Cheshire Observer

(FROM WILLIAM THE CONJ t QUEROR TO QUEEN VICTORIA. I THE GENEALOGICAL TABLES. I [The Westminster Gazette says :-It is;? interesting to glance at a genealogical table of? the Sovereigns of England and to see bow, in? spite of what Burke called the aristocraticaljk law of primo-gemtureship," Death and the, Fates have dealt with the descending lines ofi succession. Such a table gives to the eye a suggestive picture of disappointed hopes of. tragedies, of the tangled confusion of civil and ? dynastic wars. Here and there the line seems!" inextricably lost as it zig-zags hither and|| Ithither like a little stream that runs through a Swinding channel. f | This stream of the descent of our Royal KFamily starts from William the Conqueror. Thei first and second channels of the two elder sons,4 Robert and William Rufus, are euls-de-eae; the|| open one is from the third son, Henry I., but itf: runs down straight only as far as his grandson,t Henry II. Here again we tind the first threel ,branches stopped abruptly, the third ending^; c with the tragic name of Arthur Duke of Brittany. And so the line is shifted to the\ Sfourth son John, and downwards through four generations to Edward III. From thence the eye wanders about amidst a maze of confusing <» names, the juxtaposition of which conjures up the dire entanglements of the Wars of thai Roses. The lines of Lancaster and York struggle down towards posterity with the? Ealternate fortunes of the rivals, but we find the ? succession trickling steadily through the.) maze from John of Gaunt to Henry V. Then there comes a break, and Owen Tudor| figures in small type in union with Henry's widow, Katharine of France. This little side stream practically outside the Royal blood l wanders away through a generation, but in that? regeneration it regains touch with the blood of the House of Lancaster through the marriagejj of Owen Tudor's son with Margaret Beaufort, the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt'sa second wife. Next comes Henry VII. of Xich- mond, having in his veins the blood both on Tudor and Lancaster, and by his marriage with f BElizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV., and ai descendant of the youngest of Edward III .'s sons, we find the two streams of the rival Houses! of Lancaster and York running together down toii Henry VIII. I Here, again, fate plays tricks with the stra ightI jlines. Edward VI., Mary and Eliaabeth atuid MM final points having no succession, and we have tofi !seek for the channel through Henry the Sventh's ?eldest daughter, Margaret. There was another? daughter, Mary, and on looking down these two? l vertical lines we find two parallel tragediM. Mar- garet's grand-daughter was Mary Queen of Scots, |beheaded in 1587; Mary's grand-d&agbtM. Jan? Grey, suffered the same fate in 1554. But Mary of Scots, through her marriage with Dam ley, had? left a son, who was James VI. of Scotland, and 1 when the proud old Queen of England g&ve up herfl struggle against Time and closed her w:r Qyes' in her last rest, it was the son of the cousin S whom she had put to death who came from over the Scottish border to fill her throne. I Once more the channel of succession runs in blind alleys, for the Stuart lines are blocked, first with the childless Charles II.; then they wander | into exile or extinction in James II. and his descendants, and they stop again in the fruitless union of Mary with William of Orange. | We have, therefore, to go back to the daughter l of James I., Elizabeth, and from her marriage with the Elector Palatine we get at last on to the | straight line of descent, which brings us down l [through the Georges to the great Queen who has 'just passed away after the longest lifo, the l ? lengthiest reign, and the most glorious and blame- 1 S' less record of any of the Sovereigns wfro have preceded her.

gQUEEN'S INDIAN ATTENDANTS ■ Sir Edwin Arnold writes in the Daily Tele- Kgraph":—Twenty years after the accession of the beloved Queen the Great Mutiny broke out in India. It ended, as everybody knows, in the Rstern suppression of the rebellion, and the re- IEestablishment on a firmer basis than ever of the H British Raj. It ended, also, in the transfer of the Government of the great peninsula from the Easti India Company to the Crown; and it was soon perceived that this important change must have personal as well as administrative conse- quences. It was not, however, till nearly another twenty years had elapsed from the date of the Sepoy Mutiny that the Queen was form- ally proclaimed Empress of Hindustan. The fflmemorable decision to effect this, after receiving the wise and thoughtful approval of the Queen, was due to three British statesmen, principally I—Mr. Disraeli, Lord Derby, and Lord Lytton. India has not forgotten, and never will torget, the stately ceremonies in the North-West by which the then Viceroy celebrated the "Imperial addition to tho titles of her Majesty got Kaiser-i-Hind. Long before that date the I Queen, with her habitual conscientiousness, had taken more and more personal interest in India, and more and more studied Indian affairs, but xthat proclamation gave a new impulse to the feeling, and our beloved Sovereign became ?Empress of India in a real and individual I sense. The visit of the Prince of Wales to her :(E1isrn dominions, which soon followed, in- creased her interest, and enlarged her informa- !tion about her Orient subjects, and this was by- wand-by evidenced by the entertainment at Court ?of native Indian attendants, who became at last ?a regular feature of it, and inseparable from the PUblIC appearances of the good Queen. In later gyears, especially since increasing infirmities necessitated assistance, her Majesty never j appeared without one or other ot her chosen | and trusted Indian servants, whose costume was not without adding a touch of colour to many a State pageant, while their aid was really skilful ana Substantial. | The names of two of them-Ahmed Khan and |-Gholan Mustafa—will be enough at once to indi- cate to those conversant with Eastern matters |'that her Majesty's Indian retainers were Moham- ?medans and not Hindus. This was inevitable, for ?a low-cast Hindu could scarcely have come into close personal contact with the Queen-Empress, while a high-caste native of the Brahmanic order, |or even of the second and third class, could not | have discharged the duties of such a position ( [ without breaking his religious views. Mussul- mans of good family have, however, few or no j scruples to overcome in taking European service, and assuredly no service could be more honour- able than that of the august sovereign of the British Empire. It is a matter of fact that this personal service to the Queen has been looked | apon and prized by these well-chosen native (Indians and by their fellow-countrymen as a proud and happy distinction for India, and that nothing has more conduced to bind the heart of India to England. The soldiers, the citizens, S the peasants, and the people &t large in our Eastern Empire have all, more or less, heard with 8 pleasure that the great Maharani, wherever she S went in latter times about her kingdom or to a health resorts abroad, was always seen supported by the strong and faithful arm, and watched by the devoted eyes, of an Indian attendant. More- fi over, her beloved and brave-hearted Majesty has H never done anything by halves. As soon as she j saw that India must become to her very much 9 more than it had been at the beginning of her B reign, she gallantly studied the chief colloquial a language of her dusky children, and acquired in a a short time such proficiency in Hindustani that she could converse with her dark servants in their own vernacular, and chat in Urdu with the Duke and Duchess of Connaught when they came back from Bombay. The Indian gentleman who was 8 so fortunate as to occupy the place of teacher in Persian and Hindustani to such an illustrious pupil is Hafiz Abdul Karim, whose name again will shew him to be of the cult and blood of Islam. All these eastern names have meanings of their own. "Hafiz," among other things, is the appellation of one who has read the Koran n through and through, and can repeat its suras by heart; "Abdul Karim" signifies the Servant of the Merciful, and it was a gracious and useful thing to have in this gentleman and in his friend fl the Moulvie Saheb, also in the Queen's service, links between her Majesty and the vast Moham- medan population which she governs. To be in the train of the mighty Maharani-nay, more, to be day by day of actual and happy usefulness to her, to be spoken of in India as those upon whom, to the credit and glory of India, the Queen's Royal arm rested, has been for them and their people what natives call Watan-an estate. In all the great and various services of the Crown there are none more devoted to their Royal I and Imperial mistress than these Indian Mussulmans.

