The Welshman

j MINING INTELLIGENCE. MINING INTELLIGBNCE. VALF OF TOWY.—The lode in the 124, south of Clay's engine-shaft, is 3 ft. wide, composed cf barytes, carbonate of lime, and blende ore ground rather hard for progress. The lode in the 60 north, on Derrick lode, is 3 ft. wide, producing a small quantity of lead, but not to value. The lode in the 50 north, on Derrick lode, is 2 £ ft. wide, pro- ducing saving work for lead ore. The 50 south, on said lode, has very much improved for lead ore, and the ground easy for driving present price 30s per fm No change to notice in the 40 cross-cut. The lode in the 20, south of Bonville's, on Derrick lode, is 15 in. wide, producing good saving work for lead ore. No change to notice in the new adit level, south of Nant shaft. ST. DAVID'S (GOLD). -Elizabeth lode improves the forebreast is full of quartz, spotted with a little copper ore and silver-lead the price for driving this month is 96 10s per fm.-Bwlchcoch Lode, No. 2 There is n > change of any importance in the nature of the ground for the past week the price for driving is L4 per fm. The main adit continues to be very hard, and bad to cut; pric- per fathom only £ 5 5s. — Prospecting: The appearance of Maude's lode is very satisfactory in the outcrop, where the cn, n worked last week; but, according to Mr. Brown's instructions, I have moved them yesterday to another lode. The waggons and rails have arrived at last, and they are ready on the mine. I will send the cost-sheet in a few days. CARMARTHEN U-ilTED.-During February the engine- shaft has been sunk 4 fins., 1 ft. we have 4i ft. more to sink to get to the required depth for a fork, & the lode is about 7a feet wide, composed of day-slate, carbonate of lime, and spots of lead ore. I am of opinion that we have the junction of the main and caunter lodes in the south end of the shaft this will be proved by cutting the plat. The winze has been sunk 3 fms. 5 ft.; the last 6 ft. of sinking the lode has been very much contracted and poor for mine- ral, but I think this is only temporary. We have 4 frus. more to sink this winze to get to the 66, and which I hope to see completed by the end of the present month. The 54 north, on the main lode, has been driven 9 feet also a cross cut west 3 ft., to prove a part of the lode in that direc- tion the lode at present is poor, as we are getting near the cross-course We have holed the rise in the north end of the stopes to the 42, so that all the attle coining from the 42 will be put to stull in the stope, so as to save expense in drawing it to surface. The 51 north-west, on the caunter has been driven 4 fms., and a cross-cut east 7 ft.; the lode is 6 ft. wide, producing saving work for dressing, although not so productive as it has been, I expect an improvement again shortly, as the best lode we had in the level above is about 3 fms. ahead of this end. Tiie 42 north has been driven 3 fathoms 2 feet through a hard bar of ground at present the ground is a little more easy, having met with a breast head and a cross flookan joint, inside of which were broken on Fiiday some good stones of lead. Six feet more driving will prove something of this apparent change. Saturday being our pay and setting-day, the following bar. gains were let for March :—The 54 north, on the main lode, to two men, 1 fm., at X6. The stope in the back of this level to four men, for the month, at 45s per fm. The 54 north-west, on the caunter, to four men, 2 fms., at L3 5a per fm. The 42 north, to four men, 2 fms., at 16 per fin. All the wheeling to three men, for the month, at 7s 6d per fathom. We shall sample to-morrow 36 tons of lead ore, the produce of January and February. TRADE IN MONMOUTH AND SOUTH WALES.—There is no material alteration to record in the state of the Coal and Iron Trades since my last report. Nearly all the iron- works are kept pretty well employed, and at some of them there is considerable activity evinced. There are a good number of orders on hand, and the enquiries from Ameriea are on the increase. The collieries are moia regularly at work since the advent of favourable weather; and from the feeling evineed on the market, the coalmasters look for- ward with confidence for better times. Many a correspon- dent has called attention, in the columns of the Mining Journal, to the necessity of hiving some kind of society which would protect the public, to a certain extent, agiinst the incorrect representations and dishonest practices which are carried on in connection with mining. I do not think that there is any coal mining district in the kingdom that has suffered more severely in this respect than South W.lps. I The public of this district were led to believe a short time since that the letters which appeared in the Journal xould have been the means of awakening sufficient public inlerest to establi h a Mining Protection Society, but the matter seems to have dropped, as it were, all at once. I have known many instances in this district where parties have come down from London, representing themselves as men of capital, and by this means they induce landlords to lease their mineral properties; and, after everything is com- pleted, it suddenly turns out that the lessee is a m-in of straw, and not wnrtll one penny piece. It may naturally be asked if fraudulent and false representations have been made, why not cancel the lease? All who are versed, however, in minin matters know that a year or two is generally allowed to prove the coal, subjeci to a e rtain dead rent, and the latter, very pro'iably, will not come due for twelve months. It is respecting such persons ai these the public require information, which would be the means of protecting them against a vast amount of trouble rind expense. On other occasions, representations are made that some intimate friends are desirous of investing their capital, but it soon transpires that the friends" are the usual resort to a limited company. The aent who secures the property manages, as a rule, to get pretty heavily into debt, and when the company gets into possession they repudiate all that the agent has done, and nothing more is htard of him. This has been the cise in more than one instance, and very often the company disappears in as mysterious a manner as