Herald of Wales and Monmouthshire Recorder

on Xoud&T & cheque for R.A= was i,&. oewed at the offioes of "The Daily Tele- Vroph" from Mesars. Hodder and Stough- ton, the first inoWJmezit off payment for (ieopies of 'King Albert's Book. Major F. Evans, 34, Park-road, Chelms- ford, Essex, has received the King's con- gratulations on himself and his five sons I, serving with the Army. A motor-ear containing seven persons ,feU on Sunday night into a deep pit in the I Chevreuse valley, says the Paris Petit JoMTMtL? The chauffeur and a paea?n?orj *?era killed and the Sve other tr?veU?rs! Uero serious^ uojured. <

BIG BLAZE. AMMANFORD GER OFFI CE I GUTTED. A disastrous lire broke out at the premises 01 the" AmmÜll Valley Chronicle" in Qucy-atreet, Amxnanioixi, the property ot Msftsrs. liwilym Vmigimn and Co. In less than an hotur and a half tho whflle of the premi«G6, including a linotype, printing machinery, type, plant, books, stoclv cf paper, &c., was coaiipletely bur at, leaving nrdhir-g but the bare walls | standing. The da:iiac;e is roughly esti- malted at 42,500 to ies.ow. It appears from whaA can be gathered now that about 11.30 to 11.45 p.m.. Dr. Brereton, whose back premises wa oppo- site the printing oiiice preaii«?es, saw that the building was on fire, and gave the I alarm. -N,t-iglibours occupying 5hops in Quav-street w&re -soon on the .pot. P.C. Holland. Sergt. Britten, and P.C. Britten wera quickly on the scene. The fire bri- gade were summoned, but there was not a full turn out. Notwithstanding all the efforts put forth, the fire seemed to have had such a thorough hoki at the building that nothing could possibly be done. The roof fell iii, aai,i the place burnt like a furnace, additional strength being given to the fire by the falling in of one of the IIp- stairs windows, which seemed to act as a flue to fan the flames into the front part of the premises. These were occupied in the day-time by the manager and editor of the paper. Mr. Yaughan himself lives at Bryn- a.mman, and was at home at the time. The last man to leave the premises was Mr. Nicholas, the linotype operator, who left at 11 o'clock, and says he saw no I sign whatever of a fire at that time. As to the cause, various theories are put forward, but at present nothing can be definitely stated. The premises and plant are partly covered by insurance.

I ¡ LEG-ED -PI ES." Llandovery Dentist's Emphatic Protest. I In consfequeiroe of a discusision which took pitoce recently at a meeting of the S"nding Joint, Committed at CarsnartHen, when rfcf«c-- encea were maxle to alleged spies who are going about the country calling theaaeelvee travelling dentists, jne of our represents-- tivea called on Mar. A. L. Ostrov, of ilige Houas, Llandovery (formerly the Old Sun), and had an interview him. Of what nationality are you, Mr. Oet-rov? asked the Pressman.—Mr. Ostrov gmiled ond replied: W till. 1 am trot, a spy, ae eome people wiaii to make out. I was born in Riga, whkh 4. glance a»fc the map will ehoW you is in Souses. Truth to tell, I am a iiiiseiou Jew, a.nd belong to your Allies. In,e,re ia my biriih D&-tifioute, I obtained it thi'oug.b the Run Oonsulate aA Swanaea. It is signed by the Chief Rabbi of Riga., utie official under the ttu«36ian Gov1fmt. Something about my life and movemetats? Wit-h ple-asure. I have spent rauoh time at IjiswaeUy and liD Irelaaid. I caine to ii'eia-nd first. My father was minister to the Jewieh ,congregation at Llaaieily. I have been in the dental profession about eleven years. I had an illness extending over five months, during which period my pa-rents were with me, and my father had to give up his posi- tion at Llanftily. At this time 1 bad a friend named Goldfoot., who interested him- self in me. Re. wa6 a L.D .S. He wÙ: me as I an ftppreTftice, and after four years, feel- ing myself competent as &n operator, I oanie to South Wotes. I went to Cardiff and ffeeii to Dowlois, and afte-isvarda opened at IdaaieHy. From there I went to Cross I Hands. I went lecturing at. eehools to children, and extracted children's teeth free of charge. I have extracted thousands of ) tiseth, aud have attended to people who I hadn't tills memo free of charge, but not being a ixucvu of means my-elf, much as I should like, I co-nt attend to the public entirely free. I tbink I can wy without 'bo"fmg thot siBo? 1? be?in-ni? of tb? 1,.aw tb&t I advertised the fwt tb? I should 00 giad to attend to voIumteM? joining 1? Army fr?e. 'c?t only ae to eattraotionB but I Would also suppjy the necessary dentrioe. I hartnp been the means of many volunteers passing the medfcal examination by my add. and How that I have eMAblighed myself sl. LLwndovery and beoome one of its cfoizeoip, I should like it to be known that my offer re echooi- ehildren and others in neW of a d-emtist's Pcrvloss who Ore uttable to avail tSuemselves cf such aid; thtxsagh lack of means stands gcocL I am a wertdy eubwriber to the Bél- gian Refugee Fund. Do I fhimk that the oM«D!t made at the meeting of th? St?Midm? Joint OommiMee have done me any harm? BmphaticcUy thiey here been detrim«n<<al to me, as I am the only dentist who goeoø travelling in a motor-oar in the distract who is of foreign origin."