I MEETING OF PARLIAMENT. I I A MEMORABLE SITTING. I I Parliament re-assembled on Wednesday after- I noon for the purpose of enabling the Peers and Commoners to take the oath of allegiance to King Edward VII. The opening proceed ings were divested of all the customary for- malities of an ordinary session. Shortly after four o'clock the Lord Chancellor-attired in the blackest robes of all the Law Officers of the Crown-entered the House of Lords, already well filled, over 100 peers being in attendance. Prayers having been said, the Lord Chancellor advanced to the table, and took the oath. He then resumed his seat on the woolsack, and the swearing-in was pro- ceeded with. The Marquis of Salisbury entered the House at 4.40, and was among the last batch of members to be sworn. He was followed after a short interval by Lord Roberts, the Duke of York and the Duke of Connaught, who entered the House together. The House afterwards adjourned until 11 o'clock on Thursday morning. The Speaker, accompanied by the Serjeant-at-Arms bearing the mace, ntered the House of Commons at four o'clock. Mr. Speaker announced that, by reason of the deeply-lamented decease of her Majesty Queen Victoria, it had become their duty to take the oath of allegiance to her suc- cessor his Majesty King Edward VII. The Speaker immediately took the oath, and Ministers and Privy Councillors were next sworn in, followed by hon. members from all parts of the House. Altogether 290 members 1 took the oath. (Cexiinwed on Page S.) n

CHESTER FARMERS' CLUB. I ANNUAL MEETING. I The 20th annual meeting of this club was held at the Hop-pole Hotel, Chester, on Satur- day afternoon, Mr. G. H. Mullock p-.esiding. Before the business of the meeting was pro- needed with Mr. Beecroft said no words of his were required to express the sorrow of the club it the recent death of Mr. Charles WilliamBi Dutton, whose heart and soul were in allS- natters connected with the club of which he was secretary for a number of years. The late Mr. Dutton took the secretaryship at a time fs1 when they were in somewhat of a dilemma, but j his hard work had resulted in the club having 110 successful issue. The funds of the club reached a considerable height, and he left it with a considerable balance in the bank. It might have been that some members did not* quite agree with all the late Mr. Dutton'sB views, but whatever he did was with a manly spirit, and with the one that of benefiting the club. He had the respect of every member of the club, and he (Mr. Beecroft) moved that a vote of sympathy be sent to his widow and family, and that it be recorded on the minutes. —This was seconded by Mr. Dyke, and carried in silence after Mr. A. P. Smith (secretary) 3 bad spoken of the very ready help the la te 3 Mr. Dutton had always given him. g YEAR'S REPORT AND FINANCES. B The annual report shewed that the year had been one of steady progress and useful activity. Since the last annual general meeting 22 new members had been elected. Resolutions had been passed during the year on the following subjects :—Food and Drugs Act and a uniform standard for milk; foot and mouth disease M Agricultural Holdings Act in favour of publish- ing the worst and best qualities of grain; Highways and Bridges Act Amendment Bill; | Workmen's Compensation Act and agricultural | insurance; damage by fire from sparks emitted from railway engines; swine fever Agricul- tural Rates Act; tuberculosis; registration of | pig dealers; and pure beer. The deputation appointed to choose an entire horse were particularly fortunate in their choice of Hendre Baronet, the property of Lord Langattock, and j g it was a matter of congratulation to them and l the whole club that the club horse filled up last season for the first time for a number of years. 8| The Wirral Harriers had generously increased their subscription from E25 to 450 to the horse y fund, and it was through their liberality and that of the Cheshire Hunt, the Royal Rock Beagle the Chester Beagles, and of the club's patron, Mr. Macfie, that the club had been enabled to let the horse at JE82 less than it actually cost to hire him, and yet shew a balance on the horse account. The entire horse parade in th Grosvenor Paddock in April was in every way, including financially, a great success. The 20th annual foal show. held in the Linen Hall p in September, was pronounced the best ever ;held by the club both as regarded the number lof entries, quality of stock, and attendance. fe The show had, however, never been a financial j success, 4111 nett loss being registered against the club this year as against 914 last year. | The loss was easily attributed to the fact that the club offered 914 more in prizes than was 'paid in subscriptions, also to a slight falling- [off in the subscriptions. It was a pleasure to [announce that the Duke of Westminster had [consented to continue in future years the sub- 'scription to the show paid by the late Duke 'for many years. While the club was|| ?n eri ly better, financially it was practi- g cally the same as it was last year. t Mr. A. P. Smith (treasurer) submitted thegl balance sheet, which shewed a credit balance on p the club accounts of 9235 5s. 6d. The receipts [included balance from last year £ 254 183. 6d., jg and members' subscriptions £ 65. The prin- f cipal items under the heading of payments ?were, expenses of attending Centri,,? ?of Agriculture 927, stamps, sundries and ?secretary's expenses ?10 17s. 2d., secretary's IsaIary 920, and to Foal Show account Ill Is. 7d.. The Foal Show account shewed subscriptions amountiBg to X106 3s. 10d., entrance fees? 932 7s. 6d., gate money £ 18 18s., and awarded! I in prize money £ 130 3s.