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..LITERARY NOTICES. I
LITERARY NOTICES. THE LETTERS AND WORKS OF LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. Edited by her Great Gra ndso n, Lord Wharncliffe: Third Edition, with Additions and Corrections derived from the Original Manuscripts, Illustrated Notes, and a new Memoir. By W. Moy Thomas. In two volumes. H. G. Bohn, York-street, Covent Garden, London. THESE two volumes comprise the whole of Lord Wharn- cliffe's edition of the works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, published in 1837, except the memoir written by Mr. Dallaway, which contained so many mis-concep- tions and errors as to exclude it from this edition. Mr. Thomas has, however, supplied its place by a memoir which remedies some defects in the Introductory Anec- dotes contributed by the late Lady Louisa Stuart, who only lightly touches some points of interest in Lady Mon- tagu's life. Mr. Thomas, in his memoir, minutely investigates the charges preferred against Lady Mary by Pope and Horace Walpole, to which we shall presently refer. In the process of revision he has introduced fresh matter, and removed much that was false and worthless. He has carefully compared the letters with their originals, and they are now for the first time faithfully printed. In the former editions they were tampered with in a most unjustifiable manner. Single letters were composed of several letters, or made up from passages of letters written at different periods. Exact dates were affixed which were manifestly incorrect, or, if correct, were not in the originals. Passages were continually omitted and names inserted without warning to the reader; and numberless minute alterations were introduced, ap- parently with no object but to improve the language of the letters in conformity with the editor's taste. The Turkish Letters are now printed from the manuscript, in Lady Montagu's handwriting, given to Mr. Sowden, which varies in numberless instances from the published version. Mr. Thomas, than whom a better editor could not have been found, has thus prepared an accurate and complete edition of the letters and works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, which Mr. Bohn, the enter- prising publisher, issues in his handsomely printed Gentlemen's Library." Lady Mary was born in 1689. She was the daughter of Evelyn Peirpoint, Esq., afterwards Marquis of Dor- chester and Duke of Kingston. He was thoughtless and fond of pleasure, but took a busy part in the politics of the stirring times in which he lived, and was a conspicuous man in the reigns of Queen Ann and George the First. Her mother, Lady Mary Fielding, died in 1692, and thus at three years of age she was left under the protection of her thoughtless father, who she says entrusted the training of his children too much to subordinates, and she was herself left to the care of an old governess, who, though perfectly good and pious, wanted capacity" for her task. It does not appear that her father determined to give her an education beyond what was generally thought suf- ficient for the daughter of a nobleman in those days; but her love of reading, and the well furnished library in her father's house, quickly supplied the defects of her instructor. She greedily devoured works of fiction and entertainment, the old courtly romances then in fashion, and some old stories in her own handwriting are still preserved. She was not, however, satisfied with these studies; and, she tells us, that by the help of an un- common memory and indefatigable labour" she taught herself Latin. She probably had some assistance from ¡ Mr. Wm. Fielding, her mother's brother, a man of I parts, who encouraged her pursuit of knowledge; and also from Bishop Burnet, to whom she expressed her obligation for condescending to direct the studies of a girl." Although her father did not interest himself in her masculine studies, he took care that in one part of a lady's education she should not be deficient. Lord Dorchester, having no wife to do the honours of his table at Thoresby, imposed that task upon his eldest daughter, as soon as she had bodily strength for the office: which in those days required no small share. For the mistress of a country mansion was not only to invite-that is, urge and tease-her company to eat more thin human throats could conveniently swallow, but to carre every dish, when chosen, with her own bands. The greater the lady, the more indispensable the duty. Each joint was carried up in its turn, to be operated upon by her, and her alone since the peers and knights on either hand were so far from being bound to offer their assistance, that the very master of the house, posted opposite to her, might not act as her croupier; his department was to p;ish the bottle after dinner. Aa for the crowd of guests, the most inconsiderable among them-the curate, or subaltern, or squire's younger brother-if suffering through her neglect to help himself to a slice of the mutton placed before him, w^uld have chewed it in bitterness, and gone home an affronted man, half inclined to give a wrong vote at the next election. There were then professed carving-masters, who taught young ladies the art scientifically from one of whom Lady Mary laid she took lessons three times a week, that she might be perfect on her father's public days when, in order to per- form her functions without interruption, she was forced to eat her own dinner alone an hour or two beforehand. Her literary accomplishments led to an intimacy with Mr. Wortley, when she was in her fourteenth year. They met at a party given by a friend of Lady Mary's, a woman much older than herself, to whom he was supposed to be paying his addresses. He was struck by her criticisms on a new play and with her general con- versation. The interest he took in her ripened into friendship, and led to that strange courtship and mar- riage recorded in her letters. Mr. Wortley had two sisters, who became friends and correspondents of Lady Mary. Of these Anne was the favourite. She was a kind-hearted, generous girl, but by no means clever; still, she wrote wonderful letters to Lady *Mary, for they were generally composed by her brother, and the drafts of them are preserved. This fact could not have been unknown to her, for she occasionally received a note from her friend, which in style and matter was ridiculously unlike the more laboured composition of the brother's dictation. She, however, affected to see nothing in all this, or in all the compliments to her wit and beauty, but female friendship. By-and-by camo jealous allusions to somebody who had escorted Lady Mary to the races at Nottingham. What could her friend mean ? After giving me imaginary wit and beauty, you give me imaginary passions, and you tell me I m in love: if I am, 'tis a perfect sin of ignorance, for I don t so much as know the man's name. Pray tell me the name of him I love, that I may (according to the laud- able custom of lovers) sigh to the woods and groves. Let me know whether 'tis proper to walk in the woods, increasing the winds with my sighs, or to sit by a purling stream, swelling the rivulet with my tears." The challenge was accepted; and in her next letter Anne names the person who had excited the jealousy of her brother and Lady Mary then told her the greatest secret of her life." To be capable," she says, of preferring the despicable wretch you mention to Mr. Wortley, is as ridiculous, If not as criminal, as forsaking the Deity to worship a calf. My tenderness is always built upon my esteem, and when the foundation perishes, it falls." This of course was to be a secret, but Mr. Wortley read the letter, as it was intended he should. Soon afterwards Anne died, and a direct cor- respondence commenced between the lovers. Mr. Wort- ley doubtless had peculiar attractions in her eyes. Ho was a man of learning, a friend and associate of the most eminent literary men of his day; he had travelled in company with his friend Addison in countries which were very early the subject of her dream. For a knowledge of those classic authors, which at this time were her passion, he enjoyed a reputation among the best scholars. It is probable that he contributed papers to the To tier or Spectator. He represented various places in Parliament, was a rigid Whig, and possessed a handsome personal appearance. Her letters to him are ualike what a lady of twenty might be expected to write to her lover. There is in them a curious inter- mixture of plain speaking and sober discussion of their position and