The Welshman

I LITERARY NOTICES. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE for February, takes, in its first paper, a friendly, yet just view of Goldsmith's life Forster and Washington Irving are alike remonstrated with for glossing certain defects in the poet's character which justice does not require to be concealed. We think Blackwood quite correct in saying that Goldsmith was very vain, and that to his vanity may be attributed much of the eccentricity and the misfortune that were mixed up with his career. A tale founded on the Irish rebellion of 1641 is somewhat novel in the pages of this tvriali and it is not often that Blackwood treats so nar- rowly of the personnel of names distinguished in the French Literature as he has done in this number of IYAubign6 and Madame Maintenon. Nevertheless, both papers have much in them that is instructive. The 0, Memoir of W. Collins" though clever in itself comes to us after a flood of others-and therefore rather lacks novelty. The Green Hand" is continued, and then comes another of those essays which have so occupied the political world as to have necessitated the publication of a second edition of the part for January. But Bri- tish Agriculture and Foreign Competition, No. II" will fall heavily on political readers. The question of Pro- tection has now for ever been set at rest by the votes on the Address in the Lords and Commons. A real novelty is added to the number, being an appendix of 119 pages containing the opinions of the press on the article given in the January number. Pretty good proof this of the attention and excitement that the discussion of Pro- tectionist principles has given rise to. THE DcBLix UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE, for February, raises the question of the safety of our Canadian pos- sessions and the chance which the cool and quiet working for separation and annexation has of being successful. The writer urges on the government the necessity and urgency of retracing that system of policy which began with the offensive Rebellion Losses Indemnity Bill. A few more Random Records of a Ramble in the East," contains several chapters of interesting information and The Life Insurance" is a pleasant tale that illustrates how much wisdom and how much of silliness may he combined in a monomaniac-and how terrible are the consequences of Living on Appearances. Irish Ter- rorists" and "The Mysterious Lodger" are continued, and Major O'Connor communicates some useful information "n the Links connecting the Atlantic and Pacific," some brief remarks on "Rome, Ancient and Modern," and a careful examination of the Life and Correspon- dence of Southey, and some political articles fill up the list of contents. T.IT's EDINBURGH MAGAZINE for February.—" Hy- perborrana," and British Policy in the Indian Archi- pelago" we need hardly stay to comment upon. The JC Winter Pictures" are divided to Copenhagen and its attractions. Miss Brown's tale of The Midnight Pro- cession" is continued, and there are some Hints on the Franchise" supplementary to those in the January number. There are many brief smart papers-too nu- merous, &c. as the Auctioneers say—amongst them a clezer revie-.voftlie Sculptures of Modern Athens." BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY for February.—Mr. Robert Bell's LADDER OP GOLD" is ably continued, and some admirable new characters are introduced. Mr. Tom Chippendale, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, is likely to prove a main assistant in Richard Rawlings's progress up i'the Ladder"ind if we do not greatly mistake the purport of the story. -down again also. The difficulties of the house of Sarkens, Brothers, and the entanglement of Lord Dragonfelt in their monetary troubles are told with a sketchy truthfulness which is extremely pleasing, while the puppyish toadyism of Mr. Pompey Ragstaffe to his friend, Lord Valteline, is, we regret to say, too really characteristic of high life not to be immediately appreciated. The mode in which the agreement of the conditions of the loan,—and also the noble lord-are done," is uncommonly well told; an:l the consternation of poor Crikey Snaggs at Lord Valteline's "prodigious jlplash" is extremely amusing. The tale of AMERICAN Humoua, in which Simon Supers teaches his reverend papa how to cut Jack," is inimitably ludicrous, and by way of contrast, a neat poem by Alfred Crowquill ap- propriately follows. We have extracted it, and our readers will find it in this column, above. Mr. Maxwell's %K RICHARD RAFFERTY, ESQ. IN SEARCH OF A FOR- TUNE" is extremely desultory, and not very entertaining. I MY FIRST WINTER IN THE WOODS" is a second transatlantic tale. c. CARDINAL SIXS" exhibits a curious picture of Italian Life, while the French SOUVENIR'S" are interesting to all who reverence the nipmory of royal doings. BILL BRISKET AND DOLLY Dips, 11 in the atyle of the immortal Tom Hood, is worth the price of the whole number, containing a piece of unctuous hu- mour and racy punning quite refreshing. Old Times" and some recollections of the celebrated French Mu- flician," Chopin," together with a talented review of the Literature of the month, complete a more than usually excellent BENTLEY. THE ART JOURNAL for February.—This Journal is our greatest relief. When politics and political dis- cussions and arduous duties of various kinds have trou- bled the mind and tried the brain, we turn to it as to a friend. And what a fund of consolation! The beau- tiful is always consoling if the mind be not so dulled by contact with the rough world, as to refuse to drink in relief. In the present part of the Journal the engravings are peculiarly captivating. The Woodland Gate" reminds as of the happy days when a swing on the wicket was a lordly indulgence and Sir J. Reynolds's The Age of Innocence" is one of his happiest conceptions." The Greek Slave," is of a very different class, but without embodying much to commend and admire. Among the letter-press we find mural painting" treated of; Pho- tography on glass plates," and Linear Perspective" are handled in a popular manner, and a very good bio- graphy of Chantrey, and an autobiography of Redgrave are given. "Passages from the Polts" and "Original Designs for Manufactures" afford opportunity for intro- ducing many woodcuts. A Dictionary of Terms in Art" is commenced, and five pages, with illustrations are given. This will be a valuable feature Mrs. Hall's Pilgrimage is to the Monument of Wren. Many other minor subjects are appropriately treated. CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL, for January, faithful to the Editors', contains four more chapters of the Tracings of the North of Europe worthy of mi- nute attention are Chateau Life in England, Green Garments," and Absence of Mind," are worthy of close attention. PUNCH gives his Almanack with the present part. It is full of humour and good tempered satire. The Cali- fornia page is a perfect mine of wealth —not exactly gold. THE PEOPLE'S REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND PRO- GREsS. Excelsior! Edited by Friends in Council. No. I. London: C. Mitchell, Red Lion Court. Ano- ther pew monthly, and published at a low price! The Editors arc men already celebrated in literary circles, on account of what they have done. They wield much ta- lent, and have a distinct purpose in view. But it seems to have become a rule that men with a purpose must also have the control of a periodical. The aim of Friends in Council" seems to be to circulate correct Jdeas regarding the new faiths that are continually dawn- ing upon the world. Thus in the number before us there is a plain speaking confirmation of the growing belief that quarterly reviews are neither so wise, so just, nor po trustworthy as they have been deemed. The same article defines communism and explains its aims, and pomments on the unfairness shewn by the Xorth British Review in treating of the Labour Agitation. Another writer gives a clear and succinct History of the Taxes on Knowledge. A Jhird enters into an interesting argu- ment to prove that Strafford was a despot from principle. And we believe he has established his assertion. Under the title of Fox, Newman, an¡l Froudc," the new theo- logy of which these writers are exponents, is explained. •" The Infinity of Beauty," and a criticism of Elliott's More Verse and Prose" follows. Bob Fiim contributes a portion pf Twenty-six Cuts at the Times." These are doggrel verses decrying Poor Law Commissioners, Bayonets, Earls, &c., and helped out by an eccentric alphabet. Briefly, we will say that much wisdom and originality and straightforwardness are displayed in these pages. The writers have distinct views, and these are put into elegant and eloquent language. While we cannot say we sympathize with the purpqse of the Edi- tors, we admire their earnestness. They are of such as patriots should be made. Truth will never suffer in their hands. An nnright and (,I,I,nqrit is ilw,-tys more dpsirabl" tlrni a friend who is not scrupulous as to the Ulcaus he Usvs. if men propagate error we i.kc ihein fq$o so in an impartial .tud temperate manner. And ;n these qualities the People's Revieto fairly outvies its larger and older rivals. W. e will give OIlC sprcimen of I the style and tendency of the work The preclusive doctrines of Labour Reformists may be thus stated:— As it is with ol)itiioii, so it is with acts. Opinions do not admit of moral distinction. They admit only of logical distinction. Morally, all convictions—whether of belief disbelief, or doubtare equally honourable; but log:- cally tliev are not equally correet-tliey may be right, they may be wrong. So of human actions. Viewed in relation to their origin, the acts of the virtuous man and the acts of the vicious man are equally independent of moral judgment, because both men are equally the pas- sive pro(luct of circumstances. Csesar and Brutus stand on the same level, both owed to nature and condition, the disposition which made one a lover of tyranny and the other the friend of freedom. In the same manner it is inferred that Oudinot owes his baseness, and Tlay- nau his thirst for blood, to bad organization and vicious training; and that happier faculties and purer educa- tion have given us the lofty hproisin of Mazzini and the enduring patriotism of Kossuth. Viewed thus, in rela- tion to their origin,' merit' and demerit' have no mean- ing- as applied to the actions of these pairs of men. It was not the primary fault of Oudinot and Haynau that they