The Pembroke County Guardian and Cardigan Reporter

KU SotTespondencb and other cornmunicationa Intended for this department should be ad- Sraued AGRICULTURAL EDITOR, Guardian Dffice," Haverfordwest.

jrfLAND and SOU, Carriage Builders. HAVERFORDWEST. Steam Factory, Old Bridge, Haverfordwest

shrubs which yield bright berries. Pyros Ringo is a near relative of our native Apple-tree. Its flowers in May are white or rose tint. In autumn it bears golden fruit about the size of Cherries or a little larger. One of the Hawthorns, Crataegus crusgalli. the North American Cock- spur Thorn, has many claims. In spring it is a wonderful sight, covered with lovely white flowers which have a ruddy tinge. A few weeks ago it was bearing handsome and edible scarlet berries. Now its foliage has varied hues of colour from lemon-yellow to scarlet. Pyrus baccata. the Siberian Cherry Crab, is crowded with white flowers in spring. Scarlet tinted yellow fruit about the size of Cherries adorns it now, and will last till Christmas. This tree forms a striking object on the lawn. A beauti- ful shrub is Cotoneaster rotundifolia, of Hima- layan origin and. therefore, hardy and strong. It is so hardy, indeed, that it will sometimes carry its bright scarlet berries right through our winter until spring returns. In April it is ready to bloom again, bearing solitary white flowers. It grows only a. y,rd to four feet high. PULLETS LAYING. A "Constant Reader" writes to me asking for the best method of encouraging pullets to lay. First let me say it is generally considered that it is cheaper and more advantageous to do nothing beyond careful feeding to induce early laying. I do not know when my. correspondent's puliets were hatched. If not before May or June —a favourite time for hatching among old-fashioned poultry owners—he must not ex- pect the first egg till some weeks after New Year's Day; for if. when the cold weail.er comes, they are still immature, they uiil bo checked :1'" dc".e1oping arid thrown back fi.r weeks. If they were hatched rt. tho. close, of winter or in the verv euriv snrintr. there, is no reason why with regular and carefully ?clectru food nearly all varieties of puiloi should net have begun to lay now. Fowls confined in small and warm runs 1.1 the tUvk :r.id <hi,l season are much more likely to lay rpy.li'y than those ii.at have a free range but r.rc- 11.0: o < posed lo tain and cold w inds. Soft fa;1 <:i\< n the first thing in ilie to early production of eggs. Pca-me.i!. mixed with an equal quantity of line bran, scalded and di^rd off with middlings, male- an e\eei;enf food. About hlf an ounce ci i., e,,[ at midday three or four times a week. ti> i before roosting a meal of wheat or oats. If the puliets are to be healthy and useful birds, nothing more than this must be done, unless it be noticed that a bird finds difficulty in passing its first egg. In that case the vent should be oiled gently with a feather. POULTRY FOR THE MARKET. During the next few weeks poultry-keeper* will be occupied in finishing their poultry for the markets, and the publication of a leaflet by the Board of Agriculture. 4, Whitehall-place, S.W., on the subject is certain to be of interest. Directions are given for the killing, plucking, shaping, grading, and packing of fowls, ducks, geese, and turkeys. As regards killing, the first point is to starve the birds for twenty-four hours before death, and as to plucking, this should be done while the body is still warm, as the feathers then come out more easily, and there is less danger of tearing the skin, a result of careless management which greatly depreciates the selling value of the birds. The shaping pro- cess is becoming more general, and it is advis- able as tending to improve the appearance of the chickens. After the hirds are pluckcd and singed they are packed tightly breast downwards in a shaping trough with the heads hanging over the front board, and left in this position for the flesh to set and cool, a weighted board being placed along their backs. A very important point is to allow all poultry to cool before they are despatched. Grading is a more important matter than is generally supposed. Birds of about the same size should be packed together, but if different sizes must be included in the package the larger and smaller should be ar- ranged in different layers, and the fact intima- ted to the buyer. Among the general hints given in the leaflet is a remark to the effect that hens are rarely worth their keep after the conclusion of their second year, and conse- quently, when they attain that age. they should be fattened off for the market, there being a good demand for this class of fowl at Easter and in early summer. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. "CONSTANT READER." *'M.TI.N. and "J. T."—I have answered your inquiries above. All correspondence affecting this column should be addressed to A Son of the Soil," care of the Editor of this journal.

