He made no attempt to turn Miss Jones out of the kitchen. Miss JONES When I ask either of them for cotton to mend the children's things, they always answer, "We will attend to it." She waited as a rule three or four days, and when she reminded the master that the things bad not been supplied, he stamps his feet and acts in a manner enough to frighten anyone." What am I to do? Miss Jones inquired. She could not go on with her work, and the children could not go to school. The MASTER said she was not telling the truth, but that no had nothing else to say except that the mtter should he investigated. The CHAIRMAN (to Miss Jones): Do you wish to say anything more ? Mis! JOSEs: No, only that I wish to be proteoted from that man's insolence. What I said was true. I have only the same witnesses as the servant, and she, of course, will not go against the master and mistress and the other women who saw the affair are idiots. After the master and Miss Jones had left tbe room, the Chairman said the statements were contradictory, and he thought it would be better to have the persons in who saw the affair. The Rev. J. F. REECE thoaght the matter Bhould be enquired into. The general servant and the little girl for whom the boots were intended were brought into the boardroom, and the little girl said she could not wear the boots beoause they were too small for her. The SERVANT, in answer to questions, said On Saturday last she saw Miss Jones come to the kitchen and demand a pair of boots in exchange for those she had in her hands. She would not give the boots to the master. Did yon see anything else ? She saw her very sharp and nasty towards the mast?r. wh did lot try to tnrn her ont. He asked her (Miss Jones) to go, but she would not. Witness saw other quarrels, and had heard Miss Jones complain to the master about his not getting cotton for her. You say Miss Jones is very nasty can you agree with her? WITNESS: I could agree with everybody before 1 came here (laughter). Mis& Jones would not take her food with the master and matron. Witness got on very well with the master. Miss Jones brought in some of the children's frocks (which were very ragged), and had been in wear four years. She could not obtain cotton to mend the things. She could no, obtain a civil ••er from the master. When she asked leave to ¡.;u o.it from him he always said Yes, you can go and go to the d- for what I care." In answer to Dr. Jenkins, Miss JONES said the master often used such language. He and the matron were often not on duty, and stayed out. They had both been out together. Tbe MASTER It is not true, sir. I have not been. The Rev. J. F. REECE Don't say that I have Been you and your wife out together. The MASTER I would like Miss Jones to state the time when we were out. Miss JONES: When the Agricultural Show was at Rathiu, and when the children had their treat. When the Master and Mrs Jones again left the room, the CHAIRMAN asked wnat they were to do. Mr JONES (Plas Cooh) said the master was perfectly untrustworthy. Mr LEVI ROBERTS thought the master tried TO make everybody liars. Mr BUOIID thought the master should be admonished for his conduct towards Miss Jones, and his opiuion was that the master was to blame. He was supposed to set an example, but he would not do so by using blaBphemous names (hear, hear). Mr IEDwARn JONKS Penygraig), seconded Mr Bvford's motion that the master should be admonished, and it was carried. The Master was called in, and the CHAIRMAN, addressing him, aid: Mr Roberts, we have given this matter a very intent consideration, and we think yon are to blame. Although we think there was temper on both sides shown. The MASTER snid he wished to appeal against Buch Ii decision, for an injustice had been done him. The Chairman aud Mr Byford recommended him to allow the matter to drop. THE POLICE EXPBNSK8 AT THB TITRE ENQUIRY. The CLEHK read the following letter&om Colonel West, M.P. Ruthin Castle, February 7th, 1888. Dear Sir,-I shall be glad to commnnicate with the Home S?oretarv on the subject of the expenses charged to the oounty for the polioe at Conway, &0., in connection with the enquiry held by Mr Bridge, and I do not despair of getting the Treasury to refund the money. The Court of Quarter Sessions had no option in the matter, as the amounts paid were lor the actual board and lodgings of the police officers, and it would have been very unfair folhave kept them without the cash they paid out of pocket. I believe I am right in saying that the est of defending the police against the charges mude in regard to their oonduct was sanctioned by the Police Committee.—I am, sir. yoorB truly, W. CoHNWAi.i.is WEST. No observations were made except that the thanks of the Boaró should go to Colonel West for the readv manner in whioh he took up the subject. The MiMtreli and the Ouirdiant — Permission was given to the master to take the children to an eutertaiumeut given in the Assembly Rooms by the minstrels, some geutleman having s8id be wonia treat them. THE COUNTY EXPENDITURE. The CLltDK informed the Board that Mr Parry. Llanarmon, who presented the report re this sub. ject, had met with & eevere accident, and was I uoable to attend the Board. In his absence the | following letter was read from the county surtejor, Major Lloyd Williams:- County Surveyor's Office, Denbigh. To 0 Chairman of the Ruthin Board of Guard; ns, February 11th, 1888. Dear .ir,-I be to acknowledge the receipt of the printed report by the committee of your Board on the expenses of the county and as the Board directed thie report to bo forwarded to the county officers, I presume that the object is to obtain an explanation from them. Though I consider that I am only aocountable to tbe justices of tho peace for anything I may do in connection with my duties as county surveyor, I am unwilling by my silence that it should be supposed that 1 am not dealing courteously by the Board. It would, per- haps, have been as well if the committee had asked me for an explanation before they made their report, or at all events that this course should have been adopted before the report was published. The complaint appears to be that the county surveyor's work is not let by publio tender; that he generally employs the same person, and the committee urge that the accounts should set forth how much of the several earns paid him for contract work is commission to the county surveyor. I will deal with the last suggestion first. It is a serious charge to bring against a public official, and it might