inheritpd the faculties of tyrants, and were thrown into the circumstances which have made them the exe- cration of Europe. Nor had Mazzini and Kossuth any voice in the election of their nobler natures, or any choice in the developing circumstances which have called forth their glorious powers. Viewed in this light, it is held that Oudinot and Haynau have been unfortu- nate, and that Mazzini and Kossuth have (to use the language of these doctrinaires) fared better at the hands of that destiny which stamps its imperious seal on us all. And there judgment at this point ends. Nor can the language of pr:ii,:e' and I blaine' be applied to them. Praise savs to the good man, What a fine fellow you are for being what you a/'e'-wh ich is to awaken conceit. Blame, on the other hand, says, I I'll punish you for being what you haDe been made to be. Sature has been unkind to you, and your fellow man shall therefore be unkind to you also, and add to your misfortunes, and thus the bad are inspired with despair. But (say these theorists) when we pass from consi- dering the origin of actions to their operation on society and ourselves, we use distinctive language. When we behold an action which is hurtful, we express our dis- approval in self protection. We should indeed remove Oudinot from command, and disarm Haynau. This might be punishment to them, but punishment wouM not be intended. This is the difference between blame and disapprobation. Blame means to punish you, dis- approbation seeks to instruct you. Blame regards you as the author of evil, disapprobation as the unfortunate instrument of it. Praise, on the other hand, is adula- tion-is incense to vanity. Approbation signifies the pleasure given by talent or benevolence, and where the pleasure is deep, approbation assumes the form of gra- titude. The bad and the good being thus reminded of their relations to nature, fortune is not puffed up, nor misfortune cast down hopelessly, and the mild spirit of sobriety, of improvement, and of kindness, is breathed I over the face of human manners. We have no wish to be confounded with the persons we merely describe, or set down as partisans, but we cheerfully run the risk which always attends doing jus- tice to an unpopular party." THE LOOKER-ON; A LITERARY MISCELLANY. Edi- ted by Fritz and Liolett. No. '2. London: Sherwood and Co.—These Editors lately published a small book of poems. What their aims are we do not exactly under- stand. Their publication is far above the average of publications sold at a penny each, but we must see more before we can say more of it.

LIFE ASSURANCE. I Miss M a voung lady of considerable attractions, chanced to be seated at a dinner party next a gentleman remarkable for the brilliancy of his wit, who had long been one of her train of admirers. The conversation turned upon the uncertainty of human life, I mean to insure mine," said the young lady archly, in the Hope." In the hope of what ?" said her admirer a single life is hardly worth insuring I propose we should insure our lives together, and if you have no objection, I should prefer the Alliance." TEA I CASHEKE. I Every morning at daybreak, tea made in the Mogul fashion was sent us. The tea is boiled with milk, sugar, cinnamon, and cloves, to which is added a little soda, which turns the whole mixture of a red colour it is very pleasant to the taste, rather rich, but not having the slightest approach to tea in flavour. I believe, indeed, the tea might be left out without one's perceiving it, as the strong taste of the cinnamon drowns everything else. This is the Mogul mode, not common in Cashmere: the Casbmeriiins themselves are very fond of tea, but they boil it in milk, with the addition of salt and butter; it is more like tea soup than the infusion of the article to which we are accustomed. The tea comes overland from China across the mountains of Thibet, and is made up with some unctuous substance into the shape of a large brick; each brick weighs about eight pounds, and two such are carried upon a sheep's back, and so conveyed across the mountains; the price in Cashmere is about as. per pound. On our departure, Giioolab Singh sent us a brick each we made an infusion, and found that although the tea itself might be verv good, the flavour was quite spoiled bv the substance (like rancid butter) used to make it adhere together.— Journal of British Officers in the Literary Gazette. STATION AND DUTY. It is mueh happier for a man to have his feelings in unison with his condition and the realities of life, than to be raised by sensibility to the region of fiction and romance, and rendered unhappy by his very sensibility. Know your station in society, and support it with pro- priety. Demean yourself by your manners, and you are contemptible assume the loftiness of rank, wealth, or learning and you may be great, but you will no" be re- spectable. Inherent worth, clothed with modesty,and affability, repels envy, attracts general esteem, and does honour to any station. Avoid low and vulgar gossip, which debases the mind cultivate the refinement which opens to taste the beautiful and the good in nature and in society, while it allows judgment to survey, and regu- lates the common and necessary atiairs of life. As health is to the body, so is virtue to the mind. There is no ment in pursuing virtue but though there is no positive merit, there are su hEme rewards-the cheerful flow of sound health, and the delightful approval of a good conscience. Duty has its defined limits, beyond which everything contrary to right conduct is prohibited, within which everything favourable to right conduct is commanded. To love goodness, and to avoid evil, are only the halt of dutv Besides loving goodness, you must practice and diffuse it to the extent of your power and influence; and besides avoiding evil yourself, you must prevent, to the extent of your power and influence, the com- mission of it in others. Guard your thoughts, incli- nations, and actions from the least approach to evil for he who carelessly or presumptuously ventures to the extreme boundary of lawful pleasures, easily and insensibly glides into those which are forbidden and crimi- nal. Is a man immoral in his conduct from ignorance —he is culpable in not acquiring a knowledge of his duty. Does he know his duty and fail to perform it ?— knowledg^e aggravates guilt. Is he sensible of his erring conduct, and resolves to amend it at some future time? -a bad habit grows by neglect, and to put off amend- ment is in effect to abandon it. When you experience any compunctious feelings respecting the line of your general conduct, pause and reflect-it is the voice of conscience, and demands attention. In the buoyancy of youth, in the pursuit of pleasure, or in the activitv of business, you may neglect it; but mark the consequence, if you will not listen to it as a friend to instruct and guide, you will be forced to hear it as an enemy to up- braid and torment. Be circumspect in your conduct. Indulge no thought of a moral character which you would blush to express in words; engage in no action of a moral tendency which you would be ashamed to avow to the world undertake no enterprise on which you could not invoke the blessing of Heaven.—Hogg's instructor. AN AMBASSADOR'S TREATMENT AND REVEXGE. Oliver St. John, when Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, was dispatched to Holland, as ambassador, against his will :—" Ascham, another parliamentary ambassador, had lately been assassinated by the Royalists at Madrid and St. John, dreading a similar fatp, presented a peti- tion that he might be excused, alleging his important judicial duties at home, his infirm health, and the insa- lubrity of the climate but his timidity was derided, and upon a division his petition was dismissed by a large majority. He was allowed £10,000 to pay his expenses, and forty attendants to protect him. Accordingly, he made the public entry into the Haue with a relinlle and parade becoming the representative of a powerful nation: but the populace saluted him with groans and hisses, and the Royalists were not only resolved to insult him on every occasion, but to offer violence to his person. Edward, a son of the Queen of Bohemia, publicly called him a rogue and a dog and the Duke of York with the Princess Henrietta on his arm, meeting him by accident near a turnstile at Verhout, there was a struggle which should pass first; upon which the Prince snatched the ambassador's hat off his head, and threw it in his face, saying, Learn, parricide! to respect the brother of your king.' The ambassador replied—' I regard neither vou nor the person of whom ou speak but as a race of fugitives.' Swords were then drawn, and it was only by the interference of the spectators that fighting was pre- vented. Afterwards there was au attempt made to break into St. John's house by ruffians who had a rope with them, with which they meant to strangle him. On various pretences the States General refused to grant any redress, and put otf from time to time the matters that were to be negotiated. St. John returned home abruptly, vowing vengeance, and he was not a man to let his resentment pass off in empty words. He deli- vered to the parliament an inflamed account of the manner in which the English nation had been wronged in his person. Next he pointed out a plan by which ample punishment m'uiht be inflicted on the offending parties. Hitherto the Dutch had been the great carriers for the English as well as other European n xtions and lie prnposed an ordil1:lnc( to. enact that no goods, the produce of Asia, Africa, or America, should be im- ported into this country in ships which were not the property of English subjects; and that no good the produce or manufacture of any part of Europe, should be imported unless in English ships, or ships of the country where such goods were produced or manufac- tured.' The ordinance was quickly passed, and was •joiiiirmed oy an act of parliament on the Restoration." Lives of the Chief Justices. CHIEF JUSTICE HALE. When he bought any articles after he became a judge, he not only would not try to beat down the price, hut he insisted on giving more than the vendors demanded, lest, if they should afterwards have suits before him, they should expect favour beeallse tlley had dealt hand- somely with him. A gentleman in the West of England, who had a deer park, was in the habit of sending a buck as a present to the Judges of Assize, and did the same when Lord Chief Baron Hale came the circuit, although a cause in which lie was plaintiff was coming on for trial. The cause being called, the following extra- ordinary dialogue took place in open court :-Lord C. Baron Is this plaintiff the gentleman of the same name who has sent me venison ?