prospects in life. Thus matters went on until Lady Mary was in her twenty-fourth year. They were perpetually on the point of breaking altogether; he felt and knew that they suited each other very ill; lie saw, or thought he saw his rivals encouraged if not preferred; he was more affronted than satisfied with her assurance of a sober esteem and regard; and yet every struggle to get free did but end wheit set out. At last he resolved to marry her, but a difficulty arose about the settlement and caused some delay. Her father had chosen for Lady Mary a Mr. K., who had offered to make such settlements and provisions as were demanded, but she speaks of him as a man whom she hates. The father determined the marriage should proceed, and Mr. Wortley continued obstinate, but still resolved not to lose his chance. He made proposals for a secret mar- riage, and at length they eloped and were married in August, 1712. ilir. Wortley did not treat his wife with the affection- ate attention which her sacrifices for him required although Mr. Thomas says that the complaints of neglect have no other foundation than in the fond anxiety of his young wife. She lived secluded in the country, while he was away seeking place in Parlia- 1 mont and enjoying the society of literarv men in Ijondon. Her letters to him show that she was a thrifty housewife. They are made up of the details of h t domestic economy, homely accounts of the price of butcher's meat, sensible reports of her bargains for the line of kitchen utensils, and her prudent arrange- ments for saving the keep of a horse. Their son Edward was born in the year succeeding their marriage, and thenceforth her child is the constant subject of her 1 tters.. t d b In 1716 Mr. Wortley was appointed ambassador to to the Porte, and his wife accompanied him, takmg hur child with her. It was during her absence from Eng- land at this time that her Turkish Letters were written. They were addressed to a great number of persons- to her sister Lady Marr, to the Abbe Conti, to Pope, an,1 others. These arc among the more interesting let rs of Lady Mary, who wrote to her sister and some of tltl; ladies of the English court, describing the places visited by her, the manners and customs of the people, an 1 on topics of a similar character. Her letters to Tope are natural and unaffected, and such as a literary woman would be expected to write. They refer to the plar'ots through which she travelled, to the pleasures she derived from reading his version of Homer, and to some Turkish -verses which wonderfully resemble the Song of Solomon. A striking contrast to the letters which Pope sent to her, in which he says After having dreamed of you several nights, besides a hundred reveries by day, I find it necessary to relieve myself by writing." I prodigiously long for your sonnets, your remarks, your Oriental learning; but I long for nothing so much as your Oriental self. Without offence to your modesty, be it spoken, I have a burning desire to see your soul stark naked, for I am confident it is the prettiest kind of white soul in existence." Dear madam, I am for ever yours, and your slave's slave and servant." These are the sort of materials which compose his letters, and at a later period he had the baseness to use them in defaming the character of Lady Mary. We shall not enter upon the charges made against her by Pope and Horace Walpolo further than in stating that they have no. foundation whatever, and that Mr. Thomas has vindi- cated her reputation, and proved beyond doubt that the accusations arc false. The friendship with Pope, conspicuous in the letters written during the embassy, is an unfortunate episode in the life of Lady Mary. All the stories which have gained credence, to the injury of her reputatiou, are probably due to his subsequent quarrel with her, the hatred and un scrupulousness with which he pursued her, and his fatal, power of circulating scandalous insinuations. It is certain • that the tenor of her life up to the period of her quarrel with Pope, was wholly unlike that career of profligacy which has been popularly attributed to her since the publica- tion of Pope's Satires and the Letters of Horace Walpole— who, it must bo remembered, wrote after Pope's celebrated attacks; and it is no less certain that, on a careful investiga- tion, not one of the charges brought against her will be found to rest on any evidence. Her childhood was passed in a patient and industrious course of self-culture, which was rare, indeed, in that age of female frivolity and ignor- ance. Notwithstanding the temptations of remarkable beauty, her inclination appears at aU times to have been towards a life of study and retirement rather than to one of gaiety or idleness. Although her father occupied a position of the highest influence in the political world, and her hus- band's importance among his party was very considerable, she docs not appear ever to have soaght one of those places about the Court which were the object of the hopes and ambition of young ladies of her ago and station. As a wife and mother, her letters show her homely, frugal, cheerful, and affectionate. When her husband accepted bis post of ambassador to Turkey, she decided to accompany him, taking with her her child, with whom she traversed the uncivilised countries of Eastern Europe, in the midst of a sanguinary war. When abroad, her activo mind found employment in a large correspondence with her friends, in recording in her Diary the customs of the countries through which she passed, in the study of the Turkish language and literature, or in obtaining information as to the practice of inoculation, which she afterwards introduced into England with so great success—pursuits in which the frivolous and the luxurious take no delight. It is not easy to believe that this woman dropped suddenly into a degraded and shame- less way of life as Pope and Walpole, and those who have adopted their statements, have asserted. But we are not left to infer the truth from such considerations. Where the charges against her are distinct, the means of testing them are not wanting. In 1739 Lady Mary, tired of English life, left her husband and connexions to reside on the continent, and did not return for more than twenty years. It is possible that the publicity which the attack of Pope and others, whom she had offended by her unfor- tunate talent for satire, led to her retirement, and that after a few years absence a return to that society by which she was almost forgotten bccame more and more distasteful to her. Whatever the cause of the separation there is abundant evidence in the cor- respondence that it was one which she might have openly avowed without shame. Besides repeated censures upon the ill conduct of others, which it would be impossible to imagine could be written to a husband by a woman whose own wrong-doing had condemned her. as has been insinuated, to a lifelong banishment, there are frequently direct references to her own pro- priety of conduct and faithful discharge of her duties as a mother and a wife. In one letter to Mr. Wortley she writes, with reference to Lady Bute, I may say with truth that, as even from her infancy I have made her a companion and witness of my actions, she owes me not only the regard due to a parent, but the esteem that ought to be paid to a blameless con- duct.' That their separation was never regarded by Lady Mary as necessarily final, is equally evident. The history of her life in Italy is given in hor letters, which occupy a large portion of the second volume. The greater part of it was spent at Lovero, where she found content and occupation in daily attention to her garden, her dairy, her needlework, and the small farm, in which she produced large quantities of silk. A glimpse at her continental home is obtained from a letter to her daughter, the Countess of Bute, to whom she writes— I have been these six week- and still am, at my dairy- house, which joins to my garden. I believe I have already told you it is a long mile from the castle, which is situate in the midst of a very large village, once a considerable town, part of the walls still remaining, and has not vacant ground enough about it to make a garden, which is my greatest amusement, it being now troublesome to walk, or oven o in the chaise till the evening. I have fitted up in this farm- house a roow for myself-that is to say, strewed the floor With rushes, covered the chimney wi'h moss and branches, and adorned the room with basins of earthenware (which is made here to great perfection) filled with flowers, and