—The treasurer explained that the loss on the actual working of jj the club for the year was S9. Against this § they had more money to collect than they ever; had, and there was an outstanding balance of | E20, so that the position of the club was ra.ther? I better than it was a year ago. They always ? had lost money on the Foal Show, this year's; i^loss being III Is. 7d., as against about £14 Last year. They had reduced the debit balance i ?on the horse account by about £ 12.—Mr.y Kennedy, one of the auditors, said they were] j  not going backwards, and they must look for-! ?ward to a more successful year. f I CENTRAL CHAMBER DELEGATE'S I EXPENSES. ¡ Mr. R. Jones (vice-president) thought th expenses of attending the Central Chamber Iwere a big item. Out of L65 representing the ? 'subscriptions to the club account, £27 was | 'allowed the delegate to the Central Chamber of | Agriculture. They ought to curtail that sum. He did not mean any slight upon Mr. Beecroft. Mr. T. J. Dutton said the point was did they think it worth while spending 927 for the beneits they might receive from the Central Chamber ? To him it seemed a very large amount in comparison with the benefits they might receive from being members of the Central Chamber of Agriculture. Would it be better to simply remain members and not sen?dd a delegate ? fi In reply to Mr. Kennedy, it was stated that the delegate had last year attended nine meetings. S Mr. T. J. Dutton said he did not for a moment suggest that they should send a delegate and not pay his expenses. Mr. Kennedy said they all knew how u. | j pensive it was to live in London for a few days, I (and suggested that the visits should be cur- || |tailed by one half. a Mr. Dyke thought Mr. Beecroft had done hisIl ,dnty well. | Mr. Dutton concurred. K Mr. Dyke said the question was could they afford to send a delegate ? Mr. Beecroft said he quite expected some discussion would crop up on this matter, for the reason that it was more this year than before. The club decided to allow their delegate X3 per journey, and the man who j| acted as delegate had got to give his time and, Sin addition, to spend something out of his own ?pocket. (Hear, hear.) He (the speaker) wasi ?vofy pleased to do so for the Chester Farmers'? ?Club. Acting under instructions from tbe? iclub he had made two special journeys to? l London in connection with the Agricultunl ¡ Holdings Bill, and an ears expense of X6 had been incurred. As a member of the club he regarded the Central Chamber as the great lever whereby most of the agricultural reforms were brought about, and if the club were to remain only members and not send a delegate, he did not think they would get proper ventila- tion of questions and what they required brought forward in the same way. It would be a mistake not to eend a delegate. There were some meetings which were not worth attending, but there were others which should be attended. They had at the meetings of the Central Chamber a sprinkling of mem- bers of Parliament, and questions were properly ventilated, and when they ultimately came before the House of Commons they knew what farmers were asking for and what was required. Notices of the meetings were received in plenty of time for the club to con- sider and decide which meeting should be attended and which should not. Mr. Beecroft's suggestion was adonted. I CHESHIRE HUNT SUBSCRIPTION. Mr. T. J. Dutton pointed out that whereas the Wirral Harriers subscribed 950 to the Horse Account, the Cheshire Hunt only sub- scribed £ 10, and a discussion ensued as to the advisability of approaching the Cheshire Hunt with a view to obtaining from them an in- creased subscription. Mr. A. P. Smith (the secretary) said he was instructed some time ago to write to the Cheshire Hunt asking for an addition to their subscription, and he had received a reply to the effect the letter would have attention at the meeting in November. Mr. Beecroft said the Cheshire Hunt's sub- scription did not by any means represent the money which the Cheshire Hunt gave to benefit farmers. They largely supported the breeding of light horses and gave prizAs at the county and other shows, and for the Tarporley Hunt week, &c. It was decided to await the hunt's reply to the club's letter. I APPOINTMENTS. The following annual appointments were made :-President, Mr. R. Jones, on the motion of Mr. Kennedy; senior vice-president, Mr. Robert Parry, of Borris Hall: Mr. Dyke, who was proposed by Mr. Mullock, and seconded by Mr. Beecroft, declining the honour; junior vice-president, Mr. William Allen, of Backford: the old committee was re-elected with the addi- tion of Messrs. T. H. Banks, Jeffs, junr., and R. Parry veterinary surgeon, Mr. A. Storrarr secretary, Mr. Arthur P. Smith, who wag com- plimented upon the able way in which be hadL discharged his duties; Mr. Beecroft was re- elected delegate to the Central Chamhnr. (FOAL SHOW: PROPOSED AMALGAMA- TION. I The secretary (Mr. A. P. Smith) said he had seen the Secretary of the Cheshire Show, and had discussed with him the question of the amalgamation of the foal show with the County Show for this year, when the latter will be held at Chester. Mr. Beckett had said he was will- ing to bring it before his committee.—After a brief discussion the further consideration of the matter was adjourned. i PURE BEER. On the motion of Mr. Kennedy, seconded by Mr. Prince, the resolution passed at the pure beer" meeting held last week at the Town. Hall was formally adopted. The resolution was to the effect that the club urged upon her Majesty's Government the necessity of passing a Bill securing purity of beer and the legal definition of beer as the product of barley malt, bops, water and yeast. Thanks to Mr. Mullock for the able way in which he had conducted the meetings of the slub during the year brought the meeting to a close.