—Judge's servant: Yes, please you, my lord.—Lord C. B. Stop a bit then. Do not yet swear the jury. I cannot allow the trial to go on till I have paid the gentleman for his buck.— Plaintiff: I would have your lordship to know that neither myself nor my forefathers have eversolil venison, and I have done nothing to your lordship which we have not done to every judge that has come this circuit for centuries bygone.—Magistrate of the COIITlty My lord, lean confirm what the gentleman says for truth for twenty years back.—Other magistrates And we my lord, know the same.—Lord C. B.: That is nothing to me. The Ho!y Scripture says, A gift pet-verteth the ways of judgment;" I will not suffer itie t, ial to go on till the venison is paid for. Let my butler count down the full value thereof.-Plaintiff: I will not disgrace my- self and my ancestors by becoming a butcher. From the tieedles s'dread of selling justice your lordship delays it. I withdraw my record.—So the trial was postponed till the next assizes at the cost of the man who merely wished to show a usual civility to the representatives of the sovereign. According to a custom which prevailed from time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary," the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury had presented to the Judges of Assizes six sugar loaves. Lord Chief Baron Hale, when upon the Western Circuit, having received the usual donation, discovered that the Dean and Chapter had a cause coming on before him for trial, and he sent his servant to pay for the sugar loaves before he would allow it to be entered. Those venerable litigants, instead of firing up at the iioti n of their becoming grocers, or taunting the judge, as they might have done, with making them violate the statute of Henry VIII. against clerical trading, received the money, tried their cause, ar.d obtained a verdict.-C(inip- bell's Lives of the Chief Justices. THE WORKING MAN. Why should not every working man be a gentleman in his behaviour, and every working woman a lady Gen- tlemanliness, or ladylikeness, does not consist in birth, in wealth, Qr robes, or jewels, or fashionable and costly clothing. There are those who possess all these, and yet are very unmannerly. A gentleman literally, origi- nally, and properly, signifies a gentle man, or one who is urbane and kind in his conduct towards all persons whatever may be their rank, but especially towards those who may, in any respect, be deemed his inferiors. A proud and haughty monarch, lord, or squire, is not a gentleman. A contemptuous, fastidious, disdainful, ar- rogant, insolent princess.or duchess, is not a lrtdy, and does not deserve the name of a woman. The working class have, generally, very distinct ideas of the true at- tributes of Lulies anti gentlemen. He is no gentle- man," said an ostler, the other day, concerning a wealthy squire who had been assuming all sorts of airs about his horse which had stopped for some hours at the stable, for which he paid twopence My mistress," exclaimed a poor scullery girl, is no lady, for she gives her orders like a vixen, and struts about like a turkey cock. It's true, she has plenty of money and finery, but she does not know how to behave herself to the poor." On the contrary, we have often heard such words as these.—" His Lordship is quite a gentleman Mrs. A. is a perfect lady and the reason assigned in each instance was, They have no pride, and are so very kind to every one Hence, manners and morals, not money, or titles, or costly garments, make men gentlemen, and women ladies; and, therefore, we ask ag,ain, why should not every operative he a gentleman, and every working woman a lady ? The distinction is not a property qualification nor an hereditary right, but a mental and moral accomplishment which all may /?'<eM(  possetss.- IVorkiitg Man's Friend. SOME OF THE EDITORIAL COMFORTS. If he does not fill his paper with news of importance, whether there be any or not, it is condemned for not being what it purports to be-a newspaper. If he does not, at least, fill one column with something laughable, his broad sheet is pronounced heavy. If a public nuisance exists, notice of it offends, and not noticing it is censured. If he do not publish all the marriages and deaths that occur in the world for twenty miles round," whether he hears of them or not, he is not fit for an editor. If every paper does not contain a goodly number of suicides, horrible murders, and melancholy accidents, it is a dull unwelcome sheet If his paper contains advertisements, the general reader murmurs if it do not, the man of business will not patronise it. If he rejects or postpones any communication, even if it do not reach the editorial sanctum until 11 the short hour before going to press," he loses the good opinion, if ever he had any, of the writer and if the same should happen to have been sent to, and inserted in, a neighbouring print, the omission of the communication is an unpardonable offence, and the writer, of course, whether a subscriber or not, threatens" to give up your paper." If some know-all furnishes him, orally, or in writing, with some trite and common-place information, some modicum of small wit, or an extract from the universal joke-book of Joe Miller, the editor must be as dull as a door nail" if he does not fill a corner of his journal with the precious gem. If he is not able, at once, to answer all the abstruse, as well as absurd questions, which can be put to him in every branch of human knowledge, he, according to the judgment of the wise interrogator, is unfit for the editorial office. If a dozen friends call on him while he is correcting his proofs, and one error escapes detection, he is the biggest blunderhead in the world. These are but a few of the comforts of the editor of a modern newspaper. AN INDIGNANT "BRITISHER." I We had a very amusing example here of the power of womankind over the rough people, and also of the habitual respect and deference that is paid them. A stage was stopping to change horses, and when it drew up, we perceived that in its interior was seated a soli- tary individual. This individual was a gentleiiian, and we saw, with half a glance, that he was English. He was busily engaged in reading a newspaper, and with his feet comfortably stretched out on the hack seat, was paying no attention to external sights and sounds. He was not, however, allowed to enjoy his luxurious soli- tude long for immediately after the stage stopped, the master of the inn opened the door of the carriage, and civilly requested him to move to the opposite seat, as some ladies were about to bear him company on the road. The Englishman's face of astonishment and dis- gust was highly amusing. He stared at his interlocu- tor, and looked anything but inclined to comply with his request. The innkeeper continued to assure him in a bland but still peremptory manner, that the move must be made, for that" the ladies" were, on all occa- sions, to be considered first. This doctrine seemed en- tirely new to the indignant traveller, who, after keeping silence for some minutes during the harangue, with a dignity and solemnity worthy of his country, at last broke out with a degree of violence truly insular. He insisted that he had engaged the particular place he occupied at Cumberland, that he had paid for it, and would not give it up for any one living. It made him ill, he affirmed, to sit anywhere else, and being an in- valid, lie required consideration quite as much as any woman in the world. His opponent only grew the calmer as the Englishman waxed the more violent. At length, the Yankee seemed to understand that there was no chance of concession, on the part of his dogged opponent, so he quietly shut up the door of the carriage, saying,—" Very well, sir, just as you please you may stay there from this to etarnity, for what I care." Upon this the Enlishman, evidently consider- ing that he had obtained the victory, resumed his news- paper, perhaps his feet, and without condescending to cast even a look on the surrounding crowd, wrapped himself up in his studies. In the meantime, we, who were behind the scenes, looked on, and smiled at the ingenious device to which the innkeeper had recourse. Within an almost incredibly short time, another STAGE, which stood under a sort of open shed, was made ready for the journey, and the horses, which WERE to have been attached to the carriage in which sat the unsus- picious traveller, were affixed to the vehicle, which it was evident was intended by the treacherous innkeeper to take its place. The passengers were already seated in it, and there still sat the Britisher," in the enjoy- ment of his dignified solitude, and perfectly unconscious of the absurdity of his position. A shout of laughter from the assembled bystanders at length compelled him to look up the stage was on the very point of starting; already had the all right," go-a-head," been sung out, when perceiving that there was not a moment to be lost, the Englishman, with a degree of moral cou- rage for which I honoured him, jumped out of his hiding-place, with his pride in his pocket, hut with I manifest confusion on his brow, and took his place in the contemned back seat," amidst screams of laughter from the crowd, who were overjoyed that the Yankee had come possum' over the Britisher.' I did not envy him his drive with the women scorned," during the tedious hours that must elapse before he would ar- rive at his journey's end.—Ilespero*, or Travels m the West. EXTENSIVE MANUFACTURE OF BASE Coi-There seems to be at present one or more mints of base coins at work upon an extensive scale in London. The coin is one of the best imitations ever executed, and it is difficult to see the difference between it and the well- worn half-crown. Thfy are dated George III. 1817 George III. 1819 and George IV. 1826 The prin- cipal ingredient in their composition is bismuth; and they are finished off by electro-plating. Their ring" is identical with the genuine silver, which makes it all the more necessary for the public to be on their guard. SUDDEN DEATH AND SINGULAR PRESENTIMENT.— We regret to announce the sudden death of Wm. Burke, Esq., of Sidney-street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock. Strange to say that on the same night Mrs. Burke, ther. at Southpoit, had a singular dream. Considering it ominous., she was impelled to return the next morning, j and on her arrival dUcovered the fatal realisation oi her I l presentiment of evil. — Manchester Examiner k Ti-ues. {