TRIBUTF. AT FUNERAL OF MR. I JOHN J. KNOYLE. AJa-itl manifestatioaa of deepept, sorrow the funeral of Mr. John J. Knoyle, mining engineer. The Sanctuary, Loughor, took filace on Monday at Aincn, Birohgrove. The cortege left Loughor at noon. amd after reaching tbe chapel a. service was held, at which the following minis tens took part and bore eloquent twtiraony to the sterling qualities of the deceased gentlemanRera. Edwin Watkins, R. W. Daviee (Loughor), D. Samuel (Morriston>, J. E. Griffiths (Birch- grove), J. Hywel Parry (Llaneamiet). At the graveeide a. short address wM d?HYored by the Rev. 0. J. Owen. (:avrWem. Th<e following were the principal mour- ners:—Mra. J. J. Knoyle, Mesara. G. W.. J S.. and W. If. Knoyle, Misses Mary, Beatrice and Lena Knoyle. Mr. and Xn. Harold Bradley (Britonferpy), Kr. aad Mrs Darid Knoyie (Morrwton), Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Evsas (Treboethj, Mr. Earcy Knoyle (Llan- elly), Mr. and Mrs. John Wool-way, and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Joseph (Liassamlet) Amongst SJiose who attended to pay a last tribute were Messrs. T. Jeremiah Williams (Maesygwernen), John Roberts, M.B. (Swan- sea), Morgan J*. Thomas, J.P. (Glanmor). Isaac Williams (Plas, Uanon), Geo. Rowe (Morriaton). Ald. John Jordan (Pareyderi). Dr. D J. Williams (LLanelly), Dr. Jonep (Untisamlet). A. JÍ. Thomas. J.P. (Llansam- let), Bees Llewelyn (Birchgrove), David Williams, D.C.. W. Webbern (Swansea), T Arnold, H.E. (Llanelly), David Jenkins (Llansamlet), David Thomas, J.P. (Bryncoad, Tirdeunaw), Edward Thomas (Birchgrove). Charles Harris (Loughor),' and Marshall S P tew art, M.E. (Swansea). People representing all sections of the community travelled by train fro?n Loughor, and workmen from t-he Broad- oak Colliery acted as bearers.

MONEY FIRST, LABOUR NEXT. I At Osurmarthen on Monday. James Di-vies, a rLAtlve of Cardiganshire, was charged under a warrant with stealing 21s. belong- ing to Thomas AsMord, his fettow lodger, at 2, Parade-roacL Thomas Ash ford, a Great Western Rail- way clerk. said that on the evening of January 20th. tiiere was 26s. in his trousets pocket. On the following morning he found 21EL missing, and the prisoner, who slept in the 3a.IIle bedroom. had gone, Polioe-Sergt. Jones said when eharged Davies replied, "I am guilty, I am very sorry. Held Constable Mayall reported that prisoner wa* at present serving a sentence of one month's imprisonment passed upon him at Llacolly last month for stealing 16s. and a cheque at Trimsaran. Prisoner was also wanted at Ferndale for theft. He pleaded guilty to this, and asked to be dEnlt with that day. The Hench agTeed to this, and sentenced him to three moTitlW hard labour, to com- mence at ibe expiration oi hia present ewteso«t L

