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THE BRilSH EXPEDITION. !

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THE BRilSH EXPEDITION. CAMP BEFORE SEBASTOPOL, NOV. 24. Scarcely had the ink dried on the paper of my last letter before the weather, which I had been praising for its ex- traordinary fineness, suddenly changpd, and with a rapidity of transition only known in the Crimea, as far as I am aware, rushed from summer to winter. A strong wind, which varied in direction several times before it settled down to a southerly gale, commenced on the afternoon of Saturday. Rain fell during the night; to-day it is falling in torrents, with every appearance of holding out; the verge of.the plateau is concealed by the dense veil of drift- ing clouds the ground is converted into the thick compost so familiar to us last winter; the camp is covered with pools of water, and the gullies and drains are filled with the rushing waters. But this rain is welcome to us, for the scarcity of water, which I ventured to predict many months ago and which sanitary commissioners and great philoso- phers proved to their own satisfaction to be impossible, had become a serious inconvenience for some time past. If one was so fortunate as to get water to wash his face, the pro- ceeding was a mockery, a delusion, and a snare," inas- much as the medium through which it was performed was a thick peaso>)p coloured fluid, churned up from the bottom of the wells. The Fourth Division suffered considerably from this cause, and no one who has not actually endured the discomforts consequent upon the announcement of no water to-day" can form a notion of the trouble, delay, and difficulty of supplying the want. The army is getting into better shape and form every day. Excellent warm clothing' has been issued to the men, and so uniform is it in style that no one can distinguish officers from men, unless by the difference of style and bearing. Our allies are astonished at the profuseness of our military wardrobe, which not only contains a waterproof suit, helmet and all, but fur coats and caps, cowhide boots, tweed coats lined with cat or rabbit skin, &c., and, for the officers, suits of sealskin, sold at moderate prices. The French only receive from their Go vernment an ordinary cloth capote, and must buy any waterproofs or furs which they may find necessary. The sheepskin coats of last year are not in much favour they have a very high odour, and are found to be extremely sought after as residences by objectionable insects of pre- datory habits. The huts blown down by the explosion are nearly rebuilt, but the extent of canvas-cohering which is still visible over the camp would astonish those who im- agine all the troops are within wooden walls. However, a good double tent well pitched and dug out is more com- fortable for one nun than most. huts would be, as it is ex- tremely difficult to stanch the latter, and the former is always sure to be air and watertight. For a sergeant's guard, however, a tent is very uncomfortable, because there can be no fireplace in it which would not expose some of the inmates to be roasted, and stoves are found to smoke with wood and coal, and to be dangerous with charcoal. The cookhouses offer guarantees for the health of the men, and with the blessing of Heaven the army will not suffer any serious detriment from the severities of this climate, although it would be too much to expect entire freedom from some kind of piivations on the part of an army cantoned on the open ground during a Crimean winter. MONDAY. The weather, ever capricious in the Crimea is varying and mutable beyond description. The morning wa3 ob- scure, but about 3 o'clock the wind hauled round from west north-west to north, and brought with it a clearer at- mosphere and intense cold. But the cold for the time being, got rid of the mud-that horrible, sticky, abomina- ble, clinging, slippery c-mbination earth and water which drives clean tent-owners mad, which defies Crimean scra- pers. and makes pedestrians walk on impromptu stilts, which disappedr and collect at every half dozen steps, j But to-morrow's sun, if there be any, will deprive us of this cold comfort, and will make men think twice before they ride out to Kamiesch or Balaklava. The roads are not yet settled down, although a good deal of traffic has been driven upon them by the mud, and the country is as unfavourable to the progression of man or beast as it is usually about this time of year in these parts of the world. The roads, indeed, even now, when we have no trenches, no prospects of attack, no want of labour-the roads are even now objects of much interest to us all. The whist- ling locomotives on the railway -the Alliance, the Victory which recall to us the familiar sounds of Wolverton or of Didcot, and make us believe for the moment we are in a civilised country, are not to be taken as material guar- antees for the possession of material comforts in the com- ing winter. Trains may be snowed up in the Crimea as in England, and, despite the efforts of Lr.nd Transport and Commissariat, supplies of certain articles cannot be