The Welshman

[A CARD.] MR. A. H. MURPHY, SURGEON* DENTIST. .1'-1. 10, Marine Terrace, Aberystwitb. [A CARD.] Mr. R. AUGUSTUS, Land Agent and Aue- tioneer, Market-street, Llandovery. TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. "TirrANTED, a Respectable Youth, as an Ap- T T prentice to the General Drapery Trade. A moderate Premium required. Apply to T. Herbert, Old London House, Llanelly. FOR SALE. THE SCHOONER "CAROLINA LOUISE," JL 133 Tons Register, burthen tonnage 195 tons, and draws ten feet of water. Built at Windau, in Russia, in the year 1850. In first rate condition, and well found in every particular. Apply to MR. JOHN LEWIS, Jun., Timber Merchant, Carmarthen. WANTED in a Gentleman's Family, a respect- f able married man to act as Groom and Coachman, an managed, with assistance, a plain garden. He will be allowed to reside with his wife in a cottage on the estate, and if he be without children his wife may occasionally be employed in the house. Apply, by letter only, stating wages required and where last employed, tó A. B., Post Office, Llandissilio, near Narberth. POTATOES! POTATOES!! PRIME MEALY POTATOES may now be had .L (Wholesale and Retaii) of D. & T. THOMAS, MERCHANTS, Lammas-street & Wa'er-street, CARMARTHEN. New Magazine. Every month, One Shilling. TEMPLE BAR, -L A LONDON MAGAZINE FOR TOWN AND COUNTBY READERS, CONDUCTED BY GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA, AUTHOR OF WILLIAM HOGARTH," ao. No. 1, BEADY DECEMBER 1, 1860. Office 122, Fleet Street, London; Sold by all Booksellers, and at Railway Book-stalls. COUNTY OF CARDIGAN. NOTICE is hereby given, that an adjourned I ? General Quartr Sessions of the Pace for the County of Cardigan, will be held and kept at the County Sessions House, in the Town of Aberayron, in and for the said County, on Thursday, the 15th day of November next, at Eleven o'Clock in the forenoon, for the purpose of arranging for carrying out the Provisions of the Act 23 and 24 Vic- c. 116, so for as relates to the Coroners of the said County. Dated this 23rd day of October, 1860. FRED. ROW. ROBERTS, Clerk of the Peace. MIDDLE SCHOOL FOR WALES, RUTHIN, DENBIGHSHIRE. Head Master—T. DOWLR, Esq., B.A., Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Treasurer—the Rev. E. H. DAVIES, M.A., Llanrhydd, Ruthin. THE Course of Instruction comprises the French JL and Latin Languages, Mathematics, and the usual branches of a sound English Education. Fees (inclusive of Board and Education), 20 guineas per annum. There is also a special department for such as desire to prepare themselves for Ordination. Fees (inclusive), for those under 19 years of age, 20 guineas; above 19, 30 guineas. SOLFEGGIO MUSIC CLASS. MONS. ALLARD, Professor of Music, begs to ?JL inform his friends that he is about to form a CLASS, for the purpose of teaching the Rudiments of Music, through the medium of the Sol Fa System, as followed at the Con- servatoires of Paris, Brussels, and the principal German and Italian cities. This method will enable pupils to read mtnic at sight, and prepare them for any instrument they might wish to learn. The first practice will take place on MONDAY Evening, November 5th, at Mons. Allard's rooms, at half-past 7 o'clock. For terms, apply to Mons. All<>rd, King-street, Car- marthen. LLANDYSSIL, CARDIGANSHIRE. Undeb sydd AUh." — Union is S:renyth. TO small Capitalists, retired Tradesmen, Lodging- j. house Keepers, and persons desirous of obtaining at an easy rate, a capital House in this rising and rapidly in- creasing Market and Post Town, which attracted the admi- ration of the late Emperor Alexander of Russia as the most beautiful spot he had visited in Wales, situated on the banks of the Tivy in the cheapest district in the Principality, where houses and apartments are much sought for by visitors and gentlemen-ifshermen, during the Summer and Autumn seasons, and where the demand will be greatly increased as soon as the Railway is opened. A Building Club not under the Joint-Stock or Benefit Societies' Acts (to last about 10 years) is in the course of formation. Apply for particulars (post-paid,) to Mr. John Daniel Thomas, draper and grocer, Church Street, Llandyssil, near Carmarthen, the Provisi JUal Secretary or to Win. Prout, Esq., Adpar Hill, Newcastle-Emlyn; enclosing a directed and stamped envelope. NOTICE. THE Courts Leet and view of Frankpledge of our Sovereign Lady the Queen, aud Courts Baron of the Right Reverend Connop Lord Bishop of St. David's, will be held for the following Manors or Lordships at the times and places undeimentioned, viz: — {Tuesday, November, 20th instant, at H?ngadock ? the Red Lion Inn, in the Town of f Hangadock. Ll ùd ( I Friday, November 30th instant, at the an ew t Castle, Llanddew. f Tuesday, January 15th, 1861, at the Fountain Inn, in the Village of Mydrim { ( Mydrim. Llanfynydd Van f Wednesday, January 16th, 1861, at the Golden Grove Arms, Llan. eg«ad, T reclase, J { arthney. aud Llaullian.. arthney. f Thursday, January 17th, 1861, at the Abergwili Wheat Sheaf Inn, in the Village of ( Abergwili, Clue L.. lange„ J (Friday, January 25th, 1861, at the peni|egare Arms, in the Village of felech .? Llangefelach. JOHN HARVEY & SONS, Stewards. Haverfordwest, November 1, 1860. THE FAT CATTLE AND POULTRY SHOW OF THE CARMARTHENSHIRE AGRICULTURAL SO- CIETY. rPHE ANNUAL SHOW of FAT CATTLE, _L Poultry, Dairy Produce, Grain and Roots, will take place in the PROVISION MARKET, CARMARTHEN, on TUESDAY, the 18tb of DECEMBER, 1860, on which day th i Monthly Market will be held. In addition to the Premiums already published, the fol- lowing will be offered by the President, Lieut.-Col. COWELL STBP.VEY: — £ a. d. For the best Fat Beast, exhibited by the Tenant rated to the Poor's rate at an amount not exceed- ing £ 150, and getting his living solely by farming 2 0 0 For the best pen of Five Fat Sheep, exhibited by ditto"" 2 0 0 For the best Fat Pig, exhibited by ditto. 1 0 0 Entries close on December the 8th. A Dinner will be provided at the Boar's Head Hotel. Tickets, 2s. 6d. each. President, Lieut.