A SADDENED MAIDEN. Miss Annie Williams was in a bad way. Her friends came to visit her, saw her sitting in the Bame place day after day, without interest in anything, and with little power to move; and they went away, shaking their heads, looking very serious, and fearing the worst. Yet, to the surprise of everyone, the patient did not die, and to-day she is well and hearty. Just read now how it came about. A Nottingham Daily Expressreporter, writing on the subject, says A family named Williams, residing in Sycamore Road, Nottingham, has had a most interesting and instructive experience. The story of a portion of the life of Miss Williams is sufficiently noteworthy of merit, recital, and print. It appears that several months ago Miss Williams began to suffer in health, and became a victim to attacks of biliousness and indigestion. These increased so rapidly, that in a short time every meal was followed by a seizure. The poor girl lost all energy, all desire for the ordinary pursuits of life, she be- 'came terribly depressed, and had hardly strength to move about. The inability to digest food and the constant sickness brought about anaemia, which was plainly revealed by the pale cheeks, and the bloodless lips and gums. Remedies of various kinds proved use- less, and in the end so bad did she become that her friends, who saw her day by day sitting listlessly in the same seat, began to shake their heads and fear the worst. Some advised one course, others another, and it was decided ultimately to let the sufferer be taken to the b o spitaj. Before this decision was acted upon, however. a pamph let was one day taken to the house detailing some oi the won- .d e r f u; leurea which Charles Forde's BrLE BEANS have jworked. Mr. Williams read this carefully, and !decided to give this remedy a trial before send- ing his daughter to the hospital. Well it was Ifor her that this course was adopted! Mr. JWilliams' own words describing the effect of jthe BEANS on his daughter were these :—" The iresult surpassed all our expectations. From [the first she began to improve. Two months ,after the time she had commenced to take the BKANS she was a different girl altogether. Of course she continued with them, and she can fnow eat her food with relish, she is never tsick, she has regained both her good spirits and her energy, the colour has returned to her face, and she can work with pleasure." In view of such cures as the above, it becomes every day more widely known that Charles Forde's Bile Beans for Biliousness are superior jsto all known medicines for cases of anaemia, indigestion, liver and kidney disorders, con- kstipation, headache, debility, nervousness, i female ailments, colds, chill, rheumatism, and jfas a preventative of influenza. All chemists j!stock them, or you may obtain direct from tite ?Bi!e Bean Manufacturing Co., 119, London jgWall, E.C., by sending prices, Is. l?d. or 28. 9d. per box (2s. 9d. box contains 3 times 1s. li* d.)'.

BUCKLEY. jj APPOINTMENTS.—Dr. Hugh Williams has wbeen made medical officer to the Recbabites' Club and to the new Tontine Society held in the Griffin Inn (Mynydd Issa). jg CHARITY CONCERT.—On Thursday evening a concert was given in the Central Hall for tke Sbeneht of John Bebington, Nant Mawr, who Itwo years ago met with a terrible accident at the ? works of the South Buckley Brick Co., which caused total blindness. A good sum was realised. Mr. Ellis Newton, auctioneer, very generously subscribed two guineas towards the funds.

I ♦ ———— SOLICITOR IN PENAL SERVITCDE.—At the Old Bailey on Tuesday morning Mr. 'Justice Wills delivered his summing-up in the [case of Benjamin Greene Lake, solicitor, who [was indicted for misappropriating the moneys of 'clients. The jury, after a ten-minutes' recess, jlfound the prisoner guilty of the offences in Irelation to the Colthurst and Hopkins trusts land Frederick Cavendish account, but acquitted him of the charge of dealing dishonestly with Ithe Else fund. His lordship, after expressing his complete approval of the verdict, passed Isentence of twelve years' penal servitude. IBefore being removed from the dock Lake thanked the Judge for his conduct of the trials and once more protested his innocence.

THE TALK OF ST. HELENS! DOCTORS FAIL, YENO SUCCEEDS. A MARVELLOUS CURE OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND ASTHMA, BY VENO'S LIGHTNING COUGH CURE. Mr. TOOLE, 8. Warrington .New Road, St. Ilele". writes Sept. 20th :—The Veuo Drug Co. Gentlemo,- I have great pleasure in adding my testimony to like wonderful ettect of Veno's LightiuDgCougli Cure. I kad been suffering from a bad cough and bronchitis for more- thun two years. I have tried doctors and many differant- medicines. I have been in the hospital three times, and went to one doctor for 18 months, but he did me no good. It cost me Ss. (id. per week for medicine. I have not been to my work for two years, but I am glad to spy I ami starting again next week My fellow workmen **c' friends are quite surprised to see such a change in IIJl" health in such a short time. I have slept more this last I" fortnight than I have done for ntarly two years, all through taking your Lightning Cough Cure. You may make what use you like of this. r' VENO'S LIGHTNING COUGH CeRE cures the worst md J most desperate cases of coughs, bronchitis, asthwn, § influenza aiid whoopicg cough. It is used and andorged If by Medical Men, because it is far superior to ordlMiJ/ cough mixtures or any of the emulsions. Price la. lfd. C and 2s. 9d. ? Sold BY BOOTS LTD., CEFEES and Bop?ET, PNA?Wt? r and BABToy and all Chemists.

Kissed the Queen and Aawl ins weary tieact upon her shoulder. "'Tis your own little wife," whispered the weeping Queen; a faint movement of the head shewing that she was heard. Then the Prince, half dozing, quietly sank to rest, the Queen kneeling by the bed holding his left hand in hers. The Queen's grief was acute. To the Rev. Norman Macleod she said "All seems dead to me, but I will not shrink from duty. I have had God's teaching since my mother's death, and learnt to bear all He lays upon me." It was in this spirit she wrote to the Duchess of Suther- land, who had presented a beautiful Bible from many widows. "Pray express to all these sister widows the deep and heart- felt gratitude of their widowed Queen. That our Heavenly Father may impart to many widows sources of con- solation and support is their broken- hearted Queen's earnest prayer. The news of the Hartley colliery accident, which buried alive two hundred and fifty men, roused the Queen in measure more than anything else in the early period of her sorrow. With a subscription of 1:200, ihe sent, "as a widow and a mother, to widows and mothers her tenderest sympathy," her own misery" enabling her to tho- roughly appreciate their terrible bereave- ments. This sympathy of her Majesty with sorrow recalls a story of her kindness to the poor and suffering in the neighbour- hood of Osborne. A clergyman calling upon a bedridden widow, a parishioner, found by her bedside a lady in deep mourning, read- ing. He would have retired, but she stayed him, saying No, no do not go. I could not wish the invalid to lose the comfort a clergyman can afford." The lady then departed, and the clergyman, taking up the book she had left, found it to consist of suitable selections of Scriptures for the sick, and also discovered that its owner and reader was Queen Victoria. FAMILY LIFE. Within a few years of her marriage the Queen was immersed in motherly ques- tions regarding the education and future of her children. For their training she took