have been expected that the committee would bave fortified this with some enquiry before they made it. If they had done th4B they would have discovered that the fact is that during my servitude of above twenty-five years I have never received one shilling of commission on any county work. With regard to the setting of the works by tender, it is my invariable rule- excepting where the matter is of small amourot- to advertise, and the least tender is nearly always accepted. The complaint, that I nearly always employ the same man is answered by the fact that his tender is the lowest, and I can adduce the following ifgures :—One instance last year his tender was £145 below the next lowest tender, and in another it was JE91 17s 8d. I do not think I ought to be called upon to discuss the question of my remuneration with your Board, but I may be permitted to remind the committee that my duties take in the whole county, which extends from Conway River to Llanrhaiadr-yn-mochnant (14 miles beyond Oswestry), and that out of the sums set forth in the public account I hare to pay all travelling expeupes and my office staff.—I have the hOUJur to be, my desr sir, yonr obedient servant, B. IJLOYD WILLIAMS. Mr T P. RODERTS, in the courel' of along speech, compared the mode of advertising for tenders for county work with the u^ual modes. He and Mr Parry. Llanarmon. had not seen tin advertisement, and unless the advertising was done publicly and openly, it was not a right way of doing it for public work. He was sorry Major Lloyd Williams bad taken such a view of the matter. They did not insinuate anything against him, but simply to ask questions and toprotest against his salary,which the committee was going to ask the Quarter Sessions to rednoe by 30 per cent. He would like to how what work he had to do for €250, and in addition to that amount he received £ 80 "as remunera- tions." For what ? Was it because he could walk fast, rnn quick, or jump high ? (loud laughter). What had he done for it? There was a further amount of six guineas incurred in "connection with the Colwyn Bay." What extra work was that besides what was the work of the surveyor ? Why should be charge the county nearly F,100 as a re- muneration ? Was he the judlo.e of the value of the work done? Who allowed him this money? He believed that the Board would take the matter up. The CHAIRMAN said he did not think there was the slightest prospect of the Quarter Sessions con- sidering the matter, seeing that they were an ex- piring authority. It would be a question for the Connty Government Board, whenever that came. Mr ROBERTS referred to the salaries of the Clerk of the Peace and the Chief-oonstahle,both of which had been reported before.
ST. ASAPH. 1
ST. ASAPH. THE RABBIT COURSING MATCH. On Monday a large nnmber of spectators assembled in Elwy Grove Park to witness the first annual coursing match held in the exceptionally con- venient park. The weather and the excellent arrangements made the sport a thorough snocess. Mr J. Brett's judging of thq coursing was accepted unchallenged during the whole of the lengthy proceedings, and his decisions were characterised by fairness and promptitude. The arrange mente wereconcluctedwithout a flaw and with dispatch by the pec., Mr C. Tomkinson, assisted by an able committee, of which Colonel F. Standish Hore was tbe chairman, consisting of the following contlerlien: Messrs Jos. Lloyd, J. Alston, W. Jones, D Jones (Denbigh), J. Jones, R. H. Hughes (North and South Wales Bank), T. F. Roberts, S. Powell, C. W. Bell (solicitor), J. Webster, and C. Chapman. Mr Alfred Eastwood acted as slipper, and carried out the difficult duty to the satisfaction of all, in- cluding the competitors for the stakes, of whom the following list are the winners:— IN THE FIRST COURSE. — NO. 1, WINNER; NO. L08T, THE ST. ASAPE STAKES.—For 13 wire or smooth- haired fox terriers (open). 14 in. and under. Win. i ner, iP2; runner-op, 159.-1 J G Humphreys' b Patch; 2 R B Turner's b Chesterton Choice; 1 j W C Bell's n s b Vic; 2 E .Jones' n s b Wild Mint; 1 W A Homan's b Lady; 2 Hurlbutt's b Judy 1 R B Turner's d Jack; 2 Lawless' d Spot; 1 Fuller's b Danger; 2 Wescott's d Spark; W G Jones' b Gin and Bellus a bye. THE ELWY GROVE STAKEI.-For 10 wire or Bmooth- baired iox or Welsh terriers (open). 15 in. and under. Winner jEl 10s; runner-np, 15s.—1 E Jones' n s d Duke; 2 Lovatt's b Fly 1 T Lunt's n « d Skeddadle; 2 P Evans' d Spot; 1. Bowling's d Spot; 2 J Edgar's d Spot.; 1 R B Turner's d Sting; 2 Lovatt's d Sambo; 1 E Jones n s d Nettle 2 R B Turner's d Jack. THE CITY STAKES.—For 10 wire or smooth-haired fox terriers, puppies (open). Under 11 months. Winner, £ 1 10s runner-up, 15s. —1 H Braham's n a d Monarch 2 R S Williams' d Crib 1 Anscow's b There-she-goes; 2 J TafTe's d Jubilee; 1 W Homan's d General; 2 H Williams' d Toby; 1J VV Hnghea' h Fancy; 2 W C Bell's b Sting; 1 H Jones' a Busy 2 R Vaughan's d Skinner. THE PLoroH OPEN STAKEi,For 24 terriers of any class (open). 16 in. and under. Winner, JE2 10s and £2 added runner-up, £ 1 10s; 3rd and 4th. 59 each.—1 R H Hughes' d Peddy 2 Lawless* d Charlie; 1 E Jones' n 8 b Nettle; 2 Lovatt's d Tory; 1 P Evans' d Spot; 2 J P Jones' d Punch 1 Lewis' d Chappie 2 H Hughes'b Fly 1 D Jones' n s d Gip: 2 J Davies' it Charles 1 E Jones' n s d Dnke; 2 C W Bell's d My Client; 1 T Lunt's n s d Skeddadle; 2 J Chapman's d Jnmbo 1 H Williams' d Moss; 2 D Jones' d Try again 1 W Jones' n s d Crack 2 C W. Bell's b Gyp* 1 Morrieson's d Joe; 2 W G Williams' d Gelert; 1 H Hulme's d Snap; 2 R B Turner's d Sting; 1 R B Turner's b Chesterton Choice; 2 Mrs Hadley Davis'd Colonel. IS THE SECOND COURSE. THE ST. ASAPH STAKES.—J G Humphreys' Patch beat W C Bells' Vio; W A Homan's Lady beat R B Turner's Jack Mr Tullers' Danger beat W G Jonea' Gin and Bellas, and had a bve. THE ELWY GKDVE STAKES. P Evans* Spot beat E JoneB* Duke; Mr Bowling's Spot beat R B Turner's Sting; E Jones' Nettie a bye. THE CITY STAKE".—H Braham'e Monarch beat Mr Anscow's There she-goes; W Homau'e General beat J W Hughes' Fancy; H Jones' Busy a hve. THE Proron OPEN STAKES.—E Jones' Nettle beat R H Hughes' Paddv; Mr Lewis' Chappie heat P Evan., Spot; E Jones' Duke beat D ,Jones' Gip H Williams' Moss beat T Lnnt's Skeddadle; Mr MorriBSon's Joe beat W Jones' Crack; H Hulme's Snap beat R B Turner's Chesterton Choice. IN THE THIRD COURSE. ST. ASAPH STAKES.-J G Htimphreys' Patch beat W A Roman's Lady; Tifr Tuiler's Danger a bye. THF. ELWY GROVE STAYERS.- E Jones' Net tie beat. P Evans' Spot; Mr Bowling's Spot a bye. THE CITY STAKES.—H Braham's Monarch beat H Jones' Busy; Mr Homan's General a bye. THE PLOUGH OPB* STAKES.—E Jones' Nettle beat Mr Lewis' Chappie E Jones' Dnke beat Id Williams' Moss H Hulme's Snap beat Mr Morris. son's Joe. IN THE FINALS THE WINNERS WERE THE ST. ASAPH PTARRO.-J G Humphreys' Patch beat Mr Fuller's Danger and won. THE ELWY GROVE STAKES.—Mr Bowling's Spot beat E Jones' Nettle and won. THE alTY STAKES.—Mr Braham's Monarch beat Mr Homan's General and won. THE PLOUGH STAKES.—Mr E Jones' nuke beat Mr H Hulme's Snap and WOft. Mr E. Jones' Nettle third. At the termination of the day's sport, the committee, including the indge of the conrsing and the slipper, and the representative of the North Walet ChrmieJe. were invited by Mrs Hadley I Davis, the hostess, to partake of dinner at tbe Plough H.tel. Mr JOB. Llovl, in tbe absence f Colonel Hore, tk J i;nb:na:{ menu of several courses was partaken of, and all thoroughly enjoyed themselves.