Completely Paralysed. In a Dream She Saw Herself Cured by Dr. Cassell's Tablets. Oot some, and-Her Dream Came True. JMr?. lit un: iits, tiuullianipiou. Mrs. Hopkins, of 31, English-road, Shirley, Southampton, says:— "I was paralysed, I had to be lifted in and out of bed, and as I was placed so I lay. Medical and hospital treatment did i o good, though mas- sage, electricity, and everything possible were tried. My leg waa to all appearances dead, almost black, and with no feeling at all in it. People thought it should be taken off, but I wouldn't agree. I got Dr. Casseil's Tablets (I had dreamt they would cure me) and after a time I found I could move my foot. Then I went about on crutches, and at last walked out without any support. People cams to their doors to see me. It was a modern miracle. Kow I am ever so weil." Dr. Casseil's '?P* a a a Tablets br. Casseil's Tablets are a genuine and tested remedy for all forms of nerve or bodily weakness in old or young. They are composed of harmless ingredients, which have an invigorating effect on all the nerve centres, and are the surest remedy for:- Nervous Breakdown Kidney Disease Nerve Parsivsis Indigestion Spina! Paralysis Stasriach Disorder lnfanti?a Paralysis Mai-Nutrition Neurasthenia Wasting Diseases Nervous Debility Palpitation Slespiessness Vital Exhaustion Anaemia Old-Age Weakness 1 and are especially valuable for Nursing Mothers, and the Critical Periods of Life. All chemists and stores in all parts of the world sell Dr. O.ssell's Tablets at 10d., 1/li, and 2i9-the 2/9 size being the-most economi- cal. A Fred Trial Supply will be sent to you on receipt cf name and addfess and two penfty stamps for postage and packing. Address: Dr. Casseil's Co., Ltd. (Box P. 199), Chester-road, Manchester.

BIG ROAD SCHEME. -1 Swansea District Council and New I Penclawdd Highway. The Swansea Rural District Council met on Monday afternoon in the Alex- andra Board-room, Mr. Morgan Thomas l presiding. Dr. Trafford Mitchell, Medical Officer for Llandilo Talybont. reported seven cases of scarlet fever in Gorseinon, two in Fforestfacli, and one in Kingsbridge. One case of diphtheria was notified in Pontardulais, and one in Ftorestfaeh, but they were all sporadic cases, and no sauitary defects were discovered in con- nection with them. Attention was called to the recent floodiug of the main county road near Castle Inn, Penlliw, and a suggestion mado tHat the Surveyor be instructed to prepare plans for diverting a portion of the water along Carmel-road to the brook, and for piping along the main road. Twenty-six births were notified in Dr. Tr afford Mitchell's district, and 20 in that of Dr. Morgan. A vote of condolence was passed with Mr. Thos. Howel Jones, on the sudden and unexpected death of his sister. One of the items in the Sanitaty Com- mittee was deferred until the question of the extension of the Swansea borough I had been decir1 1 on. Plea for a Light. Mr. Herbert Morgan (Sketty) waited on the Council with reference to a lamp. He said he represented Sketty Baptist Church. That part of the road where the chapel is situated was very dark, and they thought it would he better for the community if a lamp a little lower down was removed opposite the chapel. On the face of it, said he, the application appeared selfish, but he could assure them it would be for the benefit of the community, because the chapel was on the bend of the road. They were pro- pared to pay any expense involved. Mr. Morgan was told that the Sur- veyor should report, and the Council would do what they could. The Finance Committee's report showed a balance in hand of £2,068 2s. 10d. The amount passed for payment had been £2,104 7s. 4d. Reduced Lighting Point. The Lighting Committee reported ra-I ceipt of a letter from the Gas Company? with reference to the reduced lighting re- quired by the military authorities. They wanted T. know if a reduction would be demanded; and pointed out that their expenses were precisely similar to those on the full basis of light, except with reference to the quality of light con- sumed. The committee had replied that they would do the same as the Swansea .Corporation. Rev. H. J. Stuart sent in a letter sig- nifying his ivithdi-awal from the Council. Is it Unjust? It was decided to ask him to rec<-n-< aider. The following resolution, passed by the Loughor District Council on January 26th, was submitted:— u Tha we consider, owing to tlie extraordinary traffic over the district roads, that it ia unjust to the ratepayers who have to contribute heavily towards the maintenance of highways, and sug- gest that your Council should take steps to rectify this unfair call upon the rates caused by traffic from which little or nothing is contributed towards the local rates. The Clerk explained that this was a matter of national concern, and, after a short discussion, in which its importance was emphasised, it was decided to draw the attention of local members Of Par- liament to the matter, and also to write to the District Councils' Association? Gowerton's New Road. The Clerk presented a report of the joint committee of Swansea District and Gower Councils, which met last week with reference to the proposed road from Go-verton to Penclawdd. The esti- cated cost of the road, which is to pass from Bank y Cwm under Berthlewydd railway siding, and thereafter joining the road at Penclawdd, i pkut the Pen- clawdd reservoir, is 9,7,400. The Swansea District Council has agreed to pay £3,000 of that amount. An application is to be made to the Roads Board for a grant; such grant, if received, to be applied, in the first instance, in defraying any sur- plus cost that may arise over £ 7,400; and any surplus to be credited, two fifths to the Swansea District Couicii, and three fifths to the Gower Council. A committee was appointed to carry the matter into effect. It was decided that the proposed new road between Dunvant and Gowerton should be proceeded with, and the Sur- I veyors are to prepare estimates. Arduous Labour. The Chairman said that a flood of work had been placed on the officials through preparation for opposing the Swansea borough boundary extension, and the Clerk added that both he and his staff had been working nighi and day.