as a model the system pursued by her own mother. The Princes and Princesses were taught to be refined and obedient children first of alL It was in 1858 that the Queen's domestic life was first broken into by the marriage of the Princess Victoria, her eldest daughter, to Frederick William, eldest son of the German Emperor, j who died of cancer soon after he ascended i the Throne. The Princess Victoria took with her to Germany many British customs J and ideas, which were not quite favour- ably received. Her eldest son, William II., j appeared to have had more veneration for j his maternal grandmother than for his 5 mother, and this feeling is said to have I been the antidote to several ugly disputes ? between England and Germany which might have led to war. In 1802 the Princess S Alice married Ludwig IV., of Hesse. This ? charming Princess and woman died in 1874 on the anniversary of her father's death. It was a death that justified a (j blessed life," the Queen said. In 1863 the js Prince of Wales brought back his bride | from Denmark, the Princess Alexandra, eldest daughter of Charles IX., of Denmark, and she speedily attained a place in the s hearts of the British people second only to j that held by the Queen herself. In 1866 j Princess Helena married Prince Christian, | and in March 1871 the Princess Louise espoused the Marquis of Lome. It was j in the last-named year that the Prince of | Wales was seized with typhoid fever, and | his illness was for a time very critical. I But, thanks to a good constitution, and | the special attentions of Sir William Gull, | he pulled through. At last, on December | 14th, the anniversary of the death of the ?l, Prince Consort, the joyful news was flashed | all over the country that the crisis was past i and the Prince would live. On the 26th the Queen wrote a Letter of Thanks to | the Nation for its sympathy, and as soon as the Prince was well enough a solemn I thanksgiving service took place at St. I Paul's, attended by the Queen, the Prince, and the rest of the Royal Family. The enthusiasm was tremendous; all London was illuminated, and the feelings of loyal rejoicing were universal throughout the 1 country. In 1874 Prince Alfred, Duke of 8 Edinburgh, married the Grand Duchess I Marie of Russia. In 1884 Prince Leopold, s Duke of Albany, died. In 1892 the Duke 1 of Clarence died of the same malady which c had attacked his father, and had carried off his grandfather. In the letter the p Queen wrote to the Nation she said she "loved him as a son." July 6th, 1893, saw the wedding of the Duke of York and the 1 Princess May. In 1895, Prince Henry of 1 Battenberg (who had married the Princess Beatrice in 1885) volunteered to accom- < pany the expedition to Ashanti. There was no fighting, but the Prince caught African fever and died at sea in January, 1 1896. The Queen described herself as 1 deeply affected on seeing her beloved 1 daughter's happy life crushed, and in r losing a most amiable and devoted son-in- | law, to whom she was much attached." ? PUBLIC FUNCTIONS. After the death of her husband the Queen retired for a time from public life, and though she readily performed duties J which she thought would benefit her people, is she was never s?en abroad so much as ? heretofore. In May, 1863, the Queen ?t visited Netley Military Hospital, the foundation-stones of which had been laid J by herself and Prince Albert seven years j before. The corridors of the hospital are 1 a quarter of a mile long, and after she had ? passed through one the Queen was asked ? whether she would not spare herself the §< fatigue of going through the second. "No," J was the reply. "The poor men would be f disappointed if I did not go to see them." p In October of the same year the Queen S travelled in Belgium and Germany, and | soon afterwards she unveiled a statue of the 1 Prince Consort at Aberdeen. Her second 1 public appearance was in March, 1864, when ? she visited the Flower Show at the f Royal Horticultural Society's gardens at Kensington. Next spring she inspected § the Bromnton Consumption HosnitaL f: and in 1866 she opened Parliament in person. But her Majesty did not wear I her State robes, contenting herself with f1 having them laid across the throne. The same year she unveiled a statue of the ja Prince Consort at Wolverhampton. Another Royal day occurred in London in May, p 1876, when the Queen laid the foundation- stone of the Albert IT '1. and twelve ? xnoircns later she lalu thl of St. Thomas's Hospital. The death of p Princess Alice in 1878 and of Prince Leopold in 1884 deepened her sorrow at jj| her earfter bereavement, and a period of retirement followed each death. Two years p afterwards she made a renewed effort to serve her people by the performance of I public functions, and appeared amongst them much more frequently than she had done in previous years. Her Majesty || opened the Colonial Exhibition in May, j| 1886; then the Liverpool International H Exhibition, and finished by a visit to is Edinburgh, and an inspection of the Craig- ( millar Institution for the Blind. In the || Jubilee year her Majesty opened the j| People's Palace in the East End of || London, and by many other kindly deeds |j shewed her hearty sympathy with the people. j| THE JUBILEE OF 1887. If The two Jubilee celebrations-the fiftieth |j year of her reign in 1887 and the Diamond | Jubilee, or sixtieth year, in 1897-were | the two principal occasions upon which the Queen celebrated landmarks in her history, among and with the help of her people. The Jubilee festivities of 1887 may be said to have been a grand dress rehearsal for the more magnificent function destined to take place ten years later. The rejoicings are no doubt still fresh in the minds of all adults still living. In every hamlet and village, as well as in every town, rich and poor joined in lestlvities and expressed their thankfulness at having j suoh a ruler. Many permanent memorials were obtained, including the costly Imperial Institute, which proved to be something of a white elephant, and one magnificent result of the Jubilee offering made to the Queen in all parts of the world was the establishment of a Nurses Fund, for the purpose of obtaining a large body of qualified nurses who might be sent to the homes of the poor and afflicted in times of sickness. A grand Review of the British Navy was held in honour of the occasion, and this review may be said to have marked the rehabilitation of the Queen's naval forces, which had been allowed to fall into a state of great neglect by successive Governments. The Emperor ) William of Germany and ot her princes and erowned heads attended the review, and appeared Dn' h impressed by the splendour '¡ snd strength of the Queen's first line or < defence. The first Jubilee was noteworthy too for bringing the Colonies closer to the S mother country. Their loyalty and devotion to the Queen on this occasion shewed that !j they were bound to us by something stronger than material, something more potent than treaties-the common venera- S tion for a venerable and much beloved } woman. The existence of this sentiment was to be still further emphasised ten years later, when the Secretary of State for the Colonies adroitly used the occasion to -bring the premiers of all self-governing Colonies home in order to talk over I matters of common interest and weal. II THE DIAMOND JUBILEE. jgj The day of the Diamond Jubilee was ? great and uniqne in the history of the ? nation. It was a national act of homage. ? It was not only those who are proud to ? own allegiance to the British Crown who ? celebrated