The Pembroke County Guardian and Cardigan Reporter

» Penillion Cydymdeimlad A'r Parch. J. Tegryn Phillips, Hebron, yn Ij wyncb ei ar.ffawd wrth arolygu arloesiad y Cwmyn, pertbynol i'w fferm.

J y anwyl frawd, Tegryn, Drwg geny' 'r trybyni Y n nglyn a'r fawr anffawd Wrth ddarnio y meini; Pan gawsoch eich clwyfo Gan nertbol ergydion Y damau yn sydyn, Ar gwmyn Caeraeron. meini yn gorwedd Fan yna mr oesoedd, Yn mhdl cyn y dilnw A chodiad teyrnasoetid Pall gnddiai'r ia trwchu9 Fynyridoedd a bryniau, Nf dyfod gwres grymus i'w doddi yn ffrydiau. YD wir, 'r oedd yn amser I'w synmd hwy bellach, Er mwyn gwneud y cwmya Yn lan a ffrwythlonach Yn dir i'w achlesu, Ei drin a'i wrteithio, I daln'n gynnyrchiol Trwy gael ei lafnrio. Y ceiyg a'r meini, Pe'o oil a alltudid A'r eithin tew frigog, Pe'r oil a ddiwreiddid: libyw lasdir o weirglodd A wnelai y cwmyn, Nes mawr ychwanegu At werth ystad Tegryn. O'i bori—y defaid A'r gwartheg ddoent dewion, A thorent en syched 0 ffrydlif YT Aeron Y parchus berchenog A wnai en hedniygu, A fEermwyr yr ardal I gyd wnaent ryfeddn. Ond, rhywfodd, afionydd Y teimlai'r ysprydion, O'r amser cyntefig- W rth weled arwyddion Y caent hwy ymadael O'n lloches yn ebrwydd, A'u gyru o'n cylchoedd A'u llwybrau cyfarwydd. Am hyny, fe ddichon, Llidiasant yn rhyfedd Nes drygu a chlwyfo Roff was y Tangnefedd Dihaugodd dan glwyfau, Fel Job ca'dd ei fywyd, 0 angeu disyfyd Yn wir fe i harbedwyd. En cyngrair, rwyn tybied, Ar foren dydd henlog, t, an nadroedd, madfeillod, A chwilod mileinog; A r dwmpath llyn cwmyn Hwy gadwent gynhadledd, 1 drefnu'u mesurau Er newid en hannedd, Adferiad tra chyflym Dymunaf i Tegryn, A llwydded ef eto At glii io y cwmyn A chaffed hir einioes I wella'i gyd-ddynion, gwneuthur mewn moesau A rhmwedd*yn ffrwythlon. 'MARCH, VambI. CLWYDWENFRO.~

AGKIC CULTURE. WELSH BLACK OA TLE. Mr. Thomas Winter, of Bangor, has an in- teresting article on the Welsh breed in "The Farmer and Stockbreeder" for March 19:- If we trace the history of British breeds of cattle we meet with the names of breed- ers who have effected great improvements in the cattle of their districts and to whom the present high position of most breeds is due The Welsh breed has never had its improvers, and for two centuries at least most of the best breeding stock has been allowed to leave Wales for the English pastures, to be fattened for the great markets. It is only within recent vears that any considerable num- her of Welsh agriculturists have paid special attention to catt e-breeding. Fortunately, Welsh cattle are so inherently good that after centuries of neglect they still have no supe- riors for all-round purposes in the British Isles. Youatt, writing of Welsh cattle in the early part of last century, snid Great Britain not afford a more use- ful animal They combine to a con- siderable degree, and as far perhaps as they can be combined, the two opposite qualities of being verv fair mi kers, with a propensity to fatten. The meat is generally beautifully marbled. It is equal to that of the Scotch marbled. It is equal to that of the Scotch cattle, and some epicures prefer it. They thrive in every situation. They will live where others starve, and they will rapidly outstrip most others when t.hey have plenty of good pasture Great numbers of them are brought to the London market. They stand their journey well and find a ready sale, for they rare.y disappoint the butcher, but, on the contrary, prove better than ap- pearance and touch indicate." Youatt's description holds good to-day. Sixce his time, however, Welsh cattle have improved both in appearance and in touch, though they still, to a certain extent, lack that symmetry of form which distinguishes some of our British breeds. In point of hardiness the Welsh Black cattle are equal to the Highland and Scotch. In some parts of Wales the bulk of the cattle remain out of doors all winter, and yet main- tain their condition in a remarkable way. They thrive in situations in which many other breeds could not exist. As butche.rs" cattle they have no superiors, if indeed they have any equals. They still furnish that marbled beef of which Youatt wrote and which is now so much sought after by those who can afford to pay the best prices. They also yield a high percentage of carcase in "proportion to live weight. The favour with which they are regarded by butchers is nowhere more readiiy shown than at the London Smithfield Show, where all the Welsh cattle are invariably sold on the first day of the show, whereas in the case of many other breeds the sales drag on until the end of the week. The carcase competitions at the Smithfield Show furnish a remarkable testi- monial as to the quality of Welsh beef. In these competitions there are three classes open to all breeds. The animals are first judged a.ive, and again when slaughtered. During the last five years Welsh Black cattle, in addition to minor prizes, have won six first prizes and one championship prize. These tigures are the more striking when it is re- membered that but few Welsh cattle-feeders send their stock to Smithfield. We are sometimes told that Welsh cattle are slow feeders. They may have been in the past, but at the present time they hold their place in the front rank of rapid fat- teners. The following figures, giving the daily gains in live weights of the prize- takers at the last Smithfield Show, clearly indicate that even when judged by the stand- ard of early maturity Wel-h cattle are quite equal to what are sometimes termed the leading beef breeds:— Steers, under two years old.