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[ LETTERS FROM ANGLESEY.
[ LETTERS FROM ANGLESEY. I III. THE a EN ED US TEACHING, I SHYLOCK,—" When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep, This Jaceh from our holyAbraham was ANTONIO.—" Mark yon this Bassanio The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose." So cau the Genedl. As regard its English and its Welsh publications, the Welsh National News- paper Company is a very Janue. To the one through its English paper it presents itself as au exclusively polilical periodical, disclaiming for itself, deprecating in others Scriptural illustrations. To the other through the Genedl matters, l.owever trumpery, must needs be bolstered up with sacred citings, as though the Word Divine were but a textbook of quotations. It appears now to be taking upon itself new duties, but in passing it may be noted how very erratic its Church movements are, taking two sides of a triangle, so to apeak, by going from Llanddyfnan through Pentraetli to Llanfairmathafarneithaf, and in its course ignoring the twojCburches of Pentraeth and Lianbedrgoch. Again, in Llanbabo Church inspection, the dissertation is not upon the sermon preached, nor upon the clergyman and congregation present, but upon the tithe agitation in the parish at large. Another symptom of languishing zeal is its diverging into a tirade against the S.P.C.K., as contrasted with the British and Foreign Bible Society. It warns its readers not to be misled by the misrepresentation that the (a) former is the parent society,or(J)that Church doctrines published are Bible Truth. Now, as to these societies' forma- ation, the S.P.C.K was founded in 1698, the British and Foreign not till 1802. As to the latter's com- ponent elements, before me lies the report for 1886, and of the vice-presidents for the 40 years preced- ing, amongst a total of 87 are to be found 37 bishops, not to mention deans and other dignitaries, as well as laymen such as Lord Harrowby, a majority in all of 30. Again(b)as tothe dootrines contained intheS.P.C.K. publications. The Genedl lays special stress on the lavishing essays ou Baptismal Regeneration. Aden- ediqaeth. yiz y Bedtidd is the ecclesiastical red rag it flaunts before our Nonconformist John Bulls and (r) it appeals to Nonconformist ministeis no longer to parody the parson with the superstitious title reterend, but to content themselves with being masters of their congregations. As to (b) baptismal regeneration, let 118 betake our- selves to the Nonconformist brief." What says the Hyfforddwr of Mr Charles, Bala, on the snbject Ch&pter xiii., 228 What is the spiritnal grace in baptism ? A death nnto sin, and a new birth unto righteousness." 231:" Why are infants baptised ? (1) Because God is as willing to save them as others who are of age. (2) They were in the early Church under every dispensation. (3) They are subjects fit and proper for grace "—recipients, therefore, through these means of grace. Again, take tbe Cyffes Ffydd, The Confession of Faith," xxxvii., Gospel ordinances God through ordinances gives grace, nourishment, and increase to the graos received throngh- numeiy, the Sacra- ments, Baptism, and the Lord's Supper." xxxviii.: "Baptism ie an institution of Christ's appointment I as king in His Church. b to be administered only by ministers of His own appointment and of His sending. It signifieth a death unto sin, and a new life unto riyhteousness. This sacrament is not esuentially necessary to salvation it is, neverthe- less, sinful to wilfully neglect it, inasmuch as thereby we are disobedient to Christ's express command." Nor does our Church declare more than that they are generally necessary to salvation. No wonder the studious Methodist farmer who lent me these books should have complaimed: We have not now these doctrines preached nnto ns." So (e) as tothe reverend." The title is applied to the awful office rather than to the minister in whom it is personified. These sacred mysteries, we —along with the originators of the" Cyfles Ffydd "-believe, ought" to be administered solely by ministers of His appointment, of His send- ing. (" Y mae bed: dd yn ordinhad i gael ei gwein- yddu gan weiuidogion o'i osodiad a'i anfoniad ef yn nnig,") All that Hooker (Ecclesiastical Polity,Book v., c. 62) amongst our earlier writers would claim is that He hath committed the ministry of baptism to special men for order's sake in His Churoh, not that their authority might give beiug or add force "to the sacrament." Amongst our later writers, the Bishop of Durham exprsssly disavows the function of offering sacrifice and thereby making atonement" implied in the (in part, at least) heathen metaphor of Supreme Pontiff. Yet, while Hooker admits the validity of lay baptism-of baptism even by women-yet he adds that they that take to themselves this external ministry and are not thereto called as was Aaron, do but themselves by such usurpation incur the just blame of (iiiobeelieitce to God's law." In like manner Bishop Lightfoot: It is moreover indispensable that he should be called by God, for no man taketh this honour to himself." No wonder that Mr Charles, of Bala, should have objected to lay ministrations, or to the parody of episcopal setting apart. Thus speaks the preface to his "Geiriadur:" When a number of preachers, elders, ajid other members, expressed a wish that some of the preaohers who had not received episcopal orders should be set apart to administer the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper. at first