TIOUSB OF LOTCDS, THURSDAY, JANUARY 31. The third session of the present Parliament was this day opened by .Royal Commission, the Lords Commis- sioners being the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lans- downe, the Marquis of Breadalbane, the Earl of Minto, and the Bishop of London. Though the intention of her Majesty not to be present was known, and that, therefore, the ceremony would ne- cessarily be shorn of the eclat which waits upon the opening of Parliament by Her Majesty in person, very considerable interest may, possibly, be accounted for by the circumstance that the Prince Consort had arrived in town in the morning from Windsor, and was attending a meeting of the commission oil the fine arts at the new Houses of Pirliatneiit. The House of Lords was thrown open about one o'clock, and for the next hour the arrivals of visitors were frequent and numerous. The interior of this beau- tifnl chamber seems now to be quite completed, the fi- nishing touches having been given to the stained win- dows and to Mr. Maclise's splendid fresco on the left of the throne, representing the committal to prison of the Prince of Wales—subsequently our renowned Henry V., -by Judge Gascoi,iie. The benches on either side of the house, and the strangers' galleries, were weil filled with ladies, many of whom were peeresses, or the rela- tives of peers and distinguished commoners. The Lords' Commissioners entered the house in their robes, and took their seats upon the woolsack at two "-iiid the House of Commons having been sum- moned, the Speaker soon after appeared, accompanied by upwards of 100 members of that house. The Speech from the Throne, (which we were enabled to publish last week in a second edition, was then read. Some business of minor importance having been de- spatched, The Earl of Essex rose to move the address, and after an appropriate speech, in the course of which he paid a high compliment to the public press for its exertions in the cause of order, aud expressed his conviction that the distress under which the agricultural portion of the community at present laboured was of a temporary na- ture, moved the address, which was an echo of the sen- timents contained in the speech. Lord Methuen seconded the address, and was followed by The Earl of Stradbroke, who declared that so far as his experience of free trade went the present agricultural pressure seemed likely to be permanent. If the history of the Corn laws were reviewed, it would be found that though low prices had occasionally occurred, they were entirely different, both in cause and efrect, from the low rates which at present prevailed. Upon this point, therefore, he ventured to move the insertion of the following paragraph, after the words commerce and manufactures:"—" That we regret, however, to be compelled humbly to represent to your Majesty that in many parts of the United Kingdom, and espe- cially in Ireland, the various classes of your Majesty's subjects connected with the cultivation of the soil, are labouring under severe distress, mainly applicable, in our opinion, to recent legislative enactments, aggravated by the pressure of local taxation." The Earl of Desart seconded the amendment. The Earl of Carlisle proved that in 1819 there had been in England a decrease of above 7 per cent in the number of paupers. He called on their Lordships to af- firm by a decisive majority their unwillingness to revise the policy which they had so recently sanctioned. The Duke of Richmond thought the agricultural inte- rest had been slighted in the speech from the throne, which, as he understood it, did not even admit that the agriculturists were suffering from distress. Earl Fitzwilliam contended that agriculture had never benefitted by protection, and trusted their Lordships would not consent to insert in the address any words calculated to inspire delusive hopes. The Earl of Winchelsea was determined never to rest till England had recovered that protection which had been taken from her. Earl Granville thought there were many reasons for the present low price of corn, instead of its being attri- buted entirelv to free trade. Lord Brougham, though he did not consider agricul- tural distress at all exaggerated, disapproved in the strongest manner of the language which had been used at certain Protectionist meetings. He had seen no cause why they should retrace their steps, and he felt unable to vote for the amendment. Lord Stanley believed a moderate protecting duty would be advantageous to agriculture and to the revenue, while it would not be injurious to the consumer. He only asked their Lordships not to refuse their assent to the amendment, as he felt sure that the Government was bound to take some steps to remove the existing agricultural distress. 0 The Marquis of Lansdowne replied and Their Lordships divided, when the numbers were, For the amendment-Present, 6n, Proxies, 31 ;-103. Against it- Present 86, Proxies, 66 152. Majority in favour of the Address, 49.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, THURSDAY, JANUARY 31. ?? 11 The address was moved by N-tr. u. v i i ii(,rs, wno pre- iiiising that he had undertaken this office because he entirely agreed in the views which the Government now took of the interests of the people, and had the most im- plicit reliance on the noble Lord at the head of the Go- vernment, that he would not compromise or surrender, but maintain those measures which he considered to be connected with the happiness and well-being of the peo- ple—proceeded to notice the salient topics of the Speech. On the subject of the laws passed last session to regulate our navigation, he stated facts upon which lie grounded a confident belief that the predictions of the opponents of the change would be falsified, and the expectations of its advocates fully realized. The announcement in the Speech of the prosperity of our trade and manufactures he considered highly important as a lesson to foreign he cotis i dered Iii, countries, watching the effects of the great experiment made by England, which had succeeded, at home as well as abroad, beyond his hopes, in the extension of our trade, the improvement in the wages and comforts of the operative classes, and the increase of the revenue, in the very first year of free trade. lie admitted and regretted the sufferings of many of the owners and occupiers of land; but it would be delusive to hold out to them any expectations of the legislative relief they desired, namely, a Parliamentary guarantee of a price for their produce, which had been the ruin of the agricultural interest, who had at least this consolation, that land now fetched a higher price in the market than it ever did. The address moved by Mr. Yilliers was, as customary, a reflection of the speech. The motion was seconded by Sir J. Duke. Sir J. Trollope proposed as 'an amendment to add to the address a representation to Her Majesty that in many parts of the United Kingdom, and especially in Ireland, the various classes connected with the cultiva- tion of the soil were labouring under severe distress, which they mainly attributed to recent legislative enact- ments, the operation of which was aggravated by the pressure of local taxation. He denied that the principle of free trade had been applied equally to agriculture and manufactures, the latter being still protected, and he saw no resource but a reconsideration of the whole matter. Colonel Chatterton, the new member for Cork, se- conded the amendment. The Chancellor of the Exchequer was glad that on the first night of the session the amendment moved by Sir J. Trollope, who called for a re-consideration of the re- cent legislative measures, would bring the great ques- tion to issue, whether Parliament should retrace its steps, or persist in that course of legislation to which he believed the universal prosperity of the country was owing. Sir Charles entered into various details, founded upon official documents, showing the augmentation of our foreign trade (our exports having amounted from C-18,000,000 in 1318 t" ;E,58,000,01)0, in 1819) and its pro- fitable character, and the increase of shipbuilding in this country, even for foreigners. The distress amongst certain classes of the owners and occupiers of land in some parts of the country had been exaggerated.— In the great majority 0f the agricultural counties there had been a diminution of distress and a reduc- tion of poor-rates, and he relied upon the energy of the farmers to overcome the unavoidable effects of so great a change of the law, as they had overcome the distress caused by greater depression of prices under protection though he denied that the present fall of prices was to be solely attributed to that change, and (lid not expect that the permanent price of corn would range so low as at present. The people of this country had a right to food at as cheap a rate as possible the producers of it must therefore increase its quantity, and this could be done only by the application of additional industry, skill, and capital to the land. Even a reduc- tion of rent was not to be put into competition with the benefit of a cheap supply of food to the labouring classes, I which was already felt in the diminution of poor-rates; these were less in 1849 than in 1818. Sir Charles wound these statements up with an announce- ment that every branch of the revenue had decidedly improved, the result being that there was an excess of income over expenditure for the year of £ 2,098,000. Mr. II. Herbert supported the amendment, and was replied to by Mr. W. Fagan, who denied that the distress of Ireland could be ascribed to recent legislative enactments," which, on the contrary, had produced some abatement of that distress. Sir J. Walsh regretted that the address had not been so framed that all could concur in it, instead of provoking a division. After a few words from Mr. G. Berkeley, On the motion of the Marquis of Granby,,the debate was adjourned, and the House adjourned at twelve o'clock. FRIDAY, FEB. 1. I After a short incidental discussion respecting one of the sessional orders, the debate upon the Address was commenced by The Marquis of Granby, who, confining himself to the paragraph in the speech to which the amendment was directed, and which