AGRICULTURE. PROTECTIVE CROPS FOR PASTURES. General Considerations.—Not only does a protective crop shield the young pasture from the evil effects of draught, frost, and wind, but profitably utilises the soil while the grasses and leguminous plants develop, and renders great assistance by keeping weeds in check until the young pasture plants are sufficiently strong to successfully contest the ground with them. If the seeds be sown without a pro- tective cereal a costly process of weeding is usually necessary to remove noxious species which are propagated principally by their roots the annual seed-producing kinds being, of course, readily destroyed by. an occasional mowing with a scythe, an operation of great benefit to the young grasses. It follows, there- fore, that a protecting chop is desirable in all cases excepting, perhaps for the formation of ornamental swards. In the interests of the future pasture it is much preferable to cut a cereal for green fodder than to permit it to mature for the production of grain or straw, because the necessary protection is thus afforded without shading the pasture plants too long, and without taking so much out of the land. The choice of corn must naturally, to some extent, be controlled by the character of the land. Thickness of Sowing.-Thick seeding with a cereal is directly injurious, as the plants tiller out and occupy the space which should be devoted to the grasses and clovers, besides which the heavier the sowing so much the greater the danger and loss to be apprehended from the chop being laid. Indeed, it is ab- solutely essential to the success of a pasture that any protective cereal be sown thinly only, and this is especially so in the case of winter corn in which a mixture is to be sown in spring. Not more than half the usual quantity of barley should be used, though greater pro- portions of other cereals may be employed. Cereals to be Cut Green.—Of all spring-sown protective crops, oats, to be cut green, are most to be preferred, because they do not occupy the land too long when cultivated in this way, while, if properly managed, they give a good supply of excellent green fodder. By taking the first cutting when the crop is not more than six or seven inches in height, all risk of injury to the grasses and clovers are obviated, a second and considerable crop of green fodder is obtained from the oats, and a third and final cutting may be taken in autumn from the young pasture plants. Summer bearded wheat is sometimes sown to shelter young pastures and supply abundant green fodder, but as it springs oftener and continues growing longer than oats it. is apt to shade the ground too late in the season. I Rye excels oats in hardiness, and is, there- fore, more often used for autumn sowings to produce green fodder. Cereals for the Grain.—Amongst, spring-sown protective cereals heat is most desirable, since it dies out of the land sooner than oats, and does not tiller out too freely. Summer barley can only be relied on in good land, does not yield much straw, and in favourable seasons occasionally tillers out so luxuriantly as to eventually leave vacant spaces in ,.1e pasture. Oats occupy the land too long, and are too easily laid for a desirable protective crop. Winter wheat and rye are sometimes em- ployed to protect spring-sown seeds. but they are readily laid, and are frequently thus re- sponsible for serious injury to the young fodder plants, especially to leguminous varieties. Other Protective Crops.—Rape and flax have been employed with more or less success, but the latter is not generally cultivated in this country, while sheep do great damage to the young pasture, especially when feeding off the former. TESTING PASTURE SEEDS. The absolute essentials for accurate tests are suitable temperature, proper supply for mois- ture and free ventilation, though darkness is also highly desirable. The normal temperature of germination under natural conditions is from 55 degrees to 65 degrees F, and in artificial tests a con- stant temperature between 60 degrees and 80 degrees F should be maintained. The heat of an ordinary living-room will, however, gener- ally be found sufficient for home tests, though a little fire may be advantageously provided if the night temperature appear likely to fall very low. Free access to water is necessary, but seeds do not germinate satisfactorily when immersed, so that some such medium as felt, flannel, stout blotting paper, etc., must be employed to supply abundant moisture without permit- ting water to actually accumulate round the seeds. Free access of air is most important, as carbonic acid gas is given off by the germinat- ing seeds. Light appears to exert a directly harmful influence on germination, so as all tests should, as far as possible, be made in darkness, except- ing those of seeds of the meadow grasses (poas), which do not germinate in darkness, but must I be tested in the light. Yellow cat grass seeds