the occasion. From friends ? across the Channel, from Russia, from ? Germany, from Austria, from Italy, from ? kith and kin across the Atlantic, came the ? echoes of rejoicings. In fact, the whole ? of the civilised world sent to London con- Pi gratulations and wishes for a prolonged ? and happy life for the lady who had then ? presided over the destinies of her country ? for sixty years, who had watched the i stirring events of the century, and who ? had played so conspicuous a part in history. ? London was crammed to excess. An H enormous sum of money changed hands for seats and lodgings during the week of festivity. The scene in St. Paul's ? Churchyard when the Queen went to offer ? a public thanksgiving for her long reign ? baffles description. The sightseers came ? from every nation; there were soldiers and sailors from all the world; the clergy came from every clime. The Archbishop ft of Finland stood in close converse with the Bishop of London; a Canadian Prelate H was surrounded by a small army of white- robed clergymen, and doctors of divinity ? were almost as plentiful as blackberries. U Here in the quiet and cool aisles of the || Cathedral, the various clerical processions |! were formed. From nine till eleven it took to marshal these important elements of the pageant, and shortly after the clock had fc chimed the hour the processions marched out. All the clergy wpre their vestments, t and the Archbishops of Canterbury and |? York were arrayed in rich robes of State, I' adorned with some of the priceless lace j| which has been handed down from prelate to prelate for many generations. When j they had assembled on the Cathedral steps f they had on their left the representatives of all the great Nonconformist sects of the I' British Empire, including a representative 11 of the Salvation Army, with his flaming | red jersey and gold letters. No words can j k describe the reception that her Majesty j| had as she came into the enclosure, and j her splendid creams, with their brand new rl trappings, were halted just at the foot of | the steps, where the aged Archbishop had 11 been patiently waiting for half an hour. I "My BELOVED PEOPLE." I Ihe service was a most impressive one- ? expressive of a nation's gratitude for the ? prolongation of a noble life. Directly her ? Majesty's carriage stopped the great choir æ commenced the Te Deum Laudamus, the | music of which was composed by Dr. ? Martin, organist of St. Paul's. Many of ? the foreign Princes saluted while this magnificent composition was being per- j ? formed, and several of the Royal ladies I occupying carriages on the south side stood | up, while the little Princes stood bare- | headed. The special prayer followed, and ? the clear voice of the Archbishop rang out ? across the churchyard, and even up in the ? perch so near to the dome of St. Paul's. ] ? The Queen had lowered her white silk 1 I parasol while the prayer was being recited, | ? and the sunlight played across her features s | and fell in bright showers over the group | | around the carriage. The Princess of Wales | B opened the royal parasol again as the bene- | ? diction was being pronounced, and, as the | ? Archbishop spoke the last word, the choir | ? commenced, and the spectators took up with | ? spontaneity, the hymn, "All people that on I ? earth do dwell. A wild scene followed. From 1 I housetops, from the grand stands, from | the Cathedral steps (aye, even from the 8 stately Archbishops themselves), there | )! came three hearty cheers, followed by j three more as the foreign Princes moved i again into order of procession, and the » R Prince of Wales moved up to his mother's j S side and sat with his marshal's baton touching his hat at the salute. At this ? moment it was a scene which no pen can I describe and no artist's brush can ever j I depict. Only those who were privileged to ? witness it can dream of all the magnificence | ? of the picture. Several dignitaries of the j Clairch were duly presented to her Majesty, | and the calvacade of princes having been !j | formed once more, the Queen went on her | way through the multitude amid hurri- j í canes of cheering. Before the festivities j j ot the week closed—they included a grand | I operatic performance, a royal ball, a royal I | dinner-party, a grand review, and num. | » Oerless smaller public functions, at which S the Queen appeared—her Majesty issued & | touching Meseage of Thanks to tlfte Britisl people, in which she said: "From y heart I thank my Beloved People." The nation was no less touched to know that jj in the great week of her apotheosis the Queen found time to visit the tomb of her husband. These pilgrimages to the spot where his dust was laid were very regular in the latter part of the Queen's life. B In the year of her Diamond Jubilee, on 8 the anniversary of the Prince Consort's 8 death, she requested also the attendance of B all her children then living, and few were 8 tbsent. Her Majesty always strove to keep tip the idea of union, which is so powerful tn influence for good in domestic nxe, ana to ner credit It may "be saiil" tliat ihe succeeded admirably. THB LAST YEARS OF A GREAT REIGN. I After the pageantry of the Diamond I Jubilee was over, and "the Captains and I the Kings" had departed, her Majesty | reverted again to that quiet domesticated | life which had obtained in the Royal | Household for the past decade. Her public appearances were, of course, few; but one j of the most notable was the occasion when, attended by the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York, she laid the foundation- stone of the Victoria and Albert Museum in Kensington, near to the Imperial Insti- tute-the memorial of the first Jubilee. This ceremony was performed on the eve of the Queen's eightieth birthday, and testi- fied to the true interest which her Majesty felt in the great work performed by the Prince Consort in the interests of science and /art in the country. Crowds cheered the Queen on her route to the new museum, and the heartfelt desire of the people on this attainment of her eightieth year was that she might be allowed the privilege of ending her days with her country at peace with all the world, and in the enjoyment of that full prosperity which had distinguished her glorious reign. But it was not to be. Early in 1899 it became evident that trouble was brewing in South Africa. Upon the merits of that trouble we have no occasion )§ here to dwell. Suffice it to say that when the time did come-in the autumn of the |3 year 1899 — when diplomacy acknow- | led god itself beaten and yielded to the cry j | for an appeal to arms her Majesty B? demonstrated in many ways how great was j[ her love for the country over which she ? i reigned. If the desire of the people had | [ been that peace might continue until the | | end of her days, the Queen's desire for S that happy condition of affairs had been no  | less. But her Majesty never permitted the |j ? strong wish which she entertained in that 0 ? direction to interfere with the policy which u | her Ministers deemed wisest and best in | the interests of the country; and when war e did come she faced its consequences as | heroically as she had in the Dast. and set 1 a noble example ot sell-sacnnce to ner | people. At an age when most persons | would be thinking alone of rest, the Queen | shewed the practical sympathy .me felt » I with her afflicted subjects by her activity J| in the efforts to relieve as far as possible j| their sufferings-by her frequent visits to ED the hospitals where the wounded from the K front lay, and, above