he characterised as offensive to a large class of Her Majesty's subjects, combated the opinions of Mr. Villiers as to the real causes of agricul- tural distress. At large meetings throughout the coun- try the language universally held had been that under present prices it was impossible for the occupiers of land to cultivate it profitably, that they must have protection against, foreigners. This, however, was a subject which involved the interests, not of owners and occupiers of land merely, but of the agricultural labourers, who far outnumbered those engaged in other pursuits, and who had been worse off since the free trade measures. On the other hand, the Marquis adduced evidence to show that our present manufacturing prosperity was tempo- rary and transient, if not unreal; but suppose it to be real, the answer was, our manufactures are protected with what justice, then, could protection be refused to our agriculture ? If, as he contended, the distress in the agricultural districts was owing to legislation, and was likely to be permanent, and if free trade was to be the order of the day, let it be fully and impartially carried out, for the agricultural interests could no longer endure the burdens and restrictions which had been patiently borne under protection. He supported the amendment. Mr. J. E. Denison should vote against the amendment on the ground of right, justice, and necessity. Lord Norrcys, in a brief speech, supported the Ad- dress; as did Captain Pelham, the new member for Boston, who opposed the system of protection on the simple ground that it was injurious to othev interests of the country, and, being so, it must be eventually injurious to the protected interest. Mr. Christopher supported the amendment. Mr. M'Cullagh, with reference to the words in the amendment, especially ill Ireland," contended that the country repudiated agricultural protection, which had been a positive impediment to cultivation and an obsta- cle to employment. An attempt to return to protection there would check the career of improvement, and open fresh sources of contention at a tillie when angry passions were subsiding. Mr. Robert Palmer, as representing a purely agricul- tural county, supported the amendment. Mr. Muntz said, as to retracing their steps, he defied the Government to do so, though the result of free trade had not realised the predictions of its advocates. They asserted that the repeal of the corn laws would not reduce prices lie thought it would, and had voted for it on that ground. and he believed there would be a further re- duction. The boasted prosperity of our trade, however, was a fallacious and one-sided prosperity. He disputed the inference drawn by the Chancellor of the Exchequer from the details of our exports, which could not be relied oil and explained his theory of the action and reaction of our foreign trade upon the import and export of bullion. He did not advocate a return to protection, which had been of no service to the protected class. Mr. Herries animadverted in severe terms upon the paragraph in the Speech relating to the landed interest, which, together with the person chosen to move the Ad- dress, had called for the amendment, to which he gave his cot-dial assent. Upon the subject of shipbuilding, since the repeal of the navigation laws, he stated facts which detracted from the representations g iven by Mr. Villiers of the prosperity of that interest, and he taxed the Chancellor of the Exchequer with unfairness in dealing with the accounts of our exports, whence he had drawn a false inference of the success of free trade principles. In like manner, the arguments, to the same purpose, deduced from the poor rates and from the influx of bullion, were fallacious. The cheapening of food was a benefit which might be purchased too dearly. By pro- I tection was meant, by those who sought it, justice, and only justice, which they would ultimately gain, notbyin- timidatian or violence,but through the returning wisdom, the maturer judgment and the better prudence of he Legislature. Mr. Labouchere, in reply to Mr. Herries, declared that he never made an assertion with greater confidence than that he believed the whole business connected with ship- building, instead of being paralysed, was in a most satis- factory state. With respect to the favour supposed to be shown to manufactures above agriculture, there could not be a greater mistake though some vestiges of pro- tection still appeared on the Statute-book, all our great staple manufactures were absolutely unprotected, whilst agriculture was not altogether denuded of protection. In conclusion, he denied that it was the intention of the Government to treat with the slightest disrespect the agricultural interest, or to dispute the fact that severe distress did exist amongst the owners and occupiers of land, but nothing could be more inj urious to them than to hold out an expectation of a return to a system of pro- tection, and thus diverting their attention from the pro- per means of improving their condition. Mr. Disraeli rose to support the amendment. There was no question now in the house, he observed, that what was called the agricultural distress prevailed in England, Scotland, and Ireland he wanted no better evidence of this fact than the admission of Mr. Villiers that, within a brief period, the principal branch of of national industry had been deprived of between E90,000,000 and £100,000,000 by changes in our laws. Yet this distress was notified in the Speech as com- plaints," the justice of which was studiously not ac- knowledged. Was it re-isoiiable that Parliament, after what had passed, should refuse to acknowledge the existence of this distress—should not deein it their duty to express their opinions of its cause and their sympathy with the sufferers ? The first proposition in the amend- ment being admitted, nothing could be more legitimate than those who were convinced that this calamity had been occasioned by recent legislation should respectfully express that opinion to the Sovereign. He cared not whether dukes or peers gave their adhesion to this view of the question the cause was the cause of labour, or it was nothing. Mr. Disraeli then addressed himself to the arguments of Sir C. Wood, reiterating his opinion that the exchange and the value of British industry had ditniiiislied he contrasted the conclusions of the right lion, baronet with the result of elaborate calculations in the Economist, showing that during the last four years the Manufacturers of Manchester had been manufactur- ing at a loss and lie endeavoured to demolish his in- ference drawn from diminished poor rates. Passing then to the special burdens upon land, he asked the Man- chester school if, as they averred, land was only a raw material, why it was taxed ?—why they did not extend to land the same economical principles as to other raw materials ? The cultivator of the, soil, he maintained had a right to two tliiiigs-first to be put on the same footing as his fellow subjects; secondly, to be placed in his own market upon an equality with the foreigner. The object of the amendment was not to abrogate re- cent laws, but to obtain a recognition by that house of a distress that was notorious, and an expression of its sympathy with the distressed. He counselled the Prime Minister of the Crown to do justice to the land, and he might then rely upon the support of that interest, which would be a surer source of strength than a combination of parties that should place a Jacobin off one side of him and a Conservative on the other. Lord J. Russell professed that he did not understand the drift of the amendment. Sir J. Trollope, the mover, had avowed that it was to lay a ground for reconsidering recent legislation but Mr. Herries and Mr. Disraeli had given exposistions of its obj ect entirely different. Lord John repeated the disavowal given by Air. La- bouchere, that any insult or disrespect was intended to the agricultural interest by the paragraph in the Speech, which abstnrnerl, as it tlo, fro", eXf>1'eø&i.. an opinion upon a subject of recent legislation. He ex- plained shortly the view he had entertained for some years past on the subject of the corn laws, resulting in the conviction that they should be repealed; and after a short experience of free trade measures, the state of the country, in respect to shipping, trade, revenue, and the increased comforts of the great body of the people, vindicated the soundness of this policy. Assuming the prices of corn to continue as low as they are now, which he did not expect, the cost of farming materials and stock would adapt itself to those prices. The real ques- tion was, whether the house should take the first step to return to protection in other words, whether the pro- ducers of corn should be secured a price for it by Par- liament, which they could not otherwise obtain and this was a question which concerned not the landed in- terest only, but the whole body of the people. If a contest was renewed upon this question who could say what subjects might be mixed with the discussion, and what institutions they might not be called upon to pro- tect ? He asked the house to be content with the pre- sent state of legislation upon this subject. If any measures of relief could be suggested for the distress of the landed interest without injustice to other elisses, let them be considered but let no attempt be made to dis- turb a question now decided, the revival of which would create a doubt as to the stability of their decisions. Mr. Cobden said, an impression prevailed out of doors that thp q Ilestion of free trade had not been settled in that house, which was prepared to reconsider the subject of the corn laws but no honest man could desire to keep this question suspended he would be the greatest enemy the tenant farmers could have as well as an enemy of the country at large, The question must some day be decided, and decided against protection and he could not understand upon what rational principle those persons acted who kept up this hopeless and suicidal agitation. He complained of the vagueness of Mr. Disraeli's speech, and called upon him in the name of the fanners in England to give notice at once of the tiaie when he would discuss the question of protection. Mr. Henry Drummond and Colonel Thompson ad- dressed the house shortly amidst strong symptoms of impatience. The house then divided, when the address was carried by 311 against 192. The House adjourned, at 2 o'clock, until Monday.

