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V Moumoiithslurc Quarter Sessions.
V Moumoiithslurc Quarter Sessions. The Easter Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the YCounty of Monmouth opened at the Sessions House, Usk, on Wednesday morning, when there were on the Bench, among other Justices of the Peace :—S. C. Bosanquet, Esq. (chairman), Lord Tredegar. Sir Arthur Mackworth, Bart., Hon J. Maclean Rolls, Captain Walters, R.N., F. T. E. Prothero, A. A. Williams, Albert Addams "Williams, C. W. Earle Marsh, F. J. Mitchell, J. R. Essex, H. Humphreys, G. G. Griffin, Raglan T. H. Somerset, A. G. Burchardt-Ashton, G. R. Edwards, James Straker, J. 0. Marsh, G. Geen, Ll. Llewelyn, S. A. Hiley, G. H. Nurse, W. Edwards, D. Jones, W. H Powell, W, Williams, W. Anning, F. M Humfrey, M. Wolstenholme, W. Llewellyn, Humphrey Mackworth, Esqrs. THE GRAND JURY was sworn as follows :— Messrs. W. Hitchcox, Newport, foreman, D. E. Williams, Lionel C. Corfield, Francis J. Heybyrne, Walter G. Flanders, George James Broackes, Francis Baldwin, Gilbert S. Baillie, John Burgess, Edgar Hinton Fawckner, Henry Fry, Henry Arthur Hall, Walter Hunter, William Willis James, Edmund W. Jones, W. Marfell, Philip Pither, Robert Price, Charles E. Ricketts, Enoch Stone. Harold H. Swalwell, Alfred M. Williams, and Heber P. Williams. THE CHARGE I to the Grand Jury was very brief. The Chairman congratulated them upon the fact that their labours would be light. STANDING JOINT COMMITTEE. I The Court's representatives on the Standing Joint Committee were appointed as follows, Mr Clay (Chepstow) and Major Herbert (Llan- santfraed) having expressed a wish to resign The Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Colonel Curre, Mr G. G. Griffin, Mr J. T. James, Mr R. W. Kennard, Sir Arthur Mackworth, Mr A. A. Williams, Mr R. Rickards, Mr F. J. Mitchell, Mr T. Parry, and Captain Walters. PRISON VISITING COMMITTEE. I On the proposition of the Chairman, seconded by Mr Edwards, Mr Albert Addams-Williams was appointed a member of the Visiting Committee for Usk Prison in the place of Col F. McDonnell, deceased. MAGISTRATES IN DIVISIONS. The Chairman said he was sorry that the Vice- Chairman (Sir Henry Mather-Jackson, Bart.), was not well enough to be present, and, in his absence, he moved the following resolution, of which notice had been given That the Clerk be directed to write to such Justices as have returned their names in more than one Petty Sessional Division to the effect that in the opinion of this Court it is not desirable that their names appear in more than one Division, and that they be requested to elect to which they desire to be attached, such election in no way interfering with their right to administer justice in any part of the County. Mr G. G. Griffin seconded, and the motion was agreed to. The Chairman remarked that this would not prevent magistrates sitting in any Division, if p uir required, but justices of the peace living in any particular district might be expected to know that district and the circumstances of cases best. The Chairman also moved :— That before an Order upon the County Treasurer, under 48. Geo. Ill, C. 75, Sect. 6, as extended by 49 Vict., C. 20, is signed, the Justice signing the same, or the Justices' Clerk, be requested to require the production of all "vouchers passed by the Poor Law District Auditor for the expenses incurred by the Churchwardens and Overseers of any Parish in which a dead human body shall be found cast on shore by the sea, or from any tidal or navigable waters; and be also requested to certify in such order that the expenses in question were proper and necessary expenses incurred in or about the execution of the Act. The Chairman remarked that the expenses had to be paid by the parish in which the body was cast up, and there appeared to be some question whether in some few cases the expenses charged bad been quite reasonable. The auditor himself suggested that the expenses should be audited before an order was made by the justices. There would be no hardship, because the money would be paid by the overseers out of the parish funds in their hands as overseers, and not out of their own pockets. Lord Tredegar seconded, and the motion was agreed to unanimously. A RISCA IMPROVEMENT. I The Court approved the diversion of a highway at Wattsville, Risca. Mr Corner, who made the application, explained that the Risca Urban District Council were making a new road, which would be wider, of easier gradient, and more convenient than the old road. AN UNFORTUNATE SURETY. I Three sessions ago, Dominico Gardiner, of Mon. mouth, who was charged with wounding his wife, failed to surrender to his bail at Usk., His brother. in-law, Mr William Baldwin, Monmouth, was his surety, to the amount of X50, and it was within the power of the Court to order that amount to be forfeited. At the last sessions, however, the Court decided to reduce the amount to be paid by Baldwin to X25. This bad sinoo been paid, and Baldwin was now informed by the Clerk that his recogni- sances would be discharged. TRIALS OF PRISONERS. I HAD HAD HIS WISH. I David Davies, 40, tailor, pleaded guilty to, on the 1st ult., at Pontypool, maliciously damaging a plate-glass window, the property of D. W. Simpson, to the value of between jg9 and £ 10. The Chairman remarked that prisoner's excuse for the damage was that he wanted to be locked up. He had had that wish gratified by being kept in prison a month, and he (the Chairman) hoped ¡he would not be anxious to get into prison again. He would now