the agent. It must not be presumed that I wish to discourage legitimate mining speculations, but, oil the contrary, every assistance and reasonable support ought t > be given to those who invest in such uadertakings. It is the men of straw" a:.d the middle men" who ought to lie eradicated from mining society, in order that the real lessees and lessors might negociate with one another. This can- not be accomplished without establishing some kind of general organisation throughout the country, and a. first- class direction in London. The mining public of tais dis- trict would hail with satisfaction the formation of a Mining Protection Society, or any other effectual plan, with the view of achieving the objects contemplated. If the mat.er were taken up by responsible parties there is no doibt but that success would be the result. Much opposition would, no doubt, have to be encountered, but this would only prove to a great extent, that the scheme was one worthy of sup- port. CARDIGANSHIRE CONSOLIDATED MINING COI. PANY. An ordinary general meeting of proprietors was held at thpcompany's office, Bishopsgate-street Within, on Monday. Mr. Parke Pittar in the chair. Mr. J. H. Murchison (the secretary) read tbe notice con- vening the meeting -The following report of the agent was submitted :—I beg to hand you my report fir the neeting, to be held on Monday, March 2, showing the work done in the last twelve months, with the results, and aho tile pre- sent appearance, and future prospects in the mine. Since the last general meeting our operations have been cairieJ on chiefly in the eastern part of the mine, where Copper shaft has been sunk 11 fms. below the adit, a line of roais fixed to pump the water, a plat cut at the 10, lift of pumps and footway fixed in the shaft, the shaft cased and divided from surface to the bottom, complete for the machine-k bble to work. Pulleys have been fixed from the shaft to the draw- ing machine, by which the stuff is now drawn instead of horses as formerly. The 10 is driven east from shaft 16 fms 4 ft. in a very promising lode, yielding good stones of copper ore occasionally the lode in the present end is 5 feet wide, with blende, mundic, and a little copper ore in it similar to tne lode in the adit near the copper ore, looking very promising for an improvement very shortly there are about 12 fms. more to drive to get under the bunch of ore now working on in the adit -driving by six men, at £ 7 Pfr fm. The adit.has bean extended IS fms., the last 10 tm". 111 unset'led ground, & the lode unproductive the lode in this place is going very much to the soutu, consequently a cross- cut is now driving north to try if a more productive prt it can be met with this cross cut is driven 12 fms., and ac- cording to the regular bearing of the lode through the mine there are about 12 fm more to drive to meet it thf grouni is of a very congenial character for lead ore, and I when the load is met with it will produce lead ore—driving by two men, at E5 per fm. A plat has been cut at the adit, and the level widened and t'ainruad laid down at surface t, con fey the stuff from the stopi-s to the shaft, a tramroad has also been laid down at surface to convey the stuff froiu tne .shift to the dressing-floors, The ground stopes away above the adit, east of air shaft, is 10 fms. long by 7 fins, high, but the ground is still standing whole to west of the shaft; price for stopingat present fm., by six men the lode yielding 1 ton per fathom. This shaft has been sunk 14 fms. from surface, and communicated with the stopes, which has laid open a good pie -eof ground, and well venti- lated the workings in the adit the lode in the shaft is worth from 1-3 cwts. to I ton of copper ore per fm. on an average, from within 4 fms. of the surface down to the back of the adit. A winze is now sinking in the bottom of the adit, which is now down 2 fms. the lode at present will yield 2 tons per fm.-sinkitig by six men, at £ 9 per fill. r cOlisider this to be a valuable piece of ground, and if the ore does hold down to the 10 (which there is every reason to be- lieve it will) this part of the sett will, without doubt, make a firu rate mine. The ore ground taken away in the last 12 months, including the level driven through the ore, and the shaft sunkthrough it, is about 110 fms., which have turned out about 200 tons of ore. I think it hai turneJ out as well or better than could be expected considering the depth being only 22 fms. from surface. I believe this is the best bunch of copper ever discovered in Cardiganshire at the same depth and speaks well for future prospects when the ground is laid open at a greater depth. In the western part of the sett (about one mile from this place) Sander's shaft is sunk to the depth of 17 fms. from surface in a promising lode, 5 ft. wide, yielding blende, lead, and copper ore for the whole depth, but not in sufficient quantity to pay for dressing, ex- cept with a stamp, which I believe would make it pay the lode is of a most promising character, and I believe would lead to something good, but as men are so scarce at present I would suggest that it be suspended for a short time, or until a more convenient time, and put all our force to open out the ground at the eastern part of the mine, where I havo no doubt but a good and profitable mine will be met with when properly laid open. I would here remark that Bog shaft and Copper shaft are very conveniently situated for that purpose the shafts being about 70 fms. apart, and all the machinery requisite for doing so erected, and in good working order. I consider the best way to open out and prove the ground is to sink both Bog shaft and Copper shaft and drive from one shaft to the other, and drive east from Copper shaft (say) 65 fms., also drive west from Bog shait (say) 65 fms., making the length of ground 200 fms. Box shaft is now 30 fms. be low adit, and Copper shaft is 10 fms. below adit. Sink Bog shaft 30 fathoms deeper, and Copper shaft 50 fathoms deeper, and open out the aronnd 200 fms. in length, and I have no doubt but the mine wiil turn out equally as good as any mine in Cardiganshire. In regard to the time and expense of opening it out, it is a matter for your consideration, and for which some calculation should be made. Sinking Bog shaft (^ay) 30 fms at £ 15 per fm Y,450-litne or sinking 1.5 months.