—Five Herefords showed an average daily gain in live weight of 2.241b.; seven Shorthorns, 2.191b.; six Welsh, 2.02 b.; nine Aberdeen-Angus, 2.011b.; four Devons, 1.92lb. Steers, over two and under three years odd.— Five Shorthorns showed an average daily- gain in live weight of 1.951b.; five Herefords, 1.931b.; five Welsh, 1.791b.; five Aberdeen-An- gus, 1.701b.; five Devons, 1.651b. Heifers, not exceeding three years old.— Four Welsh showed an average daily gain in live weight of 1.34lb.: four Shorthorns, 1.711b.; three Herefords. 1.631b.; seven Aber- deen-Angus, 1.61b.; four Devons, 1.351b. Although good feeders in the stall, Welsh cattle are undoubtedly better adapted for grazing, and for many generations have fur- nished some of the principal grazing dis- tricts in England with the bulk of their store cattle. As most of the cattle which cross the Welsh border are sold for feeding, the dairy proper- ties of the breed are not so well known out- side Wales as they deserve to be. Leaving out of account such cows as the Jersey and Ayrshire, which are only valuable as dairy cattle, the Welsh cow can stand comparison with any of the other breeds as a producer of milk and butter. There are no milking trials in connection with Welsh shows, and as few Welsh cows find their way to the South of England, it is only on rare occasions that they are seen at the milking trials in the London district. That they do not fail to distinguish themselves when sent is shown by the fact that Duchess of Carnarvon, a Welsh cow, won a championship a few years ago in the milking trials at the London Dairy Show, and in August last a Welsh cow was awarded first prize in similar trials at the Tring Show in a class of twenty-eight com- petitors, nearly all of which were Jerseys. The only figures giving particulars of the dairy properties of a Welsh herd, which we have been able to procure are furnished by the University College of North Wales, Bangor. In the College herd of twenty-five cows, which may be regarded as of average capacity from the point of view of the dairy, the milk and butter sold from each cow for the last three years has produced on the average £20 per year. In addition to this, with one or two exceptions, all the cows have reared calves every year. In the words of Youatt, the Welsh cow is perhaps one of the best cottager's cows, while it is equally profitable to the large farmer." If, as appears likely, there is to be an in- creased demand for these cattle from abroad, Welsh breeders shou d look forward to the future with confidence.

» NORTH PEMBROKESHIRE FARMERS ClUo, SUPPORTS THE COUNTY PAPER. The Contagious Diseases Act. THE SHOW ARRANGEMENTS. A speciaJl general meeting of the North Pem- brokeshire Farmers' Club was held at the Commercial Hotel. Fishguard, on Thursday last, when the following members were pre- sent-Messrs. J. C. Yorke, J P. (chairman;, D. Harris Bowen, E. Perkins, Aid. Rowlands, Llewellyn Griffiths, Griffiths (Ffynondrudian), T. E. Thomas (Trehale), W. Reynolds, J. l, Bowen, Sidney Roberts, and the secretary, Mr. V. J. G. Johns. After the minutes were read and confirmed, it was decided to send a letter to the President of the Board of Agriculture petitioning him against the repeal of the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act. The secretary was instructed to write as follows:—To the Rt. Hon. Earl Carrington, President of the Board of Agricul- ture.—We, the undersigned, as representing and at the request of the North Pembroke- shire Agricultural Society, which consists of nearly a hundred members, beg to draw your at- tention to the danger which may happen to fanners, and thereby to the country in general, if the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act is amended or repealed as now proposed by'Parliament, and at a meeting of the mem- bers of our society, held at Fishguard on Thursday, March 29, 1906, the following re- so:ution was passed: "That the members, through their chairman and secretary, petition the President of the Board of Agriculture, urging him in the interests of the country, and especially of agriculturists, to prevent in every way possible the amendment or tn repeal of the said Act, as its removal migh lead to the entrance of diseases which might be the ruin not only of agriculturists, but also be the ruin in every way of the country at large." A letter was also .drafted out to be sent to Mr. J. Wynford Philipps, the County member, and read to similar effect, and also thanking him for the support he had already given to oppose the amendment or the repeal of the Act. Owing to the departure of Mr. Yorke, Mr. D. Harries Bowen was elected to the chair for the rest of the meeting. The Secretary said that he had written to ask Lord Kensington to become president of the society, and he had consented to do so. The vice-presidents had also consented to act. Mr. Perkins then brought up the question of retaining the third prizes in the different classes in the show. He proposed that the motion previously passed to do away wi them be rescinded. He suggested, however, that the first and