be sentenced to one day's imprison- mnent. ALLEGATIONS AGAINST A BANKRUPT. I James Thomas, 27, fruiterer, was 190-2ll°o (pT^bat between the 15th October, Sn hLl December, 1902, at Ebbw Yale! aw'l'A of 22nd and 26th June, 1903, at Ebbw Yale befng an undischarged bankrupt, he unlawfully'obtained credit to the extent of L20 178 4d from Henry ITlook, fruiterer, etc., Newport. Mr Bosanquet appeared to prosecute for the P ° Prosecutor. f £ °?n*al evidence was given by Mr W. L. Daniel <wasnf an(l others that prisoner who wa, trading as a grocer and provision dealer, beine JteptTin Feb™ary, 1902, his liabilities Bdiudicaied i 8eP<^ber, 1903, he was again £ 711 Prison aU u>t' liabilities then being XDo' "?eiTCd bl' di!? bad informed thewS?S„°J!"minatI0U be creditors th bankrupt. The prosecution was V Public Prosecutor on a report from hi« W7 Judge Owen Frederick Wallpaper Manufacturer., Ltd., eai[1 thlt Zhen he took the order from prisoner he was not I™ that he was an undischarged bankrupt anfl prisoner did not inform him of the fact. William James Bailey and Henry Flook also said thev ■were not aware when prisoner obtained credit from them that he was an undischarged bankrupt. I Prisoner told the Court that he informed both Mr Lovell and Mr Bailey, a partner in the firm of Henry Flook, that he was an undischarged bankrupt. In the second failure the petition was filed on the petition of a creditor, and one item was a claim for JS385 which had been awarded in arbitration proceeditiges. In the second bankruptcy his assets were valued at £ 68. Annie Thomas, prisoner's wife, said she was present at the Westgate Hotel, Newport, when the order was given to Lovell, and she heard her husband tell him that he was the Thomas who had been adjudicated bankrupt. ClZZT The jury found prisoner not guilty on both charges, and he was discharged.
r ELEVEN LICENSING APPEALS.
ELEVEN LICENSING APPEALS. IMPORTANT DECISION OF THE COURT. The Court then proceeded to deal with licensing appeals. The first case taken was that of the Bell Inn, High-street, Pontypool. Mr Abel Thomas, K.O., M.P., with Mr Corner, appeared for the appellants, James Dixon, the licensee, Jane Lewis, the oweaer, and Westlake's Breweries, Ltd., lessees; and Mr A. J. Ram, K.C., and Mr Bosanquet were for the Pontypool justices, who at the last Licensing Sessions refused to renew the licence. The Court was occupied for over an hour in hearing and considering arguments upon toe-points raised by Mr Thomas that the Justices wese not entitled to refuse the renewal of the licence, because the refusal was made after the expiration of the month during which, under the Licensing Act, the adjourned Sessions could be held. The Licensing I Sessions were held on the 6th February, and there was then an adjournment until the 5th March, when the Court, at about 5 o'clock, adjourned over Sunday until Monday, the 7<h March. Mr Ram, in reply, urged that the objection could only be good with regard to new business, and not with regard to business entered upon before the expiry of the month. The Court, after a brief retirement, overruled Mr Thomas's objection. Mr Ram, in opening the case for the respondents, pointed out that the justices had obtained informa- tion upon the licensed houses in the district, and were prepared to deal with the question a year ago, but at the request of the licensees they deferred the consideration of the reduction for 12 months, and the present licence was refused after due considera- tion of the requirements of the district. The police evidence showed that the Bell Inn was structurally unfit for a public-house, that owing to its position it was difficult to supervise, and that there were nine licensed houses within 150 yards of it. There had been four convictions against the house within the last 22 years. Evidence was given for the appellants by the present holder of the licence, Mrs Elizabeth Lewis (the life tenant) and others, who stated that the house was necessary for the district. Mr Abel Thomas, K.C., M.P., urged that the Court should renew the whole of the licences of which the renewal had been refused on the ground either that they were structurally unfit or that they were not required, so that they might receive the benefit which might be granted to those who lost their licences on such grounds under the Licensing Bill which Mr Balfour had promised should be introduced in a week's time. Mr Ram pointed out that the Court had no assur- ance that the Bill would pass into law. Before another year another Government might be in existence, with Mr Abel Thomas as Solicitor-General, which might also introduce a Licensing Bill, but they might have to wait until the Ides of March for any alteration in the Licensing Law. After a retirement, the Court decided to allow the appeal in this case, and the Chairman said it was the opinion of the majority of the magistrates that unless there were other grounds than that of struc- tural unsuitability and congestion, no action should be taken this year, in view of the probability of a Bill for compensating publicans who were deprived of their licences being passed in this session. The position now was somewhat different from what it was when the cases were heard by the magistrates, and they did not think they would be doing right in depriving people of the chance of getting compensa- tion. The same decision governed the appeals made in .respect of the Railwaj Inn, Abersychan Cambrian, Pontypol: Globe Hotel, Abersychan; Labour in Vain, Pontypool; Mill Tavern, Cwmbran Ponthir Inn, Ponthir and