—Sinking Copper shaft (say) 50 fms., at Y,15 per fm., £ 750—time for Rinking two years. Driving three levels (say) 200 fms. each, fi00 fms., at £7 per frn £ 4200 Pumps, rods, timber, &c., for sink- irig (say) £ 606 total, £ 6000. In conclusion, I beg to say th-it the prospects were never so good since the mine has been in possession of the present company as they are at present, and Ioonsider the prospects will fully warrant the outlay, and if the ore opens out so good in the next level as it did in the a Jit, I believe we shall be able to pay the greater part of the cost from the returns, which I calculate at about 15 tons per month until more ground is opened out. after which the returns will be increased according to the number of hands employed in breaking the ore Present number of hands employed in the mine is, underground twenty-two men, 1 kibble filler, I hndc>r, 1 pitman, and machineman, 1 waterman, 1 extra man doing sundry work at surface, I smith, 1 carpenter, I dresser, 5 boys, 2 girls and 1 woman tending the barracks: total, 38. A prnfit and loss acoount was submitted, which shewed a profit upon the operations of the eleven months ending De- cember of X96 71 8d. The balance of liabilities over assets was zC264 10s 2d against which there was old ore sold on February 25 of the value of £:312 7s 6d. The Chairman thought that the proprietors would agree with him in thinking that the report just read was of a fa- vourable character -such, indeed, as to induce them to hope that their most sang line expectations were about to be realised. Capt. Sanders, their agent, was present, who would be glad to afford any further information that share- holders desired. Capt. Sinders, in answer to enquiries, stated that he con- fidently recommended the opening out of a mine to a greater extent than it was at present by sinking the engine-shaft and driving levels, by which means he had every reason to believe they would open out a good and profitable mine. He had fully stated his opinion in the report he had just submitted, and did not know that he could add anything of importance. The Ctiairman sai I that Mr. Darlington (Messrs Phillips and Darlington) the company's consulting engineer, was present, who would give his opinion on the property. Mr. Darlington said that he had not yet been able to dis- cuss with Captain Sanders with respect to the recommen- dations proposed in his report, but that he had hoped to do so, and give his opinion upon them in due course. He thought there was no doubt tnat when properly developed the property would prove to be very valuable. The lode was of an immense size-indeed it might be called a mine- ral channel. There was no question that the property con- tained large deposits of ore, which would be wrought with a considerable profit, the only difficulty being to find them. The character of the lode was peculiar, the ore making in distinct deposits without any apparent connection, and without presenting any leading feature that might be fol- lowed, so that one deposit of ore might be found in quite a different channel of ground to that in which another was found. Mr Kilner was of opinion that the reoommendationa in Capt. Sanders' report should be forthwith adopted. The Chairman enquired of Capt. Sanders if he thought it advisable to adopt Crease's machine for the more rapid development of the property ? Capt. Sanders replied that he had never seen Crease's machine at work, and therefore he could not form any accurate idea as to its practical value. The Secretary, in answer to a question, stated although there were liabilities in excess of the assets amounting to £164: 10s, the ore sold on February 25, of the value of 1312 7s 6d, not only covered those liabilities, but left a balance on the credit side of the accounts. It was then unanimously resolved that the report now read be received and adopted, and the works proceeded with as vigorously as possible, under the sanction of the consult- ing engineers. Messrs. Parke Pittar, J. Kilner, C. Copland, and Col. Bizaljfette were elected the directors for the ensuing year. —Mr. Charles Eley was re-elected auditor. A vote of thanks to the executive terminated the pro- ceedings.

AGRICULTURE. MANURE FOR A POTATO CRol-Will you be kind enough to let me know the manure you consider best for a potato crop? I intend planting upon a barley stubble aft^r turnips and wurzel. Tne manure to be applied will be altogether artificial. The soil a strong Ioarn. [You may apply the following mixture :-To one owt. of Peru- vi-in guui) add two cwts of superphosphate, two cwts. phisptiatic ga ino, and two cwts. of the silphate of mag- ne-ia. Apply at the rate of from six to eigtll owts. to the acre. After the drills are formed the manure should be distributed by hand across the drilis. Topdress the crop previous to the second hoeing with a mixture of Peruvian guano all,1 nitrate of so la-one cwt. of each. MANURE FOR AN OAT CROP. -I have a field which has bin fie ylrs in lea, soil clayey loam, which I intend to sow witn Sandy oats Will you be kind enough to inform me thinutfh the medium of your journal whether If cwt. of Peruvian guano, or I cwt. sulphate of ammonia will have the most beneticHI effect upon the crop, and whether the litter should be harrowed in with the seed, or applied after the crop is brairded ?-[We -ii,),ild prefer the 14 cwt. of PerLivi-Aii guallo. Tnis should be applied at the period of sowing the o its. If you apply ttie sulphate of ammonia, delay until the crop has attained to the height of about four inches. Distribute it by hand, and previous to a shower.] COMMON SALT AS A MANURE —I have purchased a few tons of salt. Would you recommend it on a field where turnips were grown last season on Proctor & Ryland's manure, and do you think that it would produce a bad effect on grass seeds which I intend sowin. along with a barley crop; and what quantity do you recommend per acre ? If you disapprove of it let me know to what I may apply it.