The Brecon Radnor Express Carmarthen and Swansea Valley Gazette and Brynmawr District Advertiser

0 CYCLING. The Saddle Trouble. The condition into which our road, are being allowed to sink (I use the word in a double sense) is making saddle trouble a very eerious question for all cyclists. Before the war saddles were made to suit reasonably good roads, and efforts had been concentrated on pro- ducing springs which, while strong enough, were as light as possible. But these springs will not endure pot- holed roads, and, consequently, spring breakages are be- coming increasingly common. Matters are not improved by the fact that most of the leading saddle-makers are engaged on Army work, aid. therefore. there is a short- age of the best saddles. have to put up with what ke can get. In theise circumstances, in buying a saddle, get one rather heavier and stronger than you would re. quire in normal time6. A broken saddle spring does not make a bicycle unrideable, but it i6 not an ideal of comfort. If it is a lateral spring that breaks, you can often move the spring along, so that both the broken ends will be caught in the clip, and this will get you home. If a coil spring breaks, try fastening the broken coil with some wire (always useful in the tool bag), or. failing that. some stout string-till you get home. Then be as nice possible to the repairer to induce him not to keep you waiting till winter until you can get the saddle back repaired, and if he has a cheap one, to serve in the meantime, buy it. Saddles sent away to be repaired are usually a long time before com- ing home again. That Super-Bicycle. j A desultory argument is going on over a propo,i. tion for a super. bicycle, but its weakness is that it con- centrates mainly on the question of weight. Given equality in other items, a light bicycle should be bett-er than a heavy one, but lightness may be obtained at too great a cost. The essence of superiority in a bicycle lies in the rigidity of its drive (I am presuming that the bearings are automatically of the best). Almost any- thing will do to trundle along a level road. It is hill- climbing that tests the machine. If it "gives" at all un- der pressure, a great deal of the applied power is lost, and the hill is hard to climb. See that your bicycle is rigid as a rock from bracket to back hub. Herein lies one of the secrets of the difference between the best bicycles and the other sort. The best machines are de- signed and built with a rigid driver-rigidity is one of the greatest attributes. The same factor?hould be ap- parent in the whole frame, but especially in the drive. As for weight, that largely depends on saddle, tvres. accessories and a dozen odds and ends, and I have not much faith in it as a deciding factor. I recall once hav- ing in my possession a machine, weighing 42 lbs., which was much faster over an up-and-down course than an- other I had weighing but 23 lbs. One machine wa.s rigid. The other gave under every stroke. These, of course. were extreme cases, but they illustrate the argument. Given supreme rigiditv and good bearings, one is near enough to the super-bicycle. The rest is largely a ques- tion of one's personal likes ana dislikes.

MOTOR-CYCLING. Look After Your Control Wires. The greatest danger to guard against with wire con- trols is rust. If they are neglected they soon become rikjty. and this very speedily causes them to break, with all its attendant troubles. Dressings of vaseline on all exposed parts is a good plan, and a strip of valve- tubing over the cable is also an effective safeguard against rust. When you have to cut the wire at an point, be sure and solder the strands together. In fit- ting a new nipple on to the cut, spread out the strands of wire like the petals of a flower and drop a small blob of solder into the centre, seeing that the solder runs right through the nipple. In re-fitting control wires, keep them as tight as possible, with the adjuster at its highest level. This will alio* for taking up any slack. Avoid all, sharp angles. A right-angled bond is just askins for trouble. 1 The Weight of a Motor-Cycle. During the two seasons immediately preceding the out- break of war there was a great tendency among manu- facturers to increase the weight of the machine., they turned out. I am strongly of opinion, however, that the greatest demand, when the war is over, will be for light-weight, while the very heavy machines will be largely at a discount. The increase in weight is account- ed for in several ways. Tyres are larger, the frame is more strongly built,and fittings all-round have increased in weight. A chain-driven machine, one fitted with a gear box. is jauch heavier than one of the older types of machine. This tendency, too, appears to be that weights will rise, and, if so, it can have but one result. The higher powered motor-cycles will be used exclusively j for side-car work, whereas sole riders will select light- engined machines—hence it is to be hoped that makers will carefully consider the question. The demand for light weights will probably be heavier than ever in the future, while the heavy high-powered machine will only have a limited sale.