second prizes could be reduced if necessary, and he would prefer this rather than do away with the third prizes altogether. He pointed out that the thi prize was usually the smaller farmers' prize. It was an encouragment to those exhibitors who had little chance of winning the larger prizes to know that they might possibly get the third prize. The motion was seconded and carried, an it was decided that instead of reducing the amount of the third prize in any of the classes, it wou d be left the same as usual. Some discussion ensued as to the luncheon arrangements for the next show, but it was finally agreed that Aid. Rowlands and Mr. J. C. Bowen should enquire into the matter, aid speak with the caterers, and to report the result to the committee. h^n the question of advertising came up uiscussion, Mr. E. Perkins said there wou u no ne:;d now to advertise in papers out- de the county, when they had their own oun'y paper. This would be unnecessary ince the "Guardian" was enlarged. It was oved and carried that the matter of adver- ting should be entrusted entirely in the hand of the secretary. A d. Rowlands: I think we should impress upon the secretary the fact that we now have a county paper in Pembrokeshire, and that we should do everything to support it. Attention was drawn by the secretary to the arrangements for the concert to be held in connection with the show, and he said that ir. Lewis, chemist, had promised his assist- ance in the matter, and that they could feel confident that the concert would be a suc- ess. Among other matters discussed was the ad- mission of motor-cars to the field on the day of the show. It was agreed that they should be charged the same as other carriages, or a ,hilling per wheel. When they approached the machinery department the secretary saiu hat he had been talking to the ironmonger of the district, who all appeared to be anxious for the success of the show, and were willing 10 support it every way they could. It hope that some subscriptions wouid corue from the manufacturers through the local iron mongers. It was moved and carried that a spaue. of 10 feet by 10 feet should be allotted to eich exhibitor, and that they could have ni(v space if wanted by making an extra payment of 10, but that local ironmongers should get more favourable terms. The following officials were next appointed to act on the field on show day and to belong to the Managing Committee:—Dr. O'Donnel Mr. W. R. Carver, Mr. J. M. Guild, Mr. Rey- nolds, and Mr. Poole (Barry Island). It was also decided to appoint a committee to re- vise the list of prizes and to select the judges. it was thought that members should beH. pointed to represent the different classes, and vith unanimous approval of those present the following list was drawn up:—To represent the cattle sections: Messrs. J. C. Yorke, J.P., W. Reynolds, and D. Harries (Llanreithan.) For the Shorthorn classes: Mr. D. Harries Bowen; carthorses, Messrs. W. C. Griffiths and D. H. Perkins; light horses, Messrs. T. L. Thomas, W. G. James, u. M. Harries (Tre- gwynt); sheep and pigs, Messrs. Llewellyn Griffiths and T. Lloyd Lewis. It was announced that at the next meeting of the society on Thursday, May 3rd, Mr. E. Perkins will read a paper on Manure." (For market reports see page live.)

• SHEEP BRANDING IN CARDIGAN- SHIRE. A BARBAROUS PRACTICE. In the King's Bench Division on Monday the case of Bowyer v. Morgan came before the Lord Chief Justice and Mr. Justice Darling and Mr. Justice Bray (sitting as a divisional court) on appeal from a decision of the jus- tices of Cardiganshire. The case raised a question as to the legality of branding sheep: upon the nose. The justices declined to c'mvict, and their lordships now dismissed the appeal. The prosecution was under the Cruelty to Animals' Act, the charge being one of un- lawfuly torturing a number of lambs by branding them on the nose with a hot iron. Tne appelant, Inspector Roberts, of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, visited respondent's farm, and saw the lambs wi permanent scars on their noses. The case for the respondent was that the process of branding was necessary for the purpose of identitication, there being large numbers oi sheep on the Welsh mountains belonging to different persons. The reply of the appellant was that the sheep could be pitched or ear- marked, but the respondent said the pitch marks were soon eradicated by the growth of wool, while the ear-marks were quite as cruel as branding. Mr. Abel Thomas, K.C., and Mr. Arne ap- peared for defendants, and Mr. Horace Avory, K.C., and Mr. Lloyd Morgan for respondents. The Lord Chief Justice, after hearing the arguments, said he came to the conclusion that the appeal must be dismissed wn costs. He came to the decision with great reluctance, but the justices had correctly applied the law and decided upon a question of fact. If he had had to judge the case he should not have found that it was neces- sary to brand the sheep, but, the justices having found so, the decision could not be upset. Mr. Justice Darling, in intimating his con- currence, referred to the old rhyme: The mountain sheep were leaner, the valley sheep were fatter; We, therefore, thought it wiser to carry off the latter." (Laughter.) Mr. Justice Bray also concurred, and the apeal was dismissed with costs.