put in some straw chairs, and a couch bed, which is my whole furniture. This spot of ground is so beautiful, I am afraid you will scarce credit the description, which, however, I can assure you, shall be very literal, without any embellishment from imagination. It is on a bnuk, forming a kind of penin- sula, raised from the river Oglio fifty feet, to which you may descend by easy stairs cut in the turf, and either take the air on the river, which is as large as the Thames at Richmond, or by walking [in) an avenue t"o hundred yards on the side of it, you find a wood of a hundred acres, which was already cnt intI) walks and ridings when I took it. I bave only added fifteen bowers in difJernt views, with scats of turf. They were easily there being a large quan- tity of underwood, and « great number of wild vines, which twist to the top of the highest trees, and from which they make a very good sort of wine they call brusco. I am now wriIing to you in one of these arbours, which is 80 thickly shaded, the slln i8 not tNub!c8ome, even at noon. Another is on the side of the river, where I ha1'e made a camp kit, chen, that I may take the fish, dress, and eat it immediately, and at the same time see the barks, which ascend or descend every day to or from Mantua, Guastalla, or Pont de Vie, all considerable towns. This little wood is carpeted, in 1 their succeeding seasons, with violents and strawberries, inhabited by a nation of nightingales, and filled with game of all kinds, excepting deer an 1 wild boar, the first being unknown here, and not being large enough for the other. My garden was a plain vineyard when it came into my hands not two years ago, and it is, with a small expense, turned into a garden that (apart from the advantage of the climate) I like better than that of Kensington. The Italian vineyards are not planted like those of France, but in clumps fastened to trees planted in equal ranks (commonly fruit-trees), and continued festoons from one to another, which I have turned into covered galleries of shade, that I can walk in the heat without being incommoded by it. I have made a dining-room of verdure, capable of holding a table of twenty covers the whole ground is three hundred and seventeen feet in length, anJ two hundred in breadth. You see it is far from large but so prettily disposed (though I say it), that I never saw a more agreeable rustic garden, abounding with all sort of fruit, and producing a variety of wines. I would send you a piece [sic] if I did not fear the customs would make you pay too dear for it. I believe my description gives but an imperfect idea of my garden. Per- haps I shall succeed better in describing my manner of life, which is as regular as that of any monastery. I generally rise at six, and as soon as I have breakfasted, put myself at the head of my weedev [sic] women and work with them till nine. I then inspect my dairy, and take a turn among my poultry, which is a very large inquiry. I have, at present, two hundred chickens, berries turkeys, geese, duck', and peacocks. All things have hitherto prospered under my care my becs and silkworms are doubled, and I am told that, without accidents, my capital will be so in two years' time. At eleven o'clock I retire to my books I dilre not indulge myself in that pleasure above an hour. At twelve I constantly dine, and sleep after dinner till about three. I then send for some of my old priests, and either play at piquet or whist, till 'tis cool enough to go out. One evening I walk in my wood, where I often sup, take the air on hotseback the next, and go on the water the third. The fishery of this part of the ri rer belongs to me; and my fisherman s littlc boat (where I have a green lutestring awn- ing) serves me for a barge. He and his son are my rowers without any expense, he being very .veil paid by the profit of the fish, which I give him on condition of having every day one dish for my table. Here is plenty of every sort of [ fresh-water fish (except salmon) but we have a large trout so like it, that I, that have almost forgotten the taste, do not distinguish it. We are both placed properly in regard to our different time. of life; you amidst the fair, the gallant, and the gay; I in a retreat, where I enjoy every amusement that solitude can aff.)r 1. I confess I sometimes wish for a little conversa- tion but I reflect that the commerce of the wo'id gives I' marc uneasiness than pleasure, and quiet is all the hope that can reasonably be indulged at my age. My letter is of an unconscionable length I should ask your pardon for it, but I had a mind to give you an idea of my passing my time,—take it as an instince of the affection of, dear child. Wo could quote pages from these letters illustrative of her life and temper, of her concern for her husband and children, of her highly cultivated intellect and sound criticisms, but we must contcnt ourselves with the following remarks on education, addressed to the Countess of Bute— You have given me a great deal of satisfaction by your account of your eldest daughter. I am particularly pleased to hear she is a good arithmetician it is the best proof of understanding the knowledge of numbers is one of the chief distinctions between us and tho brutes. If there is anything in blood, you may reasonably expect your children shouH be endowed with an uncommon share ofg?od sense. Mr. Wortley family and mine ha?e both produced some of the greatest men that have been born in England I mean Admiral Sandwich, and my grandfather, who was distin- guished by the name of Wise William. I hive heard Lord Bute's father mentioned as au extraordinary genius, though he had not many opportunities of showing it; and his uncle, the present Duke of Argyll, has one of the best heads I ever knew. I will therefore speak to you as supposing Lady Mary nut ouly capable, but desirous of learning in that ciee by all means let her be indulged in it. You will tell me I did not make it a part of your education your pros- prot was very different from hers. As you had no defect either in mind or person to hinder, and much in your cir- cumstances to attract, the highest offers, it seemed your business to learn how to live in the world, as it is hers to know how to be easy out uf it. It is the common error of builders and parents to follow some plan they think beautiful (and perhaps is so), without considering that no- thing is beautiful that is displaced. Hence we see so many ediSces raised that the raisers can never inhabit, being too large for their fortunes. Vistas are laid open over barren iheaths, and apartments contrived for a coolness very agreeable in Italy, but killing in the north of Britain thus every woman endeavours to breed her daughter a fine lady, qualifying her for a station in which she will never appear and at the same time incapacitating her for that retirement to which she is destined. Learning, if she has a real tiste for it, will not only make her contented, but happy in it. No entertainment is so cheap as reading, nor any pleasure so lasting. She will not want new fashions, nor regret the loss of expensive diversions, or variety of company, if sho can be amused with an author in her closet. To render this amusement extensive, she should be permitted to learn the languages. I have heard it lamented that boys lose so many years in mere learning words this is no objection to a girl. whose time is not so precious she cannot advance herself in any profession, andThas therefore more hours to spare; and as you say her memory is good, she will be very agree- ably employed this way. There are two cautions to be given on this subject: first not to think herself learned when she can read Latin, or even Greek. Languages are more properly to be called vehicles of learning than learning itself, as may be observed in many schoolmasters, who, though perhaps critics in grammar, are the most ignorant fellows upon earth. True knowledge consists in knowing things, not words. I would wish her no further a linguist than to enable her to read books in their originals, that are often corrupted, and always injured, by translations. Two hours' application every morning will bring this about much sooner than you can imagine, and she will have lei- sure enough besides to run over the English poetry, which is a more important part of a woman's education than it is generally supposed. Many a young damsel has been ruined by a fine copy of verses, which she would have laughed at if she had known it bad been stolen from Mr. Waller. I remember, when I was a girl, I saved one of my