neither the object in view nor the efforts made to achieve it were pleasing to the mind of Mr Charles. For several years he continued to oppose it." Of the Wesleyans, John Wesley's intention* are but too well-known, and yet what a hubbub was raised when the late Bishop of Lincoln tried to carry out the founder's wishes with respect to one of his ministers. Of the "downward grade" ten- dency of the Baptist and Independent, denomina- tions, Mr Spurgeon's fracas affords ample warn- ing. The" reverend," therefore, is no token of priestly supremacy-the roit implies to fear-for the Nearer to ptand in solemn awe to keep unstained, nn. tainted, so far as in man lies, the purest treasure mortal times afford—spotless reputation." Now, do the ffimisterial board know of the I" skeleton" in the Nonconformist 11 closet?" Have they heard of the Dead Hand in the" Free Churches of Dissent ? If not, I would commend the following to their perusalThe trust deed "amongst us i. a kind of dead hand, but the in. "stance immediately before ns (the case of Jones v. "Stanhardl shows that the dead hand may sud- denly become instinot with awful life, and a mi:)- "ister may find himself gripped by its terrible skeleton fingers, and rudel) ejected from his pul- pit, and possibly frjm his means of subsistence, and that not because he did not preach the gospel "of Christ as taught in the New Testament, nor, indeed, becauao anything could be alleged I I azaiust the really Christian or Christ- "like teaching of his pulpit; but beoauBe certain technical phrases, perhaps having no existence at all in Scripture words of "human origin and imposition-have found their way into trust deeds, constructed rather upon a Pagan than a Christian model."—Rev. Paxton Hood (see Christian World, February 17th, 1881). Facts are stubborn things- More need not be quoted. For the sum of one shilling these minis- ters may learn to realise Burns' wished-for boon Oh I wad some gif ie power gi'e ui To see o.rl, ;1 hero see us." Having fonnd the services, the sermons, the characters in the ohurohe.somewhat poor pabulum, the Oenedl now announces its proposed system of espionage upon the guardians and relieving officers in MÔn, mam Cymro. I would counsel them at onoe to drop this hot potato. A hard lot truly is that of the Anglesey parsonq. No long ago one of the revered six preached in the Genedl the showing of hospitality .not from char- ity indeed, yet with a view to manly emot?ticn. Now, this slight crumb the Genedl demurs ti our island clergy it has found that the poor man's friend-the poor man who is going in quest of a fresh donkey after the death of his anmble beast; "enn as Saul the son of Kish went after his father's asses" (no Bibls illustration, however trite, however wide of the mark, can be let go,) that the poor man's friend the parson. even the curate with his 2s 6d subscription—is but "a man of straw," drawn to en force the @erapina of Is from the DiuentinR minis ter's pocket; not even this for love, but for sheer shame: that the clerical donations, come from some stolen bag, some secret service fund. It is with hesitation, with relnotance, that one makes thgoe comments. But when one finds the Genedl. with its enormous circulation," its high pretentions, its deep-extending influence for good or evil; when one finds this National Welsh Com- pany, throngh such channels as this periodical and still worse the Ifrerin, pandering :o the orsBS crav- ings of the mane", one oannot but appeal—with however a forlorn hope-tbat these ministers- some of them of national repllte-should. from their own dead selves, rise, and raiso others to higher and better things. For, believe me, the Genedl does not represent the feelings of the better class of Noaoonformieta in Anglesey. There are parishes where no "tellers were sent into ohnrohes on that fateful census Sunday, whera numbers present are not generally known to this d "v. It was but yesterday that deacon told me that both Genedl and Werin were becoming too foal to read. It was bat lately that another deacon of what one coa)? fancy to be the John Elias' disciples type, remarked that what we ought to do in face of evil times is to weld our- selves the one to another &e best we i?ay (&SIO i. gored at ein gilydd ddylem ni). His voice is now ha.hed but his spirit breathes amongst the better portion of his class. But, invidious as one's own experience may be looked upon as material where- from 11 to point ft moral," appended is a rough rendering of a Church defence meeting at Amlwch, recorded in the Werin of Saturday last. The sore- ness seems most to lie in the presence of a Baptist chairman: Is it possible to get the Independents II of Wales to believe that amongst those here of the membere of that respeetable and influential community there were Borne who, with "light and main, helped that Libeller from Barmouth to stamp upon ignorant folk's minds that Dr. John Thomas is preaching infidelity in our land? Is it possible to induce the Methodists ana oapusts of Wales to believe that amongst this concourse some of their memberc likewise did what little they could to help the enemy to make fun of a man- aye a gentleman—liko^Dr. Thomas ? Be- lieve or not, the thing is a fact that cannot be "diliputed, and such knaves ought for ever to hide their faces for behaving in so Judas-like a manner towards their brethren. It is these who are the bane of Dissent, and the sooner we are thoroughly and everlastingly (tragwyddol) quit of "them the better. A heartfelt welcome to Mrs Harri to such scum. They are the refuse of Dip8nt." "The idea that Independents,Bapti.sts,and Metho- dists should be yelping tbrongh their horns God Save the Queen,' when a friend to religion was chsimpioning their cause Ob I ye bailiffs of the brazen trumpets, hide yourselves in everlasting obscurity I unless we do so it will be seen that Shame herself will be ashamed to acknowledge you." We went to the meeting-a meeting never to be forgotten. The CHAIR WAS TAKEN BY A BAPTIST (/|, a godly (dawiol) man of the name of John Hughes, Frondeg. There is hi_full addre88,that the Baptists of Wales may know him and that, knowing him, thev may boast themselves in him as a wortiiy gr.. dtion of the late Rev. Hugh Williams, Bettws. Says this worthy The day will soon be seen "when there will be neither nnderhand tithing (degwm cildwrn), nor the taking round collecting ladle, nor the enclosing in envelopes monthly promises of subscriptions to be found in our February 14tb, 1888. February 14th, 1888.