Lower Cook, Croesyceilosf. The Court refused to allow appellants' costs under the circumstances, and made the necessary order for the indemnification of the magistrates concerned as respondents with regard to their costs. GREYHOUND INN, PONTYPOOL. Charles Fredk. Derreck, landlord of the Greyhound Inn, Pontypool, and Sarah Rowland Masters and George Masters, the owners, appealed against an order of the Pontypool magistrates to m close the Market Street entrance into the licensed premises. Mr Abel Thomas, K.C., M.P., and Mr Corner, appeared for the appellants, and Mr A. J. Ram, K.C., and Mr Lionel Dunn for the respondents. It was stated that the closing of the entrance would mean the less of 45 or X6 a week to the income of the house. Supt W. James, Pontypool, explained that there were four entrances to this house from Commercial Street, and one from Market Street. This made it very difficult to exercise police supervision, for if they wanted to find out if there was anything wrong going on in the house they would need six constables. It was the entrance from Market Street that they wanted to close. The entrance was principally used by women. P.S. Bladon said that the room to which the Market Street entrance led was known as the Little Dog," It was largely used by market women, and made supervision of the house very difficult. The Chairman said that the Court was of opinion that there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them refusing the appeal. The order of the magistrates would therefore be quashed.
SECOND DAY.
SECOND DAY. Before S. C. Bosanquet, Esq. (in the chair), F. T. E. Prothero, Esq., G. G. Griffin, Esq., F. J. Mitchell, Esq., Captain Walters, R.N., A. G. Burchardt-Ashton, Esq., H. M. Humfrey, Esq., and others. THE GRIFFIN HOTEL, BLABNAVON. This was an appeal on the part of Thomas Walker and J. R. and T. A. Webb. Ltd., against a refusal to grant a renewal of an alehouse licence on the part of the Pontypool magistrates. Mr J. Corner, with Mr Mioklethwaite, for the appellants, and Mr A. J. Ram, K.C., with Mr Bosanquet, for the respondents. For the respondents, Superintendent James Davies stated that he had known the house since 1898, and it had been badly conducted. The previous landlord was in October, 1900, fined L5 for keeping open during prohibited hours, public houses having been ordered to be closed in consequence of an election. The present tenant was convicted, in October, 1903, of permitting drunkenness, and fined 40s. In cross-examination by Mr Corner, witness said amongst other reasons for his objection was that the house had been closed. He admitted that it was closed in consequence of the house being built over a sewer which gave away and threatened the stability of the house, in consequence of which it had been closed since October. Mr Ram said he would not go into other grounda of objection than those of the conduct of the house and licensee, in consequence of the magistrates' decision on the previous day. P.S. Joseph Jones also gave evidence. Mr Corner urged that the first conviction was three years ago, and no steps were taken with regard to it until new, and the conviction last year was visited with the mitigated penalty of 40s. After some legal argument as to the admissibility of evidence as to the structure, which Mr Corner was eliciting from a Mr Poole, Mr Ram repealled P.S. Jones with regard to the relative value of the house, &c., but the scope of the evidence was narrowed down, and The appellants' witnesses were called, who testi- fied. generally that the landlord was a highly of evidence as to the structure, which Mr Corner was eliciting from a Mr Poole, Mr Ram repealled P.S. Jones with regard to the relative value of the house, &c., but the scope of the evidence was narrowed down, and The appellants' witnesses were called, who testi- fied. generally that the landlord was a highly respectable man who conducted the house properly. William L. Roberts, architect, said they were prepared to spend £ 650 upon the re-building of the bouse. William L. Roberts, architect, said they were prepared to spend £ 650 upon the re-building of the house. £ In the result the Chairman said the Court wo uld allow the appeal, as they ooasidered the case was not strong enough to take away the licence in view of the general rule laid down on the previous day in dealing at the present time with public houses. This was an appeal on the part of Arthur Levshon, the licensee of the Nag's Head Inn, Usk, against a conviction, under Section 9 of the Licensing Act, 1874, at Usk, on February 25th, last, when be was fined £3 and costs. Mr J. Corner appeared for the appellants and Mr A. J. Ram, K.C., with Mr Mioklethwaite, was for the respondent, Supt. W. James, Pontypool. P.S. Sheddick, in the course of his evidence, said he went to the Nag's Head on the morning of the 16th February, and after knocking at the front door, Leyshon came and asked who was there. Witness told him, and Leyshon then made a noise and said he could not open the door. Witness and P.C. Bullock were admitted by the side door, and Leyshon said he had some of the boys out of the town there. In the kitchen there were James Knight, James Morgan, and a man whom he did not know, but who gave the name of Thomas W. Evans, and said he lived at Sunnybauk, Gwehelog. Witness found that Evans had lived there, but that at that time he was living nearer Usk, at Gwehelog. Leyshon said there were no more men there, but that his brother-in-law aud "his intended" were upstairs. Witness sub- sequently went upstairs and