all, by the abandon- Iment of the Continental holiday which had been considered necessary to her main- 1! S tenance of health by her physicians. In the I depth of the winter her Majesty journeyed H to London, and resided for several days in | g Buckingham Palace, from which she drove g on various days through the whole of the | metropolis, paying special attention to the | East-end, in order to shew her appreciation | if of the gallantry of her soldiers, numbers of | whom hailed from that part of London, and | whose relatives did not fail to demonstrate I the new burst of affection which,in common | with the whole of the nation, they felt v, M&fef J*:U•, X1" v> g at the evidence of the Queen s pmuMuai ? and personal sympathy with her stricken B? people. But her Majesty's active sym- ? pathy did not cease with the metro- t? polis or with England. The gallantry— ? than which none more conspicuous has ?j ever filled the pages of British history-of ? her Irish troops in Natal, and the nobility Si of the great commander-Lord Roberts- j|| who in the midst of his own personal grief ?a at the death of his only son had cheerfully ffl taken up the task of retrieving the English Si reverses, had touched her deeply—how a? deeply only those who were near her and tg witnessed her tears can tell. Of her own B| initiative the Queen decided to pay a visit ? to Ireland to, by her presence, thank the m Irish people for what her soldiers had done. i In the spring of 1900-after the relief of B? Ladysmith and Lord Roberts's victories in g the then Orange Free State—she went to S Ireland, and was received by a majority of ? the people of Dublin with a loyalty, and H by all with a respect, which was as gratify- g ing to her as to the English people Bg generally. Sparing herself not at all, her ? Majesty during three weeks' stay at the j? Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park managed ? to win the hearts of the gallant Irishmen almost as completely as she had long ? years before won those of her own country- !S men. ? The year 1900 was a sad one for the Bj! Queen personally,for she suffered two losses E? and many anxieties, which undoubtedly did H much to undermine the wonderful consti- ? tution which had borne her up through ? many years of trouble and trial. In June H her second son, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg- t? Goth a, who had been ailing in his German ? home for some time, suddenly became worse and died. The blow was a heavy one to her ? Majesty, but she bore up under it wonder- ? fully; and not the least comfort which H she experienced was in the spontaneity ? with which from all parts of the world ? the proof of her people's sympathy in 'her loss came. Nor was this all, for the ? health of her daughter, the Empress ? Frederick of Germany, became alarmingly ? undermined, and many were the anxious eg moments ere a favourable report again ? restored the octogenarian Mother-Queen to | a less anxious frame of mind. The year I was not, however, to close without another ? disastrous blow for, in the late autumn | the Prince Christian Victor, one of her I favourite grandsons, and a young man of | great promise, who had fought most ? gallantly throughout the South African 9 j War, died of enteric fever at Pretoria, his ? unexpected decease being followed very shortly by the ) reading of one of the H links of the Queen's household life by the ? sudden death of the Dowager Lady !| Churchill. Even these troubles did not, ? however, deter the Queen from fulfilling ? many functions which she conceived it to ? be her duty to perform. She saw at Wind- ? sor the returned Canadian troops, and ? personally thanked them for their devo- M tion-the occasion being one unparalleled, ? possibly, in the annals of any nation; and ? then on the memorable 3rd of January she sS received at OsLorne one of the most H distinguished and true-hearted servants of H her reign, Lord Roberts, and conferred ? on him an Ear idem and the Garter to ? 8!?tnfy her thanks for his services to the ? Empire. i In September, 1896, the Queen out- distanced every previous occupant of the j British throne in the length of her reign, and was spared, also, to live onger than any other Monarch when, on January 18th, she achieved the distinction of having outlived her great ancestor, George HI., who had previously held the record for I longevity, and who died at the age of eighty-ons years and two hundred and I thirty-nine days. Thus the late Queen, | ? besides having the glory of a reign ? unexampled for prosperity, in probably, fj ? the history of the world, broke all the | | records of England's Monarchy during her | I splendid life. 1 a RURAL ±-UP.WITS. I A- Though so wise a ruler,, the Queen loved Jj domesticity more than royal power. She [ I displayed it constantly in her life's pcts. E Her tastes were homely, almost rural, II fi it were. Perhaps much of her success a* a ( Sovereign was due to the motherly way in which she ruled. She imported into public life the clean, sweet atmosphere of home life. In her later years the Queen used to take strong interest in the rear- ing of fat stock. At all the larger agri- £ cultural shows she was represented yeal | by year. Not only did her Majesty inspect I the prize stock before it left for the show, a but she took a personal interest in the selection of beasts to be offered for sale. The Queen was perhaps not so keen an 8 agriculturist as her anceAot* Farmer 1 George," whose favourite fare was the a rustic dish, boiled mutton and turnips, but | it was related by a Berkshire farmet, who I was formerly a farm steward in the Royal I service, that in conversation her Majesty I shewed quite an abnormal knowledge of the I mysteries of fanning and cattle-raising. | | She entered whole-heartedly into rural 1 | pursuits. She was essentially conservative § in ner axtituno uiwafcis new i^Vefitions, 88 œ especially when they had regard to new § meana of locomotion. I A PATRON OF THE ARTS. I a This conservatism was visible too in regard to literature. She preferred the old authors, or rather the authors who were making their fame in the first half of her reign-Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, the Brontes, and Tennyson. The Queen accepted dozens of volumes yearly from new and pushing authors, but it is doubtful whether she ever read them. She had a taste for literature herself, and wrote womanly accounts of her various tours and her daily life. When young she spent hours in the library at Windsor, which is still one of the most interesting rooms in the kingdom. There, among hundreds of other books, is the precious volume of Spenser's Faerie Queen," which Queen Elizabeth had pored over many a time and oft. And there, too, may be found the wonderful collection of prints and photo- graphs of Raffaelle's paintings, put together by Prince Albert. The Queen, once such g a frequent visitor, was in later life never seen in the library, as, owing to the weakness of her knees, she became unable to ascend the steps and pass through the H passages which lead there from her own | apartments. All devotees of art in all its phases, however, found in the Queen a kindly patron. Painters, poets, sculptors, | musicians, vocalists, dramatists, actors, all i found a welcome at Court. She was an unfailing patron of the theatre. Before the death of Prince Albert she n used to attend the theatres in state very & frequently, but after the sad event which H clouded her life she forsook personal enter- al tainment for a time, and in later years invited the principal companies to play H at