Welsh Newspapers

Search 15 million Welsh newspaper articles

Hide Articles List

14 articles on this Page

COt^TRT 5EWS.

COMMODORE Silt CHARLES NAPIER…

COURT A3J9 -ft. It £ *TOC?XC…

Advertising

LORD CARDIGAN AND THE 11th…

i l IRISH REGISTRATION BILL.…

II THE ANTHRACITE COAL OF…

News
Cite
Share

THE ANTHRACITE COAL OF SOUTH WALES, &c. The value and importance of steam navigation are becoming every day more apparent. The British Go- vernment seems fully sensible of the fact, from their praiseworthy exertions in accumulating a powerful fleet of war steamers, the late events on the coast of Syria having fully deiiionstiated their efficacy as engines of war. They are of equal value in a commercial point of view, particularly for the conveyance of mails and pas- sengers. For this purpose, some stupendous vessels have been set afloat. The Mammoth, building by the Great Western Ship Company, at Bristol, will exceed 3,600 tons (about 600 tons more than any ship in ex- istence). The saving of room by her being built of iron, will admit of her carrying coals for both the outward and home voyages, a matter of much importance, from the inferior quality of American coal. Her engines are of 1,000-horse power. She will be enabled to carry an unusual quantity of canvass, and is expected to make the passages of the Atlantic in ten days. She is well worthy the notice of the scientific and curious, and may be viewed every Monday. For long voyages, the economy of fuel becomes a sub- ject of vast importance, well worthy the attention of practical and scientific men. From the peculiar proper- ties possessed by anthracite, or stone coal, the most abun- dant fuel of this part of the United Kingdom, it appears destined to furnish the great desideratum. As yet, no method of developing, with full effect, the extraordinary powers of anthracite has been in active operation. Much speculation has existed as to the origin of anthracite, or the cause of the striking difference between it and bi- tuminous coal. The researches of the chemist and practical miner seem to have established the fact, that anthracite must at some period have possessed the pro- perties of bituminous coal, but that during some natural convulsion and dislocation of the strata, those portions of the veins of coal now anthracite, must have been sub- jected to a higher temperature or greater pressure, or probably both, than the bituminous portions, by which the gaseous or volatile parts of the coal were expelled, leaving the solid part, consisting of carbon, in a compact, hard, compressed mass, mixed with varying proportions of earthy matters. In some specimens the coal is so pure as to contain ninety-five per cent, of carbon, some even ninety-eight per cent., others less than seventy per cent. The diamoi.d being pure carbon, and some anthra- cite coal being the same, all but two per cent. of earthy impurity, the solution of the question, What constitutes the great difference in the appearance of the two ? be- anaes a curious c poculation Tn the diamond, the carbon must be One large undivided atom, refracting and re- flecting the light In a piece of anthracite of similar size and form, the carbon may be supposed to be divided into an immense number of very minute atoms, too small to reflect light, consequently appearing black, the opacity being caused by multitudinous interstices, or atomic spaces, either vacant, or filled with air, water, or other foreign matter. Such may be a piausible solution of the question. Another interesting inquiry is, Of what did the gaseous or volatile constituents of the coal lost by conversion into anthracite, consist? Chemists maintain that they consisted of the elements of water, oxygen, and hydrogen, combined with portions of carbon; and contend, with much plausibility, that by a judicious, well-regulated application of the vapour of water to an anthracite fire, the gaseous or volatile principles may be restored, and that thus pure anthracite may be regarded as a species of concentratd fuel. A contrivance for applying the water has been some time under consideration, by parties interested in anthracite property, and others engaged in steam-vessels. In this arrangement, the fire grate bars rest upon a hollow frame, which is to be kept full of water: steam is thus generated, which passes through the fire resting upon the bars. With an ordinary draught this is found to interfere with the full effect of the air upon the fire, which suggested the use of the fan blower instead, rendering the large upright funnel unnecessary. The removal of the funnel, substituting an horizontal tube carried over the side of the vessel, or into the pad- dle boxes, in lieu of it; -will be attended with numerous advantages to the hrge class of sea-going steamers. The obstruction of the funnel to the vessel's way in a strong IWeld wind, and the straining of the vessel and machinery in a heavy rolling sea, are obviated. The steady and regular