there found, in addition, a man named Arthur Clarke and Frances Morgan, who said they were keeping these young people company," and that they had had supper. There were no signs of supper nor of drinking utensils, there nor in the kitchen. On asking Leyshon why he had said there were no other men there. he replied (with reference to those upstairs) I thought they had gone." The remainder of witness's evidence was the same as has been already given in our columns. Cross-examined by Mr Corner witness said that James Morgan said that they had been invited there to supper by the landlord. The landlord did not say so. He did not understand from what the landlord said that he was entertaining a party he thought it was a drunken spree. No impedi- ment was placed in the way of a search. He did not see any drinking going on. Asked as to whether the men found there were not respectable men in their condition of life, witness said there was not much the matter with them. P.C. Bullock gave corroborative evidence, and this concluded respondent's case. Mr Corner then submitted that he had no case to answer. The charge against the landlord was that he unlawfully sold intoxicating liquors during pro- hibited hours, but they had not heard a word iu support of such a charge, and he argued that section 7 of the Act of 1874 had been altogether wrongly conoeived in regard to the case. Mr Ram contended that they had at any rate heard sufficient evidence to continue tha hearing, and quoted some oases in arguing that there was pre- sumptive evidence of sale. Mr Corner replied, pointing out that in those cases there was direct evidence of drinking, and Mr Ram admitted that that was in favour of Mr Corner, but he quoted from the noties of appeal in which Leyshon admitted that he supplied intoxi- cating liquors to his friends after closing time bona fide. The Court considered the point of law raised by Mr Corner without retiring, with the result that The Chairman said the conviction must be quashed on the ground that there was no evidence to support the conviction of selling. Mr Ram asked if the Court would state a case, if necessary, on the point, and the Chairman replied in the affirmative. The appeal was, therefore, allowed, and the Court rose.
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I Monmouthshire Licensing…
I Monmouthshire Licensing Committee. The annual meeting of the Monmouthshire County Licensing Committee was held at the Sessions House, Usk, on Tuesday, when there were present :-Messrs. S. 0. Bosanquet (chair- man), F. J. Mitchell, A. A. Williams, R. Rickards and W. H. Powell. THE ARGOED. Mr Lionel Dunn, instructed by Mr W. S. Gustacd, solicitor, Usk and Newport, applied for the confirmation of the provisional grant of a licence to Philip Lawrence Lloyd, in respect of the Argoed Arms, which had been a licensed house for many years, but which had this year been objected to by the police as structurally unfit for a public-house by the police. At the Blackwood Licensing meeting, on the 1st February, the present applicant could not contest the contention of the police, but he gave the justices to under- stand that the district was populous, and with the sinking of new pits was likely to develop. Applicant had entered into an agreement with the ground landlord, who was the same as for the old site, for a lease for 99 years of ground opposite, for the purpose of erecting a new house, there not being room on the present site for a house of the size wished for. Applicant bore out Counsel'* statement, and said his wife was the present licensee, as he held the licence of the Swan Hotel, Abergavenny, and the police objected to his holding two licences. The proper notices had been issued, and there was no objection on the part of the police. The architect also gave evidence. The application was acceded to. ABERTILLERY GROCER S LICENCE. Mr A. H. Dolman, solicitor, Abertillery, appeared on behalf of Mr Edwin Ernest Price, and applied for the confirmation of the provisional grant of the removal of a grocers' licence from premises in Commercial-street to Carmel-street, Abertillery, in consequence of the falling in of the lease in Commercial-street, and the acquisition of premises in Carmel-street. Applicant, a chemist, gave evidence, pointing out that the principal part of his trade in this connection was with regard to medicated wines. He had held the licence for 3t years, and his father had held it 7t years previously. The new premises 2 were close to the old ones; the usual notices had been served, and no objection had been raised on the part of anyone. The licence was confirmed. This was all the business of the Committee. v'- -f; .r
[No title]
PRESENTATIONS.—The Vicar of Llandaff (the Rev J. R. Buckley) was, on Tuesday evening, presented by the parishioners with a library desk, suitably inscribed, and a cheque for £ 80, in recognition of 25 years' faithful service, and Mrs Buckley was the recipient of a gold bracelet, set with diamonds and emeralds. A TERRIBLE DEATH.—Frederick Isaacs, a baller, residing near Quarry Row, Merthyr, while follow- ing his occupation at the Cyfarthfa Bessemer Steel Works, accidentally fell into one of the stoking pits, several feet deep, in which the moulded ingots-the interior of which are molten-are deposited in order to obtain an equalisation of their temperature. The poor fellow was severely burned about the body. Dr. James, Cyfarthfa surgery, was at once sent for, and the sufferer was conveyed to the Merthyr General Hospital, where he died on Wednesday morning.