MR E. SWETENHAM, M.P., ON…
MR E. SWETENHAM, M.P., ON THE LICENCE OF THE WELSH VERNACULAR PRESS. Speaking afc a Conservative demonstration at Gresford Bank the other evening, Mr E. Sweten- ham, Q.C., M.P., said that there had lately been established-or attempted to be established, for he was sore it would never sucoeed-what was called a Land League for Wales. He saw himself only a short time ago, under the baud of one of the principal members of the Land League in Wales, that it was absolutely necessary to get np this Land League to counteract the pernicious influence of the Primrose League." According to that the Land League was in direct opposition, and intended to counteract everything the Primrose League proposed. The Primrose League was established in order to teach the people loyalty to the Crown, and therefore it logically followed that, if the Land League was in direct opposition to the Primrose League, that its first intention was to teach the people disloyalty to the Crown. The next object of the Primrose League was to teach the people to obey the laws, and that it was their bounden duty to obey every law until it was re- pealed; therefore,the object of the Land League must be to teach the people to disobey the laws if they did not like them, and not to wait until they were repealed. A further object of the Primrose League was to base all Acts of Parliament on two grand principles—their duty to God and their duty to their neighbour; and it followed, therefore, that if the Land League, as he had actually seen under the hand of the president of the league, was formed to counteract the pernicious influence of the Primrose League, that they intended to entirely disregard in their political creed the principles of their duty to their God and to their neighbour. They were casting that to the winds, and io was not to have part or parcel in their consideration. Now, be ventured to think that if the Primrose League had for its objects such unquestionably excellent principles as he had just mentioned, no person who aimed at respectability, and who aimed at being thought a respectable, loyal, religious person, could for a moment hesitate whether it was their duty or not to subscribe to the Primrose League (hear, hw). The Primrose League also did a great deal of good socially by those sort of meetings, and oftentimes in a neigh- bourhood like that a little mctual friendship and kindness did no harm, but frequently a gooct deal of good (hear, hear). These were critical times; and although they lived not far from Chester, yet they were over the border, and were practioalIy in Wales. There was at the pre- sent time what was under ordinary circumstances a very powerful engiue in the State, viz., the Press, and he could not conceal from himself, since he had been made a little acquainted with what was called the vernacular Press, that articles were written in the Welsh language because it was thought that they would not be so readily under- stood by the persons who would be able to criticise them and the persons who would be a able show how wrong it was to send about the country such pernicious doctrines. It was the duty of 811 educated people, and of all persons connected with the Primrose League, to do all that lay in their power to show people the fallacy of these wicked lies, which are being spread broadcast by the ver- nacular Press to the great detriment of truth and religion (applause). He would read them a few [extracts to give them an idea of what, only last week, some of the vernacular Press were saying. Y Goleuad. which was the mouthpiece of Calvinis- tic Methodism in Wales, baid It is dangerous to mention the name of Mr Gladstone in the bearing of a policeman lest your bones should be broken by a truncheon. Mr Balfour told Mr Blunt that he would take advantage of the weak health of some of the 'IeFLders of :the Home Rule party-th..t he would torture them in prison until the) died. The names of Balfour and Salisbury are loath- so ne, and Balfour will soma day perish in his own corruption." If these words had been written in Ireland, the obvious intention would be that Mr Balfour and Lord Salisbury should be removed in the same way as bad been Mr Burke and Lurd Frederick Cavendish (" 8hame"). In the Balle, it was stated that Mr Balfour was going abou boasting of his cruelty and injustice." Let them imagine how an editor CDuld sit down and write such absolute untruths, and which he must know were untruths Another paper, Y Gtcetth- nor (translated The Workman "), stated that the Government delights in placing its iron hand on the month of the Irish nation; and Balfour laughs with vindictive delight in the pursuit of his heroio work. By means of his paid iostrarnents-yea, paid in- stroments-he fines and sends to prison the friends and representatives of the people, for the simple reason that they endeavour to prevent their fellow- creatures from being crushed out of existence by the iron heel of tyranny. Balfour is eno mragod in his work by the hope that some of his victims will die ir. prison. This fact he mentioned to Mr Blunt a few weeks ago. Whilst reading about his purposes we are possessed by strange feelings, which cannot find expression. After mature consideration, we have come to the conclusion that the blessings of the earth would be none the less if Balfour took a leap into annihilation." These were the sort of falsehoods that appeared in the artioles of the Welsh Press. It had been said that the liberty of the Press was sought to be interfered with. The first article Mr O'Brien wrote after he came out of prison and put on his small clothes, almost simultaneously with the publication of those cant- ing falsehoods he had mentioned, was oue wherein the epithet bloody Balfour occurred no less than eight times, Was that liberty of the Press? Did they suppose that sort of thinp would have heen permitted in Ireland under Mr Gladstone's administration in 1881 and 1882? No Nlr Glad- stooe would have shut him up, and bittjournal, at once. There was a man orying out for the liberty, of the I'ress.aud using such language in his own news- paper. What they wanted for Ireland, and for this country, was that which the Primrose League in- cnlcated—loyalty to the Crown aud obedience to the law b how could they have this obedience to the law when those different persons, who were agitating in Ireland, were teaching the people to disregard the law ? A most sigiiijftoanti trial had recently occurred in London, when two men were charged with having dynamite in their possessiou for unlawful purposes. It was clearly proved that a man named Melville was one of them, but he was not slow to hear that he wa wanted, and accord- ingly decampud. They all knew how difficult it was to take persons into the Honse of Commons. 