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LAND FOR THE LANDLESS. Fair Rents and Full Security. BY JOHN L. KINLOCK, M.A. A living room adjoining the byre, where the wretched cow lies, damp earthen floors, nets for mending hung from the roof, damp clothes smelling of fish, a fire on a stone in the middle of the floor, a single pane of glass where the thick rotting thatch rests on the low, thick walls, no proper outlet for the 'reek" which fills the house with a blue haze that makes the eyes of strangers water and irritates their lungs. Such are the homes of thousands of Haghland crofters. When it is added that the people themselves are often overworked and oftener without proper food, it is little wonder that consumption has become a scourge in the Highlands. So pitiful are its ravages, so pathetic is their appeal, that the naturally kind hearts of many of the landlord class have been touched, and they subscribe to Sanitoria, while the ladies especially work by such means to stamp out the scourge. Yet they have the effrontory to charge those poor people from £ 2 to £ 5 every year for permission to build those wretched hovels, and work those miserable scraps of land among the rocks. One word in passing. It has nothing to do _lith the main argument of the paper, but is necessary in case a wrong impression is left. Go into one of tnose hovels and speak with those within, and while doing so cast a care- ful glance around. The furniture, the well- scrubbed home-made settle along the wall, the shining dishes arranged to give the place a cheerful air, all bespeak careful liouse-wifery. You are received in a dignified and hospitable manner, and the conversation is that of inde- pendent, intelligent, observant people. Their children too in the schools have work to show which compares favourably with that of our cities. This is another proof that it is not ig- norance that is the root of these people's poverty. Wretched as these conditions arc the people still cling to them with a tenacity which the oft-quoted allurements of the cities, the music-halls and the rest, cannot affect. For if they are poor, they have yet the price- less gift of freedom. So long as they pay the rent fixed by the Crofter Commission their possession cannot be disputed. The effect which this security of tenure had on the char- acters and even the bearing of the men was remarkable. In the cities one is continually met in an appeal for support in the work of reform by the answer "Yuu have my sympathy, but I dare not take an open part." Minister:: are frightened to offend their churches; teach- their boards; employees their masters; wealthy shop-keepers their customers. Not so the crofters. It is rather, "Show us what we can do, and we are ready to do it." It is to a large extent the growth of this spirit which has made the landed aristocracy set themselves so steadily against the creation of new crofts with security of tenure. Freedom from the fear of arbitrary inter- ference or eviction is good, but why should I those crofters have to pay even V,4 a year to secure it? After all it is only partial freedom; for from so small a patch of ground it is hard, and even in bad seasons impossible, to raise that £4 of the rent. Those who have sons must send them to the fishing to earn it, and those who have daughters must send them to work at fish curing, far from home, in con- ditions which might make them envy the cabin of a negro slave on his cotton plantation. When the fishing fails, the lot of the crofter- is pitiful. But again I repeat it is not the climate, it is not the poor soil, but the bad land laws which produce all thi:; misery. Several schemes are advanced for remedying these conditions. The method of purchase has been adopted in some cases by the Congested Districts Board. Throughout the barren Outer Isles, Argyllshire or Invernessshire, I saw no poorer crofters' houses than on the estate of Kilmuir, which the Government purchased some years ago in the island of Skye. The medical officer there told me that many of the houses were without windows or chimneyr and quite unfit for human habitation. The Board, be it remembered, had not failed to re- pair the little inn, and make it comfortable for themselves on their official visits. They hid bought the estate at a valuation, and in order to repay the borrowed money they rc- quire to "put the screw on" more severely than the private landlord had done. He had found gound ground rent at £4 per acre, but the board demanded i26 per acre for the site of an isolation hospital. They hoped the cotters would purchase land from them, but I believe not a single lot has been so taken. The jeason is not far to seek. I have already shown how hard it is for the crofters to pay their rents. Now the purchase price of the land is estimated on the basis of these rent?, so that the purchaser has to pay every year the amount of those rents and the little more which is to make the land his own in, —say 40 "years. This little more, for a benefit to be de- rived 40 years hence, is more than the crofters can pay. Over and above this, since the pur- chaser is both owner and occupier, he has to I pay the rates and taxes of both, and since t these are levied on the esfiinated annual value of his house