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j ,USK V BERKELEY'
j USK V BERKELEY' The first match of the Usk Easter tour was versus Berkeley. The weather was fine with rather a strong wind. Berkeley were a much bigger lot of men, but Usk playing with plenty of dash quite held their own, and were dangerous on several occasions, Prothero, in particular, having hard lines in not scoring after a run from half-way to within 5 yards of the line. He was, however, just pulled down As Usk were playing up the slope and against the wind they kept the ball close, and although Berke- ley pressed hardly at times, they were kept out, mainly through good fielding and kicking on the part of Fred Waters, who showed great coolness and pluck. Half-time arrived with no score. Upon the resumption, Usk pressed, and by good kick. ing on the part of Frank Davies, kept the homesters penned. The finishing touch was, however, lack- ing and, in spite of good individual efforts on the parts of Prothero and Simmonds, Usk were unable to notch a point. Prothero again had hard lines, forcing his way over the line, but being held up. An interesting and good game was called to a close, a pointless draw being the result. It should be said that Berkeley posses* a much cherished ground record of 5 years' standing, and although pleased that this was not broken, they were of the opinion that Usk should have done the trick.
USK P. STROUD. I
USK P. STROUD. I The second and most important match of the tour took place at Stroud on Tuesday, and, although expecting a beating, Usk were determined to make a good show. Upon the teams taking the field, in the presence of a good crowd, it was noticeable that the homesters were much the heavier lot. Jimmy Knight had damaged his right hand at Berkeley and was unable to play, so that Fred Waters took his place at half, and the vacant place in the third line was kindly filled by W. G. Price, late of Aber- gavenny. F'rom the start the Usk forwards held the scrums, and, indeed, secured the ball more often than their opponents. A close game was contested, and good defensive plav by Prothero. Simnaonds, Waters, and Price, kept the visitors' line intact. Towards the end of tho first half the Usk forwards got away with a splendid dribble, and Prothero, fielding in the loose, gave a good pass to Price, and he made a good, but ineffectual, drop for goal. Half-time was called with no score. Stroud re- started, and the reply left play at half-way. Usk continued to play well, and Stroud were unable to get far beyond half-way. The visiting forwards obtained the ball, and Fred Waters getting it away in good style to Prothero, the Usk backs put in some good passing runs, but determined tackling spoiled their efforts. Simmonds, who all through hal played a splendid game, was prominent with a run and kick, and Price, following up well, touched the ball down over the line, but a seemingly fair try was disallowed. Not discouraged by this decision, Usk continued to plav with plenty of dash, and although Stroud forced play close to the Usk line on several occasions, good forward play by the visitors relieved the pressure, and after a good run by Prothero, Price was left with the ball in a good position for putting the Usk line in motion. He, however, elected to drop for goal, which was unsuc- cessful. Had he passed instead of kicking it was practically certain that Waters would have been able to put Jenkins in, as the defence was beaten with the exception of one man. Usk again pressed after the drop out, and the forwards rushing to the Stroud twenty-five, George Smith picked up and sent out a high pass to Simmondi. A Stroud player touched the ball in its flight, and Simmonds made his mark in a most favourable position, To the general surprise the referee refused to allow the kick. Towards time Stroud made strenuous efforts to score, and although given,a penalty in a good position for alleged offside play, the kick was a poor one. Time was immediately called, and a draw the result. While all the Usk players are to be congratulated on their play, especially the hard-working forwards, special praise must be given to Prothero, Simmonds, and Fred Waters. The following were the Usk players :—F. Davies, E. Simmonds, E. Waters, F. Waters, J. Jenkins. Dai Prothero (capt), J. Knight, G. Smith, A. Bowyer, A. J. Thomas, E. Timms, J. Bowen, H. Gibson, J. Morgan, J. II, Marfell, and F. Morgan. NOTES. Usk wound up their season in capital style on Easter Tuesday by playing Stroud to a pointless draw. Uskites were highly gratified at this result. They hardly expected to hold their own against the heavy team Stroud put in the field. The tour to Berkeley and Stroud was in every way a great success. All thoroughly enjoyed them- selves and were especially pleased with their recep- tion at Berkeley, where the crowd was most impartial. Berkeley hold a ground record of five years' standing which Usk came near breaking, the game ending in a pointless draw, after a splendid struggle, fought out iq the best spirit. & To the general regret of the Usk team, their hon see (Mr Frank Morgan) was unable to accompany them. He was not forgotten, however, and on the return of the team, on Tuesday night, was pre- sented bv Dai Prothero, on behalf of the tourists, with a handsome cigarette case as a memento of the first tour of the Usk Club. The kind thought which led to this action was greatly appreciated by Mr Morgan. Dai Prothero, the Usk skipper, was in great form both at Berkeley and Stroud, and came near notch- ing the winning point in both matches. He was very pleased with the performance of his men. The best game Usk ever played was the message when wiring home the result of the match at Stroud. f 0