North Cardiganshire Cob Im- provement Society. The annual show of the North Cardigan- shire Cob Improvement Society was held at Aberystwyth on Monday. The first prize of £ 25 was won by Mr. David Evans, Lhvyncad- no, with "Lord Gordon"; the second prize by Mr. T. Davies, Pantybendy, Llangeitho, with Thornthorpe Count"; and the third prize by Mr. Powell, Tregaron, with Tre- garon Horace.' Mr. R. Williams, Duffryn, Merioneth, was the judge.

+ SOLVA WANTS NOTHING BETTER. When Haverfordwest people told, through the public press, how they had been cured of serious kidney disorders by Doan's back- ache kidney pills, Solva was satisfied, for we look upon Haverfordwest people as our neigh- bours, and their word is good proof. But how far more satisfying is the roof given to-day! For those who were cured many months ago say how well they have kept ever since. A Haverfordwest case is given here:— Mrs. P. Davies is a native of Haverford- west, living at 22, Barn Street. She is well- known and highly respected. In December of 1901 I told you about the good Doan's back- ache kidney pills had done me," saysMrs. Davies. Since that time nearly 18 months have passed, vet I gladily confirm my cure, and am as sure as ever that Doan's backache kidney pills can be fu ly relied upon for cui- ing kidney troubles. Indeed, my health since using the medicine has been quite different from what it was before, for I have been far better, and I look .upon the good Doan's pills did me as lasting good. "Before I used these pills I suffered a long time from kidney complaint, the worst trouble being the dreadful pains in my back and around my loins; they made it hard for me to get about. I also suffered with my hea, and my nervous system was upset. I tried many different medicines, but the only one which helped me was Doan's backache kidney pills. My husband obtained these for me, and even a few doses gave me great relief. I continued with the medicine, and very soon it drove away the pains, and strengthened my back. I can highly recommend these splen- did pills to all who suffer from kidney coni- PlIfnvou are iU, write and fully describe your case to us. We shall be pleased to give you the best advice in our power, free of charge. You can depend upon your letter being treated in strictest confidence. Doans backache kidney pi Is are two shillings and ninepence per box (six boxes for thirteen shillings and ninepence). Of all chemists and stores, or post free, on receipt of price, direct from Foster-McClellan Co., 8, "ells St re at, London, W.

• Birds that Pass in the Night. 7,000 FEET HIGH. Birds that pass in the night have been ob- served by careful ornithologists for some years past with telescopes, because it was found that by turning a telescope on to the moon's disc and counting the numbers of birds that flitted across the line of sight valuable statis- tics could be obtained of bird migration. This method of counting birds that shoot the moon" has suggested another one for measur- ing the height at which they fly, and Dr. F. W. Carpenter and Mr. J. Stebbins have used this astronomical method of estimating the parallax of birds with great success. The greatest care was taken. A base line w fixed, and the two observers at either end of it each set up a small equatorial telescope of four and three inches aperture. The first telescope was fixed; the second was on a movable tripod giving the choice of any direc- tion or length of base line. The eye-piece of each instrument gave a power of about twenty-five, and the field of view included all the moon's disc. Four cross hairs marked out the field of sight, and when a bird was seen by each observer crossing the moon its path was charted by estimation from Ii ferent cross hairs. It will be seen from the foregoing brief details that the greatest ac- curacy was needed to make observations of any use or indeed to make corresponding observa- tions at all. The length of the base line or distance between the two telescopes was ten feet, and very nice mathematical calcu- lations had to be made to reduce the observa- tions to feet of distance. The heights or birds thus obtained varied usualy in the days in spring when they were mearv.red from 1,200 feet to 1,400 feet, in October from L i feet to 5,400 feet. The greatest height mea- sured of any bird was 7,100 feet in The spring, 7,700 feet in October. Several hundreds of birds will sometimes pass the moon's disc in a few hours. It will be observed that heights at which they fly are mucb greater than has generally been assumed.