and steading, and not as in the case of the croi'ier on his ground rent, his rates may be many tunes greater than the crofter's. Land purchase has failed so obviously and completely in tiif Highlands (as in Ireland, that it is almost waste of time to argue agiamu it. From Land's End to John O'Grcat's the country is ringing with the demand ior small holdings. In England an Act has been passed to satisfy this demand, and to place within the reach of men a small or moderate amount of capital farms which will enable ihcin to support themselves and their families, or allot- ments which will assist them to add to 1, E laconics, and encourage them to remain on the land. The Act has now been in operation for some time, but those imm.cdiaicly concerned in acquiring land find serious, and in many cases, insuperable, osbtacles in the way. The cause of this is.tha. there is nothing in the Act which may incline the landowners to make their land accessible to men of moderate means. According to reports which come from c'ifierent counties, tnere is a univers.il tend- ency for higher prices io be asked for the land. TlIat is, the barriers which have kept men out of farms, the force which drives them out, high ients. have been still further raised. The same thing has been -experienced in Ireland under the operation of the Irish Land Act of 1S03. The price of land has gone up to such an extent thai the payments are threat- ening to rum the Irish ratepayers who are bound by the terms of the Act to sustain any loss which may follow/purchase. At present tilts loss amounts to 13 per cent, of the money raised. There is not one good feature about the Act, except from the landlord's point of view. who think they are benefitting themselves by making th £ tenant purchasers pay interest on a large number of years' purchase, by im- poverishing the Irish ratepayers and now by throwing the burden on to the British tax- pavers through the Treasury. The taxation of land values is based on the opposite principle, that of making the land- owner pay on the full value of his land, wheth- er used or unused. This would enormously reduce the price and rent of land. At present the rating system is absolutely unequal and unjust. Under it the same piece of land might be rated thus; if idle, at nothing; if partly used, say as a sheep farm, at Gd. per acre; if a small holding, at £ 1; if a market garden, at L-8; if used for a house, at £10; if a public school, £ 20; and if for city waterworks, at any price which the wealth of the city will I encourage the landowner to ask. The Duke of Montrose is demanding for the city of Glasgow the sum of £ 2G,S00 for a piece of uncultivated, almost useless, moorland which the city wishes to flood and use as an addition- i al reservoir. It is probable that the arbitrators I will award about £ 18,000. i Thus theoretically, if valuators do their work properly, the man who puts his ground to the most profitable use, reaps the same profit as the man who neglects his ground. On the other hand, under the taxation of land values, since it fixes the rent of the ground solely by such factors as position and quality of the soil. proximity to markets, local improvements. and similar conveniences, the man who puts his land to the most profitable use receives the largest return. There is another aspect from which all this may be viewed. What is the use of the most fertile soil or the most cultivated market garden if there is not a convenient market, or if rail- way rates are so high as to absorb all the profits? High railway rates, especially in Eng- land, have made farming in many parts, un- profitable. Now one great cause of high rail- way rates is the excessive price which the railway companies have had to pay for the ground on which they run, so that farmers and small holders would only be acting in their own interests if they enabled railway com- panies to secure cheap lana on the principles I I have indicated. Again, the positions of I many farms, holdings, and gardens, would be greatly improved by the proximity of a pros- perous residential population. Obviously by securing cheap land for building purposes, the taxation of land values would encourage this. After all, small holdings are for one class only, while in supporting the taxation, or as many prefer to call it, the socialisation of land values, the small holder would secure to him- self more than any existing small holders bill offers, and besides that he would be standing shoulder to shoulder with the over-burdened ratepayer, the farmer and the labourer, the shopkeeper and the artisan, the quarry-men and the miner, the mill-girl and the mother, every man, woman, and child who produces wealth by act of hand or brain, in the great struggle to throw off those taxes which throttle industry, and above all, to free the nation from the blight of landlordism. The interests of so many are on one side. their need is so great, their cause is so clear and so just that they must succeed, and at last gain for the whole nation, the fields and the forests, the rivers, the rocks, and the mines, all the God-given land.