A FACT FOR THE PROTECTIONISTS. To the Editor of the Staffordshire Advertiser. SIR,I send you an extract from Hansard's Debates in the Lords on the passing of the Coin Bill of 1815, shewing the views then held by the Duke of Bucking- ham (father of the present Duke), viz., that the Bill was introduced As a bribe to the landed interest to induce them to acquiesce in war establishments in a time of peace," and to secure the high prices obtained during the war; or, as Lord Redesdale puts it, in de- fending the Bill, to maintain the landholders in their respective scale in society." 30th January, 1850. I am, W. H. T. [CORN BILL.] On the motion of the day for the third reading of the Corn Bill, The Marquis of Buckingham protested against the Bill, against its principle, the mode of carrying it into practice, and against the precipitation with which it had been hurried through the house in defiance of the peti- tions of the people. His lordship characterised the measure as a bribe g iven to the landed interest to induce them to ac- quiesce in the maintenance of war establishments in a time of peace; and considered it as most unjust to the other classes of the community, that the landholders should thus have secured to them in a time of peace the high prices which they had obtained during a period of war." Lord Redesdale defended the Bill, contending that it was for the advantage of all classes of the community to encourage the growth of corn taking the import at one-fortieth part of the consumption, thirty-nine parts must be provided for between ourselves. The land- owners besides, whose rents instead of increasing had really diminished, though there was a nominal rise, ought to be maintained in their relative scale in society." Lord King considered the argument of the noble lord regarding the landholders to be speaking out upon the subject, and shewing the real nature of the bill. The measure was to operate by a monopoly, and must have the effect of raising the price of wheat."—Han- sard's Debates, Vol. 66, pp. 259, 60, 61.

NOVEL SCENE IN A CHURCH.—A singular scene took place in the parish church of Rothes on Sunday week. An old pensioner had obtained the consent of a damsel, described in the nearly vague term of fair," to honour him with her hand for the remainder of the march of life, and he waited upon the minister to have the ceremony completed without delay. What answer he got from the clergyman can only be conjectured, but the fire of the old soldier could ill brook the delay which took place, and accordingly, on Sunday week, after service, and just as the benediction was about to be pronounced, up rose John and his spouse that was to be, and boldly, in the face of the congregation, they declared themselves, in the hearing of all, to be man and wife 1 This according to the Scottish law is tanta- mount to a marriage-

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE. The fact of the new Plpalloan having been contracted for by the house of De Rothschild is now admitted. It is said to be for 33 millions of francs, and at the rate of 78 ppr crn. A courier, with the news of the conclusion of this negotiation, vvas sent oil to the Pope from Paris two days ago, and if his Holiness should ratify the con- tract, the answer may be expected in Paris about the 15th of February, M. de Rothschild had already re- ceived a very considerable number of applications for portions of this loan, particularly from the wealthy in- habitants of the Faubourg de St Germain. The Gazette announces that the forts and settlements on the Gold Coast have ceased to be dependencies on the colony of Sierra Leone. The Philadelphia correspondent of the Morning Chro- nicle states that a scoundrel who had been in the habit of cutting the telegraph wires, on the arrival of the English steamers at Halifax, has been apprehended at St. John's, New Brunswick. He was taken in the very act, and appeared quite careless as to the consequences, as he says that he shall receive £ 300 or E400 a year while in gaol. He is said to be the agent of certain cot- ton and flour speculators. The King of Holland has formally given his consent to the marriage of the Princess Louisa of the Nether- lands with the Prince Royal of Sweden and Norway. The French Admiralty have issued an order that offi- cers and seamen are not to wear those ornaments" to the human face—the moustache and imperial. They may, however, wear the beard encolher. Another reactionary movement ha-, been made in the French Chambers. The Republican Government of the first revolution established the principle of gratuitous education at the Polytechnic and other state schools. This principle, essentially modified by Napoleon, was adopted by the second republic at the fall of Louis Phil- lipe. The present Government now propose that the number of persons educated gratuitously shall never ex- ceed a fourth of the whole and the Chamber has already passed a vote of approval of the proposition. Even the Government organs call the measure an aristocratic one. It is unquestionably another blow at the movement party — following others in such quick succession that the question of movement or no movement must be decided ere long. The ultra-republicans are unexpectedly, some may say ominously quiet. On Tuesday, the Minister of the Interior presented a bill to the Assembly, demanding a credit for finishing the to lib of the Emperor Napoleon. The Moniteur publishes a decree, signed by the Presi- dent of the Republic, reducing the pension of the ex- King Jerome Bonaparte, as Governor of the Invalides, from 60,000f. to 40,000f., inconsequence of his receiving, since his appointment as governor, the pay of a Marshal of France. The Napoleon is still more pacific than it was last week. It announces the positive determination of the Government not to contract a loan. M. GYllrg de Roslan, who is to leave Paris for La Plata on Tuesday next, will bring as instructions to Admiral Lepredour the request to avoid a conflict by all the honourable means in his power further, the first act of the admiral is to be the disarmament of the foreign legion at Montevideo. The Paris correspondent, of a Madrid morning paper announces that General Cabrera is about to marry a widow in London with a fortune of £ 20,000 per annum. A letter from Copenhagen states that the prohibition which existed in Denmark against marriages between Jews and Christians has been removed by royal ordon- nance: it is, however required that a Christian clergy- man should officiate, and that the children shall be brought up as Lutherans. In 1818, Belgium exported to England 14,295,943f. worth of wheat, rye, potatoes, oxen, butter, game, and other articles of food; and in 1819, the exportation of similar thing"s to England increased to 21,716,512f. The Kingof Holland has conferred the Cross of Com- mander of the Order of the Crown of Oak on Lieutenant- General Von Mansbach, Swedish Minister in Holland; and that of Knight of the Order of the Lion on Count de Bjornsjerua, aide-de-camp of the King of Sweden. Postal conventions are concluded between the King of the Belgians and her Majesty the Queen of Great Bri- tain and Ireland. The ratifications were exchanged on the 17th ultimo. We learn from Christiania that a Norwegian flotilla, consisting of three corvettes, will join the Swedish flo- tilla, and proceed to Lubeck in the beginning of May, for the purpose of there taking on board the young Crown Princess of Sweden and Vice Queen of Norway, the Princess Louisa. Southampton will, in the course of the present year, possess three different lines of steamers to and from the United States of America—viz., the American line from New York and Bremen via Southampton, already in existence an American line from New York to Havre, via Southampton and a German line between Ham- burgh and New York, touching at Southampton. By advices from Smyrna of January 14, it appears that an extraordinary passage had been made by a screw steam-vessel (the Hellespont, Captain Watts) from Li- verpool to Constantinople. It had been performed within the very short space of fifteen days only. M. Thiers is suffering from an inflammation in his tongue, which has excited the serious apprehensions of his friends, with whom lately he can only communicate by writing. On Monday night he was unable to attend, the projected meeting of the Club of the Counseil d'Etat which was accordingly postponed. Should M. Thiers have the misfortune to lose his speech, France will afford the singular spectacle of having one of her greatest statesmen dumb, and her greatest historian, M. Thierry, stone blind. M. Thiers'medical advisers have enjoined strict silence, and declare that the slightest infringe- ment of their directions will be productive of serious -0' DBNMAJVK. To meet the extraordinary expenses of the war, the Danish Government has raised the import duty on seve- ral articl(,s--viz., coals, i.