-'=-- Captain W. Pillar, of the trawler Pro- vident, was presented with an illuminated address by members of the London Devonian Association at the Cannon- atrefd; JSoial on Satur(W evening. j

BANKRUPTCY CASES. I SWANSEA BUILDER WHO LOANED I £ 1,000 WITHOUT SECURITY. The examination was closed at Swan- sea Bankruptcy Court on Friday of Thomas Simm, mMal broker, whose de- ficiency was returned at 914,274. In reply to the Official Receiver, debtor said he had never said he was I perfectly solvent, and he had never shown anybody his balance sheet. A Builder's Speculation. A singular state of affairs was re- vealed at the resumed examination of John Etans. Brynfield, Bishopston, a builder and contractor, whose unsecured I liabilities were £ 1,584 ]5s. Od., and balance due to unsecured creditors, £ 480, a total of £ 2,064 15s.—Mr. G. It. -New- combo was for the debtor. Debtor was questioned at great length by the Official Receiver (Mr. Henry Rees), and in reply to him said he had not time to keep a contract book. He nad no statement of assets or liabilities, and no cash book. At Mj. Biahop; Davie*' suggestion the business was transferred to John Evans and Co.. (Newtown), Ltd. for Y,1,850 including land at Mumbles, which he acquired at 1:1,065 for speculative building, lie did not have, at the time, money to purchase the land, but he thought it was a good speculation and borrowed. He had loaned Mr. Bishop Davies, who was a member of a stockbroking fir.Lu, 21,000 in various sums, and a few days before he was said to have left the town ho promised him "0 of it back. He had no security, re- ceipt, or I.O.U. for these loans. Tho Official Receiver: What in the world possessed you to advance cheque after chequè to Mr. Bishop Davies without 11 a receipt, without an I.O.U., or without any security?—Well, I don't know. I trusted him implicitly. Mr. Davies had not paid him a penny on any of these many loans, debtor added. i The Official Receiver: As a business! man, it must strike you that you must have been exceedingly reckless with your ( niOney.Well, it strikes me now. He got round me; I don't know how it was. In answer to further questions, debtor said he had done no stock or share buying in his life, and he understood, that tho loans to Mr. Bishop Davies were private. and not for the company. Later, the Official Receiver said there were no books of account, and when he came to analyse things they were a bit mystic, Questioned why he gave the money re- ceived from the limited company to a few of the creditors, debtor said this was be- cause of threats. He did not then file a • petition, because he depended on Mr. Bishop Davies's debt being good. With that, and help from friends, he could havp squared matters. One thousand and twenty-five pounds of the debt was owing to the Midland Bank against Which they had held his house, and his mother had guaranteed his account j The examination was further adjourned. No Profits for Five Years. I. Before the Registrar (Mr. F. P. Charles) the public examination was held of Henry Lloyd, Myrtle Cottage, Bishopston, carry- ing on business at The Forge," Bishopston, as a wheelwright. It was on debtor's own petition, and he returned his gross liabilities at .£415 3s. 2d., the whole of which was expected to rank, and there was one creditor partly secured for £ 7. The assets were placed at J644 9s. 9d., leaving a deficiency of £ 377 13s. 5d Bad debts, lack of capital, and bad trade," were the causes debtor gave for his position. Mr. Seline was for the debtor, and Mr. Beddoes Nash for the creditors. In reply to the Official Receiver, debtor said bad debts were only £111 Is. 6d., and he had known of the state of his alfair for twelve months. He had to borrow in 1913 to pay trade accounts, and had made no profits on the business since trans- ferred to his name in 1909, prior to which he and his brother were partners. He had never kept a trading account. The matter was adjourned.