1, was necet.sary that a member of Parliament should ?rit. d in book the names of the persons l?? prop'd to show over the House, and also that he should put his own name to tbe order as a ,,ua,"t" that the person was respeotable. It was proved at the trial that then two men ami Melville had been seen to aS800iate on different occasions with different members of tbe Irisb party, Md with Mr Nolan, one of the Irish members. Now he asked them how came these men, who were Irish-Americans, to ask Mr Nolan to show them over tbe Honse, and how came be to go with them, and show them over the Honse, and the- remain for some time with them on the terrace afterwards, as was proved at the trial 7 Wonld Mr Nolan be likely to forget such a thing a short time afterwirds 7 Well, these facts had been deposed to by two inspectors of the police, who wereconstautly stationed in the Honse, and the Crown oalled Mr Nolan, who got out of it by saying that he did not recolleot the people at all. This was a most signi- ficant faot, and spoke for itself. These were the sort of men to whom it was proposed by the Home Rule party to entrust the government of Ireland, and therefore it was the bounden duty of everyone with a spark of loyalty to do their utmost to sup- port the Crown, and to support Lord Salisbury and his Government at such a crisis (applause).
THE METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC I…
THE METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC I INQUIRY. LECTURE BY PROFESSOR GRAY. The fol!owing are some extracts from an inaugural address recently delivered by Professor Gray, as hou. president of the Scientific boaiety, which has been formed among the students of the University College. In casting about for a subject on which to address yon on the present occasion, it has occurred to me that it might be interesting and appropriate if I endeavoured to give some slight account of the method and spirit of scientific inquiry, and some estimate of the intellectual effects which have attended the great development of science in modern times. To do justice to the subject would require far more time than I can now devote to it, and it must suffice, therefore, to take up only a very few of the more important points which present themselves at a first consideration. In the first place, then, scientific investigation has almost entirely come into existence within the last three hundred years. In more ancient times the method of dealing with natural phenomena consisted in trying to reconcile incompatible and tenaciously clung to theories with facts. All philo- sophising consisted in the discussion of the dicta of the old philosophers, and especially of Aristotle. The physics of that great father of philosophy were discussed with the rest, and being far from intelligible, were by no means interpreted in the same way by all classes of his disciples. In the words of an old writer: "Those who have "undertaken to explain Artistotle have understood "him so differently that there are an infinite number of pieces which all the schools are divided about. And if there be some few in which they have agreed, it is because the notions con- "tained in them were so common that very few persons were ignorant of them, so that they took more pains to study Aristotle than they took to "study nature, which, perhaps, is not near so mysterious as he." Thus the disciples of the Stagyrite became split up into different parties, who occupied themselves, in accordance with the tendency of all the philosophers of the time, with endless disputes about the meaning of words and fruitless diacassioiis of meaningless questions, such for example, as the number of angels who could dance on the point of a needle, or the result of. the action of an irresistible force on an immovable obstacle. Natural phenomena were explained by occult qualities, mere fine.sounding names invented to conceal the ignorance of those who used them. Words and names passed for reasons, and with their use grev the vanity of the ignorant persons who thereby obtained an undeserved reputation for learning and knowledge beyond those of the com- mon people. Almost exactly three centuries ago Galileo Galilei began to teach, and the true scientific method began to have a being. It is difficult for us to realise the state of science in the year 1581. The a priori method of first endeavouring to obtain a knowledge of causes, and from these reasoning to effects reigned supreme. To first regard and classify phenomena, and from their relations to infer causes never entered the heads of the school- men. Of course the more obvious phenomena of nature forced themselves on the attention of even the most wilfully blind, but a cursory glance was all that was given them and what he saw only served to set the philosopher afresh to his favourite occupation of theorising. Theories for the most part obscure and fantastic were held, especially in astronomy, although here more reasonable views founded on observation were beginning to make themselves known and felt. A system of astronomy evolved from the inner consciousness of man, whether philosopher or savage, is always a very strange affair. Take for example the old theory that the earth was fixed in the centre of the univer-e, enciroled with a multitade of solid crystal spheres revolving round it, carrying the planets and fixed stars. Absurd as it may seem, this in a modified form waa held in Galileo's time, and be narrowly escaped death at the stake for denying it. Everything, in short, was done to force the facts co agree with the theory, never an attempt made to examine carefully the facts and learn their lesson. Everybody talked, nobody did any- thing, and science was at a standstill. Even mathematics, so mnch valued by the Greek philosophers, was almost entirely neglected. In 80 little repute was this great subject held that the ohair of mathematics at Padua remained unfilled for three or four years nntil Galileo was appointed, at a salary of only one-eighth of that e. joyed by the Professors of Philosophy and Law. The experiment of the falling bodies from the leaning tower of Pisa was- the first piece of real action which interrupted the incessant wrangle and babble which had lasted so long. The result dealt the a priori method a blow from whioh it never recovered. It had been stated by Aristotle in an unusually luminous passage wbat amounts in substance to this, that a mass of ten pounds of lead would fall