MOTORING. Are Safty Bolts Needed? If I were asked this question I should certainly an- swer it in the negative. I don't think they are neces- ..ary at all-more than this, I don't see that they pos- sess any advantages. I have a car which I have now driven over 30,000 miles, and I have never used them, and. moreover, have never felt the need of them. So far as I can see, they have not a single thing to recom- mend them. As a matter of fact, it is even quite safe I to drive without a valve-bolt. The disadvantage of this, however, is that, if the tyre bursts, the air tube us liable to be torn to ribbons before the car can be pulled up. For this reason, therefore, valve bolts should always be fitted. It is quite another matter with racing cars, for, if the tyre bursts when travelling at a great speed, the outer cover is very liable to come away, probably with the most disastrous results. But, for ordinary purposes, safety bolts are quite unnecessary. At least that is my experience. I Brake Application. I To stop a car quickly in case of emergency, it is a mis- tak-o--apart altogether from the danger of skidding and the injury to the tyres-to apply the brakes so as to lock the wheels. Much better results are obtained by applying the maximum amount of power to the brakes short of this. Some very interesting trials have just taken place in America, reported in the "Commercial Car Journal" of Chicago, showing the braking power of a 3t ton loaded wagon on an asphalt surface lightly covered with asphalt slush. The object was to test the efficiency of a brake equalising feature of the chassis in the prevention of sideslip. Three trials were made, one with 3! ton., on board, another with 4! tons load, and I the third without a load at all. The uninitiated would have expected the distance required to stop the vehicle after brake application to be in inverse ratio to the loads carried-in other words, that the empty wagon would have been stopped in a much less space than the one with the heavier load. In the result, however, with 4i tons on board, the wagon was stopped in 18 ft., with 3i ton load in 19 ft.. but it took 24 ft. in which to pull the emntv truck up. I THE HUB. I

I HYMN COMPETITION. I Prime Minister Autographs the Prize. CANON EDMUND 0. JONES THE I ADJUDICATOR. Competition for the best English translation of the Welsh hymn. Os dof fi dmwy'r anialweh," is being conducted by a "Welsli daily. The one selected is the Prime Minister's favourite hymn,and a prose rendering written by himself, appears in the "Strand Magazine" for August. The prize ottered for the best nic?trica; translation consists of Mr Du Part's "Life of David Lloyd George," in four volumes. The work has been specially autographed by the Prime Minister for pre- sentation to the winner in this competition. The task of adjudicating the translations has been accepted by Canon Edmund O. Jones, M.A., the scholarly vicar of Llanidloes, who has long been ac- corded premier place among our most successful interpreters of Welsh poetry in English. He is the author of "Welsh Poets of To-day and Yesterday," published in 1901. This work contains many trans- lations of the highest merit, particularly of Ceiriog and Mynyddeg. Canon Jones is a son of the well-known Rector Jones, of Barmouth, and was one time a master at Clirist College, Brecon.

I Native of Beaufort. I NOTABLE FIGURE PASSES AWAY. i By the death of Mr John Edmunds at his residence, Arfryn, Cardiff-Road, Bargoed, on Saturday, Rhym- nev Vallev loses one of its oldest and most notable characters. Deceased was 83 years of age, and hailed from an old Welsh stock. He was born at Beaufort, Breconshire, in 1833, and, by reason of an extraordin- arily retentive memory, was able to recount stirring events in the history of Wales during the last seventy years. He well remembered the Chartist riots and the cholera epidemic which raged over the districts of Brynmawr, Beaufort, Sirhowy, Nantyglo, and Trede- gar, the great revival which broke out in the Churches at that time, and the wonderful scenes which marked the religious revival of 1H57. Mr Edmunds started life in the mine at the age of nine, and after working as weigher, banksman and overman, he became colliery manager for many years at Aberbeeg, Llanhilleth, Cwmstiog, and other places. He also carried out mining undertakings on his own account near Pontllaufraith. During this period lie found time to render great public service, for, he was a member of various public authorities in the county of Monmouth. An ardent church worker for half a century, he assisted in establishing many chapels, and at the time of his death was senior deacon and secretary of Taber- nacle Welsh Congregational Chapel, Gilfacli, Bargoed. He had rendered great service in the interest of educa- tion in the Rhymney Valley, co-operating many years ago with the late Mr Walter Hogg and other promi- nent educationists in establishing day schools and libraries in the upper part of the valley.