I EXPLOSION AT SWANSEA, I Exciting Scene. I There was a sensational incident at a Swansea establishment shortly before noon on Tuesday. The eceno was Messrs. Woolworih's bazaar at the bottom of High-street. There was a smell of gas upstairs in the enamelled goods department, where a Miss Henshaw was in charge. The as- eletant manager, Mr. N. Bradley, came on the scene, and he, it is stated, for some reason or another struck a match. There was immediately a flame and a big bang. Bradley was rather badly, burnt about the head and forehead, though not seriously, and the front part of his hair Was singed completely off. Miss Henshaw, the assistant, escaped with nothing more serious than a shock, thottgh there were signs of singeing too about her hair. The explosion occasioned a good deal of damage inside. Goods were blown about and the impact on the floor of the de- partment where the explosion occurred sent the ceiling of the office below flying. Fortunately the lady clerk was away at dinner at the time, nd there were no asstetants under the fall. The shop was at once closed, but will, it is expected, be opened again this afternoon. Bradley was taken by P.C. Tovey to the hospital after receiving firot aid.

I SWANSEA RECHABITES WITH COLOURS. I The aiinnal meeting of the Swansea District of the Independent Order of Rechabites was held at Mount Pleasant schoolroom, Bro. A. J. Evans, D.C.R., presiding. The membership has in- creased by 33 to 2,419 during the year, a very satisfactory result, and due chiefly to the work amongst the juveniles during the past ten years. The representatives decided to make a levy of 6d. per quarter to cover the contributions of the mem-! bers, about 300, who have joined the colours. In view of the distress in the town it was gratifying to learn from a member of the distress committee of one of the large industrial wards that not a single application had been made on bp- half of a Rechabite. Sympathy was ex- pressed and a tribute paid to the memory of the late Bro. Griffith Davies, J.P.. who for many years was a faithful officer with the Swansea district. The follow- ing officers were appointed for 1915:- 1 District chief ruler, Bro. David Griffiths (Llansamlet); district deputy ruler, Bro W. J. Bryant; district secretary, IEI?.? G. H. Tasker; district treasurer, Bro. W. J Morgan; district guardian, Bro. B. J Evans; past district chief rulers on Executive, Bro. A. J. Evans. R. II. Smith, W. Newcombe; district superin- tendent of juvenile tents, Bro. W. J. Harries; assistant D.S.J.T., B-ro. D. D. Roberts; representatives to H.M.C., Bros. Henry Cole, Samuel Rees, and D. If., Symons; auditors, Bros. B. T. Charles and D. Rowlands; tent book examiners, Bros. D. B. Jenkins and B. J. Evans.

I Private Blank's 25.000. 1 This is said by the London oorpeapondejLt of the Manchester Gu" to be one of the many trae stories cf the new Army which airo going about, the Wee Offioo cor- ridors :— The SaxweazA (to the ooloneJl: I>rrv&t« Blamk vnurbs to make a statement, air. CNcw, then, Blank.) Private Blank: I tviflfo. to give £ 5,000 to the regimental fund. The Oolonel: I'll take three. The Sargea-nt: (TH&VU do, Blank.) [Siffht turn- <jujck marolk >