-Cot. COW ELL STEPNEY. Vice-President, DAVID PUGH. Esq., M.P. Secretary, Mr. DAVID PROSSER. November 6th, 1860. New Edition for 1860, just published, post free, 3 Stamps GABRIEL ON THE TEETH. TEETH! their Loss and as now Restored on M Gabriel's New System of Capillary Attraction and 8uction combined, by means of a Soft Flexible Lining with Coralite Gum-colored India Rubber, in lieu of bone or metal, there are no springs, wire, or any operation required, they are warranted pure, wholesome, and entirely free from taste or smell, are easy and comfortable on the most sensitive gums, and may bo worn for many years without being in any way effected. The best materials with first-class work. manship guaranteed, and are supplied at less than half the ordinary cost only by Messrs. GABRIEL, (Dentists to the Prince D OltaJsna, Established 1815, see Diploma), 33 and 3i Ludgate Hill, and 110, Regent Street, London. Gabriel's Treatise is of great importance to all requiring a Dentist's aid, emanating from such a source may be con- fidently relied on," United Service Gatette. Gabriel's System will save much money, more annoy- uee, and still more disappointment. "—John Bull. Gabriel's oelebrated Preparations-the White Enamel 5s. per packet, the Gutta Percha Is. 6d., both for stopping, and the Royal Tooth Powder for restoring the Teeth may. be had of any of their agenti or through any chemist in the United Kingdom, and at 134, Duke Street, Liverpool. NOTICE.-A MISTAKE LIKELY TO OCCUR More especially to Parties in Conveyances. Ludgate Street and Ludgate Hill being a continuation of each other, and a person having placed the number 33 in a conspicuous position in Ludgate Street, Messrs. Gabriel find it necessary to state (in order to prevent disappointment) that their address is 33 and 34, Ludgate Hill (and not Ludgate Street), and would call particular attention to the circumstance, that the Entrance to their Establishment is up the Private Passage, between Benson, the large Silver- smith's Shup and the State Fire Office. AMERICAN MINERAL TEETH, Best in Europe from 3s. 6d. per Tooth; Sets £4 4s. Complete Sets in One Day and only One Visit requisite. HEREFORD—1st and 3rd Friday, Sept. 7 and 21, at 34, Broad-street. SHREWSBURY—1st and 3rd Saturday, Sept. t and 15, at 48, Hi(h-itre«t. It is requested that any complaints respecting delay in the delivery of this Paper be immediately addressed to the Editor, so that the proper representation may be made to the Postmaster. We cannot insert, or notice in any way, any com- munication that is sent to us anonymously but those who choose to address us in confidence will find their I confidence respected. Neither can we undertake to re- turn any manuscripts whatever. )&s- THE WELSHMAN is Published every Friday I Morning at Six o'Clock.

THE late Earl of Cawdor, whose premature death we this day record, was the eldest son of John, the first peer of that name. He was a man of very refined taste, vast acquirements, and eminently intellectual. He travelled much on the continent of Europe, and mixed much with the cognoscenti in matters of high art and scientific attainments, and had thus ample oppor- tunities for improving his mind and indulging his love for all that was elevating in these depart- ments of knowledge. By his intercourse with men of this class he became critically acquainted with the principles of a pure and correct taste, and his judgment in such matters was entitled to the highest respect. During his sojourn in Italy and other parts of Europe, he had ample opportunities of becoming acquainted with the chef (Toeuvre of the various masters, ancient and modern, who by their sublime conceptions have shed a lustre on the twin arts of painting and sculpture, and no man ever appreciated with a keener zest the beauteous creations of the pencil and chisel of eminent artists. The Cawdor family, although the father of the late Earl was the first peer of that name, is of great antiquity, and trace their descent from the Thanes of Cawdor so celebrated in Scottish history. The late Earl owned Cawdor Castle in Scotland, and a large hereditary pro- perty in the county of Nairn; the noble Earl also owned large and valuable estates in Pembrokeshire. The noble Earl resided at the time of his death at Stockpole Court, a noble mansion which the late Earl greatly improved. The interior bears evidence of the taste of its late proprietor, for it is rich in works of art, among which are the Hibe, and several other of the works of Canova and the most celebrated masters, ancient and modern. The family mansion in this county, Golden Grove, is an imposing Elizabethan struc- ture, designed by the late Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and stands on the south bank of the river, in the middle of an extensive park, on an eminence com- manding charming views of the picturesque and beautiful Vale of Towy, so graphically described by Dyer in his descriptive poem, Grongar Hill." The estates of the noble Earl in this county are very extensive, and comprise fully forty thousand acres, the greater portion of which consists of rich meadow land in the Vale of Towy, and in the neighbourhood of Newcastle-Emlyn. There are also independent of the surface riches, mineral treasures of lead and silver, coal, iron, and lime- stone, in several parts of the property. The whole of the agency business connected with the administration of this vast property, as well as that in Pembrokeshire, is ably conducted by Mr. R. B. Williams, and it is a pleasing trait in the character of the late Earl and his father, and reflects great credit on the mode in which the property was managed, that no good tenant was ever disturbed in his holding, and that such was the confidence inspired by this practical fixity of tenure and the reliance of many on the equitable treatment and the implied guarantee of undis- turbed possession, that without lease or any other guarantee for that protracted and indisturbed pos- session, they did not hesitate to invest large sums of money in building on the property. The late Earl represented this borough in Parliament for eight years, until his elevation to the peerage on the death of his father. He had to struggle with many disadvantages in his contest with Mr. Jones, of Ystrad, a man of great eloquence and popularity, in whose favour public opinion, always vehement and violent in election contests here ran very strongly. The very able barrister, whose persuasive powers with a Welsh jury were irresistible, found himself con- fronted on the hustings in a wordy war with a foeman worthy of his steel," for Lord