THE CAMBRIAN CYCLE & MOTOR WORKS, BD ILT H WELLS. EVAN JARMAN, Agent for Singer's, Rover, Bradbury's, Rudge-Whitworth's, New Hudson, B.S.A., Chase Cycles, & Various Makes of Cycles, Motor Cvcles & Cycle Cars. LADIES' CYCLES-OUR LEADING 1917 LINE. MACHINES on Hire, Bought, Sold or Exchanged. Repairs of all Kinds with Promptitude and Skill. All Accessories in Stock. LARGE STOCK OF CYCLE-COVERS AND TUBES. Close to Wye Bridge, Builth Wells, & Strand House Motor-Car for Hire on Reasonable Terms

Mesopotamia. A Geography Lesson. PRESTEIGN SOLDIER'S DESCRIPTION. CorpI. W. E. A. Pugh, of the R.F.C., writes a very in- teresting letter to Mr A. Howard Smith, M.A., head- master of the Presteign County School, which gives a very lucid description of the nature of the country in which the British and Indian forces are operating in Mesopotamia. Corpl. Pugh say, :The land lying between the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates) is, as you say, very fertile, but is only cultivated near to the river and that in some places. Great tracts of land in this area are lying waste only for the want of proper irrigation. Many years ago it was highly cultivated and the remains of erior- mous irrigation schemes are still to be seen in the presence of canals and barrages, but now with the ex- ception of a few places, only land on the river banks are artificially irrigated, and these by very crud46 Arab water lifts, the water being lifted out of the river on skins (pulled by horses or bullocks.) and distributed round the fields by little canals. The river Euphrates has changed its course, the new channel joining the Tigris at Basra, the old at Quarmah (the site of the garden of Eden). The changing of the course probably accounts for the drying up of a very fertile area in the Babylonian plains which at one time paid a revenue of R57,600 a year, and here a scheme, started by Sir W. Wilcock, has recently been completed by the Turkish Government. It is a huge construction called "The Hundiyah barrage," with bug gates with which they regulate the flow of water. It is situated at Hillah (a few miles from the ruins of Babylon) a place where the Euphrates divides into two branches. This con- struction is on the very same spot as one of the very old irrigation schemes which was in use up to about 50 years ago. but the time when these plains were most prosperous was in the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Pers- ian Empires; the soil is of a sandy, clayey nature. Of course, as you will know, Mesopotamia depends more upon her dates than almokst anything else, and one sees date palms dotted all over the place, but coming up the Shatt-el-Arab (the part where the two rivers run to the sea) there are tremendous date groves, in fact right from the sea to Quarmah, the banks are lined with date palms, after which one sees very few, in fact from Amarah to Kut, one hardly sees any date palms, nor sign of cultivation of any sort, and the Arab in this part lives in a very primitive fashion indeed, and is of a very bad character. His little villages consist of mud and reed huts, the country is very thinly popu- lated, but all along the banks one can see that it has once been ploughed land. Kut to Bagdad is rather more thickly populated, but. from Bagdad the country takes in quite a different aspect, having small villages on either bank with numerous little farms watered by the Arab water lifts. Here right up to Bagdad, are grown dates, figs, oranges, mulberries, pomegranates, grapes, barley, wheat, opium, lettuce, cucumbers, peaches, apples and rice. I believe that much the same is grown on the Euphratets. The value of grain, barley, and wheat exported from this