RURAL LIFE. BY A SON OF THE SOIL. THE SCIHPPERKE DOG. The little Dutch dog the Schipperke, which is 10 great a favourite with the bargee of his native Holland, has become very popular in Eng- land since he was introduced to the notice of home fanciers barely twenty years ago. I can well remember, the sensation caused by the ap- pearance of the first Schipperke at an English show, Mr. W. R. Temple. I believe, being his owner, and he was quickly followed, Mr. G. R. Krehl and Mr. Woodiwiss having much to do with the importation of other good "Ships." It was the latter who brought out that wonderful dog Shtoots which won so many prizes in E,,r. land and also in America, and although really good Schipperkes are common enough nowa- days I do not think that one of the present-day champions approaches Shtoots in all-round quality. The sketch gives a good idea of the aopearance of the Schipperke; he is a tailless. alert little dog. foxy in head and expression, and of a restless disposition. A marked characteristic is that he always appears to be on the look-out SCIIIPPEBKES. for something, a habit, no doubt, descending to him from his ancestor.; who were kept on the barges as water dogs. To this day, indeed. the Schipperke can be seen on the Dutch boats which ply on the canals of Holland. A quaint, lovable httie dog, a trusty companion, and a par- tl,ClVurly u nP4. dog, it cannot be wondered at that the Ship" has earned great popularity. LY. DECOMPOSITION OF MANUEE. The decomposition of manure depends largely upon the amount of moisture in the heap. When manure is dry the chemical changes occur slowly, but more rapidly when the heap is wet. When manure is mixed with a liberal supply of absorb- ent materials, and stored under shelter, it will undergo but little change, but when wanted for use it may be decomposed in a short time if satu- rated with urine. If the bedding used in the stalls is cut fine, it will serve the purpose desired fully as well as when uncut, but the main advan- tage is that the fine material may be more inti- mately mixed with manure, and will then better absorb the liquids, to say nothing of the easier handling. loading, and distribution of the manure on the fields when the season arrives for spread ing it. Much cf the value of manure is lost by mismanagement. The quantity of manure mad i by a cow in one year is very large, especially if all the liquids and solids are saved. With the use of litter it is claimed that a cow will make r. ton of manure a month, but this estimate in eludes the absorbent materials of the litter, which serve to prevent loss rather than to add anything of value to the manure. A HANDY PACKAGE FOR FRIIT OR VEGETABLES. During the fruit season I very often have in- quiries for packages which can be used for either sending produce to market or for storage purposes, and I have pleasure in drawing atten- tion to a package which is recommended in the Market GariJenrr. a paper from which I have had many good hints during the last few years. The device has been introduced by the Spanish orange shippers only this season in connection with their best selected fruit. It is a neat bamboo device into which these senders are packing a dozen oranges, neatly papered, the whole forming a compact package fitting well 1. NEAT PACKAGE FOR FRUIT A VEGETABLE3. into the 420 orange case The device is made up of pieces of bamboo, probably waste cuttings, and a tie of bass, simply plaited as a binding, and made also to form the handle, so that the retailer can dispose of a dozen oranges straight I away, package combined. This is the sort of thing that is calculated to push the sale of fruit, and the example set by the Spanish senders can- not be too promptly followed at home. The par- ticular device hit upon for these oranges can safely be recommended for apples and some other best home-grown fruits. The package should be of peculiar interest to the retailor, who will doubtless know how to use it to the best.advantage for pushing his goods. LIMEW ASH FOR WOODWORK. To make a good liirjewash, slake half a bushel of quicklime in boiling water, covering the re- ceptacle during the process to keep in the steam. When quite slaked, dissolve it in water and adr] lib. of common salt and 21b. of sulphate of zinc (which will cause the limewash to harden on the woodwork). The ingredients should be well stirred together and allowed to stand for a few days protected from dirt. Apply the stuff with an ordinary whitewash brush, having previously cleansed all places on which it is to be put. Some authorities advise the addition of carbolic acid, but this is not necessary, unless it is the aim to disinfect fowlhouses where there has been disease, in which case it is preferable to wash the inside walls, ceiling, and perches with warm water and carbolic soap, or any good disinfectant soap prior to applying the lime. For hen coops and houses we do not know of anything better than limewash for internal use. POPPIES. Poppies of even the common varieties are among the most brilliantly-coloured garden flowers, and are invaluable for border decoration and useful for cutting. The Shirleys—named after the Rev. W. Wilks, who is the Vicar of Shirley, near Croydon-and the Ranunculus are RANUNCULUS POP,PIES. I especially fine. each kind containing an almost endless variety of colour, many of them being beautifully striped and edged with white. The arruals are all hardy, and seed shouid be sown early in April, in the open border where they aro to flower. The perenniltls may be sown from May to August. A feature of the Poppies which should not be overlooked is that if cut and placed in water as the flowers are just opening they will remain in full beauty for a long time. THE FRENCH AND THEIR POULTRY. The French are not behind ourselves in organisation for the promotion of a progressive movement in relation to the production of poul- try and eggs. Another syndicate has just been formed in that country chiefly composed of mer- chants and exporters of tho eggs and poultry produced in West Central France. The objects are: (1) The encouragement of the producer and the improvati-ent cf the laying properties of fowls in ,rder to obtain eggs of first quality and sko. (2) To demonstrate to the producer that it is to his interest to provide eggs and poultry of the very best typo and such as will reaHse in the open market the very best prices. (3) To obtain such concessions as will enable those con- cerned to trausport eggs and poultry leaving i': ■ for the suburbs to be relieved of the duties ,1, ,{>•!