Cawdor, then a young man, exhibited a readiness at re- partee and a fluency of speech which won the admiration of all, and which no man appreciated more highly than his talented opponent. He won his election by a majority of 45, but on the next vacancy Mr. Jones succeeded in wresting the borough from the then dominant party. The noble Earl possessed great energy of character as well as first rate ability. He was a great advo- cate for placing the principality on the same footing as regarded the various privileges enjoyed by our English brethren, and with the view of assimu- lating our jurisprudence to that existing in I England, he brought in a bill and succeeded in carrying it through the Legislature for abolishing the Welsh system of judicature, and substituting in its stead that which prevails at Westminster Hall. By this Bill Wales was placed in all respects on the same footing as the neighbouring English counties, having precisely the same modes of legal procedure, the same Courts presided over by English judges. Under the old system, which was not without its merits, there were two judges who presided over the proceedings, one having to deal with matters of criminal as well as common law the other had to decide in all matters of equity, and they sat in Banco. There was, how- ever, this radical vice in the system for which no amount of advantage could compensate, that these judges were barristers who practised in the inter- vals of the great sessions, and could by feigned cases be entrapped into the expression of an opinion on questions which would come before them for jurisdiction. A judge should be like Caesar's wife, above all suspicion, and 111 order to place them in this position, it was necessary that' they should not be liable to have any im- putation of that kind levelled against them. Considerable opposition was offered to the measure, but his Lordship eventually succeeded in inducing the Legislature to pass it into a law, and has thus produced in legal proceedings much the same effect as railways arc now producing in assimi- lating and fusing Welsh and English interests. He also originated and carried through Parlia- ment, the South Wales Turnpike Act, which has proved a measure of great public utility, and calmed down the local irritation which was pro- duced by the Rebecca riots which had thrown everything in connection with the management and maintenance of the highways in this county into a state of temporary anarchy. His Lordship also took great interest in a scheme for ameliorating the condition of pauper lunatics by promoting the erection of an asylum where these unfortunate but interesting objects of public sympathy would find that care and comparative comforts which a harsh and unsym- pathising public are reluctant to provide for them. The plan proposed a joint asylum for the three counties of Cardiganshire, Pembrokeshire, and Car- marthenshire, but in consequence of some unfor- tunate difference between the promoters of this measure of mere humanity, difficulties arose to retard the carrying of this beneficial project into effect, and the noble Earl died before its com- pletion. It is, however, to be hoped that the scheme will not be allowed to expire with the noble Earl, and that some person whose soul is touched to fine issues" will take up the philan- thropic project, and exert himself in the interest of those who we know will never cease out of the land, and who have a strong claim on the consideration and support of a Christian com- munity. We may also mention that the noble lord restored, at considerable expense, the churches of Stackpole, Eilidyr or Chenton, St. Simmonds, St. Petrarch, Warren, and others, which are now an ornament to the county of Pembroke, and a lasting memorial of his munificence. Lord Cawdor was a man of sensitive nature, and was always prepared to justify any mea- sure of which he approved by challenging the verdict of public opinion through the medium of the public press, and having a giant's strength as a disputant, and a keen perception of the weak points in the case of an opponent, he seldom or never failed to carrv off the palm of victorv. He was a man of high honour and unimpeach- able integrity in pblic life, and his private life was a model of social and domestic virtue. By his lamented death the present Earl succeeds to the title and estates, and vacancies are thus created hI the office of Lord-Lieutenant for this county, and in the represen.tation of Pembroke- shire by the elevation of Lord Emiyn to the House of Peers.

FINAXCE COMMITTEE.—A meeting of the finance com- mittee was held on Monday in the Council Chamber, when there were present-Ilr. Thomas, mayor, Mr. W. G. S. Thomas, and Mr. David Davies. The bills to be presented for payment at the quarterly meeting this day were examined. There was no other business. ST. CLEARS MONTHLY MARKET was held on Tuesday j last. Fat cows were in fair supply, but the demand was not brisk, and but few changed hands at rather reduced prices. There was a large number of store cattle for sale, but few if any were sold. Sheep were also very numerous, but the demand was exceedingly dull. Fat pigs sold at about 9s. per score. GRATITUDE.—Thomas Butcher, late a patient in the Carmarthenshire Infirmary, admitted in consequence of an injury received to his leg by accident on the railway, was discharged cured; and he has since sent a donation of jE2 in aid of the funds of the Institution, expressive of gratitude for the attention and kindness received there. AcelDF-;T.-On Wednesday morning last, as Mrs. Evans, of Pentrehydd, widow, was coming to this town on horseback, when near the Cardigan Arms, Water- street, the horse took fright and threw htT, and she received severe injuries on the head by the fall. She was taken to the house of Mr Griffiths, currier, Lammas- street, where Mr. Watkins, surgeon, was immediately in attendance, and she is now going on favourably. j H'ALF-HOLIDAY MOVEMENT.—A numerously attended meeting of the Drapers' Assistants of this town, was held on Monday night, to hear the result of an appli- cation which had been made to their employers to agree to a proposal for a weekly half-holiday every Thursday, from two o'clock, p.m. It was reported that all the drapers of the town had consented to do so, with the exception of one or two, and it was resolved to ask two influential gentlemen, who are favourable to the cause, to wait on those who had not given their consent in the course of this week. After a vote of thanks to the Chairman had been passed, the meeting separated. CARMARTHEN PETTY SESSIONS.