I -I-INVENTIONS AND THEIR…
I- INVENTIONS AND THEIR BIRTH. The first really practical sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe, of Cambridge, Mass., in 1841. The electric light was first obtained by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1843, but recent improvements by Edison and Brush have made its general use possible. The telegraph was invented by Samuel F. B. Morse, of Charlestown, Mass., in 1837, five years after he began experimenting. He obtained his first patent in 1840, and in 1843 Congress appro- priated 30,000dol. for its development. The steam engine was invented by James Watt, an mstrument maker at the University of Glasgow, in 1763. In 1769 he patented his fan:ous condenser, and in 1784 his parallel motion, throttle valve, governor and indicator, all of which are still used. Railways, with wooden rails, were first used in 1672 at collieries cast iron rails w, re first used in 1738. An iron rail nailed to wooden sleepers was first used in 1776, and the present idea of rails and wheels adapted to each other was invented in 1789. The first locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in 1804, but the first locomotive after the modern idea was.built by George Stephenson in 1829. The idea of the construction of a locomotive was given to the world by James Wattjn 1769, and patented by him in 1774. The steamboat, now indispensable to the naviga- tion of rivers and lakes, and for ocean travel, was invented by Robert Fulton, an American, who con- ceived the idea in 1793. He built the first vessel, the Clermont, in 1807, the first successful voyage being up the Hudson from New York to Albany. The telephone, an invention for reproducing the human voice by the agency of electricity at long distances from the speaker, is due to the ingenuity of Elisha Gray, of Chicago, Professor A. Graham Bell, of Washington, Professor A. C. Dolbeare, of Tufts College, Massachusetts, and Thomas A. Edison, of Menlo Park, N.J. The air brake was invented by iWestinghouse, 1874; the torpedo, by Bushnell, 1777; watch, by Peter Hele, 1477; thermometer, by Drebbel, 1609; telescope, by Lippersheim, 1608; printing, by Gansfleisch, 1438; cotton gin, by Eli Whitney, 1793; C microscope, by Jansen, 1590; lithography, by Sene- felder, 1798; lightning rods, by Franklin, 1752; gunpowder, by Schwarz, 1320; balloon, by Mont- golfier, 1783; barometer, by Torricelli, 1643.- Journal of Education.
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Printing of all Descriptions the Office of this Paper.
I ABERGAVENNY.
I ABERGAVENNY. I Agents,—Messrs Davies Jb Co. Booksellers. ATHLETIC SPORTS.—A large number of holiday- makers was present at the Bailey Park, Aber- gavenny, on Tuesday, at the sixteenth sports' meeting of the Abergavenny Amateur Athletic Association. The president of the association (Mr J. Straker, mayor of Abergavenny), was among those present. The entries were as numerous as on former occasions, but the attendance was below that of last year, in consquence of counter attractions. A new feature in this year's programme was the three miles open steeplechase handicap, for which a tradesmen's plate of twenty guineas was offered.
EISTEDDFOD.
EISTEDDFOD. The Easter eisteddfod held at the Market Hall, Abergavenuy, on Monday, was as greatra success a% ever. Reoultg:- Pianoforte competition. -Miss Rosaline Hallet, Newport. Pianoforte solo for children.-Miss Kathleen Georsre, Tredegar. Violin solo.—Mr W. H. Williams, Pontypool. Essay, "The Eisteddfod: What it was, What it is, and What it should be."—Mr David James, 15, Parade, Porth. Collection of six photographs.—1st, Mrs G. O. Brown, Abergavenuy 2nd, Mr H. Townsend, Abergavenny. Juvenile choir competition. Abersychan Choristers. Bass solo -Mr Tom Lewis, Cardiff. Male Voice contest.—Blaina Male Voice Party. Interesting features of the eisteddfod were the brass band contests, which were held in the beautiful Castle grounds. Of the seven bands that had entered for the chief contest, six put in an appearance, viz., Blaina Lancaster Town Band, Ferndale Prize Band, Abertillery Silver Band, Hebden Bridge Band, 3rd V.B. Welsh Regiment, and the Plymouth Workmen's Brass Band. The test piece was Polin to," arranged by the late Mr E. Swift, and, in addition to the X20 in each offared as first prize, was a silver medal to the conductor, and a handsome silver challenge cup, to be won three times, and held last year by the Tillery Colliery Brass Band. A second prize of E15 was offered, and a third of £ 7. Mr R. Stead, of Huddersfield, awarded the first prize to the Ferndale Band (conductor, Mr Radcliff), the second to Hebden Bridge, and the third to the band of the 3rd V.B. Welsh Regiment (Mountain Ash). Chief choral competition (prize £100): 1st, Mid- Rhondda (conductor, Mr E. Hughes) 2nd, Troedyrhiw United (Mr J. C. Jones). Second choral competition Tonyrefail and I Gilfach eMr J. H. Richards). Ladies' choral competition: Brycheinog (Mr W. C. Davies, Brynmawr). Soprano solo: Miss Edith Gunston, Aber- tillery. Contralto solo Miss Hannah Jones, Blaina. Tenor solo Mr 0. W. Skolton, King's Heath, near Birmingham. CHEPSTOW. I A.gentm—Miss Clark I EASTER VES?E.Y;—'Mr Stanley Callaghan was re- appointed vicar's warden, and Mr Arthur Price was re-elected people's warden. The sidesmen were also re-elected. The vicar (the Rev E. J. Rensley) referred to the proposed further restoration of the church, and said he hopad they would soon be in a position to. invite tenders.