effect of the blower, under such cir- cumstances, in place of the varying and fluctuating action of the draught, wi!l ensute a more uniform supply of steam. All the disastrous consequences attendant upon the loss of the funnel by stress of weather, or being shot away in action, when the machinery would become useless, if the supply of steam depended upon the draught of the funnel, are provided against, and steamers could be sent to sea more fully rigged than at present. These are all weighty considerations, and demand the exertions of all parties interested to effect their accomplishment. The anthracite district of South Wales would reap a rich harvest from the successful introduction of that fuel into use for steam navigation. There can be little doubt, but that Mifford Haven would, under those circum- stances, be ultimately fixed upon as the preat Packet Station, for which its capabilities, and geographical posi- tion, render it well suited. A railroad constructed from Pembroke to Gloucester, passing this town in its route, would communicate with London by the Great Western Railway on the one hand, on the other, with Birming- ham, the heart and centre of railway communications throughout England. In Milford Haven, an abundant supply of anthracite, of the finest quality, would be pro- cured at first hand. But the town of Llanelly would be more benefitted than any other place by the successful introduction of anthracite into extensive use; a new line of Railway has made it the great outlet for the most extensive deposit in this country. One branch of the Railway traverses the valley of the Amman, at the head of which, and terminus of that branch, the extensive workings of the Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen Company, under the direction of Mr. Roger Hopkins, are situated, which may fairly be considered the most valuable stone coal colliery in Wales, both in point of extent and quality; next to these are the workings of the Garnant Company, under Mr. Perkins, and the Cwm Amman Company, under Mr. Biddulph. The last named gentleman has also the direction of the Railway and Docks at Llanelly. To these several undertakings his whole energies have been for a length of time devoted, and if his unwearied exertions cannot command success, they most assuredly merit it. Another branch of the Railway goes up to Llandybie, and the Great Mountain, a district abounding with stone eoal, where it has been long worked for the supply of the surrounding country; it is from that quar- ter this town has been chiefly supplied. The harbour of Llanelly is safe and commodious, but the channel of the Burry river leading up to it is much obstructed by shift- ing sand banks. These might be removed, and the chan- nel greatly improved, at a trifling expense, by a judicious management of the streams of fresh water at low tide. There is, however, a most excellent harbour at the en- trance of the Burry, below the shoals, the new harbour of Pembrey or Burry port, where the largest vessels may be accommodated. To this point a continuation of the Llan- elly Railway is projected. Without the aid of shipments of anthracite, Llanelly is rising rapidly in commercial importance. The surrounding country contains ab undance l of- bituminous coal, of various qualities, which is ext8Sl- siveljfrshipped to I r,!IatikCurnwtill, France, & other parts, 1 On this account it offers advantages in the establishment of manufacturing concerns, particularly such as require a great consumption of fuel By the establishment of manufactories, the exports of produce, and the imports of the various commodities required for the supply of a great range of country opened out by railway communi- cation, Llanelly bids fair to become one of the most impor- tant commercial towns in Wales. It owes much to the fos- tering care of the resident gentry for its present prosperity and future prospects, amongst whom Mr. Chambers, and Mr. Nevill, are most prominent. As a sea-port, and con- taining a considerable manufacturing population, Llanelly presents in general an aspect of quiet and order, some- what striking and remarkable, resulting without doubt from the influence of the presence of their superiors amongst the workpeople, and full and active employment. The works at present in operation are several collieries; two extensive copper smelting works, with rolling mills, to make sheet copper; a large pottery, lately established by Mr. W. Chambers; two foundries, a forge, and large work for fitting up steam engines; fire-brickworks; ship building yards; anchor smitlis' shops; woollen mills, and various other minor establishments.- (From a Curres- pondent.) [Ttie geological map, by Mr. Knipe, which we have noticed in another column, delineates the anthracite district of South Wales very faithfully.]

W .E :è Ii: L -r Ila:TISO§PECT.

L 0 C A Sj iN E W S. I

PEMBROKESHIRE.

ICARDIGANSHIRE.

I GLAMORGANSHIRE.

I'LOCAL MARKETS.

| 1ISI5IG IXTELLICJUXCE. ,;…