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DEVELOPMENT OF COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

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DEVELOPMENT OF COTTAGE INDUSTRIES I FOR VILLAGE WORKERS- I AN OPPORTUNITY AFFORDED BY THE WAR. I (Second Article.) I (The OO¡wtry people in Germany, Au,tria, I and Hungary occupy their FNTE time with, pto- fitable hobbies. They make in their own homes all manner of wooden and stuffe-d toys, fancy leather goods, fretwork, bent iron work, ham- mered metal goods, Avood-carving, lace, em- broidery, neework, etc., and no less than £ 10,000.000 worth of the goods thus made arc annually imported into this country- It is desired to develop this profitable spare time occupation in our own villages, and the Avar, by preventing the importation and hampering the production of the Continental Avorkere affords an unrivalled opportunity for our country folk to add to the interest of their olives and to increase their incomes in this Fay. All who may desire to assist in this admirable effort to improve rural life should communicate with the Secretary of the Rural League, Strand, London, W.C.) The views of Mr Jesse Ceilings on any sub- ject affecting tho welfare of the rural community are of especial interest. This veteran statesman has contributed an instructive preface to a valu- able book on "Village Industries," wriitteii by Mr J. L. Green, and published by the Rur-JJ League. In the course of his introduction to Mr Green's ha.ndbook on this subject, Mr Co!lings deals m- formatively with the "Home Craft," of the Con- tinental country folk, .a6 he himself lias seen it .n profitable operation, and emphasises the fact that already encouraging progress hae been made with similar work in this country. I On the Continent. I Visiting tho rural distrk-te of Germany and Austria—and especially in the Austrian Tyrol— Mr CoiliiigB was greatly impressed by tho man- ner in which the great majority of tho rural in- habitants were occupied in their homes during their leisure hours with handicrafts of various kinds of which they made pleasant and profitable "hobbies," showing considerable artietio skill and inventivo resource in the manufacture of the ar- ticles which they produced. But there is no rea- son why a similar state of affairs should not pre- vail among our own rua-al oommunitiee. I Could be Made at Home. I As Mr Coilings observes, "we import, chiefly from Germany and Austria, toys, wood-carving, embroidery, metal and leather work, baskets and other articles to the value of many millions sterling, the whole of which could readily be made in our own country and in the workers' homes. This is ehown by the fact that, in several localities, small societies of workers have been al- ready formed under the auspices of ladies who are interested in the movement, tho work pro- dtic-ect being moat satisfactory and encouraging." The development of "Homo OraJts" offers great opportunities to women of all classes, and in the course of a later article the excellent work that is already being done by women iiivarimis parts of the Kingdom will be dealt with. Ln every district in which tltis work may be taken up it-B.succleas is almost entirely dependent upon the interest, initiative, and energy of tho local orga,niser, and those who may become associated with ihim or her in the taek of endeavouring to make brighter and more profitable life in our country districts. British Home-Workers' "Skill, Dexterity I and Taste." Describing samples of articles made by men, women, and children in different British villages whcch 'he has secu. Mr Jesee Colli,n,g declares that "they show remarkable skill, dexterity, and taste on the part of the workers, who only need to bo organised to secure the object in viciv-a com- mercial market for their output. lie finds the articles which are being made 1U such districts as are already associated with this work are at least equal in every way to those whidl we jmport and can be produced as cheap-, ly, affording interesting occupation during tho later autumn months, and tho long nights of Win- ter, when cultivation of the land is practically at a standstill. By the dcA'elopment of Home Crafts" or "Village Industries' the labouring population will be ginn an opportunity "to en- gage themselves on work which, as they have already shown, is agreeable to them, and by Jt, not; only would their income and their condition. be improved, but at tho eanio time, tho general cause of agriculture will be benefitted by larger number of persons being given an attractive and profitable inducement to remain in close associa- tion with the land. Mr Coiling.s agrees "that tho present is an opportune time to make a ecrioua and general movement" in the direction of de- vo!opin>o- "Village Industries." The Rural League's Plans. I Dealing with the part taken in this movement by tho Rural League Mr Coilings states;— "The committee of the Rural League propose to have asiiowroom in Loudon containing samples of the goods made in tho different villages, which the wholesale traders could in- spect and afterwards, it is hoped, sell. It is not intended that the League should be in any sense traders for profit; they will form a med- ium betwoeii the village producers on tiho one hand and the urban trad ere on tho other, and much encouragement to undertake the t-asok has already been received. The initial outlay of providing showroom samples, etc., would be consid era ble, but after that it is confidently an- ticipated that the movement will be self-sup- porting. To defray these iirst expenses tho Government might bo fairly asked for a grant from the Development Fund. Section I. of the Development Act of 1909 authorises the Com- missionersto make grants for undertaking.?, "calculated to promote the economic develop- ment of the United Kingdom." Tho under- taking in question seems clearly to come within that description. Appeals also for support should, I think, bo made to the general public for the same purpose, an no doubt they wouid receive a willing response." Act Now I I The final chapter of the book on "Village In- dustries," by Mr J. L. Green, tto which reference ba.3 already been made contains some pertinent comments oil this important subject which may be recommended to the consideration of our read- ers. Mr Green pointy out that in vi-ew of the economic, position both of the agricultural labour- crs in this country, and of iiiany otlwra ii-ho arc little removed from the labourer clasfs in the vil- lages of Great Britain, and remembering the ex- cellent results which have followed tho establish- ment of domestic industries elsewhere, and the manner in which this question is bound up with the agricultural and rural problem, "tho Govern- ment, in the interests of our villagers, ought "Jot to let this matter slide." The present time is particularly valuable for action as Germany will be crippled for some time in her productive, power, and we ought to obtain t.ho trade from her and otheri in these goods whidh otherwise will go elsewere. I Leaders Wanted The labourers for want of capital cannot etairt I these industries for themselves, and even if they could do, tho need, for capital and instruction would remain together witih tho nj?ces>ity for or- ganising'tho marketing of their goodc. It 1"ù- mains tor patriotic people who realise the im- portance of a thriving rui-al community to tho Life of thünation to give the "lead"' that is iie- eossary in this, as in all other matters affecting tho common weal, and we think with Mr Green that there must be many people of the better-to- dQ: order in thi., eoantry who would be omiy too glad to assist in this matter. Mr Green points out that, "The movement is one which need not and ought not to involve them in t-he slightest pecuniary embarrassment, but it would give them work to do and an altogether new interest in life, especially in their own localities. As to the amount of the work, this would be ne-it-lier great nor irksome and would be mostly performed by a local secretary or committee in each pa-riisJi, and at times convenient to themselves. The chief work would be th-at of the inarmgcr in tho Metro- polis amt-i iiie Executive Committee cont-roiling him; which committee might be partly ejected from the affiliated parishes, and partly nominated by the Government, tho laAt only s) long as funds emanated from that sou roe.

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