> >• present charged. (4) To obtain the complete suppression, so far as Paris is con- cerned. of the octroi duties on eggs, the egg r beiti: regarded as a food of the primest neces- sity. (5) To obtain from the railway companies modifications in their charges for conveyance, the. charges being much too high when com- pared with the tariffs charged for conveyance be- tween different countries. GLADIOLI FOR MARKET. These flowers are popular as cut spikes in al- most every market town, and those who have not ::ot their first batch into the ground should do so ivt once. The plant do,A best in a soil that is both r.' and friable, and where these condi- tions do ut. "xist it is better to plant in trenches cut with the Apade at a distance apart of 18in. to 2ft.. and just the width of the spade. If these are cut to a uniform depth of 6in., and then have some light rich soils put along the bottoms, and the er.ri.-is put along each side of the trench at frol.; to 12in. apart on each side, plant- ing in order, covering the corms either with the pr"pared soil or with some of the best from the thered surface, the spikes of bloom will be "r and finer and the new corm larger than they would be if planted in unfavourable soil direct Such varieties as Sanderii mav be planted more closely both in the row andflODJ row to row, or they may be planted at 8in. apart i i 4ft. beds with 14in. alleys between. Childsii. Brenchlevensis, and the magnificent Gandavensis hybrids must have the most room, and plantings should be successional. so that all the flowers do not come in at one time. In cutting these spikes for market care shedd be taken to do this when only two or three blooms are expanded. The salesmen can then keep them a day or two if sales are slow. PRICKING OFF TOMATOES. Many growers who go in for Tomatoes in the open air have to deal with soils that are loose and gritty, and the seedlings are boxed for f.nal growth until transference to the open air (on account of the running soil); when these pinnts are taken out of the boxes much of the soil falls away from the roots, causing sometimes the loss of the plants altogether. In such cases where good fibrous turf is obtainable, this may be cut to a thickness of 2in. and be turned grass side downwards in boxes or frames having just 0 small dusting of sandy soil spread over them. The seedlings can then be pricked out in the usual way at from 4in. to 6in. apart, and when wanted for planting out a sharp tool can be passed midway between the plants in all direc- t'ons through the soil and turf and the plants be lifted with their roots in the squares and so be transferred to the open ground without distur- bance, or at least any disturbance that will harm them. If the plants are Sin. or 6in. high the turf with the roots can be buried in the soil for Tin. or so. In all cases where this plan is adopted the utmost care must be exercised that the plants are not allowed to get drawn and soft, and in planting out, a pinch of soot close up to the stem will help to keep insect pests away. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. N. B. (FAIINHAM). -Write to Randolph Meech. Hamworthy. Poole, Dorset; the cutters range from 25s. to 50s. All correspondence affecting this column should be addressed to "A Son of the Soil," care of the Editor of this journal.

• German Education. Whether the paternal care and forethought which Germany bestows on the education a' welfare of her children is productive of the best results is a question to which there has been a tendency of late to give at least two answers. Mr. Haldane, for example, re- marked a short time ago that the Germans were casting a not inappreciative eye on the confidence and self-dependence fostered by the English pub ic school system. Sir William Pieece has added that the German boy is over- educated in the technical sense: and he is not the only English engineer of that opinion. We merely chronicle this phase of opinion and point out on the other hand that Germany doss not seem disposed to relax her efforts or alter her educational methods in any way. Last year there were in Germany 19 trade or technical schools giving instructions in ma- chine building and other productions of the [netal working industries to 3,055 scholars. Architecture and the building trades had 32 ¡;hoo attended by 5,039 scholars; art trades and various high-class crafts 26 schools and academies attended by 3,061 students. Five of the last-named schools were State institu- tions and the other 21 received subventions from the Government. These schools had evening and Sunday classes, which were at- tended by 12,252 students, in addition to the number of full-course day scholars given. But paternal Germany has also an eye to the physical well-being of her offspring. The forest schools" mentioned in Wednesday's Morning Post are one indication. Another equal y serviceable is noticeable in the care given to the teetli of the children. In Stras- burg, where last year there were 6,828 school children treated, 7,065 teeth filled, and 7,1 teeth extracted, all children from the age of three are examined.

Nearly 3,000,000 children in 30,000 schools all over the British Empire will take part in the celebration of Empire Day on May 24. The German Emperor, it is reported from Berlin, is about to purchase a castle at George- horn, on the Rhine, from its owner, Baron von Krauskopf, for £ 250,000. Mr. Winston Churchill has announced that unless the next mortality returns show a marked improvement recruiting from British Central Africa for the Transvaal mines must cease. Lord Roberts was the guest of the Liverpool Corporation, and lunched at the town hall, afterwards visiting the northern military tour- nament. Three motor-omnibuses have been purchased by the Manchester Tramway Committee for ex- perimental purposes, with a view to a large number being shortly placed on the streets. In order to prevent the marriage of Mrs. Henry B. Cox, a millionaire Philadelphia lady, to an English doctor, her two brothers and son have declared she is of weak intellect and ob- tained the control of her estate.