V1' MONMOUTH. I
V MONMOUTH. I A.aent.-Mr. Caffrey, B Jolcseller. Mo im,)uth. I EASTER VESTRY.— Mr F. C. Williams was I appointed vicar's warden at St Mary's, in the place of Mr Horne. Mr Hedger was re-elected parish warden.—The accouuts showed that £ 30S had been taken in collections, a slight falling off on previous years.—The Vicar, referring to his two curates, the Revs W. Feetham and Kelk Wilson, said he was fortunate in having such excellent colleagues to .1 assist in parochial work.-—The present sidesmen, with some additions, were then re-appointed.
I FATALITY NEAR MONMOUTH.
FATALITY NEAR MONMOUTH. The Rev J. Wolton, Wesleyan Minister, Mon- mouth, was riding a bicycle near the Maypole on Monday night, when he ran into a group of three men who were on the road, one of whom, named Meredith, was knocked down and so badly injured that he died within a few hours. Mr Wolton says fcis bell would not act, but that he shouted to the men. At the inquest, on Wednesday, before Mr B. H. Deakin, a verdict of Accidental death" was returned, no blame, being attached to Mr Woltoo,
I PONTYPOOL.I
PONTYPOOL. J. Hardim, Htwket Bookstall, Mr Fieldhouse The Market, and Messrs. Jones and Edwards. BOARD OF GUARDIANS.—The fortnightly meeting was held on Thursday in last week, Major D. E. Williams presiding. There were also present:- Mrs M. Harding, Miss M. Davies, Revs W. W. l Jones and R. & Howells, Messrs. W. L. Pratt, T. M. Wihfcle, E, Probyn, J. Turner, and J. Williams, with the deputy-clerk (Mr B. Morgan). The Local Government Board wfcte that they had transferred the duties of inspection of CuilclreQ in the Poor-law Schools to the Board of Education also that they had transferred the appointment of overseers of the parish of Llanvihangel-Pontymoile from the justices of the peace to the Panteg Urban District Council.—The Master (Mr J. Richards) reported that during the fortnight 204: vagrants had been admitted to the Workhouse. There were 154 persons in the House, against 162 for the corresponding period last year. The Clerk reported a balance in hand of £ 3,856 19s. COLLIERY FATALITY.—An inquest was held at Crumlin, on Thursday in last week, by Mr M. Roberts Jones, coroner, touching the death of Arthur Lewis (30), dukey rider at the Llanhilleth Colliery (Messrs. Partridge, Jones, and Co.), who had succumbed on Tuesday to injuries received at the colliery on the Friday previous. There were present, Mr Robinson, Deputy Mines' Inspector Mr William Brace, Abertillery, representing the workmen; and Mr Davies, manager of the colliery.—Tom Holland, roadman, who was present when the accident occurred, deposed that a "journey" of six full trams went off the road at the curve, and crushed deceased against the wall. Medical aid was summoned, but deceased died on Tuesday.—It was shown that it bad been a common occurrence for trams to go off the road at the spot in question, and a suggestion was made that the curve should be done away with. Mr Davies said that was impossible, but the company were endeavouring to prevent such mishaps.—A verdict of "Accidental death" was returned.
j BREAD AND PASTRY FOR DYSPEPTICS.I
BREAD AND PASTRY FOR DYSPEPTICS. I Many people with poor digestions are unable to eat home-made bread and pastry. This is very often because the raising agent used by the cook has not done its duty, and the pastry is doughy and heavy. Brown & Poison's new raising powder, called "Paisley Flour" changes all this. It is used mixed dry, one part with 6 to 8 parts of ordinary flour, and takes the place of yeast and baking powder. It is a real help in baking and pastry making, enabling the work to be done quickly, easily, and pleasantly. There is nothing at all harmful in it, and it makes little crusty loaves and delicious pastry, so well raised, light, and free from any suspicion of doughiness that they can be eaten with benefit by those of weak digestion. Brown & Poison's Paisley Flour is packed in 3id and 7d packets, the latter being enough for half-a-stone of flour. Try it now. Ct
ILIEUTENANT STEEL WELCOMED…
LIEUTENANT STEEL WELCOMED AT BLAENAVON. On Thursday, Lieut. F. M. Steel, son of Mr H. S. Steel, estate agent to the Blaenavou Company Ltd., was accorded a most enthusiastic public welcome on his return from South Africa, and was presented with an illumiuated address framed in oak. In the evening a banquet was held at the Forge Hammer Assembly-rooms, when Lieutenant Steel, was made the recipient of a gold watch subscribed for by the townspeople, and a gold chain presented by the Volunteers.