country in 1009 was R600,000, and the average amount of wheat exported from Bagdad was 15,000 tons. Corn is sown about November and December, and harvested in May and June. At Kut-el-Amara, there is a liquorice factory. There is a good deal of sheep, cattle and horse rearing carried on, but the pasturage is very bad between the two rivers, consisting principally of desert, with shrubs, and rough grass. but the pasturage beyond Bagdad and irr the Persian hill-side is fairly good particularly on the now famus Diala River, and the place where our aeroplanes just visited the Russians. In 1905 a tax was levied on 57,000 buffaloes, and 122,000 sheep. Wool was at one time the largest item of export after dates. but it is not so now. The total value of exports from Bashra a few years ago was over R504,000, half of which came from Bagdad. The country generally is very thinly populated, the only towns of any size being Bagdad (145,000), Karbara (65,000), Bashra (600,000), Hillah (30,000), Nayap (12,000), Amarah (10,000), Nasir- iyah (10,000). Quarrah (5,000), Kut (4,000), and Masaiyah (6,000). Then beyond Bagdad is Samara, possibly about 80,000. I don't know why Bagdad is placed where it is; it was founded in the year 750 A.D., I believe, and is at the highest part of the river which is easily navigable by large boats. The people get their living principally by fruit, sheep and cattle farming, but hundreds are employed in the making of boats, fur- niture, copper goods, curing of ckins and fishing. There are hundreds of shops. of all kinds, kept generally by Armenians; it is of course a great centre of commerce, all caravan routes leading to it. Bagdad stands on both sides of the river, the modern portion being on the left, and the very old on the right. The old part is almost entirely surrounded by orange, date and fig groves; there was an old city wall but this has now been almost entirely demolished; it was built of brick. There are many brickyards also on this side. The width of the river here is 250 yards, and about 30 yards deep, but durin? yards deep, but during floods is considerably deeper. The climate, as you know, is excessively hot, but there is a very short- spell of cool weather, namely, Decem- ber and January, when the temperature may be as low as 45 easily in the morning, but would be quite 85 de- grees at mid-day. This seems quite cool after experi- encing a summer temperature of 110 to 130. These tem- peratures are, of course; the very hottest about August. It is now (May) about 105 decrees (these temperatures are in the shade, but 132 degrees is very extreme, which we only had, I believe, one day). One is likely to get rain any time from December to January, and, when it does rain, it is terrific-much worse than any thunderstorms we have in England-and is often ac- companied with very heavy thunder and lightning-in fact, it very often lightens here, and the lightning is very brilliant. We often get strong winds at all times. They are very refreshing in the summer. The prevail- ing wind is N.E., and it is called "shamal." It some- times blows for a month at a time. The seasons are:— Winter, December to February: spring. March to May; summer, June to Sept-ember; and autumn, October and November. The marshes, I should say, are caused by the overflowing of the river—for instance, we were camped for 5 months between the Suwada marsh and the river (by the Sanna-i-yat position). The marsh all the summer is dry, but, when the river rises, the marsh becomes one huge lake. The river rises very quickly, and at the camp it rose in three days right to the top of its banks 12 to 15 feet. It has then a tre- mendously strong current (4 miles per hour)."