—These sessions wore held on Saturday in the Shire Hall, before Col. Sir J. J. Hamilton, Bart., R. Jennings, Esq., D. J- B. Edwardes, Esq., and Grismond Philipps, Esq.-D,t vid Morris and John Harris, Abergwilly, were charged with drunkenness. P.C. John John examined: About five o'clock on Sunday morning, I saw a crowd of people in the street at Abergwilly. Morris was in the midst. He was drunk and riotous, and wished to fight. His coat was off. Harris afterwards made a riot, and it was with difficulty he was removed. Both the do- defendants were fined 10s. each and costs. The license of the Edwinsford Arms, Llanstephan, was transferred from Mr. David Morgan to Mr. Samuel Anthony, late of the Albion. WATCH COMMITTEE.—A meeting of the Watch Com- mittee was held on Monday in the Council Cham- ber. There were present Mr. Thomas, Mayor, Mr. Lewis Morris, Mr. Puddicombe, and Mr. J. Lewis, jun. A charge was brought against P.C. David Thomas, by Mr. Gutnpz, for using insulting and threating language towards him. It will be seen from our police report that Mr. Gumpz had previously charged Thomas with an assault, which he alleged was committed in forcibly putting him out of the Maesycrigau Arms, at the request of the landlady. The magistrates then dismissed the case. It was proved to the satisfaction of the Committee, that Thomas did use insolent language to Gumpz on the day after the assault was said to have been committed. He was therefore suspended for a 1494t4 CARMARTHEN POLICE COURT.—At the Town Hall, on Friday, before J. Thomas, Esq., mayor, and J. Hughes, Esq. David Thomas, constable in the Borough Police Force, was charged with an assault. Levi Gumpz examined: I am a commercial traveller, and live in Birmingham. On Tuesday night I came to this town from Aberystwith. I went to the Maesycrigau Arms, in Priory-street, where I slept. I also breakfasted and dined there on the following day. I arranged with the landlady to sleep there again the next night, and I went to the house between 10 and 11 o'clock, when I found the door closed. I knocked, and the servant opened the door for me. Mrs. Thomas said she had no room for me, and after some words between us she sent for the police. The defendant came in, and seizing me by the collar, turned me out, and, as I went into the street, he kicked me. That is the assault of which I now complain. The landlady saw him strike me, and said, Kick him out." —In defence, Elinor Thomas was examined she said: I am the landlady of the Maesycrigau Arms, Priory- am the landlady of the  street. On Wednesday the complainant was at my house. He had slept there on the previous night. He did not ask me for a bed on Wednesday. At night, about half-past 11 o'clock, he came to the door and knocked. The servant opened the door, and told him that as he had not asked for a bed earlier he could not have one; we were full. He then came into the house and abused me, and cursed fearfully, and said he would have one. He frightened me, and I sent for a police- man to turn him out. The defendant came in, and I told him to remove the complainant. He requested me I first in his hearing to ask the complainant to go out. 1 then did so several times. He refused to go, and the defendant at my request took hold of him by the arm and pushed him out. I went to the door after them. The defendant did not kick the complainant. He did not attempt to do so. Had he done so, I must have seen him. The complainant paid me in full for everything he had after dinner on Wednesday.—Hannah James examined: I am a servant at the Maesycrigau Arms. The complainant was at our house on Tuesday. He also dined there on Wednesday, and I took him a glass of beer. He gave me half a sovereign, and I took all he owed us from it. He did not ask for a bed on Wednesday night; but at night he came to the door. It was about half-past 11 o'clock. I opened the door, and he came in. I told him there was no bed for him. He said he would have one, and began to abuse my mistress. She told him to go out. He refused, and she sent for the police. The defendant came and asked the complainant to go out. He refused to do so. The defendant then took hold of him and pushed him out. The complainant told the defendant that if he touched him he would knock his head off. I did not see the de- fendant kick the complainant. I followed them to the door, and the defendant could not have kicked him without my knowledge.—This was all the evidence, and the magistrates dismissed the case. CARMARTHENSHIRE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.—A meet- ing of the committee of this society was held on Saturday last, at the Boar's Head Hotel, for the pur- pose of appointing judges for the Christmas Show, to be held on the 18th December, and on other business: Mr. R. Waters in the chair. There were also present—Col. Sir J. J. Hamilton, Bart., Mr. R. Jennings, Capt. G. Philipps, Mr. J. Buckley, Mr. J. L. Philipps, Mr. W. Butland, Mr. R. R. Carver, and Mr. D. Evans. It was resolved, that the following be appointed judges for the next show:—Mr. Jones, butcher, Merthyr, of the fat stock; Mr. J. Rodbard, Ardwick Court, Bristol, of the live poultry, pigeons, and rabbits Mr. George Cottrell, of the dead poultry; Mr. James Bagnall, of the dairy produce; Mr. J. X. Buckley, of grain; and Messrs. J. L. Philipps and W. Butland, of roots. It was resolved, that the premiums offered by the president, Col. Cowell Stepney, be given for the best iat beast, a pen of fat sheep, and best fat pig, to be competed for by tenant farmers. It was ordered, that the next show be pub-. lished in the newspapers and by handbills. The secretary was requested to write to defaulters for payment of subscriptions due. LECTURE OX" GJWIWE STFPIIE.VI.ON.On Wednesday last Mr. Littleboy delivered an interesting lecture in the Assembly Room on George Stephenson." The lecture was in connection with the Carmarthen Literary and Scientific Institution. A vote of thanks was ac- corded to the lecturer on the motion of Dr. Lloyd, seconded by Mr. W. Smith, one of the Secretaries of the Institution, who stated several reasons why the sale of season tickets should be greater than it is. The most important reason assigned was that the proceeds of the lectures are to be devoted to the purchase of books for the library. SEI.F-BUILT MEN. Yesterday evening the Rev. J. R. Jones, late of Kilsby, delivered a lecture in the Assembly Rooms, in connection with the Carmarthen Young Men's Christian Association, on "Self-Built Men." The lecturer, in a quaint and forcible manner, showed how many distinguished men had by their own persevering exertions attained social eminence, political distinction, great wealth and intellectual power. His illustrations were taken freely from Wales, and amongst those to whom he specially referred, were Mr. Williams, M.P. for Lambeth, Mr. Jones Lloyd, and Mr. Lloyd Davies, There was a tolerably large attendance, and the lecture was well received. j CARMARTHEN MONTHLY MARKET.