I FIERCE FIGHTING. ENEMY ATTEMPT A SURPRISE. I (By "Eye-Witness.") j On Tuesday, the 19th, the chief event was a successful raid carried out by us against G rust files, some 12 miles to the west of Bruges. In spite of very misty weather and a certain amount of wind, our aeroplanes reached their destination about dawn, and Hying very low dropped several bombs on certain sheds which formed their objective- Exactly what damage was done it is not possible to state, but it is known to have been con- siderable. On our right we made some excellent practice with bombs from trench mortars against the Germans attempting to repair their parapets. During the night the enemy opposite the same part of our line were busily occupied in baling water from their trenches. On Wednesday on our right our guns in one place damaged a German redoubt, and in another drove the occupants from a trench. Our mortars also were active, and made good practice against the enemy's saps and trenches and some houses. The River Lys- rose 51 inches during the day. On Thursday, the 21st, all action was confined to that of artillery proper and short range ordnance. By the former a German battery was silenced, a single gun was knocked out, and a pumping station was forced to cease work. The trench mortars again did considerable execution against some enemy's saps, their effective- ness being much heightened by shrapnel fire from the field guns. The Germans were evidently still much troubled by water in their trenches. Friday, the 22nd, was sunny, with I some frost and not much wind-in fact. as perfect a day for aviation as can bo expected at this time of the year, and the, Germans took advantage of the weather, to make an aerial raid on a large scale gainst Dunkirk. The details- are as fol- i lows:— One of our aeroplanes, a single-seater,' was on patrol duty, when the observer, saw several machines approaohing. He at once gave chase to the first hostile machine, and opened fire on it. Mean- while two other British machines started from the ground. It took them some little time to ascend the height of 6,000 feet, at Which the action in the air was proceeding, during which the British machine which had been on patrol had succeeded in driving off with its fire the two leading German machines. Ten others, however, had come up by the time that the three British machines were all in action. After the German had dropped several bombs over the har- bour and town the whole turned and flew back towards their lines. Our aeroplanes pursued and brought down one German machine by a bullet through one of its cylinders. The aero/ plane was captured, together with its pilot and observer, and eight unexploded bombs. The observer was armed with a double-barrelled pistol for firing chain shot. In the face of the heavy odds against them this feat on the part of oui I aviators was distinctly meritorious. The damage done by the raiders was I slight. In tk« right centre and on our right our trench mortars had some success. On some parts of our front it has been! noticed that the Germans are firing a new' type of high explosive shell, its visible characteristics being that it detonates with a oloud of thick white note. Their1 minenwerfer (trench mortar) ;■ l?o occa-! sionally throws a very large bomb or aerial torpedo. It is three feet nine inches in length, nearly ten inches in diameter, and with its bursting charge1 of about one hundred pounds of high cx-l plosive weighs just over two hundred pounds. The anticipations of the enemy as to the possible duration of the war are also; shown by the measures they are taking to prepare for the occurrence of any shortage in oertain classes of food In some towns orders have been issued that all kitchen refuse which is not required by the inhabitants to feed their own ani- mals should be saved and handed over to the authorities, while efforts have been made to guage the public taste in the j matter of preserved meat by selling; salted beef, mutton, and pork at cost price. Though much has been said and written about the artillery that is being used against us, some description of it may not be out of place. It consists, like our own, of guns and howitzers. This state- ment may possibly need a little elucida- tion for some readers- The difference be- tween two classes of ordnance, both of which are breech-loading and rifled, is that the gun is fired with a heavy charge and throws a shell with high Velocity, giving long range and flat trajectory while the howitzer using a small charge throws its projectile with less velocity and curved trajectory" and has of course, a shorter range. The latter weapon, therefore, is better suited than a gun for indirect fire from behind shelter such as a hill. It gives better results against troops behind cover, its shells having greater searching effect owing to the steep angle at which they fall and being less likely to recochet. It also possesses another advantage. On account of the smaller charge the strain produced in a howitzer by firing a shell would be less than that produced in a gun throwing a projectile of the same weight, and the howitzer couhl, therefore, be a lighter and more mobile piece. It follows that howit- zers can fire a heavier projectile than can a gun of the same weight. This point has been exploited to the full by the Germans as may have been gathered. One feature of the present war has been the employment by them of a great num- ber of howitzers of large calibre. To take Tt* first class of ordnance, which i-s most numerous in every field army—the field artillery. The German field gun is a qnick-firing piece of 77 millimetres, or 3.03 inches calibre, which is much the same as that of our own 3.3 inches. It fires both common shell and shrapnel. The former is fitted wi-th high explosive, which is detonated by either time or percussion fuse. The shrapnel is burst in the same way. The heavier gun, such as those of 10 and 13 centimetres calibre, though classified as siege artillery, are used by the Germans in the field. The latter is drawn by motor, and if transported on and fired from a special carriage. The wheein of this are provided with u "wheel belt," which consists of a series of feet arranged eo as to distribute the pressure [produced by the shock of the discharge of the howitzers, to the employment of which in field warfare the Germans have devoted so much attention. There aT.- several ai!?, the smallest being hitherto al(me ca11ed a field P.1ê. The light neld howitzer of 10-5 o.m or ?6-13 inches calibre .tir. & proj?ctil? known as the Einheitsgeschoss," or universal shell. This is a shell carrying hrapnel bullets and high explofrive burst- ing charge, and capable of acting in a dual capacity either as shrapnel or coni- mon shell. Ita range is not quite eo great as that of the field gun. The heavy fields howitzer of 15 c.m. or 5.9 inches calibre fires common shell loaded with high explosive. There are also two pieces which are called "mortars," though they are really howitzers. The 21 c.m. mortar of 21 c.m. or 8.27 inches calibre i fires conunon shell containing a high ex-1 plosive charge. The carriage of this piece also has belted wheels. The Krupp 2S c.m. mortar, a howitzer of 28 a.m (11.2 inches) calibre, is employed not j only to bombard, fortresses, but in fieltl f| actions it fires common shell loaded with ( high explosive. j Austrian howitzers of approximately 12-inak calibre are also tauig used by the ¡ Germans. They fire a similar projectile to that of the mortars. In addition to the above there is the now celebrated Krupp siege howitzer of I 42 c.m. or 16.8-inch calibre. This fires a common shell loaded with high explosive, and has a considerably greater range than the 28 c.m. mortar. Since allusion has been made to a mortar it may be well to explain the distinction between it a.nd a howitzer. A mortar is a high angle fire smooth bore, muzzle-loading piece which is fired at a fixed elevation, variations in range being obtained by alterations to the charge. A howitzer is also a high angled fire piece, but it is rifled and breach-roading, variations in range being obtained by alterations in the charge, combined with adjustment in elevation.