RAGLAN.
RAGLAN. Agmt-Mr. W. Parker, Photographer. EASTER SERVICES.—Four services were held at S. Cadoc's Church, Raglan, on Good Friday, viz. —Ante Communion at 8.30 a.m., matins, litany and sermon at 11 a.m., children's service at 3 p.m., and evensong with sermon at 7 p m. The Vicar officiated at all of them. The Easter Day services were largely attended, and collections were taken on behalf of the Boys' Choir Fund. The musical portion included the anthem I am He that liveth," and opened with the recitation, I heard a voice as the sound of many waters," f ollowed by the solo, "I am He that liveth." Recitative and solo were taken by Mr C. J. Saunders, choirmaster and organist. The choruses were well rendered* and at the close of the service Stainer's sevenfold Amen in A was sung. Master Eric Saunders presided at the organ during the day. The sacred edifice was tastefully decorated, as usual, by various ladies.
. SHIRENWTON.
SHIRENWTON. THE LATE MR W. S. LAN-e.—Mr William Shaxon Lang, of The Coombe, Shirenewton, who died on February 1st, left real and personal estate of the gross value of £1.674 Is 2d. His will has- been proved in London by Mrs Mary Lang, the widow Ernest Philip Heary Lang, law student, the son; and Miss Mary Beatrice Lang and Mis* Ethel Stoneman Lang, the daughters, all of The Coombe.
--:::::-The Lancashire Cotton…
The Lancashire Cotton Industry. It may safely be regarded as significant that the Agricultural Bureau at Washing- ton has printed reports of several United States consuls on the subject of cotton- growing within the British Empire. These reports are the more interesting because the States claim to be much better served by their consuls than we are in. the matter of obtaining information. It is quite likely that this claim is not unfounded, but in any event we find that the consuls of the American State know a great deal more than we do about our own business, and unless we have been kept very much in the dark by the Government, it is evident that the consuls of Germany and Austria know very much better than our own Board of Trade what is being done in Britain. It is evident that Lancashire cannot suffer as it has suffered of late, without the loss being felt by the rest of Britain, but even if that were not so, the other parts of the United Kingdom could scarcely contemplate un- moved, THE DISTRESS WHICH HAS BEEN OCCASIONED to one of our principal industries by the scarcity of cotton. It is not of very much use to inquire how much of that scarcity is due to nature, and how much to the speculator, the more important point is that unless we can grow cotton for ourselves Lancashire can never be sure of receiving a sufficient supply for its needs. At the present moment the world is dependent for more than sixty per cent, of its cotton supply upon the United States, where the plant grows south of latitude 37N. This limitation is of very little importance, because the cotton-growing area extends over more than half a million of square miles, or one fourth of the total area of tho United States. It is therefore capable of producing eight times as much cotton as it has yet yielded in any year, and coulif supply four or five times as much as is; required for the spindles of the world. It has often been asked why the cotton belt- does not prodnce more, and the answer generally is, that labour is expensive. If that is the reason why cultivation is limited, we are scarcely likely to be confronted by the same difficulty. According to the United States Consul at Prague, we are able to produce cotton at a penny a pound, but however that may be, we have enor- mous areas which are believed to be capable of producing good cotton, and, unless the British Empire is even more prosperous thatt we suppose it to be, there would be ntf* difficulty in finding the necessary labour. No doubt THE MOST PROMISING SOIL for this purpose is to be found in Africa and great hopes are entertained with respect to the progress of the industry in Northern Nigeria, which has an area equal to more than half of the American cotton belt. and a population two-thirds as large. In Egypt, where cotton is already grown, there are enormous possibilities, and other parts of Africa are regarded hopefully. Further, the subject has been discussed iu many other tropical Colonies, outside Africa and in some of them experiments are bein<^ made. The importance of this subject to Britain may be gathered from some figures quoted recently by Mr J. Arthur Hutton vice-chairman of the British Cotton Growing Association, who told the members of the Manchester Statistical Society that Britain possesses forty-four per cent. of the world's supply of spindles. Whatever the United States may do when competition is apparent, they do not at present produce sufficient cotton to keep the spindles of the world fully employed, and, according to appear- ances, the deficiency must become greater as the home needs of the United States increase. Happily, there is every reason, to anticipate that the movement now taking place within the British Empire, may have some very tangible results, and that in course of time, new sources will be opened up for the supply of the raw material which will render our manufacturers largely independent of American cotton. -irf" ,rr irfr-j r* tr M
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-I RIVER REPORT.
Monday, but they did not meet with much success, the water being too thick. The following "kills" have been reported Thursday—Dr. Hackett, 4t brace, weighing 6 lbs Mr E. Bowyer, 3^ brace. Saturday-Mr Cobb, 3 brace; Mr E. Bowyer, 2 brace. Tuesday—Dr. Hackett, 6 braoe; Mr Cobb, 5 brace.