companies ( from destruction, who communicated to me an epistle she was quite charmed with. As she had a natural good taste, she observed the lines were not so smooth as Prior's or Pope's, but had more thought and spirit than any of theirs. She was wonderfully delighted with such a demonstration of her lover's sense and passion, and not a little pleased with her own charms, that had force enough to inspire such el", gancies. In the midst of this triumph I showed her that they were taken from Randolph's poems, and the utifor- tunate transcriber was dismissed with the scorn he deserved, To say truth, the poor plagiary was very unlucky to fall into my hands thu author, being no longer in fashion, would have escaped any one of less universal reading than Myself. You should encourage your daughter to talk over with you what she reads; and, as you are very capable of distinguishing, take care she does not mistake pert folly for wit and humour, or rhyme for poetry, which aro the Common errors of young people, and have a train of ill consequences. The second caution to be given her (and which is most absolutely neccssury) is to conceal whatever learning she attains, with as much solicitude as she would lide crookedness or lameness the parade of it can only serve do draw on her the envy, and consequently the most inveterate hatred, of all he and she fools, which will cci tainly he at least three parts in four of all her acquaintance. The use of knowledge in our sex, besides the amusement of solitude, is to moderate th. passions, and leirit to be contented with a small expense, which are the certain effects of a studious life and it may be preferable even to that fame which men have engrossed to tikeinsel-es, and will not suffer us to share. You will tell me I have not observed this rule my- self but you are mistaken it is only inevitable accident that has given me any reputation that way. I have always carefully avoided it, and ever thought it a misfortune. The explanation of this paragraph would occasion a long digression, which I will not trouble you with, it being my present design only to say what I think useful for the in- struction of my granddaughter, which I have much at heart. If she has the same inclination (I should say passion) for learning that I was born with, history, geography, and philosophy will furnish her with materials ti pass away cheerfully a longer life than is allotted to mortals. I believe there are few heads capable of making Sir 1. New- ton's calculations, but the result of them ii not difficult to be understood by a moderate capacity. Do not fear this should make her affect the character of La(ly-, or Lady or Mrs. those women are ridiculous, not because they have learning, but because they have it not. One thinks herself a complete historian, after reading Ealiard's ltotnan History; another a profound philosopher, having got by heart some of Pope's uniyitelligihle pii;iys and a third an able divine, on the strength at Whitefield's sermons: thus you hear them screaming politics and con- troversy. It is a saying of Thueydides, ignorance is bold, and know- ledge reserved. Indeed, it is impossible to be far advanced in it without being more humbled by a conviction of human ignorance, than elated by learning. At the same time 1 re- cornmend books, I neither exclude work nor drawing. I think it as scandalous for a woman not to know how to use a needle, as for a man not to know how to use a sword. I was once extremely fond of my pencil, and it was a great mortification to me when my father turned off my master, ha-iig made a considerable progress for the short time I learnt. My over-eag<raess in the pursuit of it had brought, a weakness in my eyes that made it necessary to leave it off; and all the advantage I got was the improvement of my hand. I see, by hers, that practice will make her a ready wricer: she may attain it by serving you for a secretary, when your health or affairs make it troublesome to you to write yourself; and custom will make it an agreeable amusement to her. She cannot have too many for that station of life which will probably be her fate. The ulti- mate end of your education was to make you a good wife (and I have the comfort to hear that you are one) hers ought to be to make her happy in a virgin state. I will not say it is happier; but it is undoubtedly safer than any marriage. Her life was embittered by the misconduct of her son, whose persecutions followed her even in her distant re- treat. She was in Venice in 1761, when the news reached her of her husband's death, and she writes upon the subject in sorrow too deep to have been feigned. She was now upwards of seventy years of age, and in ill health; but at the solicitation of her daughter she re- turned to England, whore she died in 1762. THE LIFE OF NELso. By Robert Southoy. New edition, with additional notes and plates, and a a general index. H. G. Bohn, York-street, Covent Garden. MR. BOHN has recently added to his Illustrated Li- brary" Sontheif s Life of Nelson, a book known wherever the English language is read. It has been read with breathless interest by thousands of British youths, who have learnt from its pages how to admire the heroism and bravery of England's greatest sailor, and many of them have been led to emulate his great achievements. The book has an enduring fame; and this handsome illustrated edition is most acceptable, and should be put into the hands of every young sailor, that he might carry it about with him till he has treasured up the example in his memory and in his heart."
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A young man named William Neill, in the employment of ] a Glasgow engineering firm, was at work with a sharp iron tool against some revolving machinery, on Wednesday week, when, by a sudden jerk, the iron was thrust into his body", and produced three different wounds. He has since died. An offer has been made by a poetic Frenchman to arrange the whole of the catalogue of the International Exhibition of 18G2 in rhyme. Ho thinks that in this style it will be much more attractive to the general reader. The offer has been declined with thanks, but the poet conceives himself to b3 an injured man, and in a subsequent com- munication, has endeavoured to induce the commissioners to reconsider their decision, and, like sensible and practical men of business, to disregard the prosaic foim, and have a catalogue done in poetry. The metropolis continues in a healthy state. The mortality for last week is less by 60 than it was for the corresponding week on the average of the last ten years, even after allowing for the epidemics that have swept over London during that period. The birth rate is also on the increase. From the quarterly return on the sanitary condition of the City by Dr. Letheby we learn that the mortality within the walls has been con- siderably below the average all through the quarter. The Central Criminal Court had some important business before it on Wednesday. In the principal court Colucci, the Italian artist, was tried before the Chief Baron on the charge of keeping back a lady's j letters, for the giving up of which he had demanded and received C2000. The examination of the lady excited a good deal of interest, and not a little amuse- ment. The defence of the prisoner was that he never promised to give up the letters, and that he received the £ 2000 in consideration of agreeing to put an end to an engagement of marriage. The jury, however, believed the lady's statement, and found him guilty, and the judge sentenced him to penal servitude for three years. In the New Court, Pullen, the Post-office clerk, pleaded guilty to stealing 1400 of the letters he was entrusted to deliver. The sentence in his case was deferred. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland has taken a holiday from his vice-regal duties, to spend a few days on his Yorkshire estates. His old constituents at Leeds pressed him into their service on Monday to open some local benevolent institutions, where his lordship dis- played that amenity and genial eloquence which gives him so much popularity. On the evening of the same day a much more important addross was delivered by Lord Stanley, at a meeting of the Leeds Mechanics' Institute, where his lordship took a statesman's survey of the whole ground of our popular education—its de- fects and its remedies. Among the many important features of this comprehensive address we may notic e that Lord Stanloy pronounces in favour of the princi plo of the new minute on education.
FAIRS IN OCTOBER.