— [Com non salt will not produce much i!npr)ve- ment applied to aay crops growing on lands in the Isle of Man. Being surrounded by the sea, the soil will receive annually a certain quantity of salt sufficient for the crops. If you use the salt as a manure, you may apply it at the rate of 2 cwts. to the acre, alo ig with Proctor and ltvland's manure for the ensuing mangold or turnip crop. In order to teit its man irial value, leave a portion in the middle of the field without salt.] H.ECLA BlED LAD.-I have this winter trenched a few acres of land of a stiff clay with occasional patches of a free and sandy nature. 1 intten.d taking a crop of oats this season, and sowing down with grass next. Which variety of oats would you consider mo-t suitable, and how should it be treated as t ) manure this season, and relative to Bowing- out afterwards? [Ynu may select Sandy or Birlie oats for sowing. The kind and quantity of manure to apply depends upon the condition of the soil as regards the amount of fertilising constituents. Under the circumstances the best manure to apply is Peruvian guano. This sow at the rate of 4 cwts. per acre previous to sowing the oats. By the beginning of May, if the crop appears to be deficient in vigour of growth, topdress with nitrate of soda, I cwt. to the acre. Upon the removal of the oat crop use a grubber to bring the roots of weeds and the oat stubbly to the surface. Delay ploughing until spring, and only stir when trie soil is sutficietitt, dry to admit of it heing easily reduced. If you intend to sow it out in 1864, stir the land several times by plough, harrow, and aruboer, and seed with grass and clover seeds during the beginning of June. Sow with the grass seeds 2 pecks of tares and 4 lb. rapeseed to the acre ] M.-I-iKLIN. -Is a crop of mashlin (a mixture of beans and oats) in point of law a white or a green crop-the land of course being manured with farmyard manure, and hand- hoed in the usual way ? —[We know of no decisions on the question now raised. Were such a case coming into court much would depend upon the evidence as to the relative proportions of beans and oats.] OATS AFTER OATS. -1 have a field that was ploughed out of lea last year which was sown -vitb oats, and produced a splendid crop. Bein< forced this year to sow a second crop of oats on the same land, which is a heavy clay soil, would you recommend equal quantRies of bone-dast and gtiano P and how much per acre ought to be applied? and when ought it to be put on the land ? [Bone-dust will not greatly influence the growth of the oat crop, more particu- larly as the Boil i, a heavy clay. We would recommend an application of 2 cwts. of Peruvian guano and 1 cwt. superphosphate per acre at the period of sowing You 1114y topdress by the end of April or beginning of May with nitrate of Soda. Regulate the quantity according to the appearance of the crop. Fifty-six lbs. may be enough, but 1J cwt. may be required per acre.] FAILUUB OF GRASS AND CLOVER SEEDS.—I have a field I sowed last season with oats and grass seeds. The grub worm destroyed the crop of oats, and also the 4rass sr'eds, so that it looks just now more like a field of naked fallow than new grass. I am bound to a six shift rotation, taking tw • wtiite crops. What would you advise me to do with it, so that I may not mar my rotation ? S .il a heavy loam. —[Under the circumstances, we would sug- gest the propriety of sowing a mixture of tares, beans, P( ai, barley, and oats on ttie field—tuis cut green for soil- ing Cattle, and stieep. If sheep are folded on the portion of the field cleared, and are supplied four or floe times during the twenty-four hours witn the green forage, they will thrive rapidly; and the treading and droppings of the sheep will tend to secure a full crop in 1864. Com- mence to cut the i rop for sheep s'ock not later thnn the middle of June. By the beginning of September the whole crop should be finished. If you adopt this suggestion, the land should b! ploughed immediately with a light furrow. Deposit the seed in rows to admit of hoeing the crop. Three bushels of the mixture to the acre sh )uld prove suffi- cient Apply to tho land a mixture of Peruvian guano and superphosphate Regulate the quantity according to the condition of the land. Four cwts. per acre may prove a sufficient allowance.] SELECTION OF OATS FOR SOWING. A change of seed usually proves beneficial, irres- pective of the character of the preceding season, or of the crop of that season. An increase of pro- duce and grain of a superior quality frequently result from a judicious change of seed. When a considerable portion of the grain of a district has been injured by frost, either during the period the crop was ripening, or from sprouting in ttie stook, or from heating or moulding in the stack, a change of seed becoim's necessary to secure one of the in ),t essential conditions for an abundant crop. Any of the causes which tend to weaken the vitality of the grain inter- feres with its germination; the grain either rots, or the rotlets formed are so few and feeble that the plants do not acquire that tigorous growth so essential to the production of a full crop. As the greater portion of 1862, especially in the later dis- tricts of Scotland, was partially damaged either previous to or after it had been reaped, much of the grain is unsuitable seed. Every occupier of land in late and upland districts should study to procure seed oats of a prolific and early variety, ripened to an early district, and which have been harvested without sustaining any damage, The grain selected should be free of the seeds of weeds. It is very probable that many of the occupiers of i smlI holdings in backward districts will use, for sowing, grain the produec of their farms. Those therefore who have opportunities of informing them as to the importance of a change of seed this spring will confer a favour upon such occupiers. It is the more important for them to purchase touud oats lipened in an early district, as by sowing infe- rior or damaged grain they will only reap an indiffe- rent crop and such a result following immediately upon the deficient harvests of 1861 and 1862 will prove to them most diei.