You must get X &Lt I the A 0 i|p Blood is the Life! It is the Strength. It is Everything. Everybody, yourself included, is liable to a long list of Diseases. WHY ? Because our impure air, impure water, impure food, impure surround- ngs generate impurities in the BLOOD. When the Blood is vitiated, RASH, PIMPLES SORES, BOILS, SCURVY, ECZEMA, IRRITATIONS, ITCHINGS BAD LEGS, CANCER, KING'S EVIL, RHEUMATISM, NEURALGIA, SCIATICA, and a host of other mental and physical evils become possible. Most of the ailments we sufler from can be prevented by keeping the BLOOD PURE I The evidence of thousands is forthcoming to prove that HUGHES'S Blood PILLS Purify the Blood, and KEEP IT PURE. you suffer from HEADACHE, INDIGESTION, BACKACHE, BILIOUSNESS, WIND, DESPONDENCY, CONSTIPATION, PILES, BAD LIVER, WEAK NERVES STOMACH, KIDNEY, and NERVE TROUBLES, Remember that the ROOT of the mischief is in the Blood. You must get at the Blood before you do real good. HUGHES'S BLOOD PILLS have an immedi ate action upon the Blood and the whole system. TRY THEM. LOOK NONE FOR THIS GENUINE TRADE WITHOUT ON EACH Box. They" are sold by all Chemists and Stores at Is. ltd., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., or send value in stamp' or P.O. to maker, JACOB HUGHES, M.P.S., L.D.S., Manufacturing Chemist, PJENARTH, Cardiff. B I A M O L IS THE BEST RBMBOY YBT DISCOVERED FOR Indigestion 9 Heartburn. Flatulence. Liver and Kidney Disorders. -0- PREPARED ONLY BY H. A. WILLIAMS, CIIEMIST, LETTERSTON i All Goods Advertised on this Page are Sold by the following: T. LEWIS, FISHGUARD. A. DAVID, ST. DAVID'S. f. MEYLER, FISHGUARD. D. L. LLEWELLIN, GOODWICK. T. M. PHILLIPS, H'WEST. T. D. MEYLER, MILFORD HAVEN G. H. APPLEBY, NEW MILFORD. H. A. WILLIAMS, LETTERSTON. G. H. LLOYD, SOLVA. Veterinary Specific j FOR HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, &o The above Remedy is so effective in such a number of diseases, that it may be considered A MEDICINE CHEST IN ITSELF. It is specially recommended to Farmers as a most valuable Remedy in COLIC, SCOUR, &0. And unlike otter remedies for Colic, it does not prove an irritant if Inflammation or Fever is present. ALBERT DAVID, Saint David's. A SAFE AND PERMANENT REMEDY FOR ALL SKIN AND BLOOD DISEASES. IF YOU SUFFER FROM ANY DISEASE due to an impure state of thfj t Blood, you should test the value of Clarke's Blood Mixture, the worM-famed Jt Blood Puritier and Restorer. It is warranted to cleanse the from all impurities, frum whatever cattse arixivg. For Eczema, Scrofula, 8curv*. Bad Legs, Abscesses. Blood Poison, Glandular Swellings. Rheumatism Gout. Elotches, Spots, Blackheads, Pimples, and Sores of all kinds it is a Safe and Permanent Remedy. The Krtltor of the" rAMtLY DOCTOR" Sava.- We have seen hosts of letters bearbjar testimony tn the truly woiirlorfiil rurna effected by Clarke's Blood Mixture. It is the finest Blood Purifier that Soi«*iiC« and Medical Skill have brought to light, and we can with the utmost contidence | recommend it to our subscribers and the public generally." IClARf^BLOODMsXIIiij !JKJL THE WORLD-FAMEO BLOOD PURIFIER, t t Can be obtained of all Chemists and Stores, 2/9 per Bottle. I BEWARE OF WORTHLESS IMITATIONS. J B A BY '5 IllMWr 111 lllllll M f fled [ ruB ifMirr*i'Tfiwrsffi F&nless,, GUMS IfflMefg" 4*1 ARJ] leeftung H WITH MAttkjJKP NoPoiscm It is very agreeable to the taste Prevents inflammation and Convulsions. No Narcotics Price Is. 1 d. Made only by 2 BARCLAY & SONS, Ltd., 95 Farringdon Street, London, And Sold by All Chemists. COUGHS AND COLDS Pulmonic Linctus cures coughs. Pulmonic Linctus warms the chest. Pulmonic Linctus stops the tickling. Pulmonic Linctus aids the breathing. Pulmonic Linctus cuts the phlegm. Pulmonic Linctus restores the voice. Pulmonic Linctus soothes the throat. Pulmonic Linctus relieves asthma. Pulmonic Linctus relieves bronchitis. Pulmonic Linctus relieves after one dose. Pulmonic Linctus cures when others fail. Pulmonic Linctus has cured others. Pulmonic Linctus will cure you. Pulmonic Linctus is obtainable only from- THOMAS MEYLER, Chemist, Fishguard. Sent anywhere post paid on receipt of stamps. One size and one price—One shilling. jy6 f^Lhave used your Balsam for my chi'dren^U^I great success; and have known your valuahle H Remedy for more than THIRTY YEARS. H School House, East MarkILam, Newark. i Mr. J. H. Hall, Jan., 1902. I FOR 35 YEARS AY M AN'S HAS [H- BALSAM I CURED Sold everywhere, 9feLf Is., 2s. lei. U COUGH" COLD. Mr. W. H. Shaw, Sept., 1902. 