FOOD Wherever there is a case cf en- feebled digesticn, whether from advancing age, illness, or general n debility, there is a case for Benger's Food. Nsl When the stomach becomes weakened, the digestion o £ jp| ordinary food becomes only partial, and at times is painful; little of the food is assimilated, p 1, and the body is consequently insufficiently nourished. I lil This is where Benger's Food helps. It contains m itselr the natural digestive principles, and is quite different from an)7 other food .obtainable. || All doctors know and || approve of its composition, and prescribe it freely |||j Benger's Food ii told in linn by Chemist$, c/c.^cvcr$u:hcrc. ft Advertise in the Gardiun."

.i AND MARKETS. i- K DOCK, Nov. 19C8.-Dud:s, ¿; -3:1 t. ud. each; fowls, 2s. 4d. to 2s. 8d.; 1- b'ef, 8d. to 9d. per lb.; mut- ton. 7d t cd.; lomb. 8d. to 9ck; pork, 7d. to 8d.: I t r, s. I, to Is. c es C, 1.c 3 r 1. i.Fri., Nov. 13.—There was a fair --I1, ■" d;ll,1. butter in casks realising I per Ib.. whilst pound rolls 7 h:- :d. to Is. 2J;d. Eggs, 9 for Is.; .'V' to 4s. 6d. per i o i o 1: ■ 8J. to lOd.; and veal and o 7d. ICI ll). 4s. to O*. < 2s. 3-1. to os. Get.: fowls. Is. Gd. to JU. ra obits, 7.1. to Ed.: beef, 4id. to 8ci. nor lo.: mutton, 7d. to 8d.; lamb. 7d. to Bid.; 1 potk, 5.1. to td.; ver.l. 7d. to Gd.; butter. Is. Id. j oj I:. 2d.: cheese, 5d to Gd.; eggs, 8 for Is.; 20x03 Tor Is. CARMARTHEN, Saturday. ZNOV. 14.—Owing to the i.iir fulling on a Saturday, there was only s.i-.ali supply of butter on dLr. Quotations: Cask butter. Is. 2d.; fresh ditto, Is. 2d to L. 3d. per lb.; dressed pouhry—fowls. 5s. to Gs. per couple: uuc.'ts, 2s. 9d. to 3s. Gd.. and geese, 4s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. ctich; eggs, S lor Is.: cnoese, 37s. Gel. per cwt. LLANUILO, Sat., Nov. 14.-B(-)lh the demand and supply were small, and the attendance throughout was much below the average. The weather was fairly fine.—Quotations:—Butter (fresh). Is. 3d. and Is. 3d. per lb.; tub, Is. 3d.; cheese, elsli, 6d. per lb.; cream or Caer- pliilly, 8 £ d.; eggs-lieii, 8 for Is, turkey. 2d. 2 each; poultry—geese alive, 7s. ana 8s. each; 2 trussed, llld. per lb.; turkeys alive, 16s. a couple, fowls alive. 4s. 6d. to 5s. 6d. a couple: trussed. 10d. per lb.; ducks alive. 2s. 9d. and 3s. each; trussed, lld. per lb.; pheasants, 55. 2 a brace, hares, 3s. 6d. each; rabbits, 9d. and lOd. each. There was a good supply of meat— beef prime joints, 9d. per lb.; other cuts, 8d. and 8 £ d. per lb.; steak, lOd.; suet and kidneys, 6d; lamb, 9d.; mutton. 8d. and 8d.; pork. 8d.; pigs cheek, 3J,d.; fruit and vegetables —potatoes, 3s. 6d. per cwt.