accu- mulated in any large proportion to the wants of the army at the divisional depots. What do you think of 319 sheep being killed in one day for a single division of the army, and of that division requiring 100 more sheep to be sacri- ficed before they had their pound of flesh" and their full allowance of meat rations ? But these roads are very good and give no just ground for apprehension of failure, though it is the habit of some persons either to sneer at them as being too Romanesque in grandeur and solidity, or to pro- phesy their dissolution in the winter. Mr. Beatty, with small means at his command, has placed the railway on an excellent basis, as far as wood, iron, and stone can secure it. The soundness of his judgment in laying out the line is confirmed by Mr. Doyne's adoption of a course very neaily parallel to it throughout for the main road between Balaklava and the camp, a tribute which has not been unattended by evils, in as much as the parallelism has given rise to the fears that the proximity of the one may interfere with the safe working of the other. Mr. Beatty goes home immediately, if, indeed, he has not already gone, and I much regret that he has been obliged to retire from a post in which he rendered services not only to the army collectively, but to many individuals in it, who will always retain a deep sense of his kindness and friendly as- sistance in times of domestic difficulty about huts and transports. Already the mud is beginning to tell on our animals. I saw no less than seven dead mules and horses in one little guily crossing the line of transport yesterday. Melancholy quadrupeds, with sore backs and rib-developed flanks, whom nobody cares to own, begin even thus early to wander about the camp, and to crawl to the lee of I sheltering walls. The Russians, having made good roads between their camps, and having established themselves comfortable on the other side of the Tchernaya, seem re- solved to give us an uneasy time of it in Sebastopol, and never ceased firing to-day from one end of the bay to the other. I ventured to express an opinion almost imme- diately after the capture 01 the south side, that the enemy's preparations indicated the intention of wintering where they lay. We have been all too prone, not only in Eng- land, bat out here, to calculate on advantages to be gained by the privations to which the enemy would be exposed, or by imaginary wants to which thpy were likely in our opini- on to be subjected. But the Russian is well supplied with munitions of war and with the means of subsistance. The whole strength of the empire has bten devoted to the sup- plies of the Crimean army, and the Russian General no doubt calculates on the concentration of such a foice in the Crimea next spring as will enable him to meet the allies in every point which they may assail, knowing that Perekop is unassailable by a large force owing the want of water, and to its geographical position, and that no army can operate in the rear of bis position in consequence of the nature or the country. It is not because St. Vladimir was converted in the Cri- mea that Prince Gortschakoff holds Mackenzie's Farm and the plateau of the Belbek and Tchernaya. But he knows that until be is dislodged the allies are paralyzed, and that they can establish no safe basis of operations against Nicolaief or Cherson while he is at Simpheropol, for it would be contrary to common sense to leave such an army in their rear and flank. He hopes, therefore, either to hold the Crimea next campaign, or to be able to make such dispositions in the event of a great defeat as will in- insure the safe retreat of his army by Perekop and Tchon- gar, and perhaps a third road, of the existence of which across the Sivash there are very strong indications. The electric telegraph has kindly aided him in establishing himself all the more securely, for the rumour of a ltus- sian attack to which it gave official weight, prevented the occnpation of Kaffa and the destruction of Arabat this autumn and who can s.iy how the country behind Theo- dot-ia (Kaffa) will be seamed with batteries should we try a descent next spring ? Talk of the harm done by newspa- per correspondents compared with that which has been done by the electric tele;7 by the electric telegraph The first expedition to Kertch, the despatch of the Highlanders to Eupatoria, and the ex- pedition to Kaffa were all prevented by our electric batter- ies at London and Paris, and it is very questionable if they did not do the allies more harm than the Russian guns. The French were, indeed, averse to the Kaffa movement, and Admiral Bruat was, it appears, more es- pecially opposed to it; but there is no reason to doubt that it would have been successful, and the occupation of that place and the destruction of Arabat, would have most ma- terially complicated the difficulty of the Russian position, and contributed to the strength of the allies. 