-)D per cent. sugar, raw and refined, molasses and treacle, 25 per cent. tea, 20 pé'r cent.; tobacco of every raw and manufactured, '111( l c  ,ai-s, 2, and cigars, 20 per cent. timber, and deal of every kind, inclusive of Finland, 20 per cent.; wine, 10 per cent. This alteration of tariff came in force on the 1st of Jan., 1850, and is to continue in operation till December 31, 18;)0. COPENHAGEN.—The directors of the bank, in a special sitting, have resolved to grant the Minister of Finance a fresh issue of bills of credit to the amount of 4,000,000. RUSSIA. The Czar has given orders for the fortification of a number of towns on the frontier which present admirable points for strategy. The works are to commence next spring. This is a demonstration against Prussia. The possession of large fortresses will give Russia the advan- tage of lodging considerable forces there in winter, as well as of observing all that passes in the centre of Eu- rope. Though the execution of this plan will be at- tended with great expense, it will be carried on with the utmost expedition, for such is the will of the Czar. The Russians have or.ce more gained an advantage over the Galaches. An engagement took place on the 3rd January, on the right bank of the Ossa, with three thousand soldiers of Schamd. The Russians took from them two standards, thirty prisoners, and a great num- of muskets. The Russians had only three Cossacks wounded, while the mountaineers left three hundred dead on the field of battle. There is some contradiction to this account, but seemingly not on good authority. The Borsenhnlle states that the diplomatic relations between Russia and Sardinia, which were broken off after the commencement of the hostilities by Charles Albert, have not been yet renewed. The Emperor of Russia has distinctly declared that he will not enter into connexion with the Court of Sardinia till King Victor Enianual shall have removed Gen. Chrzanowski from his rank in the Piedmontese army, and commanded him to quit the Sardinian states. A private letter from the Dardanelles states, on the authority of accounts from Erzeroum of the 13th ot De- cefnber, that instead of the great victory stated in the sl. Pctersbuvijh Gazette to have been gained by the Russians over Schamyl in Daghestan, it was, on the contrary, the Russians who were obliged to retire after a heavy loss. POLAND. Large bodies of troops are gradually collecting in the kingdom of Poland; their numbers are so great, that many of the smaller towns are occupied solely by officers the common soldiers being distributed in the" neighbour- ing villages. The soldiers regard the Danube as their destination, and it is said that orders have been received to hold the troops in readiness to march in the month of February. INDIA. We have received by extraordinary express our usual despatches and papers in anticipation of the overland mail. The dates of the intelligence brought by this arrival are Bombay, January 3 Calcutta, December 22, and Alexandria, January 21. One or two events of considerable interest had occurred in India since the departure of the last mail. We rejoice to find that the Rajah of Sikkim had released Drs. Campbell and Hooker from confinement, and that they were on their way to Dargeeling, though they had not reached that station on the 17th of December, the date of the last advices. From Peshawur we learn that the expedition, under the command of Colonel Lawrence, had chastised the refractory Eusofzee borderers in two engagements, in which the enemy were defeated with considerable loss on their side, and comparatively few casualties on our own. It was expected that the Eusofzees would be convinced by these examples of the folly of opposing the British power, and that the expeditionary column would shortly return to Peshawur. From Calcutta we learn that on the 11th of December the barque Carnopus, of Liverpool, and bound to that post, was burnt at the Sand heads, The fire was caused by an accident. The crew took to the boats, one of which, with the pilot, the second mate, and eleven of the men, were picked up but the other, in which were the commander, Captain Rowett, and the rest of the ship's company, had not since been heard of. Tunes. EGYPT. I ALEXANDRIA, Jan. 21.—Sheriff Pasha, another of the few remaining men of parts and character of this country, is about to leave Egypt for Constantinople, and expects to be appointed Governor of Damascus. Abbas Pasha, the Viceroy, seems intent upon removing from Egypt all those who have been in any way con- nected with his predecessors and forming creatures of his own, and thus the Porte gains its own ends by weakening the power of Egypt and reducing it to a level with any other petty province in the Ottoman Empire. It has been finally decided by the Board of Health that henceforward the term of quarantine between Egypt and Syria is to be reduced to five days, including the days of arrival and departure, thus making it only three whole days. On the 8th instant the brig Regina of Cork, which had sailed for England on the 1st with a cargo of linseed, got stranded on the coast about eight miles to the west- ward of the entrance to the harbour. The weather being then fine, boats were sent off by the agents for Lloyd's, and having lightened her of part of her cargo, she floated into d,-ep ivater, aad saile(I into the harbour on the 11th. BORNEAN PIRATES.—On Wednesday evening, at a public meeting held in the London Tavern (Mr. J- j Sturge in the chair), several resolutions were adopted deprecating the sacrifice of human life on the coast of Borneo. Several speeches, condemnatory of the con- dllct of Rajah Brooke, were delivered. One gentleman, of the iianie of Aaron Smith, defended him. He said that he himself had passed many sleepless nights in 1 these seas, and on the 30th April, 1836, when COIIl- J nianding the Mary Anne, from Sourabaya, bound to China, he was called up at midnight to encounter a fleet I of pirates then in sight. In three minutes after he got on deck, a shot passed between him and his steward, which was the signal of a five hours' engagement that ensued. The prahus of the pirates had been described as mere baskets or packs of cards; but did they knoll that they contained 100 armed men each, and had 70 or 80 oars ? Well, he was attacked by between 20 and 30 of these prahus. The pirates were desperate people, and 100 of them, with poisoned spears, would often be found in each prahu. You could not land to get drop of water unless you were armed; and he had himself been obliged to carry fire-arms on going ashore to protect him from the natives, who lay in ambush ready to destroy him with their poisoned spears. lIe thought every man not only justified in defending him- self, but bound to resist in self-preservation. (Mingled cheers and hisses, with cries of order order!) A pe- tition, founded on the resolutions, is to be presented to Parliament by Mr. Cobden. At a printer's festival in Washington the following was a toast-" Woman—the fairest work of creation the edition being extensive, let no man be without a COIIY.