* The two terms, however, are now used rather indiscriminately. The nicknames bestowed on the various projectiles by our soldiers have not been allotted scientifically nor on any definite system, and it is not exactly clear to which they apply. For instance the shell of the 8.27in. and the 11.2in. howitzers are indiscriminately termed "Ja ;k John- eons," "Black Marias," and 'Portman- teaux." But it is without doubt the ein- heitsgeschoss of the 4.13in. light howit- zers, burst by time fuse, that goes by the name of the "Woolly bear." The essen- tial difference between shrapnel and common shell is that the former contains a number of round bullets or balls and the latter does not. Both types have burst- ing charges, shrapnel either of powder or high explosive, and the common shell of high explosive. In the employment of I shrapnel, which is. most effective against troops in the open, the object is to burst l the shell by fuse above and in front of J the target. 13alls are then ehot forward I in a shower over the troops attacked. Common shell is .employed for the de- I struction of buildings or cover, and is usually detonated by a percussion, fuse on ¡' impact with the target. Its man-killing effect is produced by a number of splin- ters of the thick metal walls which arc flung in all directions by the shock of detonation and by the falling of the de- bris caused. In earth is blasts craters which vary in size according to the size of the shell and the depth to which it penetrates before it explodes. Common shell can also be detonated in the air by time fuse above troops. It then acts much in the same way as shrapnel, but splinters fly in all directions and not only forwards as the balls of a shrapnel shell. On Saturday, the 23rd, on the left good results were obtained by our artillery, whole stretches of parapet in the German trenches being swept away. On the right, in the neighbourhood od La Baseee Canal, our trench mortars landed several bombs in a German sap. Our guns also forced an observation balloon to descend and drove oif two German aeroplanes. A new type of machine approached our lines. Its novel shape evidently misled fibe German gunners, for on its return they opened fixe on it until it signalled its identity by starlights. Sunday was fine, and there was a con- tinued fall in the level of the River Lys, which a few days ago had risen to the maximum height dt has attained this winter. There was considerable artillery activity south of La Bassee Canal, on the right centre, one of our shells blowing up a German magazine. On Monday, the 25th. the comparative quiet of the past few days was broken by the sudden assumption of the offensive on the part of the enemy. Early in the morning the German artillery opened a heavy fire upon the right of our line and the area behind it. This bombardment was evidently the prelude to an attack in force, and our guns replied by shelling La Bassee and the railway triangle. At eight a.m. the Germans launched an assault against the BriLish and French on the south of the canal, and at one point penetrated our line. About the same time they also attacked heavily our troops at Givenchy, north of the canal, and, passing over our front trenches, temporarily gained a foothold in the place. But as their infantry surged for- ward through the village our men met them with cold steel, killing 100 with the bayonet. The fighting then proceeded for some hours at close quarters, but by noon we had re-occupied the whole of our original trenches round the village. The Germans showed the utmost determina- tion in this quarter, delivering no less than five attacks on the north-east corner of Givenchy. In these their losses were very heavy, several scattered bodies which had succeeded in penetrating our line being killed practically to a man. I Our casualties in this part of the fight were comparatively light. Meanwhile, on the south of the canal, the struggle was fiercely contested throughout the day. The Germans ad- vanced along the main road, were caught by the fire of our machine-guns, and left the ground littered with dead bodies, to the estimated number of S00, and as they came along the railway embankment were also subjected to machine-gun firo and suffered gre; tlv. But, as has been said, they managed to penetrate our lino at one point. By a counter-attack, how- ever, undertaken about one p.m., in co- operation with the French, the allies drove them back. Though we did not win back our original position, we established ourselves in a fresh line close behind it. A great part of the arca where this fight- iug took place consists of brickfields, where both sides fought hand to hand. During the day we captured 53 prisoners, including two officers. The total casualties of the Germans are reported to have amounted to considerably over one thousand in their effort against our line. Against the French, also, to the south of us, their attacks were repulsed with slaughter. They showed considerable activity at many other points on our front. They subjected our right centre to a heavy bombardment by trench mortars and artillery, and also made an attack in some strength on the French east of Ypres, in the neighbourhood of Zonne- beke. Here they were repulsed with ease in an abortive attempt at a surprise, leaving 300 dead bodies hanging on their wire entanglements. In Givenchy village the fighting was of a most desperate nature, being in many cases at close quarters. Our men in many cases fought with bayonets in their hands, and even knocked out many Germans with their fists. A story is told of ono man who broke into a house held by eight Germans, bayoneted four, and cap- tured the rest, while he continued to suck a clay pipe. On the whole, it may he said that January 25 was a bad day for the enemy in this portion of their line. They paid very dearly for the one small gain in ground they achieved. Tuesday, the 26th, was quiet, except for artillery fire at different points along our line. The evidence as to the methods and behaviour of the enemy which is obtained from inhabitants must necessarily be ac- cepted with caution, but there axe cer- tain reports which appear to be cor- roborated from various sources of in- formation. One of these is that in many of the districts occupied by the Germans pil- laging is carried out on an organised system, the houses being ransacked and their contents loaded on to trains and sent to Germany. Another is that men of military age have been seized and sent to Germany, and that civilians in many cases have been forcibly employed on military labour. The care that has been taken of Bri- tish soldiers' graves by the inhabitants in this part of the country has already been noted, but it is not only in. Flanders that we are indebted to them for this service. Officers who have tra- velled along the French linos and along the districts traversed by our army in the retirement and the advance to tho Aisne bear witness to the touching en- deavours of the French peasant to tend and beautify the last resting-places of their allies, it being apparently a point of honour with them to bestow as much care on them as on those of their own dead. It will be learnt with sorrow that the regimental pet goat of a certain famous regiment hat. died on active, ser- vice. [This evidently refers to the loss of .thIJ goat of the Welsh Regiment. One of tha last anecdotes about this famous animal was told in the "Herald" in a letter written by Sergeant Edgar Davies, 2nd Welsh, now a prisoner of war, in which be spoke; of a stray goat joining tho,regis mental pet on the march.]