FAIRS IN OCTOBER. CAitMAETHEXSitiKE.—Abergwilly, 2, 28 Brechfa, 3, 28; Carmarthen, 9; Cross Inn, near Llandcbie, 10: Cynwil Gaio, 6; Kidwelly, 29; Llanddcusant, 10; Llandovery, 22 Llanfihangel Yeroth, 10 Llangadock, 22 Llangcnoch, 23; Llansadwrn, 29; Liansawel, 2.3; Ncwcastlo-Emlyn, is Pencarreg, 11 Porthyrhyd, 21 St. Clears, 12; Tavernspite, 19. CAKDIGANSHIUI:.—Capel Cynon, 22; Lampeter, If1; Llanarth, 27; Lledrod, 7 New Quay, 4 Pontrhyd- lendigaid, 1(>, 27; Tregaron, 12. PEMJUIOKENHIKE.—Fishguard, 8; Haverfordwest, 18 Llawhadon, 29; Maenclochog, 27; Mathry, 10; Nar- herth, 26 Newport, 16 Pembroke, 10; Tenby, 2. BHECONSHIKE.—Builth, 2 Hay, 10; Trecastle, 14. GLAMORGANSHIRE. — Abcravon, 7 Aubrey Arms, near Cowbridge, 14 Caerffili, 9; Llantrisant, 29; Loughor, 10; Neath, 30; Penryn, 8; Swansea, 8 Wacu, 21 0..
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The King of Prussia was crowned on Friday last, amidst much pomp and ceremony, at Konigsborg. MADRID, Monday. The Infanta Donna Maria do la Conception died to- day. It is expected that the majority of the members of the Cortes will remain favorable to the Ministry. A secret printing press has been seized in this city. o CIIACOW, Tuesday. The agitation in Warsaw is increasing. The authori- ties have taken still more rigorous measures for the maintenance of order. The misunderstanding between the Porte and the Ser- vians is as far from adjustment as ever. The mission of Prince Garaschanin to Constantinople was unsuccessful, owing, it would appear, to his persistence in urging a full compliance with all the demands of the Servians. The Nord discusses at some length the strong desire for union now animating Germany, a desire which has become a real power. In spite of the opposition with which the movement was at first received it has assumed an importance which forces the various governments to recognisc it. Even at Vienna it has been understood that the movement must not be disregarded, and means have been sought for which may limit its expansion and weaken its destructive force. One of the most fertile statesmen of Germany, M. Beust, has, it is said, taken the initiative in Federal reform, and will propose at Frankfort a plan of organization for the central power which will constitute the Confederation a simple alliance of German Powers. The Kord does not promise any success to this scheme. As for Prussia she adopts a laisser fairc policy. The impatience of some and the mistakes of others will eventually turn to its profit, but in the meanwhile circumspection is necessary. Tho agitation for the German fleet the Nord regards as a movement for advancing the maritime power of Prussia. Hanover endoavours to place the defence of the German shores in the hands of the Diet of Frankfort, being more menaced than any other German Power by the Prussian supremacy. A letter from Turin says:—" M. Benedetti, returned home on the 17th instant. The news from Paris res- pecting the Roman question is not very consolatory. The emperor cannot take any definitive resolve. He looks for a solution from time and the pressure of public opinion. He manifests the most lively sympathy with the Italian cause, but he cannot face the embarrassments created for him by the Catholic party. He reckons on the financial difficulties of the Court of Rome. This is nearly the substance of the news M. Benodetti brings from Paris. The vexation felt by the Emperor at the continuance of Baron Rieasoli as Minister of Foreign Affairs cannot be avowed. The substitution in the place of him of a more pliable minister dares not be demanded. Signor Ratazzi has left for Paris with a letter from the King for the Emperor. He has no official mission from the government. The King addresses Napoleon III. in order to soothe away the difficulties created by the pre- sence of Ricasoli in the Foreign Office, and to ascertain, if possible, the real thoughts of his Imperial Ma- jesty. Signor Ratazzi is a very subtle-minded gentle- man, polished, even honeyed in his manners, and an intimate friend of Victor Emmanuel. He will after- wards pay a short visit to the Rhine, in order to cut short the gossiping of certain journals which accuse him of intriguing to effect an entrance into the Ministry, and to hasten the fall of Ricasoli. For my own part, I believe in the approaching coalition of those two poli- ticians. Prussia recoils from the recognition of the kingdom of Italy. M. Brassier de Saint Simon, Prussian Ambassador hero, avows with regret that his govern- ment is not sufficiently convinced of the possibility and reality of a united and independent Italy, and that it does not wish to enter into any engagement in the face of possible events. This is said to have been the definite reply of King William to the Emperor at Compiegnc. Hopes arc entertained, however, of overcoming this stiffness, which is rather personal to the present Minister of Foreign Affairs of Prussia, who cannot forget his former attachment to the Bourbons, whom he officially represented at London during the suspension of diplomatic relations between the courts of Naples and St. James.
j. - THE WAR IN AMERICA. I
j. THE WAR IN AMERICA. I NEW YOJIK, Oct. 8. The exact position of General Price's army in Missouri, is not known, but it is reported that he has retreated into Arkansas. 4 I A despatch from St. Louis states that General Fre- mont had left. Jefferson City in pursuit of Price, and would, if necessary, enter Arkansas. General M'Culloch is said to be endeavouring to cut off General Fremont's communication with St. Louis, and to intend marching upon that city. General Wool has returned to Fortress Monroe. Federal reinforcements have been sent to Hatteras Inlet. Colonel Rankin has been arrested at Toronto for en- deavouring to enlist men for the Federal army. The Edinburgh, Niagara, and Norwegian have arrived out. OCT. 9. General Rosencranz has forwarded despatches to Washington, assuring the Federal Government that he will be able to sustain himself against the combined forces of Generals Lee and Floyd. A Cairo despatch states that there arc 40,000 Con- federates at Columbus, Kentucky. It is reported that President Jefferson Davis has returned to Richmond from Manassas in very feeble health. General M'Clellan has reviewed 6,000 cavalry and 20 batteries of artillery at Washington. NEW YOltK, Oct. 11. (Per Bohemian via Londonderry.) Commander Chauncey has arrived at Washington, from Hatteras Inlet. He reports that on Monday last, the 7th inst., a Confederate expedition, consisting of six steamers and 3000 men, endeavoured to recapture the forts, but without success. Three of the attacking steamers were sunk, with all on board. The loss of the Confederates is estimated 700 men, but this is denied by some journals. -The Bank of Washington refuses to take the Trea- sury notes. Louisville, near Washington, has been occupied by Federal troops. t Recent investigations show that the Confederate forti- fications at Acquia Creek consist of three batteries, mounting twenty guns, which are designed to defend the terminus of the Great Southern Railroad. The steamers Asia and Glasgow have arrived out. NEW YORK, Oct. 12. Now Orleans is now effectually blockaded. The Federals are constructing fortifications at Head Passes. Further successes have been obtained by the Federals in Western Virginia. The Federals are slowly advancing on the Potomac, while the Confederates are retiring. A large naval expedition, consisting of 20 ships, left for the Southern States this afternoon. Its destination is unknown. NEW YORK, Oct. 12 (Per Edinburgh, via Queenstown.) No Confederate force is visible within six miles of Louisville. The Confederates in Western Virginia are being fur- ther driven back. A strong body of Confederates has crossed from the mainland and attacked the Federal camp near Hatteras Inlet. The Federals retreated, carrying away their tents and provisions, and leaving 50 prisoners. The Federal steamers Monticello and Susquohannah afterwards Arrived with assistance, and shelled the Con- federates who had landed, forcing thorn to return to their steamers with heavy loss. Two of tho Confederate vessels were sunk. The Governor of Louisiana has forbidden the entry of cotton into New Orleans, whether coming by steamer or railroad. It is reported here from Missouri that General Price will await General ill'Culloch's forces, before marching on Jefferson City. The New York press generally discredit the report that the Federal Government has acquiesced in the Mexican intervention. The World believes that the Government would not consent to proceedings which might eventually embroil America with the Allied Powers. The American Polar expedition arrived at Halifax on the 9th instant. They were not enabled to penetrate through Smith's Straits either this summer or last, on account of the heavy ice. By means of dog-sledges, however; they succeeded in penetrating as far as latitude 81 degrees 3o minutes on the west side of Kennedy Channel. Advices have been received from Havannah to the 5th instant. It was reported that General Serrano left for Spam on the 20th September. General Prim was on his way to Cuba, to assume the Captain Generalship of that island. He would command the Spanish expedition iiast Mexico. The Bavaria has arrived out.
LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO CAPE…
LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO CAPE RACE. NEW YORK, OCT. 15, EVENING. The latest reports from Norfolk announce that tho Confederate fleet of gun boats had attacked the blockad- ing squadron at New Orleans, and after a sharp fight had sunk one Federal vessel and driven the rest ashore. The Richmond papers state that the steamer Noshville, with Messrs. Maron and Slidell, the Confederate com- missioners to Engl and and France, on board, ran the blockade at Charleston on the 12th inst. The special correspondent of The Times, once more well-settled at Washington, has forwarded homo som* extremely interesting views of men and things, in a long letter dated October 7. We extract some passages touching vital points in the great contest now raging beyond the Atlantic. A year ago we believed, on the faith 'of what we were told, that the United States possessed the greatest and, above all, the cheapest military organisation in the world. A million of armed men could be called lorth in a moment by a simple decree of Congress on a national emergency. But we now see that a military organisation may be very large without being great, and very economical. Efficiency and certainty of action are the tests of the strength of that which is the impersona- tion of the force of nations, and in proportion to the numbers of the mass possessed of such qualities is its power. Now, the Northern States have a population quite capable of yielding- a force of a million of men, without any remarkable pressure. But, though they have twice as many inhabitants as the Slave States, it is, to my mind, very doubtful whether there are at this moment as many men arrayed to fight for the Union as there are fighting against it. Human nature requires something more solid than abstractions to depend upon, and, after all that can be said about the beauties and advantages of the Union the idea of it is an abstraction compared to the actual materialism of the independence of the tenure of peculiar property, of the free trade and freedom from heavy tariffs, for which the Confederates arc contending. "Uncle Sam" is more tangible than the Union. He is a paymaster general, and his rates of pay are high, but he does not succeed in getting what he needs except for his sea service, which is fed by the commercial marine, now in a state of depression, except the transport trade and the chartered fleets. It is very possible my computations and estimate 6tre erroneous, but I am very much disposed to question whether, at the present moment, there are 350,000 men in the mili- tary service of the Federalist goverment. I am, how- ever, equally prepared to admit that they will soon reach a figure not far short of that voted by Congress for I believe, from what I have recently seen and heard, that there is a war feeling among the people of Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, stimulated by lavish expenditure and founded on na- tional sentiment, that will speedily furnish that and even a larger number of men, strong and physically capable of soldiering, however deficient many of them may be in the spirit of obedience and discipline. There is one thing which to any person accustomed to see regular troops is most striking. There is an utter want of what our officers call smartness" about tho American citizen soldiery—that indefinable something which makes a man button his coat, cut his hair, keep his clothes clean, hold himself erect, and walk with a brisk, elastic, yet rigid, regularity" right in front." But of this, which is a bigger matter than it looks, more by and by. Fighting is a very essential point of a soldier's business, but to be effective it must be done with regu- larity and in concert by all the fighting men when they are ordered to do so. The Americans will do their fighting individually as well as any men. It remains to be seen in what fashion they will execute their cam- paigning. It is quite certain that an army of 50,000 re- gular infantry, with proper complements of artillery and cavalry, would be much more manageable than the heterogeneous mass now collected round Washington, nor could a capable general find any difficulty in march- ing with such a force to Richmond, despite the admitted courage of the enormous levies under Beauregard, John- ston, and the Confederate General, Smith—whilom Street Commissioner of New York. The army," if victorious, is master of the hour, and whoever is its master will hold the United States in tho hollow of his hand. This remark may be denied or ridiculed, but time will prove its truth. All the North wants now is a leader who will win victories, who will get a Southern cotton port, enable it to recover its losses, and place the South prostrate at its feet. The man who deserves best of the United States is ho whom the troops will follow in the field from the Potomac to the Gulf of Mexico. Long-sighted, pale-faced men of thought hope the end wilt not be evil; but the men of action will for the time, and many a year to come, wield at will this fierce democracy, and rule over all their caucuses, conventions, resolutions, and platforms. Who shall dispute the will of the man who has .500,000 men under his control for the next three years to come, who. has saved the United States, or is preparing, as their best man, to do so P Why, it was whispered the other day that General Fremont, if he were ordered to do so, would not resign till he had beaten Price; and there was no disapproval expressed of any such conduct on his part. "If he whips Price," said one, in reference; to the rumour that he was superseded, I should like to see either the President or Simon Cameron venture to displace Fremont." So rapidly and surely is the power of tho" army" being felt that all eyes are turned upon it, and the politicians are struggling savagely to get places of command in its ranks. They leave their plat- forms and take to the goose step and infantry tactics. The military men, however, have their eye on them. Wait till you see," quoth an officer who had been talking of certain articles in the American press. "Our fingers are not long enough to reach New York just yet, but we'll bo able to put our thumbs on the throats of these gentry before long. You'll see whether the press or the army, by which I moan the two services, will govern this country in tho end." It is significant enough of the relations between the State and the army to see Mr. Lincoln walking over daily more than once to visit General quarters. For my part, the determination of the North to sub- jugate the South, even if it fails-to hold it, appears per- fectly natural; for what terms could the former expect now, if proposals of peace were made ? Admitting that the South would not demand Maryland, or would be content to leave the question of her adhesion to a popu- lar vote, which would be carried by Union men, beyond that, in their present successful career, the Confederates would not yield a point, but would insist on the line of the Potomac, the Ohio, and the northern frontier of Missouri, as their boundaries. Just look at the map, and see how cramped and hemmed in tho Northern States would be in such a division of the Continent. It must be remembered that the vast districts which lie "spread out on the map between the Missouri river and Oregon and Washington territories are for the most part sterile and unproductive, only fit for hunters and their prey. Canada and the lake system press upon and cut into the States on the north. Fancy the great republic narrowed to less than one hundred miles in any part of its territory And yet from Beaver, beyond Wheel- ing, in