—This market was held on Wednesday last. There was a large supply of fat beasts in middling condition, with very little de- mand a few were sold at from 4d. to 5^d. per lb. Cows with calves were scarce, and not much inquired after. A large number of sheep were penned, but few were sold. Fat sheep went off slowly at from 6d. to 7d. per lb. Few pigs were offered porkers sold at about 9s. 6d. per score. Small stores were quite a drug. At half- past 11 o'clock, Mr. J. H. Thomas put up by auc- tion a large number of cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. The same amount of dullness prevailed in the trade, and many of the animals put up were bought in. Fat cows were sold at about X8 each. Mr. Davies Llwvndu's milch cows were sold at from £ 6 to .€8 each; breeding owes, about 3-ls. each a large boar, for £ 2 2s. An extraordinary crop of potatoes has recently been dug from the land of Mr. Jones, Cwmbwry, Llan- defoilog. The measurement of the piece of land is 3R. IGr., and the produce 5 tons 14 cwt. of good sound potatoes, and at the present market price-X7 10s. per ton-would realise upwards of £ 40. LLANELLY.—On Sunday night last, about 12 o'clock, an accident occurred at the Bryngwyn-mawr colliery, the property of Messrs. Sims, Williams, Nevill, and Co., situated close to the Dafen tin-works, winch might have boon attended with loss of life, in addition to that of property. From some cause the engine drew the ascend- ing cradle so high as to strike against the sheaves with great force, and on being reversed the speed was so great as to cause the second cradle to ascend with fear- ful rapidity. At the top the wire-rope snapped, and on its way to the drum was whipped over the engine-room, and thoroughly demolished the roof. The cradle, fortu- nately, did not fall into the pit, but dropped close by, breaking in its fall a cast-iron plate. In the second cradle the engineer expected one of the workmen to ascend, as he had boon signalled to that effect, and which no doubt added to his perplexity. The workman, how- ever, having a presentiment that everything was not right, got out of the cradle after having taken his place in it, and thereby saved himself from certain death. An inquest was hold before Wm. Bonville, Esq., on the 5th instant upon tho body of George Roberts, a collier, aged 32 years, accideatall)- killed at the Givend- raith Coilery, while at work on the 2nd instant, by a large piece of coal weighing about 2 cwts. falling upon his head. The deceased, who did not survive the accident a second, was anexporienced collier. A verdict of Acci- dental Death" was returned. LLANOYSSUL.—One of the fruits of the near approach of a railway is the formation of a Building Club here, to supply the anticipated demand for house and lodging accommodation when the railway is opened to the town. The advertisement of the Club is in another column. Application has already been made to the ground land- lord for a plot of ground to erect a good hotel, close to the station, with large stabling and other conveniences, to accommodate the horses of the farmers and others which will go there from all parts for the lime and coal traffic. As soon as the line is opened to the town, it is intended to put on omnibusses to Cardigan, Lam- peter, Newquay, and Aborporth, until the contemplated Manchester and Milford Railway shall afford an easier mode of transit to the two former places. Several diversions of roads are planning in the neighbourhood to facilitate the approaches to the railway station by the avoidance of hills, &c. A brickyard is also in treaty for, as most excellent clay has been found close to the station. It is thought, however, that this will not be opened until the railway affords the means of bringing the coal required at a cheap rate. At present it is cheaper to build with the local stone, which is of good quality, than with bricks, though, of course, where space is an object, the building with bricks is necos- sary.—Communicated. OPENIXCI OF LLANSADWRNF.N CHURCH, NEAR LAUG- HARE.-Ollr notice of this event in our last week's im- pression being necessarily,, from the short space of time, incomplete, the following particulars are appended :—The fine weather added to the success of the opening, bring- mg together a large number of the principal inhabitants of the neighbourhood to attend the services, many being unable to obtain admission. The Bishop's sermon was an admirable exposition of the text, from Ephesians iv., and 23rd verse, Be renewed in the spirit of your mind." The afternoon service was more especially designed as a thanksgiving for the harvest. The Rev. R. Lewis, Lampeter Velfre, preached an extempore sermon, the subject being the transfigdration of our Lord in the course of which the rev. preacher remarked that he was forcibly reminded of the scene of this subject by the beautiful position of the church and the configuration of of the surrounding country. The solemnity of the services was enhanced by the superior singing and chanting of the Laugharno Ohurch choir. Ooliectioiii were made at each of the services, which amounted to about ills in addition to which, about Efi was realised by the sale of some ladies' work. The church has been completed in the short space of four months from the commenc;ment, and this, together with the excellence J of workmanship and materials, is highly creditable to tlw watawtw, MI. Tiwmas of teughame.

