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i NOTES ON NEWS.

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NOTES ON NEWS. Some idea of the part which friendly societies play in the lives the people may be gathered from the figures of the Hearts of Oak Benefit Society for last year, and this is the work of only one society out of the many which are the proud ooast of the country. During the year the society received 2,003,988 communications, more than one-fifth contain- ing money or postal orders, at headquarters, where it has now its own post and money order office. The highest number received in one day was 12,044, and the daily average was 5,208. Nearly one million and a half postal or money orders were issued or paid, making over 2,000,000 since the opening of the office in July, 1905. At the close of the ,year there were 289,614 members on the roll, the average per week of those ell sick pay being 6,848, against 7,720 in the preceding id -year. In funeral allowances £60,588 was paid out, and 29,546 claims on account of lyings-in were received, involving a total expenditure of £ 44,/21. That the society is in a pros- perous state is evident from the fact that the total reserve fund at the end of the financial year stood at £ 3,3SG,246, as against £3,:230,072 in 1905, £ 147,268 having been added during the twelve months. Great preparations are in progress for the opening ceremony of the Irish International Exhibition on May 4, at which the Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland will preside. His Excellency will be accompanied by the Countess of Aber- deen, and the proceedings will be of a full -State character, as at the opening of the Dar- gan Exhibition in 1853, The Knights of St. Patrick will be invited, also representatives of all public bodies, learned professions, etc. At the request of the Marquess of Ormonde, the president of the exhibition, the King has "been pleased to lend Lady Butler's most famous picture, the"" R-oIl Call," for inclusion in the collection of paintings in the fine art section. Several of the art treasures in Lismore Castle are being sent by the Duke of Devon- shire for the exhibition. Amongst them are the Book of Lismore and the Crozier of Lismore," both relics of the diocese, one of the most ancient in the United Kingdom. These relics were discovered about eighty years ago, hidden in a built-up doorway in the Castle. Many relics of the old Parliament House in Dublin will be on view. Lord Massa- reene is giving the Speaker's Chair and Mace, Lord Leitrim is lending the prayer-book of the House of Commons, and Lord Iveagh is send- ing some of the seats. Lord Grenfell is con- tributing some Napoleonic relics, and pic- tures are being lent by Lord Waterford, the Dowager Lady Dufferin, Lord Fingall, and Lord Drogheda. Children of the present day ought to be taught the value of proper food and clothing, cleanliness, fresh air, and some few details connected with mfectious disease. So says the medical officer for Tottenham in his annual re- port, in which he makes a strong appeal to the authorities. He endeavours to do this in Tottenham schools, and he trusts that in time there will not be a single teacher in the country who will not have a thorough know- ledge of elementary hygiene, and hold a cer- tificate therein. When health habits are thus continually and practically, as well as theo- retically, inculcated at school, their influence will soon come to be felt, even in the poorest homes. Working men will understand the danger of dirty food, beds, floors, walls, ceil- ings, and yards, the necessity for ventilation and for the frequent flushing of drains and scullery traps, and for preventing the aceumu- lation of all kinds of refuse and rubbish upon the premises. Though 35,918 persons, or 4,746 more than in 1905, left Ireland last year, the figure is below the quinquennial average. Natives of the country numbered 35,344, or 4,668 more than in the previous year, this representing 8.1 per 1,000 of the-estimated population. Of the total number 19,643 were males, and 16,275 females, and of the former 17,825 were described as labourers, 14,533 of the females being servants. The bulk of the Irish-born —31,279—left for the Colonies or foreign countries, the remainder—4,065 proceeding to Great Britain. The great majority—27,079 —of the total number went to the United States and while this shows an increase of 2,945 over 1905, it was less than the average —30,475—of the preceding four years. Canada last year received 3,404, or 1,044 more. Of the emigrants to the United States 25,278 were steerage passengers, and of these 9,530 had their passages paid for in America. There is apparently trouble in store for the good housewives of New Zealand and Aus- tralia, where the servants and lady helps have formed a trade union. The main features of the servants' charter include a week's work of sixty-eight hours, commencing at half- past six and ceasing on four days at 7.30, with three intervals of half-an-hour for meals, and one hour free in the afternoon on Sundays work to cease -at 2 p.m., but the servant to prepare tea, if required, between 5.30 and 6.30 on alternate Sundays—two hours to be allowed to attend church. On Wednesdays work to cease at 10 p.m., with intervals as other days on Thursdays to leave off at 2 p.m. eight holidays a year, and all statu- tory holidays, work on those days to be paid for at the rate of Is. per hour; to be in every night at 10 p.m., except on Thursdays, when they are to be allowed out to midnight the mistress must supply the dress, caps, collars, cuffs, and aprons; and well-ventilated bed- rooms are to be supplied to all servants. The wages demanded range from 12s. 6d. a week for nursemaids to 25s. a week for house- keepers, the "general" being listed art 15s. a week. It will be noted that the scale is very much higher than the English average. Much criticism has been excited in medical circles by a statement of Sir John Cockburn, in which he laid stress on the cultivation of the muscles rather than of the brain. He contends that the whole of the knowledge of the world comes to us through our muscles, and is remem- bered by them. Muscle memory indeed is the essential part of memory. Not only physical p force lies there, but the mind of the real man. It marks out his knowledge and defines his j character. He contends that but for muscular movement we should never have had any brains worth talking about, and as constructive genius and originality would be the requirements of the future, he pleaded for the classroom to be the adjunct of the workshop. Muscles were of primary importance, brains were secondary, and he declared in the classroom they had put the crrt before the horse. The child seemed to know more about the subject than the teacher. It recognised the importance of muscular motion, and, in spite of the teacher, exercised its powers in that direction.

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