from a given height to the ground in one-tenth of the time that a single pound of lead would take to do the same. Galileo denied this, but refused to argue the matter with the school. men. "No," he said," I care nothing for your arguments as to what must be: let us see what is the actual fact. Let us go to tbe top of the "leaning tower, and let two bodies of different weights fall. I say that if let fall together they will reach the ground together." The Aristotelians witnessed the experiment. and the result was as Galileo had predicted. In spite of the plain evidence of their senses, they held to their original position, because, forsooth, they were able to quote chapter and verse for the statement from the works of their master. This then was the temper of mind produced on the one hand by undue reverence for authority, and on the other by continual exsreise of the wits, in which the supreme objeot to be gained was to meet by a superior dialectio skill or a more subtle sophistry the areuments of an opponent. The philo- sophers of the time prided themselves on cultivat- ing the art of reasoning it is certain that no men ever reasoned so badly. Of reverence for truth and desire for knowledge they had none; mm like Galileo, who loved truth and knowledge for their own sake, were treated with disdain, as persons wl-o degraded sublime philosophy by dragging it throngh the mire of mechanical operations. Of course, the Inquisition instinctively took the side of the Aristotelians. If the authority of the great masters of philosophy were disputed, how long would that of the Church over the minds and consciences of men, and its political domination remain iinaomilt-d ? Pisa became too hot to hold Galileo, and he betook himself to Padua, there to teach the mathematics. How he again fell into tronble by adopting the Copernican system of astronomy, which teaches that the sun and not the earth is the centre of the solar svstem, and that the earth and the rest of the planets revolve in orbits round that centre, you all have heard; and you know how, at the alz? of seventy, Galileo was dragged before the Inquisition at Rome and forced on his knees to abjure on the mORt HOIV Gospels this accursed heresy. That solemn abjuration forced from a feeble old man by the fear of torture Bnob as only the fiends of the Inqnisitio could devise, was the deatbknell of th" ifnotunce. 1,?t?iprance, an" false phi)naophv. whi?h then Rat in hi?h plaOl!; It attracted more immedi?te attention to Galileo and his teaohing than did even his many discoveries and his scientific writings, and did mnch to ensnre the speedy trinmph of his vie. The motion of the earth has snrvived the decrees pronounced against, it by the Supreme Pontiffs, and the Copernican theorv as corrected by modem astronomy it now held bv everybody, including, I must suppose, the Pone himself. In thns sketching the condition of sjien^e in the time of Ol\1iIpo I have gone far to describe the method which he inangnrated. In every respect the prooedure of inodern science is in opposition to that of the scholastic philosophers. Absolute and infallible authority there is none in science every- thing depends on proof, and a single opposing fact is acknowledged snfficiont to upset the most widely-received theorv. The most oarefnl ohse'va- tion and experiment A" employed in tb- first place to "Mert..in the fact-, and on theRe ni these on Iv are built the generalisations and theories whioh explain them. The spirit of modern ocienm is simply the love of truth for its own make, and 80 far as it is true to itself is free from any admixture of intellectual or personal vanity. The credit of introdnoing the new metho l of observing and returning from facts is generally bestowed on Francis Bacon, Galileo's great contemporary. I am sure, however, that great B8 the influence of the works of Baoon has been, the direct effect of Galileo on physical science has been vastly greater. His ideas regarding motion has given the great science of dynamics, his invention of the telescope laid the foundation of modern observational asfro.omy, and his example as a practiser of the experimental method has been cot less efficacious than his precept. The modern scientific method is commonly regarded as essentially and purely inductive. We are supposed to proceed by oollecting and arrang- ing !acte. noting in what they agree and disagree and deriving, as the result of the obierv;i relations, certain theories. Thus the oertaiuty of ft scientific conclusion is generally regarded as depending entirely on the number of observed cases from which the conclusion has been deduced. This is true of some scientific theories bnt certainly not of all, not even of the greater number. The soieutific method is deductive as well as inductive, and by deduction we are able to add certainty to our inductive result. As soon as we have formulated a statement which embraces the relations of a set of phenomena to one another, we can proceed by a deductive process to find the law of which these relations are the outcome or out ward manifestation. For example, the so-called laws of Kepler describe the character of the planetary motions, and give certain quantitative relations connecting these motions. They are simply the direct result of an inductive process. But a hundred yearn after Galileo the law of gavitation was reached by Newton by a deductive process, and that law once established became the instrument by which the great science of physical astronomy has been bnilt up. An enoruous number of facts have been predicted by its means, and verified by observa tion. It is only necessary to mention, as an example, the discovery by Leverrier and Adams of the planet Neptune by an application of the law of gravitation to the explanation of the observed disturbances in the motions of the planet Uranus. Further, errors iu the laws of Kepler themselves have beeii detected by the law of gravitation, which has also furnished the required corrections. The great results which have been achieved could never have been obtained by tbe laws of Kepler. These were simply the dead letter cf the facts, the quickening principle is tbe law discovered by Newton. The process I ha"e described, carried on during the last two hundred years, has produced modern science. In these days of achromatic telescopes of from two to three feet aperture, and watches which keeps time to oue in half-a-milliou, it is hard to realise that the first telescope was mads by Galileo, and that he first thought of applyingjthe pendulum to the measurement of time. In the latter part of the intervening three centuries the great