6 P.M. The north batteries have been playing on the south side with little intermission all day. This forenoon they open- ed a cannonade on the French near the Little Redan, from the 12-guii battery at Inkermann, and dispersed some working parties, but did them no harm. They have kept up a fire since at the rate of two guns a minute on the. town and on the docks and as they direct their fire on the houses, it would seem as though they wished to knock over those buildings which would afford cover to the allies. Nevertheless, the working parties continue he proces of demolition, TUESDAY. Last night the cold increased, and a hard frost set in. The thermometer fell to 18 degress this morning, and may have been lower during the night. The water in bottles in my hut froze, oils thickened, and wine hecame muddy, opaque, and filled with spicula of ice. It is now snowing, and the camp is of an opaque whiteness. There would be every prospect of the snow continuing if we could judge from the appearance of the atmosphere. The enemy have renewed:their fire this morning. It would seem as if they had received orders not to let the allies remain in the town. Our batteries do not reply, and beyond the annoy- ance to which our menare exposed it does not much sig- nify whether the Russrans waste or save their powder and shot, as they do no real damage. CAXP OF THE ALLIED ARIIES ON THE TCHERNAYA, Nov. 26. For the last two days, especially on Sunday, we had for the first time something approaching to last year's Novem- ber weather-strong southwesterly winds, low heavy banks of c!ouds, sharp showers of raiu, and real Crimean mud. But this avant garde of winter, so formidable last year, has ceased to inspire fear and apprehension, especially as regards this part of our position. All the Highlanders are in huts, so are the Piedmoiitese and the French at Baidar. The French on the Fedukhine heights are indeed still under canvas, but not under the tentes d'abri. They have got a great number of Turkish double tents, which if properly stretched are water-tight, while the pules, made of one solid piece of wood, resist any wind, as was proved last year in the gale of the 14th of November. Even these tents, how- ever, are gradually disappearing. As it is, more than three- fourths of the allied armies on this side are in comfortable shelter, whence they can brave storm and rain. There is no want of provUms either. The Highland Division has not, P in this respect, been behind the other English divisions on the plateau of Sebastopol, as every one can see from far oft rvache* (be duwih of A FiedoMntaK magazine. Pyramids of biscuit-sacks, rows of barrels with salt, meat and rum, piles of corn and hay, are striking I evidences of the foresight and diligence exhibited in collect- ing ample stores for the winter, especially as the brushwood abounding all around dispenses with the transport of that., portant item-fuel. The Sardinians and the French, not including those at Baidar, have not thought it necessary to form large stores they send to their depots at Balaklava and Kakiloi.i In the Sardinian army the soldiers have always two days rations in hand, and every battalion has to piovide for the transport from the depots, which, while active operation^ire going on, are always supposed to be at the distance of half a day's march. Their system of transport differs, in this way, entirely from the French. To the French army the train" forms a distinct body, not permanently attached to any division or regiment. The whole care of providing for "the army rests on it, without any participation of the re- giments or divisions. Only when a body of men is de- tached from the bulk of the army, at too great a distance to be daily provided for from the depots, a certain proportion of the train is attached to it. In the Sardinian army, on the contrary, each battalion has a certain number of carts and baggage animals perma- nently attached to it. This regulation is of course only cal- culated for warfare in the civilized countries of Europe, with numbers of villages and uood roads, where no tents are required; five two-wheeled carts form the complement of each bat talion one of these is destined to carry the officers' luggage, and the rest are for the troops. The Piedmontese officers, having no bLt horses, as in the English army, are allowed one chest of 3 feet by 2 to carry their things in it 24 of these chests, the number of officers in a battalion, fit exactly in one of these covered carts, drawn by two mules, besides the three days' rations for the officers, which the soldier has to carry with him. In consequence of the peculiar circumstances which must prevail in a campaign in such an inhospitable country as the Crimea, this ratio has been augmented, and two carts are now allowed for the officers of each battalion. But notwithstanding this aug- mentation, and the fact that the Corps del Trono has to I transport the officers' baggage, you will be surprised to hear that the Piedmontese army out here require only 1,200 baggage animals. There is no doubt that the Emperor Alexander has visited the Crimea. He arrived on the 8th inst. in Simpheropol. The reviews of the troops cannot have given him much satisfaction, for, if the accounts of deserters may be trusted, they are by no means in a brilliant state. The regiments, they