-trous. The experienced readily detect any damaged grains in a sample of oats or other seeds of the cereals When the grain has been frosted it is light, its colour is usually fairer than that of sound oats, and it has a ringing metallic sound. Sprouted grains have the thick ends- partially opened. If ermination has pro ceeded a certain length small portions of the rootlets may be observed protruding) and such. grains being light they are easily separated by hand-fanners when the grain is dressed for market; but not so those which have only par- tially sprouted, and which have not put forth any rootlets. Heated oats are darker in the colour, with more or less of a brown tinge in the front of the grain. The kernel has more or lesa a bitter tiste, depndoTlt upon the extent to which heating has proceeded. Moulded grain has a peculiar smell, and if it is carefuliy examined a change of colour will be observed in the front of the panicle. This arises from a fungus growth, which may be best seen by the aid of a mag- nifying glass. The vitality of seeds, whether of oats or other plants, is generally destroyed by the action of frost, sprout- ing, heating, or moulding. Those seeds which have been even partially injured from any of the above causes put forth feeble rootlets, and consequently do not produce vigo- rous plants. There are other causes which deteriorate the vitality of seeds, such as a low range of temperature during the period the seeds have been maturing, an excess of mois- ture, absence of sunlight, &o. Oats suffer less from these causes than any of the other cereals; st'll they diminish the healthy germination of the seeds. Some take exceptions to a change of seed, as it involves a certain outlay arising from the difference in the market value of superior to inferior samples of oats, to which the expense of carriage requires to be added. But such objectors may be reminded that the quantity of grain required to seed a given area will be considerably diminished when superior yrain is obtained for sowing. The difference in the quan- tity may amount to 2 bushels to the acre as 4 bushels of STUnd grain may produc1 a thicker, more regular, and more vig,rous braird than if double the quantity of damaged o its are sown. By sowing the best sample procurable, nearly the whole of the grains will germinate, and these will produce more vigorous stems while by using inferior grain for seed only a portion will germinate, the braird will be less uni- formly regular, and the after-growth less healthy. The consequence will be the crop will not ripen so equally nor so early, and will besides be inferior, both in straw and grain, alike in produce and quality. In the Calendar directions are given as to the sowing of oats. SMALL-POX IN SHEEP. Agriculturists will be glad to know that the ovine-small- pox, which six months ago caused so much alarm amongst the flockmasters in the Smth of England, is rapidly dying out, being now confined to one farm in the corner of Berk- shire. Altnuugh in a few individual cases considerable losses have been sustained, the mortality has been by no means so great as was anticipated, or so extensive as it was when the disorder appeared some years ago in the south-eastern counties. The prompt and successful arrest of the disease has been mainly owing to the sensible segregation of both shepherds and their masters, the immediate removal of failing or diseased individuals, and the discontinuance of the system of inoculation which was proposed and tried by Professor Simonds, and whiJh, although producing the disorder in a mitigated form, still by increasing the number of cases, multiplied the contagion, and greatly extended the disease. The system of inoculation was first opposed by Professor Gamgee, who was early on the s pot, and was of valuable service in quieting the popular terror on the subject, in propounding rational views regarding the disease, and devising measures for its arrest. There was, it will be remembered, much mystery regard- ing the cause of the first cases. It was thought that the disease must have been imported from abroad. It was suggested that it might have been caught from some shep- herd recovering from small-pox. But it now appears to have been produced in a still simpler manner, It would seem th.at a portion of Mr. Parry's flock had been driven too hurriedly to the wash-pool and plunged int,) the water whilst over-heated and exhaustod. This is now well known in the neighbourhood, and is generally considered to be the conmencement of the calamity. Within a week after the washing the disease appeared, and fresh cases followed thick and fast. But although resulting in this way from purely j accidental causes it speedily assume,! a contagious character, and spread with great rapidity amongs any sound sheep plaoed in contact with the infected. N iy, more, so viru- lently contagious did it become, that distinct attendants required to be told off for the sotind and sick sheep and we know one gentlemen who unfortunately transferred the disease from one part of his farm to another merely by placing amongst a lot of sound sheep a trough which had been used amongst some infected subjects To some it tmy appear strange and unlikely that a dis- order so strongly catching should be thus produced from accidental causes. But we find the same to obtain in many other complaints both of men and animals. Even small- pox in man, although generally spreading by contagion, is -also said occasionally to occur independently of it. The most contagious fevers of men are often traceable to scarcity of provisions, impure water, foul air, overcrowding, and other such conditions perfeotly independent of the con- tagion, which may, however, afterwards prove a most potent means of extending them. Again, glanders in horses, although sometimes depending upon contagion, is due in a large proportion of cases to agencies which like those in lucin.; fever in man weaken and deteriorate the powers of life. If the account no v given be correct, Mr. Parry's sheep when overheated & exhausted appear to have been plunged into cold water, and kept standing for some ti-ne thereafter cold and dripping. The skin must thus have become chilled, its secretions and excre'ions interfered with, and morbid matters probably engendered and retained in the system. Ttiere may at this time besides have fisted amongst these Wiltshire sheep some predisposition to such disorders. It is well known that certain seasons appear to bring with