body of biological science, which now exists, has been built up. Medicine has advanced from a mere collection of empirical rules, with a pharmacopeia in many respects grim and grotesque, to a system of methods based on scientific knowledge. The science of optics applied to the study of the ey. has given ue the great arc of ophthalmic surgery which has rescued so many sufferers from life-long darkness. Within the last sixty years alone our modes of locomotion and communication have undergone an e,itire change. Railways and steam- ship have come into being, messages are trans- mitted with lightning speed to all parts ofl the world, men actually speak to one another over distances of hundreds of miles, and now electricity is rapidly giving us a new and vastly improved system of lighting our houses and streets. After referring to some effects of the modern scientific methods ou scientific workers them- selves, Professor Gray continued Further. a striking characteristic cf the spirit of the greatest scientific workers has been self-'leuial, and with it the most unlimited patience. What else could have enabled great experimental geniuses like Reguault anO Joule, and great scientific theorists and experimenters like Helmholtz, and Maxwell, and Thomson, and others to spend their time and energies in devising and earring into effect processes for the realisation and verification of units and physical constants to the highest degree of attainable accutacy. No doubt they have been rewarded by the cheap sneer of the supetior person who looks down from the height of his own couccit on them as persons who spend their days in finding out scientific results to more and more places of decimals. But in thus apparently losing their lives scientific men have found them again. The minute care for accuracy which is the characteristio of modern research, the necessity for exact measure- ment which has been forced upon all by practical applications, have been most fruitful in progress. To mention only one or two inatancee,the verification by exact quantitative experiment of the law of con- servation of energy in tbe voltaic circuit has led to a vast number of thermal measurements of the utmost importance to chemical scieuce: the attempt to connect unitsof electrical measurements with those need in ordinary civil life for comparing lengths, masses, and times, and the realisation of electrical standards, rendered necessary by land acd submarine telegraphy, have led to an exaot quanti- tative knowledge of the laws of magnetism and electricity, and a definiteness of nomenclature and thought in science which did not exist a quarter of a century ago. A true goientiiic wcrker must never be in a burry to communicate his results to the world. Newton kept the theory of gravitation to himself for seven- teen years, until he was able to verify it numeri- cally,and many of tbe greatest discoverers have been equally cautious and self-restrained. Too great haste in this respect is prompted by the desire of renown, which is natural to the human breast, and too little held In check. specially by vonng scientific men. The process of making a memoir is very often simply thus, A few crude observations are made, proving nothing very detiuite a papet is drawn up containing a description of the apparatus and a statement of the results, and published in some journal. The author does not examine aud weigh his experiments, repeat them, and add to their number, and carefully digest the results >0 as to extract from them their meaning, but rushes at once into print, and adds to the dreary waste which has to be piodded through in order that 110 scrap of value embedded in the heap of rubbish may be overlooked. I feel sure that the mass of papers published annually in Germany might be diminishedby one half,and their total valuedoubled by a process of judicious sifting and weighing. And now, before I conclude these remarks, I should like to say how very much I expect from this society it it proceeds in its work in the true scientific spirit. Have only one object in view in your communications, ill your answers to questions, in your manner and tone in discussions, to gain scientific knowledge for yourselves, and to help, by every means in your power, all seekers after the same good. Therefore, be earnest, be self-re- strained, lay aside any temptation to smartness or levity. Keep continually before your mindi the laudable objects you have s<:t before you iu your constitution, and you will Jo well.
ITHE SILVER WEDDING OF THB…
I THE SILVER WEDDING OF THB PRINCE OF WALES. PROPOSED PRESEN C FROM NORTH WALES. It having occurred to one or two representative Welshmen that the occasion of the silver wedding of the Prince and Princess of Wales wouid be a fitting opportunity for the inhabitants of North Wales to show their respect for and loyalty to their Royal Highnesses, theleadinglando vner. and other residents ill the northern couuties of the Prin- cipality were communicated with and having expressel their approval of the suggestion, a meet- ing was held on Tuesday ,t Wrexham, under the presidency of the visar (Canon Howell), for the purpose of forming a conmittee to promote the object iu view, and to make arrangements for the collection of the necessary subscriptions. It was resolved that the maximum subscription shonld be limited to threa guineas, and that every effort should be made to get smaller am junta, the desire being to make the movment as general as possible. It was further decided that circulars ahoold at ouce be issued, asking for subscription*, andthatthe mayors of the oorporate towns in North Wales and chairmen of Looal Boards teinvited to open subscription lists. The following gentlemen were appointed the com- mittee. with Sir J. H. Pule, ton. M P., a-i ohsir- mllll :-The Lord-Lieutenant of Denbighsbire. (Colonel Cornwallis Wsst. M. PI. the Lord-Lieu- tenant of Flintshire (Mr H. R Hughes, of Kinmel), the Lord-Lieutenant of Canai vonshire (Mr J. E. Greaves), Lord Penrhyn. r, <r < Kenyon, Sir W:\tkiJ) Williams Wynn, Bart., Mr K \fyddelton Biddulph (Chirk Castle), Colonel lUnng, Mr J. Marshall Dug'tale, the Rev. Canon U iwell. Sir Love Jones- Parry, Bart., Sir Pryce I' vce Jon-s, the Hon. G. T. Kenvon, M.P., Mr Henry Leslie, Lieutenant- Colonel Mainwar n'Sir Theodore Martin, K.C.B., Mr Beiij ifnin Pi«"ii (Vlarc iwiel fltxll), Mr Edmund "eel 'Bryu-y-pv-). C <louel l latt, the Right Hon H. C. Raikes, M IV, Colonel the Hjn W. E. Sackville West, General Yorke, C.B. Mr Evan Morris, of Boieneatk, Wrexham, is set.. ing as honorary secretary.
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