her various residences. The Queen was H the first British Monarch to recognise the H profession unreservedly, her appreciation || of this form of art culminating in the H knighthood bestowed upon one of the freatest of its exponents—bir Henry Irving. At one time the Queen had quite a fancy for keeping the portraits of actors. When specially pleased with anyone's per- formances she would secure three, four, or even half-a-dozen pictures of the same person, and would have them placed in the Windsor photograph albums, or scattered about the tables in the music- room. But the greatest photograph col- lector in the country at that time was the Princess Henry of Battenberg. She had over eight hundred photographs placed about her various rooms, and thousands safely stowed away. Her Royal Highness when quite a small child was an assiduous oollector of photographs. The Queen was always remarkably thoughtful, also, when 1 languishing home industries required en- | couracrement. One case alone will serve 1 as an illustration. For the purpose of en- | couraging the women in the district of | Balmoral to keep up spinning, the Queen | ¡ gave her commissioner orders to buy up | ¡ a number of small spwmngwhee1B, and she | I gave these to different cottages, buying | tiM produce afterwards. Her Majesty at | one time was very fond of spinmng, and 8 spun a good deal. Later, however, through | frequent attaebs of rheumatism, she was | unable to work the treadle. On account | of so much oil being used in preparing I wool for spinning, the Queen preferred to || spin flax. I THE QUEEN AS GOVERNOR. I i In all her public life the Queen ever acted constitutionally. When she came to the Throne the race of self-seeking, 5 ambitious monarchs passed away. She ruled 'j according to law, and within the law— exercising, nevertheless, a considerable and never to 1 rr t 1 influence over her I Prime Misters. Aluch as she disliked rSTCFCf "JTpC AywmwauMK Iand feareu ?ie Home projects of ? Mr. Gladstone, she did nothing to prevent ? the measure being fairly judged by her ? people, although she did not hesitate to ? express her strong dislike to the measure ? to intimate private friends such as Lord jS Tennyson. No review of her Majesty's iS reign would be complete without a reference jN to the individuality of the Ministers who ? held the first office of State. Lord Mel- Eg bourne was Premier of a Whig Government when the young Queen was called to her as exalted position, and there can be no ? question that he proved a very valuable ? counsellor and discreet adviser. On the jM news of his death, her Majesty wrote: SS "Truly and sincerely do I deplore the loss ? of one who was a most kind and disinte- ? rested friend of mine, and most sincerely g attached to me. Lord Melbourne was not ? a man of great intellectual powers, but he *had strong common sense, a wide knowledge ? of the world, and tact and graciousness ? which enabled him to shine in society ? and make many friends. Sir Robert ? Peel, who was leader of the Conservative ? party at this time, is generally held by  H „ historians to have been the most powerful  ? man in the House of Comons at this g ? period. His ability most asserted itself as t ? a financier. He made permanent the j  Income-tax, which had for a short time i*j S been imposed by Pitt, and by the aid of  this source of revenue he made beneficial *1 changes in the burden of taxation. He reorganised the police force; the new cozi" I stabulary for a long time bore the nickname t of peelers." But he will be. remembered longest for his conversion to the principles ? of Free-trade, and the sacrifices he made to !l carry the measure for the repeal of the A  Corn Laws. He was Premier from 1842 to  1843. Lord John Russell (afterwards Earl | ? Russell), who was leader of the Whig party | ? in the House of Commons at the begin- i ? ning of the Queen's reign, and became | ? the head of the party in succession to | I Lord Melbourne, was admittedly not an | ? orator, but he was a keen debater, with a  quiet strength of argument that was eSec- | tive. He supported Catholic emancipa- ? tion and the repeal of the Corn Laws, and 1 his name will also be associated with the Jj repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, 1 and the reform of municipal corporations. i Hp was Premier from 1847 to 1852, and | < in 1866. The Earl of Derby, who was ? styled by Bulwer Lytton "the Rupert of $ debate," succeeded Sir Robert Peel in the leadership of the Conservative party. Lord J Aberdeen, who was Prime Minister of a M Coalition Ministry of Whigs and Pe¡¡tes, 4 held the chief office of State for only two 1 years-1853 and 1854? Lord Palmerston M ? was Premier from 1855 to 1858, and from i ? 1859 to 186& He was first returned to Barliament as a Conservative, figured in ? II W:e Coalition Ministry, and ultimately became head of the Whig party. His K cbajscter has been described as "strenuous. Belf-assertlve," and lie was peculiarly strong in foreign politics, having studied them >| as no statesman of his time had done, and |  strengthened himself by proficiency in .? ? foreign languages. Of Disraeli, Gladstone,  ? Rosebery, and Salisbury there is no J- ? occasion to speak here. Their names are household words. To all these loyal servants ? the Queen gave loyal aid. Their benencent ? ? and. humanitarian aims might have been | g checked had it not been for her MaJesty S j g ready help at times of need. E I "THE MILLIONAIRE QUEEN." B I ? I I Queen Victoria was understood among jg many to be the possessor of great riches. » Her possessions were placed at millions. K There was once even a murmur of protest: at the accumulations she was supposed to » possess. This once popular belief will turn | out to be much exaggerated when the details transpire in the ordinary course of events. As a matter of fact, the Queen had 1 little money of any kind to start with, but i she was careful, as becomes the best of jj| women with a large family, and she made ? a few fortunate speculations with her surplus income. Osborne was turned by g her into a splendid property, which may 1 now yield a considerable sum to the heirs i of the Queen; and Balmoral also was an a instance of money well spent All j j I through her life the Queen had trusty JM financial advisers. They looked after fi her best interests with scrupulous ? i care. The selection of investments || I was not a difficult matter, for there were j n numbeES oi Dersons of icr???v readx?nd I 1 fr?? g Vo suggest prMR?BIe' "scnemes 9 ■ to the Queen's financial advisers. Un- I doubtedly her Majesty made a good deal of j | money during her reign, not to speak of i the gifts sent her by loyal subjects, apd B the legacies left to her by eccentric in- | dividuals who had no relatives to provide } for. On the other hand, her Majesty had 1| a large family. It was not always a careful family. It is well enough known < that on several historic occasions her Ma- Q jesty had to pay the debts of some of her » near relatives. She was, moreover, a liberal § giver to charity. Her private charities, < could the total be made known, would be found to have amounted to an enormous sum. It is not generally known that the | well known words, A Sympathiser, Windsor," occurring in all manner of charity lists, formed the regular pseudonym | of the Queen. In an infinite number of cases it was not expedient for the Queen I to render her help officially, and so this method was adopted. The Queen may in 1 truth have made a good deal, but she was | to generous spender also, and her estate | itanuot fail to shew signs of it.