say, are so reduced that most of them have been melted down to two battalions, and, if the orders which have been given to send 20 men from each company into the interior to instruct recruits are carried out, some regiments will altogether disappear. The 33d infantry Regiment, Borodyn- sky, belonging to the 17th division—a regiment which took part in the battles of Alma and Inkermann—has already had an order to that effect. It will be incorporated or. rather divided among the other regiments of the division, with the promise that it should be reformed in times of peace. The artillery seems not to be much better off than the infantry, especially that part of it which is in front on the plateau. One deserter says that the horses were in such wretched con- dition when the Emperor reviewed them that he reprimand- ed the colonel publicly. Ihe consequence was that the batteries, which were reviewed the next day on some other point, had the beat artillery horses brought up for the occasion from the batteries in the rear, where the horses were in better condition, having been less exposed and fatigued. The-field artillery, which is on the plateaux in front of the Russian position, is, it is stated, only waiting for the first rains, when all danger of an attack from the allies is sup- posed to cease, in order to retire from their exposed position into the interior where they can shelter their horses. If this be true, it would imply that the whole time while we were putting off expeditions and parading every morning in order to be ready to receive the Russians these latter made similar preparations. There is another circumstance which strengthens this supposition not a little, and this is—that the Russian inhabitants of Simpheropol were, some time after the fall of Sebastopol, invited to abandon the place and to retire into the interior of Russia-a thing which many of them actually did in the expectation of an attack from tha allied armies. It would be a curious, and, perhaps, not altogether unprofitable question, to inquire which party was more justified in its apprehensions at any rate, the Russian reaped the benefit of our ludicrous, but rather expensive fight, with shadows. The official announcement from St. Petersburg, which we saw in one of your last numbers, that the Russian army in the Crimea is provided with provisions for eight months is, if not literary, at least to a certain extent, borne out by information gleaned from the spjt. There are said to be considerable stores of provisions heaped up in Simpheropol and Duvenkoi, where the Russian reserves are. The Russians seem rather anxious about the Tchongar road, and they have thrown up batteries near the bridge, as well as on both the peninsulas which it connects. The Tchon- gar and not the Perekop road is said to be their main channel of communication with the interior, which is not at all surprising, as this latter is more exposed, owing to the contiguity of the allied forces at Eupatoria. As regards the disposition of the Russian troops in the Crimea, we hear that there are still 11 divisions of infantry remaining in the south, two having gone north. Immedi- ately after the fall of Sebastopol, when the French went down towards the Upper Belbek, a great number of troops were sent that way, so that from the pass of Aitodor down to Albared and Kutshuk Sioren there were seven divisions, the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th reserve; and the 15th, the 16th, and 17th were on the Mackenzie heights, the 4th and 5th at Inkermann, the 12th in the Severnaia, and the 11th on the Belbek. When the demonstration from Eupatoria forced the Russians to show front in that direction the 4th and 5th were sent there; the llth came down from the Belbek to take their place and the 8th was sent to replace the latter. Since the fall of Sebastopol not a man of regular troops is said to have arrived in the Crimea only about20,000militia. These latter were of those enrolled in April last. Probably, in order to work on the religious feelings of the new con- scripts, they were all enrolled during the holy week-23 in 1,000. They were of all ages, from 17 to Biij-boys and old ineii --no distinction was made; whether they were married or not, they were taken according to the will of their owners, who naturally sent those who were of least use to them. The new conscripts were drilled for a month, and then sent off. They are dressed like the other Russian soldiers, minus the buttons, which have been replaced by three clasps for the sake of economy they get the same pay as regular soldiers, and are divided into druschines or battalions of 1,000 men. Each draschine is attached to some division, and takes alter- nately the outpost duty besides this, the militia are con- sidered as the" handy Bills" of the regular troops, do all the whitewashing, &c. They form the laughing-stock of the regular army, and are bullied by the inferior officers, although they say the generals are kind to them. Nov. 27. For a change we had a frost last night, and this morning a slow, regular snowfall.

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