Hay Officer's D.S.O. HOW HE WON IT. Captain (Temporary Major) Arthur Llewellyn Baldwin Green (Herefordshire Regiment), who has been awarded the D.S.O. in recognition of gallantry and devotion to duty in the field, is associated with the Hay district of Herefordshire, where he is held in very hiph esteem. The official record of liis deed reads:- For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He led his men with great dash and determination in an attack, and, although wounded, refused to leave them until lie received a further severe wound, which frac- tured his thigh.

I IS EXCELLENT FOR | =g Mother Seigel's Syrup is an ideal blend of == |g| nearly a dozen medicinal roots. barks. and = leaves. Hence its remarkable rccord of Hp = relief to sufferers from stomach :ind liver == ||g troubles Try 30 drops, tft,?- nic;ils. for =5 a little wbile. Note the spe.-dv "I;i,, ?MDi?E??

Oaring Brecon Airman. HOW LOCAL OFFICER WON MILITARY CROSS. Mrs Mayberry, of the Priory, Brecon, has received news that her son, Lieutenant R. A. Mayberry, Lancers and Royal Flying Corps, has been awarded the Military Cross. The acts of gallantry for which the decoration has been given are thus described — Even more remarkable was the experience of a young pilot, who hunted a motor-car, containing officers along a road, firing at it from 50 feet above it until one of the officers begun returning the fire with his revolver. Not wanting to have unfair odds on his side, the pilot abandoned his machine-gun and also drew his own revolver and fought the German on equal terms. The car stopped suddenly at a house by the roadside, and when the pilot bad circled and come back, people were Qntering the house with an officer from the car. The airman fired a few rounds into the house and a Verey light into the car in the hope of setting it on tire, and then left the scene to rest for a while iv the clouds. He came down again to attack a party of infantry crossing a bridge, and when they had got over he counted five dead bodies lying on the bridge. He spent the rest of his time firing into trenches, and running the gauntlet of rifles, machine- guns. and Archies,' and finally got home after a reasonably exciting day."

I Horse Chestnuts I Will Help Win the War. I THIS YEAR'S CROP TO BE HARVESTED. I SCHOOL-CHILDREN'S OPPORTUNITY. i The following circular has just been issued by the Board of Education to local education authorities and secondary schools:- "The Board of Education have been requested by the Minister of Munitions and the Food Controller to bring the following scheme to the notice of School Authorities, Governing Bodies and Teachers and to request their Assistance in giving effect to it. A considerable quantity of grain is at present being used in certain industrial processes which are essential to the prosecution of the war. In order to set this grain free for human consumption experiments have been made to discover a substitute which could be utilised for the industrial processes concerned, and a substitute suitable in every respect has been found in the horse-chestnut. The experiments prove that for every ton of horse chestnuts which are harvested half a ton of grain can be saved for human consumption. The horse-chestnut therefore, though itself totally un- fit for food, can be utilised indirectly to increase the national food supply. It is therefore urgently necessary that this year's crop of horse-chestnuts should be harvested. In pres- ent circumstances it is felt that school children could give most valuable assistance in collecting the chest- nuts and by so doing make a definite contribution to national efficiency. It is suggested therefore that the Governing Bodies, Managers and Teachers of Schools should organise the efforts of the children for the pur- pose. To effect this a small committee might be formed in connection with each school or convenient group of schools to undertake the organising work in connection with the scheme in the district concerned and to answer enquiries. It is understood that in many districts the scheme has already been taken up by private individuals and it is obviously desirable that all persons undertaking work in connection with the scheme should cooperate with one another. One of the duties of such a committee as is suggested above would be to see that the chestnuts gathered in their district are collected in a heap in some convenient place( preferably under cover. Exposure to the weather will not, however, damage the nuts provided that the interior of the heap does not heat. The nuts suffer no harm from lying on the ground where they fall. They may therefore be collected either from the trees or from the ground after being shed as may be the more convenient. Before being deposited at the collecting station they should be freed from the outer green husk, the shells of the nuts being left intact. If the husks are not removed, heat- ing of the heap6 will certainly take place. A limited number of sacks and baskets are available for the collection of the nuts and where there is any difficulty in obtaining bags or baskets locally, applica- tion should be made to the Director of Propellant Sup- plies, Ministry of Munitions, 32, Old Queen Street, London, S.W. 1. When the collection is complete the committee should inform the Director of Propellant Supplies as above, stating the estimated quantity of the collection, and the Ministry of Munitions will arrange to remove the nuts and forward them to the factories in the course of the winter. Further copies of this circular can be obtained on ap- plication to the Secretary, Board of Education, Vic- toria and Albert Museum. Exhibition Road, South Ken- sington, London, S.W. 7.