Virginia, to the shores of Lake Erie, near Cleveland, there is not more than ninety and some odd miles within which the stars and stripes could flaunt the breeze. And yet there is the fact before one's eyes, and no amount of lateral extension towards the west could compensate for the contraction of the United States' territory from north to south. Northern and Western Minnesota, parts of Iowa, portions of Wiscon- sin, and the parts of Michigan have rather a doubtful future, except as agricultural countries—the winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. There are forests to be cleared yet, and much mining wealth to be explored, before the Far West can absorb even the diminished immigration against the influence of which the South is in rebellion, and the North would rise if it could. The sentiment of the North is becoming, not united, but unanimous. The Union, the whole Union, and nothing but the Union, is the cry. The Democrats shout it as loudly as any, for fear of Lafayette or the devices of the Republicans, who would direct the popu- lar current against them and, indeed, the Democratic party could as little afford the disruption of the Repub- lie as their antagonists. They are swallowed up in the the mass of the Union movement for the time, and, as they arc hurried onwards, scarce can find time to gasp out Don t you think you're going a leetle too far?! What about Hcbtas Corpus ? I really think we might have a trial by jury now and then." And so on. For much that the Union did to and for humanity the world must be grateful; and, indeed, the world has done much to repay her by its labour, its science, its blood. But why is a man or a nation, therefore, to be debarred from saying whether he thinks the North is going to win or lose in the attempt to subjugate'the South, unless under the pain of incurring the reputation of an enemy P The idea of the Union is, in plain English, the idea of one sole dominant Power in the whole Continent of North America. And if I were a native of tho United States of North America, I would fight for that idea. The contrary notion may spread rapidly if the South succeeds. Already we hear a Gulf Republic and a Texan Confederation spoken of; long ago there was talk of a party in California anxious for a separate national existence for that State, which will probably increase if it is found that the United States can give it no more of the national property in roads, expresses, and postal expenses. And now there are hints that in the fulness of time the States in the west and north-west may think it expedient to form a Republic of their own, inasmuch as they have no particular interests in common with the other States, and derive no special advantages from being governed at Washington. There is no fear of the failure of Repub- lican institutions, except in their demonstrated power as an agency by which to govern and keep together one vast confederation. No matter how many separate States might be formed, there can be no doubt that in all would the form of government be republican in greater or less degree. Without including many people in South Carolina, and fewer in other States, who express a liking and preference for a Constitutional government, or, at all events, for a strong government, the principle of Republicanism is grafted deeply in the hearts of the American people, and they could not be otherwise than Republicans if they desired it. Sure," said an Irish overseer on the railway the other day, God help them they've got no jintlemen in the country at all at all." The social system is like their street railway, very accommodating for the mass, but utterly destructive to your peace ? you want to drive in a private carriage. M'Clcllan and Beauregard wore old fellow students. To my mind there is something of resemblance between the men. Both are below the middle height. They arc both squarely built, and famed for muscular power since their ollege days. 1 Beauregard, indeed, is loan and thm-ribbed; M Uel.an is fall and round, with a Napole- onic tendency to enbonpomt, subdued by incessant exer- cise. Beauregard sleeps little; M'Ciellan's tempera- merit requires a full share of rest; both are spare and Spartan in diet, studious, quiet. Beauregard is rather saturnine, and if not melancholic, is of a gum gaiety; M'Clellan is genial even in his reserve, lhe density of the hair, the squareness of the jaw, the firmness and regularity of the teeth, and the out- lines of the features points of similarity in both, whJoh would be more striking if Beauregard were not of the true Louisianian Creole tint, while M'Clellan is fair comploxioned. Beauregard has a dark, dull student" eye, the dulness of which arises, however, from its fd mation, for it is full of fire, and its glances are quick a, ,11 searching. M'Clellan has a deep clear eye, into whl r you can look far and deep, while you feel it Searches f- and deep into you. Beauregard has something of pro, tension in his manner—no hauteur, but a foldiDo armed, meditative sort of air, which seems to  "Don't disturb me; I'm thinking of military n10.^ mcnts." M'Clellan seems to be always at leisure;^ you fool at the same time you ought not to intriiil, too much upon him, even when you seek in vain for grounds of that impression in anything that he is '?!0o ?, or saying. Beauregard is more subtle, crafty and  tute.¡ M'Clellan is more comprehensive, more leare: I more impressionable. Beauregard is a thorough sold'c M'CleIlan may prove he is a great general. The foro^^ only looks to military consequences and disregards  lar manifestations the latter respects the opinions ot e outer world, and sees political as well as military reilit?6 in what he orders. They arc both the creatures of ac' cident, so far as their present positions are concerned. The Confederates do not fight because they do n?t wish to risk the fate of their army on a single battle Il front of Washington, and have the utmost confid0cc 1 delay—why, it is scarcely possible to show conclusive > Their troops are not to be trusted in an attack on t 11 line of earthworks and batteries which cover Washing and extend from Alexandria to the Chain-bndgù.: I Little Falls. They are just at present on the defend* and hope to entice the Federalists to attack them. SO one knows what is the real position of their right on  Potomac, but I begin to doubt if they have the 11119'08 or the guns to command the river, though I can scai'cjy think that any of their generals would wilfully ?an? ? the plan of doing it. With guns and men enough, it is perfectly plain they could command the Potomac co ld pletely, and cross over an army under their fire, sho^ it so please them, much more readily and safely thanh a any fording of the Upper Potomac. As I have had occasion to point out, the ground occupied by the arml is unfavourable to fighting, and it is no disparagement t the men to say they could not be relied on to n?Lrch across the open up to well-served guns in heavy works, and take them at the point of the bayonet. T" Federalists have a well-founded dislike to make another advance on Manassas. Drills and reviews will do  but time is needed for either to do its work 011, difficulty is with the officers rather than with the One of Tombs's troop of Bengal Artillery, who 'Íth over here looking for service after a turn in Italy 0 Garibaldi, said to me the other day, Why, Sir, ?.? seen officers of cavalry here who don't know howto get upon a horse, to sit him, or to get down when 0y are on. They don't know how to draw their swor<??? return them when drawn." But the gunner was ? of a Zoilus. To have so many officers with some 1 e their duty is the marvel. 