CARMARTHENSHIRE FARMERS' CLUB. The November Quarterly Meeting was hold on Wed- nesday last, at the Boar's Head Hotel. There were present—Mr. Jas. Buckley, Penyfai (chairman) Mr. J. L. Philipps, Bolahaul; Mr. W. E. Gwyn, Plas Csvrthir; Mr. L. S. Marsh, Treventy; Mr. W. Williams, Tyr- darren Mr. W. Butland, Clynmawr Mr. R. R. Carver, Cwm Mr. D. Prosser, Tygwyn; Mr. Thos. Davies, Noyaddfach, Llandovery; Mr. W. W. Prosser, Cincoed; Mr. Bo wen, Llechdynnen; Mr. R. T. Carver, Cwm; Mr. Thomas Charles, Cwmavel Mr. D. Davies, Lord's Park; Mr. T. Mostyn Davies Mr. D. Evans, Waterloo Terrace; Mr. J. Evans, Pembrcy; Mr. D. Evans, Tyrwaun; Mr. George Goode, Croft Cottage; Mr. D. Griffiths, Dryslwyn Mr. T. P. Harris, Park Cottage Mr. T. Harris, Llandilo-Abercowin Mr. John Jones, Towy Castle; Mr. D. Jones, Croesy- ceilog; Mr. Jeremiah Olive Mr. J. Phillips, Blaen- parcel Mr. J. Richards, Llwynbrain; Mr. J. Howell Thomas, Rushmoor Mr. Thomas Thomas, jun., Nanty- bwla; Mr. D. White, Llettycaru; Sir. J. Davies, Cin- c)i,d; Mr. Stedman Evans, Maesgwyn. The allotment of implements was—Corn Crusher. Mr. Butland, Clynmawr; Chain Harrow, Mr. Evans, Pembrey Pig Trough, Mr. Davies, Lord's Park; Pig Trough, Mr. Evans, Tyrwaun; Poultry Trough, Mr. Jones, Towy Castle; Dung Fork, Mr. Davies, Cincoed; Dung Fork, Mr. Jones, Croesyceilog. 1 he y nairman proposed in appropriate terms the usual loyal toasts. Mr. J. L. Philipps stated that Sir. Buckley had kindly consented to introduce the subject for dis- cussion this evening. Mr. Buckley said-The subject for discussion this evening, The breeding of improved stock," I ap- proach with considerable diffidence, because of its acknowledged difficulty, and the diversity of opinions entertained upon it. It is a-subject, too, I should not have chosen to introduce, but from a conviction of its vast importance to the farmers who derive so large a proportion of their returns from the sale of the young stock they have bred and reared. I trust this discussion will elicit information, for there are those connected with this club who have had considerable experience in the breeding of stock of various kinds. There are certain great natural principles with which (although they may appear somewhat remote) the intelligent breeder of stock should be familiar, and which I am induced to refer to-the rather as those principles have been the subject of attack by men-by men standing high for their attainments in natural science, and doubtless deservedly so, but who, if I may venture an opinion, have had but little experience in the breeding of our domestic animals. I refer to Mr. Darwin and his school. This great naturalist has lately published a work On the Origin of Species," which has been extensively read. He attacks the fundamental principle always held by naturalists of the greatest eminence, that each species of animals was created separately or independently, and has a fixed existence. In opposition to this doctrine he argues that species are mutable and change, not into many varieties merely (which is al- lowed), but that these varieties in the course of time become new species forming a fresh additional group or genus and following the same course of argument he goes on to shew that the whole animal kingdom has descended from at most four or five original progenitors, if not from one prototype, into which life was at first breathed by the Creator; and that all animals have arrived at their present state of perfection by a natural process of improvement-the human species among the rest. At a lecture delivered a few months ago by Sir. Huxley, a disciple of Mr. Darwin's, at the British Association, the Bishop of Oxford said—" If I may be allowed to inquire, would you rather have an ape for your grandfather or grandmother r" The enthusiastic naturalist replied, I would rather have had apes on both sides for my ancestors, than human beings so warped by prejudice that they were afraid to behold the truth." Sir. Darwin's book however abounds with interesting observations into nature, such as only a man of his great acquirements could make, and will be much read but the deductions he draws are doubtless falla- cious. When we find that he claims untold ages to bring about these changes, and calls such a period as from the date of the creation a fragment of time, it looks something like begging the question. But mere theory will not do for the farmer, his business is essentially practical; and it is quite sufficient for his purpose to know that the domestic animals with which he has to deal have at least continued speciiically the same for the last 2000 years or more. It can be shewn that there has been no specific change in them during that period. We therefore take it as a law of nature that species do not change,' but are specifically per- manent. Nature seems to have placed a guard that every species should continue unmixed and unchanged, for a cross-bred animal or hybrid, the offspring of a cross between two distinct species is a barren mule, and incapable of producing offspring like itself or any offspring at all, except in a few solitary instances when again paired with a pure species, and in those cases it has appeared a mere struggle into life. I met, however, an article, exceedingly interesting and well written, in the Oonihill Magazine of May last, in support of the above theory, and attempting to overthrow the doctrine of the fixity of species by the announcement of a new animal having been produced between a hare and a rabbit that proved perfectly fertile; that a number of them had been breeding freely among themselves for many generations, and that they constituted a now type of animals. This statement interested me so much that I was very desirous to get a sight of the new animal, believing it to be the first new type or species ever produced, and concluded that it would make its ap- pearance at the Crystal Palace Rabbit Show; and indeed rabbits were shewn there professing to be hare-rabbits, but no satisfactory account was given of them. Some rabbit fanciers stated that they had tried to got the cross, but had utterly failed for when the hares and rabbits were put togother they fought to such a degree that they would have killed one another had they not been separated. From what I have as yet learnt, I expect they were even worse cases than any that have sought relief under the new Divorce Act. Who can give credit to such a thing on a mere state- ment for the structure, external, and internal, as well as the habits of the two animals are widely different, The hare breeds only twice, or at most, three times in the year, and has only from two to four young at each litter whereas the rabbit breeds say six or eight times, and has four to eight at each litter. I think we may rest satisfied that wo have nothing to expoct from a cross between two different species, besides a barren hybrid. Now as to the crossing of varieties of the same species, have wo not some improvement to expect from that source—that is, the crossing of one breed with another — I use the terms breeds and varieties as synonimous. This has become a subject of great interest. 