I New Pitwood Scheme. I HOME-GROWN SUPPLIES FOR WELSH I COALFIELD. Mr Finlay Gibson (secretary of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Colliery Owners' Pitwood Associa- tion) has received from the Controller of Coal Mines a demarcated map showing the areas from which British coalfields are to draw their supplies of home-grown timber for the working of the coal mines. The prin- ciple followed by the Controller in the preparation of this scheme of distribution is similar to that followed under his recently issued Coal Transport Reorganisa- tion Order, and the purpose of the stheme is to economise inland Transport facilities by restricting long-distance journeys as far as practibablc and to prevent overlapping of areas from which the several coalfields are drawing their supplies of home-grown timber. It had been pointed out to the Controller that it was illconsisteu with the principles of his coal transport scheme that timber, hewn in Cardiganshire, should be carried by rail to Northumberland, and that this anomaly might be removed and the work of the various district pitwood committees co-ordinated by making coal-fields dependent for their home-grown supplies on the more adjacent forests. The map now issued by the Controller indicates the lines on which he is proceeding to meet these views. England, Wales, and Scotland have been split up into eight districts to be controlled by the pitwood com- mittees for such districts. The area of supply for the South Wales coalfield is No. 6 on the map and it in- cludes the forests and woods in the counties of Cardi- gan, Brecknock, Radnor, Pembroke, Carmarthen, Glamorgan, Monmouth, Cornwall, Devon, Somerset (the greater part), Dorset, Wilts (except a small por- tion), Berks, and Hants. For the Forest of Dean and the Bristol coalfields, the area of supply is restricted to Gloucestershire, a small portiou of Herefordshire, and a small portion of Wiltshire.

I Late Lieut. E. L. Jones. I I HIS BlILTH ASSOCIATIONS. I We regret to record the death, as the result of active service, at Bedford House Military Hospital for Officers, Cardiff, of Second-Lieut. J. L. Jones, 3rd Welsh Regiment. The deceased officer, who suffered a prolonged illness, was a son of the late Dr. W.. L. Jones, Glyncothy House, Nantgaredig, Carmarthenshire, and had been reading for Holy Orders at Pembroke College, Oxford, and at St. Michael's College, LIandaff. He joined the 21st Public Schools Battalion in Septem- ber, 1914, and was, later, given a commission in the 3rd Welsh Regiment. He served in France f#r about a year, when he was slightly gassed and had a general break-down, from which he never fully recovered. The late Lieut. Jones received treatment at Kinmel Park Hospital and Eaton Hall, and came to Dolgarreg, Builth Wells, the residence of his aunt, where, in his endeavour to recuperate, he spent many happy months. He failed, however, to combat his trouble, and pro- ceeded to Bedford House Hospital, Cardiff, where he remained to the end. The deceased was well-known and a great favourite in Builth, where his demise, on the threshold of a promising career, is generally deplored. He always bore a bright and happy demeanour, and was of a kindly, genial nature, winning the respect and good- fellowship of a very large circle of friends. The late Lieut. Jones spent many years-off and on-at Builth, and was a familiar figure on the cricket ground in pre- war day. He was a good sportsman and had played for his college at Oxford. He always took a tolerant and charitable view of life. The interment was at the family burial-place, Llaneg- wad Church, Carmarthenshire, on Thursday, where a very large number of relatives and friends attended to pay a last tribute of respect. The military was also represented, and the officiating clergy were the curate in charge, the Rev. D, Arter and the Rev. H. Saunders Williams (deceased's brother-in-law). The service was choral and uniquely impressive. Several beautiful wreaths were sent from relatives and friends, and notably, a very fine floral tribute from the Officers and Nurses of Bedford House Hos- pital, inscribed, "With deepest and profound sym- pathy at the loss of our comrade and colleague from the Nurses and Officers, Bedford House, Cardiff."

Bishop Owen as Archbishop Designate. The statement made some time ago, that the con- stitution of the Welsh Church after Disestablishment with a Welsh Archbishop is settled, is confirmed, and we learn that the Welsh Church Party are ready to accept, and in fact would like the Government to issue Letters of Business to the Convocation of Canterbury to create a new province of Wales and Monmouthshire with its own archbishop. It is understood the Bishop of St. David's will lie the archbishop designate.