THE VAGRANT PROBLEM. A VIOLENT DRCXKARD. At a petty sessional court, held in tne Town Hall, before Messrs. T. G. Bennett, and B. G. Llewhelin, on Friday morning, a powerfully- built navvy, -ailing from Dublin, and answer- ing to the name of John Guyney, was charged with having behaved in a disorderly manner whilst drunk in allis Street on the previous evening. Constable Davies stated that prisoner was shouting and using obscene language, and that when requested to go away he lay down in the street, and, with an oath, challenged the officer to lock him up. He was further charged with having maliciously damaged a slop-bucket, valued at 3s,. belonging to the county. Sergt. Rosser stated that, at about eight o'clock, he heard a terrible row coming from the cell in which prisoner was confined and, upon investigation, found that he had been beating the pail against the walls, with the result that it was broken all to pieces, and a considerable quantity of plaster had been dislodged. Prisoner asserted that the pail was broken when he found it in the cell.—This was denied by Constable Davies. For the drunkenness prisoner was sentenced to fourteen days' imprisonment, whilst upon the second charge he was fined 10s. with 4s. costs, and ordered to pay 3s. damages, the penalty in default being fixed at a further term of fourteen days' imprisonment, to run consecutively to the other. Upon hearing the decision, prisoner pro- tested that that was the first time that he had ever been in court, and that it was very hard. He had not been long in this country, and he would not have been treated so severely in Ireland. He had only a few coppers with which to buy food, and it was unfair that he should lose them. Supt. Brinn assured him that the money would be returned to him.

DEATH OF CAPT. G. MATHIAS IN SOUTH AFRICA. The South African papers just to hand an- nounce the death of Captain George Montague Mathias, D.S.O., a member of a well-known Pembrokeshire family. He was a son of the late Mr. George Mathias, of Tenby, and brother to Colonel Henry Mathias, C.B., who will al- ways be remembered as the officer who led the charge of the bordon Highlanoers at JJargai in the Tirah Campaign. Another brother is Colonel Hugh Mathias, D.S.O., who was in cliarg-2 of Princess Christian's Hospital in the South African war. Captain Mathias went to Souih Africa 25 years ago, and became identified with many successful gold ventures. He settled in Natal, and during the war was appointed captain of the Imperial Light Horse, which he assisted in raising. He was present at the occupation of Krugersdorp by the British, and was de- corated for gallantry curing the war. He had many friends in South Africa, amongst them being Sir Percy Fitzpatrick and Mr. Abe Bailey, and his death has caused deep regret. Captain Mathias died at Muizenberg, whither he had gone in quest of health, at the age of ) 41. lie leaves a widow and two children. 1

The proprietors of the "Queen," the Lady's Newspaper, with the Christinas Double Num- ber. will present each reader with a beautiful work of art. in the form of a Rembrandt Gravure reproduction, 28 by 23 inches, of the original expressly painted for the "Queen" by the well-known artist, Arthur J. Elsley, entitled Out of Reach." a charming little child protecting a kitten from a foxterrier puppy. The picture is artisically produced on proof paper, and as a real work of art is worth many times the sum charged, being, without doubt, the finest plate ever given away with a- news- I paper, and we advise our readers to order at once from their Newsagents. The "Queen" Newspaper will, as usual, be I replete with most interesting matter, appro- priate to the season of Christmas, and contri- buted by titled ladies well known in Society.