j LONDON MARKETS, MONDAY, FEB. 4. I MARK-LANE.—The supply of English wheat by land carriage samples fresh up to this morning's market, waS small, and for the most part in bad condition finest dry white commanded the rates of this day se'nnight, but all other qualities must be written Is. per quarter lower; li)i i te d and pr i ces must still business in foreign is very limited, and prices must stlll be considered entirely nominal. Barley continues a heavy sale and we reduce our quotations for English Is. 1 per quarter. Beans and peas are taken off slowly at lastt. j week's quotations. The oat trade is very inanimate but j not lower. FLOnt.-The millers have not hitherto altered the I nominal top price of town-made Flour, which continues to be quoted 40s. per sack-a price out of proportion to those at which household and foreign Flour have been offered of late. We have again to report fair supplies ot the article from France this week the very finest qua- lities have not been sold cheaper, but the commoner kinds were in some cases parted with, on Friday, at I terms which would not have been taken in the beginning. I of the week. [ LONDON AVERAGES. I E s. d. E. 9. d. Wheat.. 4123qrs. 2 4 1 Rvc — qrs. 0 0 Barley.. 1910 1 6 5 Beans.. 993 1 4 10 Oats 2133 0 17 8 Peas 533 1 7 3 AVERAGE PRICE OF SIX WEEKS. Week ending Jan. 2 5.—Imperial—General Weekly Average.—Wheat, 40s. Id.; Barley, 2os. 9d. j Oats, 159. lOd. Rye, 21s. 2d.; Beans, 26s. Id.; Peas, 28s. 5d. UUANTITY OF FOREIGN GRAIN ENTERED FREE FOK HOME CONSUMPTION DUIUXG THE WEEK JINDLX0 FEB. I. Wheat, Foreign qrs 4155 I Beans. qrs. 4244 Barley. S035 Peas. 470 Oats 2237 1 Flour brls. 25318 BitE.I).-The prices of wheaten bread in the metro- polis are from 6d. to 7d. and household do. 4id. to 5jd. per lib. loaf. TALLOW.—Since Monday last our market has been iu a very inactive state, and prices have further receded 6d. per cwt. To-day P.Y.C. on the spot is quoted at 38s., and for delivery of new, up to the close of last year. 30s. 6d. per cwt. Town Tallow 37s. to 37s. 6d. per cwt. net cash rough fat, 2s. Id. per 8ibs. The latest ac' counts from St' Petersburgh state that 3,000 casks Of Tallow had sold at previous rates. PROVISIONS.—We have received a larger supply Of Butter from Ireland last week than was expected, awl the weather was also milder. A rcmarkable extent Pf business notwithstanding was done at fully previo-U?- rates. Foreign A slow sale, quality inferior, prices 45. ( to 6s. pe r cwt. lower. Bacon Irish and AtnericaP singed side's in good demand; prices the turn dearer. Some few sales of Irish were effected at 48s. per cwt. Oll board. Hams more sought after. Lard easier to sell Hops.-Tiiere is a fair demand for new hops at last week's rates-iior can we quote any alteration in the prices of yearlings. SMITIIFIELD.—The navigation of Holland being stilj closed, the imports of foreign stock into London 13st week were confined to 454 head, mostly sheep and calvcs- During the same week in 1849 the arrivals amoun.ted to 1,350, and in the same period in 1848 to 453 head. A | the Northern outport scarcely any stock has beenianded By sea, from inland, 46 beasts have arrived for this M&T k?t. A few parcels of preserved meat came tn hand  Syd-y, f??"? "t?n? from ?u?? ?'r?" ?'? ?"? ply of foreign stock on sale this morning -el* V li- mited; yet the inquiry for it ruled extremelv dull. Vresll up to day, from our various grazing districts, thereceip of beasts were but moderate. In their general quali y, however, a slight improvement was noticed.  standing that the dead markets were by no means h.eav1; supplied, the beef trade here was extrcmely inactive, 1,? bare)y Friday's decline in the quotations of 2d. per 8Q1,VbS- The highest "figure for the best Scots was only 3s. lOa- per 81bs. At the close of business a total clearance ",a not effected. From Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Cam- bridgeshire we recived about 1,-500 Scots and b ho-rt horns; and from other parts of England, 1,000 Herefordsfront", Devons, &c. The arrival from Scotland was 200 ScotS. There was a further falling oil in the number of sheep » nevertheless, the demand for that description of stoct was heavy, at prices barely equal to those obtained last week. The primest old Downs were selling at frol 4s. to 4s. 2. per Slbs. The supply of calves was very lI- mited while the veal trade ruled dull, at barely sta- tionary prices. Prime small pigs produced full cur- rencies otherwise, the pork trade was heavy, at l0* rates. Per Slbs. to sink the off d.-Coarse and inferior beasts, 2s. lOd. to 3s. 2d., second quality do. 3s. 4d. to 3s. 6tl. prime large oxen 3s. 6d. to 3s. gd., iliiiie Scots, &C,- 3s. 8d. to 3s. 10d., coarse and inferior sheep, 2s. lOd. 10 3s. Od., second quality do. 3s. 2d. to 3s. 4d. prime coarse vvoolh'd sheep 3s. 6d. to 3s. 8d., prime South Downs 3s. lOd. to 4s. 2d., large coarse calves, 3s. 2d. to 3s. 6d.» prime small ditto 3s. 8d. to 4s. Od., large hogs 3s. 4d. to 3s. 8d., neat small porkers 3s. 10d. to 4s. Od., suckling calves 18s. to 27s., and quarter-old-store pigs 17s. tP 21s. each. Total supplies: Beasts 3688, sheep 16,020, calves 69, pigs 205. Foreign: Beasts, 2750, shpep 290, calves 89. BARK. Per load of 45 cwt. English, Tree £ 14 0 0 to jCl.510 0 Coppice £ 1,5 0 0 — £ 17 0 0 METALS. ENGLISH IRON. a. Pateiitsliot .19 0 0 Bars at Cardiff & FOREIGN LEAD. h. Newpott. 5 7 6 Spanish, in bond.15 15-10 FOREIGN STEEL. C. j ENGLISH TIN T. Swedish keg £ 14 15 0 Block per cwt ..450 Do. faggot 15 0 0 Bar. 4 (j 0 ENGLISH COPPER, d. I Refined 411 0 Sheets, sheathing FOREIGN TIN. k. & bolts per lb. 0 0 10 Banca, in bond.. 4 7" Tough cake per Straits 4 5 0 ton 88 10 0 TI-4 PL.A.TF.S. I. Tile 87 10 0 IC Coke per box. 1 9 0 Old copper e. per i IC Charcoal 1 14 0 pound. 0 0 84 IX do. 119 0 FOREIGN COPPER f. SPELTER tn. South American, Plates warehoused in bond..E 0 0 0 per ton 18 0 0 ENGLISH LEAD. g. Do. to arrive.17 10 0 pig per ton 17 0 0 1 zixc.K. Sheet 18 0 0 1 English sheet 22 0 0 Red lead IS 0 0 i Quicksilver, o. W White ditto 23 00i pound 1.. 0 4 0 TElnrs :-(t 6 months, or 21, per cent. dis.; c. do; d 6 months, or 3 per cent. dis.; e, 6 months, or 2i per cent. dis. f, ditto; g, ditto ditto; i, ditto; k, net cash. I, 6 months, or 3 per cent. dis; nI, net cash n, 3 months or 1 per cent. dis.; 0, ditto, It dis. Cold-blast, free on board in Wales.

WEEKLY CALENDAR. I THE Mood's CHANGES.—New Moon on Tuesday the 12th, at 29m. past 6 morning. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ICarmar- i Cardigan's Tenby i DAYS. then Bar. ? and and 'ù 1! Llanelly. Bristol. Milford. 'VI 1.- I_j —I—' FEB. \li-I H. M. H. H' Saturday. 9 9 50 10 40 9 25 11 10 Sunday, 10 10 31 ill 21 10 6 111 51. Monday, ll'ill 17 0 7 10 52 0 & Tiiesday121 0 7 10 57 | 11 42 1 27 Wed 13 i 1 15?2 3 0 60 2 34 Thurs 14 2 28 3 18 j 2 3 3 1" Friday 15 3 45 4 35 3 20 4 4?

ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECEIVE^ BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS:— LONDON Messrs. Barker and White, 33, Fleet-street. Messrs. Newton and Co., Warwick-square; Mr. Deacon, 3, Walbrook, near the Mansion House :l\lr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-street; W. Dawson and Son. 74, Cannon-street; Mr. C Mitchell, Red Lion Court. Fleet-street; Mr.G. II. Street, 11, Serle-street, London- THIS PAPER IS REGULARLY FILED by all the aboVj agents, and also at Peel's Coffee-House, No. Iii an. 178, Fleet-street; Deacon's Coffee-House, Walbrook .» and the Auction Mart. Printed and Published in Guildhall Square, in the ilari-,hof St. Peter, in the County of the Borough of Carmarthell, by the Proprietor, JOSEPH H EGl snaTTOM of l'idon TrrW it& Carmarthen aforesaid. FRIDAY, FI'Hkuauy S, 1850.