them a striking predisposition so certain diseases — cholera, scarlet fever, and other eruptive diseases of men, distemper and rabies in dogs, vesicular epizootic in cattle and sheep, and strangles, influenza, and farcy in horses, all amply illustrate this. On this subject Professor Dick in the proceedings of the Edinburgh Veterinary Coliege, published in the current number of the Transactions of the Highland and Agri- cultural Society" thus remarks:—"The coincidence is somewhat remarkable that cow-pox which, generally speak- ing, is a very rare disease in the bovine tribe, should have made its appearance in certain dairies since the date of the last report at the same time that small-pox in the human race snould have raged as an epidemic in various localities. Two of the students attending the classes, as well as two of my workmen, have been affected with the latter in a severe form Both of the students and one of the workmen have recovered, out the other workman is still confined with the disease. From murrain and cow-pox prevailing amongst animals at the same time with small-pox in man, and all these being constitutional diseases, the most prominent symptoms appealing as an affection of the skin, it wor.ld seem ttiat the atmospherical constitution of the season during which they have simultaneously occurred, must have exerted a considerable influence on their origin and pro- gressive developement. j

r THE WEEK AT HOME. The Wrexharn Local Boaid have accepted the tender of tho Provincial Insurance Company, for a Loan of 112,000 at £ o per cent on the security of the rates, as directed by Act f Parliament, for the purpose of carrying out a system of sewerage Riyal malriaes s-ein to be the fashion now. The Prince of Orange has just been betrothed to the Princess Marie, cousin of his Majesty the King of Holand. Three more of tfte sufferers by the explosion at the Shelton Ironworks have died. The total number of deaths is now twelve, and it is feared that it will bu still further increased. Mr. Thomas Williams, a surgeon practising in Birming ham, committed suicide last week by taking prussio acid. The unfortunate gentleman was labouring under temporary insanity. A ourious trick of trade" was disclosed at one of the London police courts, oil Monday. A sweep admitted that he used copperas for dyeing sawdust to sell to the farmers for soot. Mr. Carlyle has completed the fourth and half of the fifth a nd concluding volume of the" History of Frederick the Great." He dwells with less amplitude (says the Athenceurn) upon the latter part of his hero's career than he did upon its commencement. A steamer called the B anshee, constructed on the steel- pll.t, principle, sailed from Liverpool a few days ago for Nassau It is said she will be refitted at one of the Wes- tern Isles, and aft»rwards employed in the Confederate ser- vice — Liverpool Mercury. DEMO.VOSOPUY" IN FRANCE —The lunatic asylums of France nave of late received large additions to their inmates from the admission of numerous patients whose maladies have oeen the result of the new-fangled doctrines of spirit- ualism, including t le usual tceompaniunents ,of table turn ing, mediums, tappings, and intercourse with demons. A magnificent Irish bull came into the House of Com- mons on Tuesday night. In the course of a discussion on a Bill relating to illegitimate children in Ireland, Col. Vandeleur exclaimed, You can't settle these matters at the quarter sessions — why, in my part of the country the quarter sessions are held half-yearly." About 200 of the non-resideuts of the University of Ox- ford have signed the protest against tne prosecution of Pro- fessor Jowett P. Woodcock, Esq., brother of the esteemed vicar of Chard- stnek, has offered to restore the churd] of that place at a cost of £ 4,000. We need not add that the munificent offer has been accepted. The Morning Post acknowledges a contribution on behalf of Poland, from two persons at Canterbury, being the balance of a subscrip'ion raised for a similar object in 18:3 1" -thirty-two years ago—and amounting to five shil- lings. Mr. Hfnry Phillipps, the well-known basso, gave a "fare- well concert" at St James's Hall, London, last week. The roo,a was well filled. Mr. Phillipps introduced some of his ancient favouric-, 'Twas past meridian," Braham's duet -1 All's well (which he sang, with Mr. Sims Reeves, with immense effect), and other "nee famous ditties which are now almost forgotten. Mr. Phillipps has returned to London to continue his avocations as a teacher of his art. The Chief Commissioner of the Sanitary Report, visited the Docks to inspect the PURE TEA imported by HORNI- MAN & Co., LONDON, having found many teas in general use covered by the Chinese with an objectionable colour which is drank when the tea is made. Horniman's Tea being imported uncolonred, the Chinese cannot pass off in- ferior sorts, consequently, this Pure Ten is strong, delicious, an l wholesome. Price 3s 8d 4s, and 4s 4d. per lb. in Packets. Sold by 2,280 Agents, and in Carmarthen, by Jones, Chemist, -in Lhmelly tlY Rees,—in Swansea bv Glover, —in Haverfordwest, by Williams,-iii Tenby, by Wiilkington,-in Pembroke, by Barret,—in Pembroke-Dock, by Barrett,-in Fishguard, by Carpenter, and by Agents in every town. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS Hollowav's Pills and Ointment have the largest sale of any Medicine in the World. The Pills are the finest purifiers and regenerators o'the blood ever known. They speedily correct all dis- orders of the Liver an i Stomach, a,t- invaluable in cases of Dysentery, and as a general Family Medicine have no equal. The Ointment will cure any old wound, sore or ulcer, even of twenty years standing, and in all cases of skin diseases, however malignant, such as lepra, scurvy, itch, and ail other annoying irritations of the skin, it may be relied upon as a perfect cure, indeed for all external complaints it s'ands unri valled throughout the World. These famous re- medies can be obtained of all Patent Medicine Vendors in Siam, Pekin, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and in fact through- out the whole of China, India, and the Islands of the Orien- tal Archipelago, also in every part of Syria, Arabia, Greece, and Turkey, with