i. I -Bfodog Timber Yard, Fishguard. W. MORGAN & SON, I I to Inform the pnbbc generally tbat tbay- have OPENED BUSINESS as TIMBER MERCHANTS And have now In stock all kinds cf Timber, also general Building Materials. Sawing (bf ) Gas Power) done on the Prenii&es. ORDERS EE,PECTFULLY SOLICITED. "111': LADIES We want an opportunity to convince you that APIOL MO STEEL PILLS •uper-ede h'eunyroyai. Pi j Cochia. Bitter Apple JLe witl tciid yon "aMple free on receipt of Id stamp for postage 6dd by iili C demists at Is. lid. per box. LEB Ii: .(il.-i • JLJS Ltd., Chemists 34. D ALSTON LANE. LONDON SHE FOMENT, PLEASE- Have yon glwn your Order for an I d AUTUMN SUIT ? If not, it will PAY YOU to place that order with I I J. M. JAMES, k PI!AC i ICAL TAILOR, &c., ST. DAVIDS. Newest and Bf^t Hange of Mater- iI ials to &eitfct from. r n t' — I Satisfaction Guaranteed. Prices i moderate. Style and Fit Perfect. A Trial Order Solicited. THE FAMOUS CABLE T3A. I rhe proprietors of the Famous Cable Tea write :— In consequence of the reduction in Tea Duty of One Penny per pound, we have decided, as from May 14th, 1906, to reduce the I Wholesale price of the Famous Cable Tea One Penny per pound, but the Retail price will be changed -n from 2 2 per I b. to 2/ This will leave a smaller profit to the Retailer, but the Retailer must look for his compensation in in- oreased sales. This popular Tea, at the popular pric, jf 2/ should have a largely increased sale, as the Proprietors are determined to keep the quality fully up to the standard. Our Local Agents, MESSRS. WM JOHN and SON, Quay Street, Haverfordwest, supply the Famous Cable Tea, in 101b. and 201b. and 501b. Boxes, and to whom all your Orders should be sent. A PERFECT POLICY. The Corporation insures against ALL Sickness and ALL Accidents | and returns 50% of all premiums paid to non-claimants. It is the only Policy of the kind. Write for Prospectus now. OTHER SCHEMES. i DRUGGISTS er BURGLARY. THIRD PARTY COUPON. INDEMNITIES. CYCLE. CONTRACT, SOLVENCY and FIDELITY GUARANTEES I I WRITE FOR PROSPECTUS. [Head Office 104 WEST GEORGE STREET, GLASGOW, j A. REGINALD POLE. Gen. Manager. j A. REGINALD POLE. Gen. Manager. j ALFRED REES, THE STORES, PUNCHESTON. D ESIRES to inform his Customers that he I -— is continually preparing to meet their w-;)ils with the very best goods in all depart- ments. A SPLENDID SELECTION of the latest Milli- nery and Dress materials has just arrived from the leading markets. THE DRESSMAKING AND MILLINERY are managed by highly experienced hands, and all orders will have careful and prompt attent- tion. SUITS TO MEASURE.—This department also receives very careful attention. the tit. style, t and quality of work and cloth and price can- j not be beaten. A good selection of BOOTS AND SHOES by best makers only, at all times in stock. GROCERY AND PROVISIONS of the very best; flour, meals, etc.. eCc., of the very best, at lowest possible price. Also a continually new stock of Paper Hangings, Earthenware, Ironmongery, Paints, Oils. Patent -Medicines- almost anything you may require, is to be found at the A. REES, Stores, Puncheston. New laid Eggs and Fresh made Butter, in small or big lots, brought at the very best price possible. A REES begs respectfully to solicit your support, thanking all for past favours. au28— A8T0PDLG VALUE IS! t1 \3' 2 \J Jl DAVIES' SPCCEAL SBOWH SOAP. TBfS SOAP it* introduction is commuhd.inn a larae and ever iu- creaxiug Sale, which apcaka for itself. Ei 'era Laundress and Housewife should use it. PER BAR 2j ibS 77(is soap can he obtained from:— A. VINCENT DAVIES, PROVISION STORES, BRIDGE STREET, Fj AYiiRFORDWEST. BOROUGH OF TEE TOWN &.NL- CoUSa* OP HA VERFCRDWEST. FAIRS FOR 1908 THE F AIR for 1808 will be held M fel- lows, uzxlees unforseen circsrasfcasQM maks an alteration necessary:— DECEMBER Tuesday. iSiii. I THE PIG FAIRS Will be held on the day after the Cattle TtikJto. Dealers and others attending the HavftfozZ. wut., Fairs are hereby cautioned agiinti practice oi Lacerating with a Knife oz Inctruaect for the purpose of Marking animal, and Notice is Hereby Given ti.. õ$-' der Statue 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. n: tJZ persons fee ad Lacerating any Animal dl: W liable to t. Penalty of £.5, ISAIAH REYNOLDS, Mayor. Haveriordwest and St David's. I T HE City Hotel Omnibus or Brake will, until further notice will run on Saturdays between St. David's and Haver- fordwest. leaving St. David's at 7 a.m., return- ing from Haverfordwest on the arrival of the 2.40 train. Fares 2s. 6d. Extra charge for luggage. G. MARTIN, Proprietor. | M E fv ft Y W E T H ERS* | HAND FIRE PUMP [ S;„l inj i'.mBus;, a" I HRE t i. Neihiag to hi out of order, j a. Kotii;r.g lo corrc 'e,. J l&i 25^0 ci:t of v.v! 41991 If i. London. Kires were extin- j f e'.ufheJ in or.e ear ty the^e > p £ CASTUC :•», t xr-it,. „r r>l I 63, LONG ACRE, W.C., f f9 LOM)CN. i- 1 THE SLADE TIMBER YARD PISEQUARD. J. M."GUILD, (Late W. Williams & Son.) Timber Merchimt, HAS a large and varied sto:k cf Good Bully- ing Timb.