72, Ashbourne Road, Liverpool. We always have a bottle in the nouse, having proved its efficacy times without number. UNSOLICITED. (ORIGINAL OPEN FOR INSPECTION). 215, Oxford-street, Pontycymmer, Dec. 16th, 1905. Dear Sir,-Please send me a pot of your No. 2 Ointment. I have a great faith in it. If you look back I have had your valuable oint- ment since Nov. 27, 1903, to pat on my breast. It has done wonders on me. My breast has come all right by now. It did ache for a long time after I had the water out of it. I use to have pain right round my left side up to my shoulder effected Irotn my breast. My leftside was going cold full of shivers. But thank you very much for your valuable ointment. I feel quite well now, and my breast is quite supple. You can use these words as truth. Now I am going to try this ointment on the side of my son. He is suffering this few months, growing too fast I think, he is only 16 and 4 months. He complains of his side, and I think there is a little swelling there so I want to try a pot of No 2. If you got something better I am willing to try it, and I am sending 2s 9d for game. Yours faithfully, MRS JEREMIAH MORGAN. The relative strengths of the Mannina Oint- ment (Trade Mark) are described and known as follows:—No. 1, full; No. 2, medium; No. 3, mild. No. 1, the most powerful variety, is to be used in Cancerous growths of all kinds, such as cancer of the breast, lip, etc., and also for Tumors, etc., at 2s 9d, 4s 6d, and 8s 6d per pot. No. 2. This is a milder form than No. 1, and is to be applied in cases of Ulcerated Legs, Carbuncles, Fistula, foul wounds of every de- scription, Poisoned Hands, etc., Abscesses, Scalds, Burns, Erysipelas, Scurvy, etc., at Is l d, 2s 9d, and 4s 6d per pot. No. 3, being of a still milder nature than No. 2, is to be ased for all skin diseases, such as Eczema, Psoriasis, Ringworm, Chapped and Bleeding Hands, Chilblains, Itch, Mange, etc., at Is lid, 2s 9d, and 4s 6d per pot. SCHEDULE OF CURES. Cancerous growths in the Breast, Bleeding Cancer in the Neck, Ulcerated and Virulent on Leg, Poisoned Hand, Eczema from Birth, Abscesses after Vaccination, Rodent Ulcers on Hands, Blood Poison on Foot, Ulcerated Sores and Eczema, Virulent Abscess on leg, Blood Poison in Hand, Foul Wound on Leg, &c. The Ointnient may be obtained from the I Man- nina Ointment Co., Main Street, Fishguard, or from Mr. TboB. Lewie, chemist, Fishguard F. D. PhillirB, Haverfordwest; H. A. Williams, LeUerston Albert David, St. David's:*J. WiliatDg, Ilawrort, Pem.: T. Meyler, chemist, Firhguard; and D. Llewellyn, chemist, Goodwick, &c. Chapped Hands, Chilblains, rough or chafed skin, can be easily remedied and the irritation promptly relieved by applying at bed-time CALVERT'S Carbolic Ointment. It assists, nature to effect a quick cure, not only by its healing, but also its antiseptic value—keeping the broken skin in a healthy state. A reliable household remedy for cute, burns. bruises, scalds, piles and most skin ailments. Sold in jars or tillS, 13d. each, by Chemists. Made by F. C. CALVERT & Co., Manchester. HAVE YOU TRIED GOMERS BALM? It is a Salve for every wound, with marvellous properties in curing and healing all kinds of Sores. Skin Rash, Eczema, Burns, Scalds, Scurvy, Gal. lings in Children and Women, Piles, Scabby Heads, Chaps, Ringworm, Stiff Joints, Irritations and Inflammations of all kinds. Noted for 1ST BAD LEGS. TRY IT. Sold by all! Chemists and Stores at Is. lid., or send value in stamps or'P.O. to maker JACOB HUGHES, M.P.S., L.D.S., PENARTH Cardiff. Ask for GOMER'S BALM," and see that the nam Jacob Hughes "is on each box, without hich none is genuine. Cnpiss' Constitution Balk. TKBTIMONULB. HORSES. For Grease, Swelled Legs, Winston Hall, Cracked Heels, Coughs Stonham. Colds, Sore Throats, ™ Disordered Liver, Broken Ihey are the best Wind inflaenza LO8b remedy for Grease and Appetite & &c. Swelled Legs in Horses. CATTLE. WILLIAM LONG. For Hide-bound, Staring —— Coat, Hove or Blown Sutton Farm, Distemper, Epidemic, Burl Boyton. feit, Condtioning, Pre- T, serving Health, Scouring 1 had a weakly Year- in Cal £ &c. ling, troubled with Scouring. I gave one 8KEEP. Ball at two different For Rot QJ. {or tunes, and the result fceepinK Health) AaaiBt. was a perfect core. ing to get into Condition, S. Coiay. f:.ouring in Lambs, &c. Prepared upwards of 50 years by the late FRANCIS CUPISS, M.R.C.V.s., DISS, NORFOLK Sold in packets Is 9d and 3s 6d each, 7 small packets 108 6d, or 7 large 21s., by Chemists and Medi cine Vendors, or from Proprietor, TBIt WILDKBNBMI DIss. on receipt of amount. Advertise in the Guardian."