copious directions atfixed to every pot or box, even in Chinese (or any other language) and at a very reasonable price. A few d'tys ago, whilst some wo' kmen were exploring the the old workings at Southdeaii colliery, Kilmarnock, they came upon the remains of three men, who are supposed to have been drowned by the flooding of the workings 150 years since. At the Mould court, on Thursday, Peers, a farmer, sued Mr. Tinley for £ 17, as compensation for damage done to bi-crops by rabbits and game, kept and preserved by the defendant at Wepre-hall, and turned out near plaintiff's fields. The jury found a verdict for the planintiff, damages, £40. At the Reading assizes, Robert Wrixon, a young surgeon, whoe father is stated to be a major in the army, was found guilty for forging and uttering a cheque for £70 on the County Bank at Abingdon, purporting to be drawn by Arthur Gladstanes. at Abingdon, on the 11th December last, and sentenced tl four rears' ppnal servitude A deputation from Birrnlfiharn headed bV Charles Sturgs, had an interview, on Friday, with American Minister, to express sympathy with the North. Mr. Bright, M.P., intro- duced Mr. Sturge, who preented an address. Mr. Adams, in reply, expressed the pleasure he derived from this spon- taneous manifpstati'H1." Mr. ltoss, a farmer in Cumberland, at the assizes in that county, has recovered £4,100 damages from the Whitehaven JUtlctioll Railway Complny for an injury he sustained from the train in which he was riding coming into violent collision with one proceeding in an opposite direction on that line, whiuh is 8ingle. At Greenock, the other day, an infant vns found suffo- cated. The mother placed thp child in bed during the after- noon, and on going to it aDout two hours aft r vards it was found dead. At the post-mortem examination of the body, a featner was fuund in the throat of the deceased, which it must have sucked from the pillow on which it had been lying. Mr. G. J. Calvert, managing partner in the late firm of Calvert and Co., ironfounders, York, was on Thursday committed for trial at the assizes under the Bankruptcy Act He is charged with having destroyed the letter book of the firm, and with having disposed of property with in- tent to diminish the sum to be paid as dividend amongst his creditors. The famous Norwich gates which attracted so much atten- tion at the International Exhibition are to be presented to the Prince of Wales, to be placed at the entrance of Sand- ringham Park. The gates have been secured and are to be paid for by a subscription in Norfolk. The Prince, through General Knollys, has intimated the pleasure he will have in accepting the gates. At Montwearmouth a servant girl, noticing a child crossing the railway as a train was approaching, went to its rescue, and succeeded in putting it aside when the train got close up; but, being bewildered and unnerved by her dan- gerous pojitiou, she had not presence of mind enough to save herself, and was struck ttle next moment by the en- gine, which was going at full speed. She died shortly after- wards. An influential meeting of the tea trade was held in Lon- don, on Friday, Mr. S. Gregson, M.P., in the chair, at which it was unanimously resolved that a reduotion of the tbe duty from Is 5d to Is. would be expedient, alike with a view to our commerce and to the comfort of the popula- tion, and that, owing to the large stock now in the United Kingdom, and the quantity known to be on the way, the present moment would be especially favourable for the change. A Mrs. Green, of Titchfield, has been compelled, by a verdict given in the Court of Exchequer, to pay .£10.5 for doctor's "stuff." She has taken, besides other medicine, 2677 draughts which had done her no good, and Baron Br<lmwell remarked, he would really recommend the de- fendant in future to buy her physic in the wood." The Chancellor of the Exchequer will bring in a bill very shortly to give to the public tne oppoituoity of buying or selling consols without the trouble and delay of effecting a transfer at the Bank of England. This is to be accomplished by 1U"ans of certificates, issued for five years, with coupons for the dividend attached, both payable to bearer. EMIGRATION'. — From the monthly return of the Govern- ment Emigration Officials at Liverpool, it appears that there sailed from that port in the regular emigration ships oi23 passengers, and in vesels not chartered und r the Act, 77-5, making a gran I total of 6303 souls. Contrasted with last m mth these figures show an increase of 1397, and 3920 over the corresponding period last year. CAUTION TO HOUSEKEEPERS. A man named William Tranmere, of StalyUri lge, has heen poisoned by oxalid acid, given in mistake for Epsom salts by his wife. The acid had been purchased by Mrs. Tranmere for taking iron stains out of linen. She incau'iously placed her husband's medirine and the poison together, and mistook the one for the other when the meùicine was required. A very horrible murder has been perpetrated in Shrop- shire. A hrm labourer, named Cooper, a wi,jo>ger, had a crippled son, a boy of eight or nine years old. He had some difficulty in keeping the Ltd, as he was not allowed to have him at the farm where he worked. To get rid of the incon- venience, he took the poor boy to Baschurch, a few miles distant, there cruelly murdered him, and buried his body in a wood. Some time since the body of Mr. Houlton, a saddler, of Bashot, was found in the Basingstoke Canal, near Alder- shot. There was little doubt the man was murdered, for there were marks of violence on be body, and his pockets inside out. But no clue has been found to the perpetrators of the deed; and the inquest having been adjourned from time to time, the jury on Friday returned a verdict of wilful murder against s Ime person or pprsons unknown. 