1 think that experienced breeders and naturalists, who have paid considerable attention to this subject are at length becoming of opinion that we have nothing to hope for after the first cross. Our most eminent agricultural writers, Youett among the rest, were in the habit of attributing the origin of our improved breeds of cattle, and all our other improved domestic animals, to crosses with other breeds but I believe experience of late years goes to shew that there is a fixedness or permanency about varieties as well as about species; and that you cannot by crossing two varieties produce an intermediate variety, that shall be able again to produce offspring like itself. All our varieties will breed frooly, and a first cross is usually a very robust strong-constitutioned animal, but then we must stop, the form cannot be continued. For instance, a cross between a Shorthorn bull and Ayrshire cow, produces a handsome robust beast shewing externally the Shorthorn character —most excellent for the dairy, and afterwards for the butcher; in fact, a kind of intermediate animal, and so symmetrical and profitahlo that we would like 'to continue the race as a new breed but we find that we cannot, for she will not produce offspring like herself, even though paired with a mate of a similar cross to herself. Breed with J such for several generations until you have a large herd, and you will find that you have a mixed degenerate lot of mongrels, some of them crying back to the Shorthorn side, and some to the Ayrshire, and not two alike among them. Try the same experiment with a cross between the Shorthorn and Hereford, or Devon, and the result will be the same, but even more striking, as there is a wider difference between the breeds of the original parents. Thus there is a permanency in our varieties or breeds. They will mix in a first cross, but not blend, if I may so speak, for in the next generation they will begin to separate. If it were not so, the distinctive character of varieties would be soon lost- they would becomo extinct. As we do not find varieties in any species of our wild animals, it becomes clear that the varieties into which every species of our domestic animals have branched must be the result of the altered circumstances of food, climate, &c., to which domosti- cation subjects them. But the ohango or variation is the work of nature, not the work of man, who does not know what variation takes place until he sees it; but when he does observe the variation, he is able to culti- vate it, and bring it out to its fullest extent by judicious selection and pairing. For instance, the Blue Rock dove, from which all the varieties of our domestic pigeons are derived, never alters or varies in its wild state, but under the influences of domestication it has run into many varieties. Take one of these (the Fantail pigeon) as an example :—Slan would observe in some individuals a disposition to that fan-like development of the tail, which being elegant (for the forms exhibited by nature under improving circumstances are always beautiful) he would try to perpetuate, and by selection and pairing he would cultivate it to its fullest extent. For two of these, in which this development was largest, being paired, their offspring would exhibit the desired peculiarity of tail still more fully, and by following the same course the greater excellence in that particular would be attained. So with the Carrier pigeon as to its pecu- liarities, and the Powter as to ita large development of crop. But if th<^ amateur pigeon-fancier designed to produce. a new variety between two of these he could not do it. Thus we see that species, under the altered circumstances of domestication, will develope itself in various forms or varieties, which vye. may cultivate to great perfection, but we cannot alter them. We may mj* tlism by but tbey will not fwwtt so, but go back again to the original form. This we may in some measure, trace. Look at the mixed (mongrel) fowls in our farm yards, the dogs about our streets, or cattle in our fairs, and we may appoint each individual of them to the breed from which it originally sprung, and I believe that the whole of them might, by careful selection and pairing, be bred back again into their original varieties. There have been many specu- lations as to the origin of the Shorthorn variety of cattle. and also how their improvement was effected. Youatt, in his invaluable work on cattle, says, "No doubt can be entertained that they originated from a judicious crossing with other breeds but surely if such a system had been practised, we should have heard something of it. I am quite convinced that our native breeds, such as the Shorthorns, Herefords, Devons, and our own Blacks, are pure varieties of nature's own forming, and that they have been improved by man in the several localities in which they are now found. From the earliest periods the counties of Durham and York had been famous for a breed of cattle similar to the Shorthorns—doubtless the Shorthorn breed. A spirit of improvement had mani- fested itself about a century ago among the breeders of this varicty occupying the rich grazing lands on the banks of the river Tees, which soon raised their cattle in quality and form above the common Short- horns. We are, however, mainly indebted to one man for the pedigreed race of highly improved Shorthorns, so much esteemed at the present time. The breeder to whom I refer, was a Mr. Charles Colling, and his great success was mainly owing to the surpassing excellence of one animal he chanced to get possession of; but, still, it was his great judgment that enabled him to avail himself of such a circumstance. This animal was" the bull Hubback. From him, may I not say, all the high-bred Shorthorns claim their descent Hubback being the great-grand-sire of the bull Favourite. It was about the year 1777 that Charles Colling met with Hubback, and set about the work of improving the Shorthorns with all the energy of an enthusiast. Such was his success, that at his sale, in the year 1810, his stock of forty-eight Shorthorns realised £7115; his bull Comet fetching 1,000 guineas. It is well known that Mr. Colling experimented by trying crosses with several other breeds, and that they were failures. It is stated that a cross he. hied with a Galloway heifer was successful,—that having taken this one cross he bred back again to the Shorthorn until all trace of the peculiarities of the Galloway were bred out; but that the deep round barrel, short fine legs, and soft curly hair of the Galloway were retained, though, occasion- ally, a dark muzzel, or a little dark hair approaching black, will break out in some individuals and betray the original cross. That there is a strain that sometimes produces individuals with these dark colors and called the alloy, there is no question; but as to the above being the cause, I think it would be easy to shew the absurdity, if there wore time. If any advantage is to be derived from a cross at all, no doubt the mode stated must be tho way to effect it—the taking one cross and then going back to the pure breed. But how, I would ask, are some points to be retained while others must be got rid of by breeding them out ? How is it that our noted breeders of the present day, who have greater facilities than Colling, do not practice the same thing: It is a pity that Colling should have been so reserved as he appears to have been as to his plans and practice but I believe that there is every reason to conclude he derived nothing but trouble and disappointment from his crossing experiments. It appears, I think, that Sir. Colling must have bred, what is termed, in and in, and that very closely at the commencement, and so, too, must the succeeding