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MORRISTON GAS WORKS. Local Company Proceeding With Latest Enterprise. Presiding at the annual general meet. ing of the Swansea Gas Light Company, held Tuesday, Mr. John Glasbrook nbated that the business of the company, to some extent, had been affected by the war, par- ticularly in the poor markets for residual products. As to coke, it was the company's inten- tion within the next week or so to under- take the delivery of coke, which is a low priced smokeless fuel, in bags to custom- ers' houses in Swansea. The prices of coal and raw materials had largely increased, and this would have to be taken very eeriously into con- sideration in the near future. Meanwhile the company had been fortunate in mak- ing some favourable contracts during the middle of last year, which would help them at the beginning of this present year. The Chairman stated that the business transacted at the company's showrooms, (;4, WiDd-etreet, had entirely justified the step taken by the directors. The high pressure gas installations in Iligh-street. which were much admired, were only the beginning of a larger scheme for endea- vouring to improve the lighting in the shopping areas ox Swansea. Full Parliamentary Powers having been given the Company on their new site at Morriston, preliminary operations for a new works had already commenced, and it was the Board's intention to pro- ceed, as soon as circumstances permitted, with the construction of a large gas- holder. The Company had very largely in- creased the number of their consumers during the year, and over a thousand more cookers had been put into use. In connection with the latter, the Chair- man mentioned that the whole of the cooking at the Drill Hall and Old Traib- ing College for the military billetted in the town was done by gas. The increase in the demand for gas was maintained, and the balance of surplus profits carried to next account amounted to el4,671 10s. 9d. The resolution adopting the accounts was then carried unanimously, as also was a motion declaring the usual statu- tory dividend.,

Prince George of Serbia has arrived at Marseilles. He will go to the Riviera in order to complete his convalescence fol- lowing wounds received in the war. The Cardiff Free Churches Federation are compiling a list of mew-bers with tlio forces, and the secretary. Rev. Cadwaladr Parry, is asking churches to supply the names so that a complete record may be kept.

SIFWi B1 IF6* For selling 12 Packets of Kew j E SMbtt Id. per Pa,keL TO &4vprtw onr fairous X,,3w 6,wlS W" prive (?v.ry riaier of thim Me W..Rn i fi?,ut 12 P-k,,to It ewli. Onr Pri7,? rast miiti i ? gniz, Gen 'a es ? 4w s and i,, to e" w mwrm? iavfmkardwat doi, ,,nd we till .-d vou a i Id. V& fft the ..t,?y obt-i.d nd *6 ,ill Im?,?ll.telv lo'c*wd gift dh ,In Ml amordint to the 0-" um w. 7ou. cloll-i i yrtjja BtvOwAwii 3cow.