011 Monday, at Bilston, a coroner's j .'ry returned a verdict of Wilful murder" against the colliery engineer, named John Jt>"VOIIS, who had bepn apprehpnded on the charge of causing the death of three miners, oy cu'ting the pit rope by which they w, re descending to work, ar, the coliery of wlJÍeh he was himself the ongineer. Jeavons had been previously committed for trial for wilful murder by the Magistrates at Bilston un the sarno ch.g. An important improvement in naval architecture has s itisfactorily tested. The steamer Kate has been tried at the >iSTore with a double screw—an arringement which enables her to steer hpt's.1f rapidly and easily witho t any use of the rudder, and to tUln with the greatest facility where ordinary stealers tilld the operation on of much difficulty. Snould the rudder be shot away, the screws, which are not at all exposed to the enemy's shot, would still give complete steering pouer. At last hear soiuetning (not verv much) of that Union par yin the South which Englishmen weri b ginning to think a sort of Republican Mrs H.. nes A regiment is forming at Corinth, Mississippi, of Union men who have escaped f om S lUthem "rs" iliou ill Allb ,:na and Missis- sippi,—of which six full companies are now complete. A thousand of these oppressed Unionists are now collected at Corinth, and lormi d into an I nCllllprneut. Tbe feeling .If hatred to tbe South lias bCPB fostered by the croe ties prac- tised to all siis-jei ted of Northern bias. One man (a cer- tain Peter Lewis) and two women have bel" honied down by bloodhounds-the women torll t'l pipct's. Hundreds of familie* iia" been sent out of Alallama in an utterly àestilute condition, and the exoous has resulted in this regiment of sufferers thii sting to revm ;e their wrongs. TRIUMPH OF WHITWORTH'S lÜFLES. On the 26th ult., thp trial to detrrHline which is tbe Best small bore so as to decide upon the one to be used at the National Ride Competition, terminated in favour of Mr Whitworth's, which were best both at 500 and 1,000 yards. Mr. Turner retired from the contest owing to his rest and slide being out of order, and Mr Biasel also retired. The other com- petitors stood in the following order —Whitworth 1, Par- sons 2. Baker 3. THE BRAZILIAN DIFFICULTY.—From a despatch from Earl Russell to the Brazilian Envoy, it appears that the claims of the Government for the plunder of the wreck of the Prince of Wales have been satisfied, the amount paid being £3LOO The diplomatists, however, are at issue as to what the pay- ment is for. The Brazilian Plenipotentiary contends that it is for the wreck of the vessel on the shores of Brazil; but Earl Rus-ell clearly demonstrates that it is for the plunder of the wreck and the signal failur- of justo e in discovering and punishing the supposed murderers of the crew. AN EDITOR IN DIFFICULTIES. — The Contemporano of Madrid, in the last number which has come to hand, has re- placed its first article by the following lines:—"First, at nine o'clock this morning a government a¡(ent carne and suppressed three paragraphs of our leading article. Second- ly, at half-past nine another agent came anJ prohibited six other paragraphs. Thirdly, at a quarter to ten a third al(ent called and prohibited the remainder of the article. This incident is entirely new in the annals of the press. Yet it is sai i Spain possesses a constitutional government." POISONING CASE AT BRIGHTON. WillioiIU Sturt has been committed for trial at Brighton, for toe wilful murder of MMY Ann Day, whom he is alleged to have poisoned. He was paying his addresses tl) the Woman, but there appears to have been some jealousy on his part One night they were walking OUL together, when he gave her a mince pie. After eating it, she was seized with vomiting and purging, and died in the course of a few hours. Arsenic was found in the stomach and intestines, and Professor Taylor was of opinion that the poison must have been administered in a solid form and within 24 hours of death. lr tfouverie's Bill, prohibiti ng (unless by leave of a judge) actions fdr debt iu the. superior courls where te debt claimed i i under £ 20, provldps also that the plamtlff may brin* his action in the County Court within the juris- diction of which he either re,ide" or carries on his busi- ness, if he" dwells" more than 20 mile from tbp defendant or, if the cause of action does not arise in any material point within the jurisdiction of the Court within which the defendant resides or carries on his business, the plain- tiff in such case niving security for costs not exceeding £10. NEW FASHION.—The first m°[Hber of the House of Com- mons to break the sombre monotony of the new Session in respect to dress was a quiet country gentleman, born to- wards the close of the last contury. This gentleman, of Leicestershire, has come out this session in a succession of loud" waistcoats, which have evoked the wonder of the whole House. Un the opening nig it he appeared in a tremendous scarlet vest, reaching down to his hips. In a day or two afterwards this was exchanged for a sky-blue garment of siu ilar dimensions; and on Thursday night the hon. member showed magnificent in an ample vest of apple- green. A DIFFICULTY SOLVED.—Many purchasers who have met with a difficulty in obtaining Dr. de Jongh's celebrated Light-Brown Cod Liver Oil, have naturally inquired the reason of the hostility betrayed by some chemists and druggists, exhibited sometimes even by a refusal to supply this popular medicine, or by disparaging remarks and efforts to recommend or substitute a pale, yellow, or some other variety, offered at a lower price, or represented to be of superior quality or equally efficacious. A ready and obvious explanation of this system of opposition, is the well-established fact, that one bottle of Dr. de Jongh's Oil is often sufficient to effect a cure of the malady for which it is prescribed, to relieve pain and restore strength whereas the ordinary oils supplied are so slow and inactive in their effects, that larKe aud sometimes fabulous quantitle8 of these are required before any pe ceptible benefit is derived, and not unfrequently the suffering invalid is en'irely dis- appointed in the anticipated result. On this subject. Dr, liauks, a medical wan iu large practice in Loudon, ob- serves. Patients who have persisted for several months iu the use of the Pale Cod Liver Oil, with scarcely any perceptible improvement, have, after a brief trial of Dr. de Jongh's Light-Brown Cod Liver Oil, acquired su"h fatness, and those distressing symptoms accompanying emaciation have so rapidly subsided, that I have been induced to advise the substitution of Dr. de Jongh's Light-Brown Cod Liver for the Oil."