great breeders, otherwise, what is termed their blood would not be esteemed, and realise such prices as it does at the present day. I noticed a few weeks ago in the Marie Lane Express, that Sir. Douglas's heifer Queen of Athelstono, had boon par- chased for 500 guineas by Lady Pigott, and his Almanack Belle for 200, by the same lady. Slany, I am persuaded, have injured their stocks from the notion that a con- tinual change of blood was advantageous, and so have admitted what was inferior to their own. There are some strong opponents to breeding in and in, that is closely in the same families, and a-lecturo in the Mark Lane Express lately even calls it incestuous but surely this must be a mistake, for it does not follow that because the Great Ruler of all has prohibited marriage within certain degrees of relationship to a moral a font like man, and has attached to it probably the penalty of physical and mental debility, that it should be the same with tho brute creation. We know in fact that it is not so, but that it is the natural economy of some species to pair in their own families. The dove tribe for instance, wild and domestic, invariably produce a nest of two young ones at a time, which are usually male and female, and which in due time pair again; and that so strictly that twenty pair may be kept in any aviary, and there shall be no mixture, but each variety will continue true, This tends to make pigeon fancying and keeping easy. Again a covey of partridges continue together through the winter. until pairing time in the spring. Are we to suppose that then the male birds of one covey go to seek partners in another covey, and vitv versa l Is it not much more likely that they pair among themsolves ? Those birds or animals that are gregarious, and assemble periodically in large flocks, may and probably do pair into other families than their own. It is argued that a want of stamina and constitutional barrenness is the result of close breeding for a lengthened period, and no doubt there is something in it; therefore those at the greatest distance as to relationship should be selected, but con- sistently with tho particular points to be cultivated. The difficulty is—where the whole herd has to be im- proved by the introduction of one superior animal, as in Colling's case, and it is by no means an uncommon case. I would not, however, admit anything inferior to mv own stock, either in appearance or pedigree, for the sake of change, and oare should be taken not to attribute defects, &e., to the cause of too close breeding with which it may not bo chargeable. Another important consideration to be taken into account by the breeder of improved stock is tho respective influence of tho sire and dam in the production of the particular points or qualities desired in their issue. It is only experience derived from long observation that can form the basis of anv- thing like accurate judgment as to this particular: still there are some general rules that will be some guide. I may perhaps vonturo to say that the influence of the male parent will predominate in the production of color, size, and form, and that of the female in constitution and temper, and perhaps in quality but all this will be greatly qualified by other circumstances. About 13 years ago I kept a largo dairy hord of about 3Q cows some of them superior Ayrshires. but the breer part were our Blacks. The bull I kept with them was a remarkably fine shorthorn, a pure bred pedicyrce ammah The calves from both the macs and Ayrshires took chieny after their sire in color, size and form a? far as I could judge the sizio was such that they fetched an incroased price from the butcher. I have had calves occasionally from Ayrshire cows, whose sire was out- native black bull, and they were invariably black or something approaching it, but I never kept any of them. When I changed my stock and began to keep Alderneys (about six years ago) I was not only desirous of having cattle of the best form and quality, but of getting them all self coloured fawn, with black muzzles and hoofs, and a black tuft at tho end of the tail, that being n Buckinghamshire fancy. I could get such there by paying an enormous prico for them, which I was not dispose:! to do, but hoped to find some in Jersey. After however driving about the island for three days, I did not suGceel in getting a single one, and so bought some spotted ones of superior form and quality. To go with these, I had an Alderney bull from Buckinghamshire having the color and points just mentioned, and which color and points had been bred into his family for many generations. The result is that I breed a large propor- tion of the calves liko him. This year out of nine heifer calves, I have seven fawns with Vtie black points although nearly all their motherr, are spotted. Such was the influence of the sire as to color, but I had form and quality too. The same kind of influence is found to extend to all our domestic animals. Our poultry—the chickens of a Cochin China hen and Dorking cock, have the Dorking plumage, color and form, but some feathers on the logs, the want of the fifth toe, the strength of constitution, and buff colored eggs, speak for the Cochin China mother. Now reverse the parentage. Tho chickens of the Dorking hen and Cochin China cook are so thoroughly Cochin China in plumage, color, and form, that they have been frequently (in the hey days of China) sold for them; bat singularly enough they 'have always the fifth toe of the Dorking, which betrays their origin. The mule and hinney are a striking example that the external form goes after the sire, and the internal after tho dam. The hinney is more like the horse, but the mule is the better animal, having the natural constitution of the mare its dam. The Arabs look chiefly to the mare for endurance, the English to the horse for figure and speed. Evon in the vegetable kingdom the same principle reigns, and is well known to those nurserymen, who bring out new varieties of fruits, flowers, and A-egetables. For instance, -the pollen taken from the early frame pea to fructify a marrowfat blossom, will produce only a small pea like the male parent, and less hardy, following the marrowfat; but reverse the case, and take the pollen from the marrowfat to fructify the early frame, and a pea is obtained large in size from, the influence of tho male parent, and more hardy in nature from the mother, if I may so speak. But to breed first class stock of any kind, there can be no doubt that equal care must be bestowed in selecting the most perfect and pure animals on both sides. Some of our noted shorthorn men made a grand mistake at first in this particular. They calculated that by pro- curing a bull of the best and purest blood and cows of good points but without pedigree, they should attain their object of producing stock that would be up to the mark; but they were sadly disappointed, and after years of fruitless attempt, were obliged to soil off ap- i heffin again. Then- stock was fair and feto-hod good ordinary prices, but far below what thoir after stock realised, which was bred from pedigreed animals on both sidl's. I can refer you TO J speak of. I am satisfied that of 1.\13 make a great mistake in breeding horses, particularly by th6 use of mixed bred entire horses. Whatever kind of horses we are breeding, whether Blood Horses, Dray Horses, the Suffolk Punch.. or, or Welsi* Moiataiu JPoaws, 1 am weU wtiafied