'in The more I look at the situation, the more the difli- culties of General M 'Clellan's position grow "Po"nic. He has not sufficient troops, considering their ??.n'o-e rience, to divide his army just now into two bo(ilIcs' One to proceed against the enemy, the other adequate to D. 1? the works round Washington, and to make them quite safe in case of a reverse or a regular assault. It ? quite certain that the Confederates have fallen back ?P?? Manassas, and are there in very great force. It J fot close enough to Washington to render it impossi.ble ? M 'Clellan to move an army out on either flank W1 bringing on an action, which must lead him to l?u old position of the Confederates from Bull's B? ,hes Manassas to the hills on their loft, covering the appro? ? to Richmond. Although the Marylandcrs nl,'Y be discontented, there would be manifest inconsisto ?cy in Beauregard remaining still and inviting "Lttlckp whereas the programme of the North must be cai'f a out by offensive operations by an Invading army. S()O"er or later M 'Clellan must begin to move, and I ti,i-li in eight or ten days from this time he will make » ") monstration to feel the force of the enemy, which may 1? f. tl1Ile to a general action, or may decide him to try the fortt'30 of war by changmg his position and operating in anct quarter. The expedition which will sail soon after the dC patch of this letter will proceed from the northern portg and from Annapolis to rendezvous off the coast of ?o j Carolina. The force from this place will consist, ::1'[1.1 informed you, of 4,500 men, under Brigadier ?° r Egbert Vide, formerly in the United States ?S"?f army, and a subaltern oBiccr of the Mexican war, ?j the regiments composing it are already on their J'^ Annapolis. The rest of the force will consist ot ^oo men divided into two brigades, the whole directe  General herman. The regiments of Viele's brif, de, fine-looking, strong men, tolerably well u.ifrra6d. of the military knowledge of their commanding ° iIl take two examples. On the arrival of their brigadic r his camp a colonel sent to him to say, he would o vo him a review of his regiment to-morrow." When of the regiments was preparing to march to the r way terminus for Annapolis, the colonel of another 8 ,,t to the brigadier to ask him if he might be permitted s? ? to the bri!!adier to ask him if he might be pornutted ■< escort the -th to the depot with his own regime  The superior officers, however, know their work,  Savannah, Mobile, Fernandina, and Pensacola ma} well feel uneasy and hurry on their fortifications. NV"rever the eye rests there is the din of preparation for N,var. All over the vast continent moulds arc running 1??  iron, forges are blazing, hammers clanging on 3' The the ploughshare taking the shape of the sword. ? Hatteras anair has aroused the South to their ^aU?^l- they are throwing up earthworks and batteries, aid dr"1- ling their coastguards all along the seaboards- rfbo report that the Federalists had taken Mississippi City, between Mobile and New Orleans, is not confirmed >^ut New Orleans need not fear just yet, nor can the ? dition be intended to do more than prepare, by t? cupation of points on the coast, for the operations larger forces, later in the year. The Boston correspondent of the J?'Mt'/? -pos? t'lll,3 refers to some diplomatic passages between the Union Democrats of the North and the confederates. I" ?. suggestive extract:-  There has always been a mystery connected with )Jr. May's visit to Richmond, he being then a Union lut)o'ber of Congress, from Baltimore; but a short time sWce^e object of that visit came to light. It seems that 3lr. May went to Richmond as an extraordinary envoy froul the Democratic members of the Union Congress, for? purpose of ascertaining upon what terms the COI'fejo" rates would consent to return to their former clouditiol" The answer he got was equally prompt and unsa.tis? tory. They would not return to the Union on ally terms! If they were to be allowed to dictate the terol$ of their return, they would not so much as take the trouble to write or to speak those terms. They would 'lot accept ca?e Ma?Ae. They were out of the Union, all a they meant to keep out of it. Their only terms of pe;: were The acknowledgment of the Confederacy by Washington Government, and its treatment in all red pecta as a nation, and as France and England arc treated  Such was the position of the Confederates in J?"? la and what has occurred since that time to make the"' more inclined to yield to the Federalists ? Nothing D^ much has happened to make them more determined, that be possible, than they were four months ago, to ill. sist upon their independence being acknowledged, with the single exception of the blockade—an import? exception, as every one will allow—they have been pr? tically independent ever since they began to act: SI11; June they have won victories in Virginia, in MiaaoU?. and in other quarters; they have virtually beswge Washington for six weeks; they have greatly incro!?? their armies, and have whole legions in places where in June not a Secession cohort would have dared to show itself; they have all but conquered Missouri, which ?"? hostile to them down to the first week of August; lln in Kentucky their affairs ar0 in much better condi_ t?? than are those of the Unionists, though the latter  supported by the State government. There is no  what news an hour may bring us, but unless the fodo- ralists have very recently achieved some brilliant sic. cesses, of which nothing is yet known here, the  federates are in a much better condition to demand h?=*?, terms than they wore at the close of last Juno. 111"0?il if they could then ask for the acknowledgment of their independence with any kind of propriety, they ought now to consider themselves entitled to ask for our su? mission, and to declare that they must be permitted 0 rule the Free States through their proconsuls.
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Mame .Tenny Lind Goldschmidt appeared on T day mght at Exeter Hall in the Oratorio of?<?'? aid the funds for the erection of a church in the V?tof c Docks district. The other principal performers r0 L" R f' Co t). Sims Reeves, Mr. Weiss, Miss Palmer, and Mis? ?- The large hall was crowded to excess, and the recepQ of Madame Goldschmidt most enthusiastic. She  with all her former unrivalled excellence. H? 'Oico (says the Timcs) though occasionally produced  greater apparent effort, has lost none of its c scarcely any of its power. The style has become oic(l^ sured, studied, and deliberate, perhaps, indeed—? °?j use the term in an over-critical sense—laboured, aluost every phrase being assigned a peculiar emphas? g though it were complete and independent of ^s<i Madame Goldschmidt contemplates a profession? ? ??f 0 through the chief towns of the provinces. IMPORTANT MOVEMENT AT MILA.-A CorrOSpO??J conversant with the social and political movements Italy, informs us that the Democratic Club of MiWn converted itself into a political Association, ;?: adopted the following principles as a basis of operat'O": I. The unity, liberty, and independence of Italy e" I 1. f succ Italian forces must be united in order to cope sug„ fully with the cncmy; there must be liberty 0 j y science, the press, and of individual action an ?. must be delivered from foreign domination. •ya[. vcraal suQrage. III. The abolition of c? versal III Tho abolltlOU of c'lsl of' tho privileges. These are the fundamental P''?'? fthe Association. In order to secure the object s?? unl? there must be a national army Or-t.i.,ed, --d volunteer force similar to that in England, an d other important measures adopted for the unincation a ? solidation of the Italian Kin6r(lum.-?y)