-r (in Red Pitch-pine, Wt:M and Spri.1 fl oring Boards irtd Match- boards, Yellow Pine, Spruce Archixngsl White, American White Wood, Carolma Pine aDd O&k sawn Hoards. Pr,tp..re,, Mci.dmg- eernprip.'iii# ArchitT'ivt-s. Sasbes. Sills. Sk-fmg Boar-tt also Split- and Sawn Roof and Ceiling La.n«< Wirt-cut and other Nails. Speciality—Welsh Oak, Ash, and Elm, Shafts, Spokes, and Felloes, Shovel and Mattock Sticks, Ladders; Csrt Material cut to size Wheel block i turned and Gates and Barrows made tc order. EaiimsT.es given to s-yyly Buildings. OFFICES.—SLADE. FIslIGUARD. P. G. WILLIAMS Grocer, Fruit Babbit i.iid Egg Merchant, Station Road, LETTERSTON, Groceries and Fruit- of the B?ct Quality at lowest Pr c« 8. Delivered free by own Best prices given for Rabbits, Egs rtc. Cart will call at any addivas upon receipr 01 a Post Card. Sole Agent icr the Home Colonial wor.de*. ful Tea at Is. 6d. per JL. i rial oiuef 24 j li -¡)i XE2XX-XXX: OLD FRIENDS ARE TRUE FRIENDS. For close on Seventy years Holloway's famous household remedies have contributed to the health and com- fort of countless thousands. "Y s The PILLS cleanse the system of impurities, and cure all compikints i-nsing from Sluggish Liver and Kidneys; while the OINTMENT tnacric&liy he-Is Oid Sores and W oundi, dispel Rheumatism, and is irivaluabic toi Throat and Chest Troubles. OLD FRIENDS MAKE N -γ-I% s NEW FRIENDS

also germinate better in the light than in darkness. Some of the genuine or pure seeds separated in the purity tests are employed in the germi- nation trials, and it is most essential that those used should fairly represent the sample, proper proportions being taken of large, small and medium sized, light and dark coloured grains, of different stages of maturity. In the c.se of some grass seeds it is not an easy matter to at once distinguish between empty glumes and those containing grains, but this difficulty is surmounted by wetting the seeds and spreading them on a sheet of glass, which must be iielxl up to the light when the useful seed will appear opaque, and the chaff or empty glumes translucent. As it is always desirable io make durdicate trials two lots of 200 seeds of each leguminous species and three lots of 200 seeds of any grass should be tested. Since seeds soon become mouldy in a warm, most atmosphere, it is well to hasten the pro- cess of germination by soaking them in water tor from six to fifteen hours before placing them in the germinator. The following periods are those generally adopted for germinating tests:—10 days for clovers and most other seeds; 14 days for rye grasses and timothy; 21 days for all grasses, excepting meadow and rye grasses and timothy; 28 days for meadow grasses. After most tests of leguminous species a number cf hard-shelled seeds will be found remaining apparently fresh and unswollen, and though these are not reckoned when deter- mining the percentage of germination of the simple, they should be carefully counted since some proportion of them would germinate it allowed sufficent time. Perhaps the best and most simple apparatus for home testing is prepared by taking two plates in one of which is placed a folded flannel or other woollen cloth which is very damp without being soaked. The seeds are placed regularly between the folds, and the whole is then covered by inverting the other plate over it. Seeds may also be tested by placing them between the folds of damp flannel or blotting paper in a porous saucer standing in about half its height of water in a tin pan, which must be covered with a sheet of glass. Sum- cient moisture will soak through the porous saucer to supply pasture seeds. WILLIAM TOOGOOD, Southampton.