You Can't be an Optimist if your Nerves are run-down. Strengthen your Nerves, and improve your Health, by taking SANATOGEN DAILY. TO be a true optimist, you must be a healthy vigorous man or woman, with a large amount of reserve-force stored up in your brain-cells and nerve cells. This gives you serenity and poise — joy in your work — buoyancy and enthusiasm — the power to face things squarely without flinching. "Pessimism comes of a badly- nourished brain," says Mr Richard Le Gallienne, the fam- ous poet and a man of letters. And he goes on "Had Sanato- gen been in the world earlier, we might have heard less of nineteenth-century pessimism. Sanatogen has proved itself a veritable God-send to brain- workers. Though it does not aim at any dangerous 'speeding up'of the natural laws of health, it does, in a perfectly safe and legitimate way, acce lerate nature's own processes of recu- peration, by supplying the brain and nerves with the most im- portant food elements in a form which ensures their most rapid assimilation Every spoon- ful is paying something for us into the bank of our vitality, adding steadily growing eft- ciency to our lives." Ponder these words-and act on them! TAKE SANATOGEN DAILY. It is no use making determined resolutions if you lack the nerve-force to carry them out. Sanatogen gives you abundant nerve-force and its continued use keeps you up to the highest standard of health and vigour possible to you. After taking Sanatogen regularly you will feel an almost limitless supply of energy welling up within you; an exhilaration of mind, a fulness and buoyancy which will carry you far and change your whole outlook on life. Focus your mind and will-power on this one thing—namely, to raise your health and nerve-force io the highest pitch by means of Sanatogen. Whatever else you do, make sure of this. Economise in other ways if you must, bnt don't stint yourself in this all-important matter of mental and physical efficiency. A dose of Sanatogen costs about twopence, and every dose brings you a definite gain in health and nerve-force. Ask your Chemist for the genuine, original Sanatogen-from 1/9 per tiu- manufactured at Penzance by GBNATOSAN, LTD.. (British Purchasers of the Sanatogen Co.) Chairman: Lady Mackwoith, 12, Chenies Street, London, W.C. 1. NOTE.—Sanatogen will later on be re-named Genatosan-Genuine Sanatogen- to distinguish it from inferior substitutes.

FRESH WATER FISH — — AND THE FOOD SUPPLY. DEPAKTMEXTAL COMMITTEE'S FINDINGS. The conclusions of the Departmental Committee ap- pointed by the President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries to inquire into the present position of our fresh-water fisheries has been published, and will be interesting to readers in our counties. A The committee do not think any considerable addi- tion to the istock of food proportionate to the needs of the community can present be provided from the in- land watens of England and Wales, which are about one-fifth of the total of the United Kingdom. The quantity of fish obtainable would not in their view war- rant the creation of any centralized organisation for their capture and distribution. Nevertheless, Lord Destjorough and his colleagues are of opinion that the wider use of fresh-water fish as food might be encouraged in various ways. They point out that there is a regular market for coarse fish in London and other large towns. The fish come from Holland and Ireland, and in sum amount to a few hun- dred tons annually. They are consumed by foreign- ers and the Jewish community. Trout find a ready mar- ket, but the supply is comparatively small. The committee, which was appointed towards the end of March, sent out a series of interrogatories to Boards of Conservators, angling associations, and other public I bodies, owners of water, and fishermen. Points they asked for particulars concerning were the stocks of fresh-water fish, the possibility of deterioration in local rivers, streams, and canals, and, more particularly, the facilities for cold storage, smoking, and curing, the pos- sibility of the devolpment of eel and other fishing. The replies to their questions indicate, they state, that the "use of fresh-water fish is not as general as it might be even among anglers," and they specifically urge. ang- lers to be at more pains to see that the fist they cap- ture are used as food. Trout, grayling, pike, perch, and eels "appear to be the fish generally considered most worth eating." The supply of eels is often in- sufficient to meet the demand. In England and Wales, with few exceptions, there appears to be no prejudice against their use as food such as exists in Scotland. Much must not be expected, says the committee, "of the lakes and rivers of England as the source of an emergency food supply." The North Sea is 162,000 square miles in extent, and in 1913 yielded 8,000,000 tons of fish, exclusive of shellfish; 2,000 tons of trout and coarse fish is the estimated present annual production of the 340 square miles of English and Welsh lakes and rivers. Thus the "relative unimportance" of the fresh- water fish, .says the report, is "evident." Most of the waters also, the report points out, are privately owned, or are lea-sed to or controlled by angling associations or other bodies, and the presence of fish in these waters is often largely due to the action of the owners or asso- ciations in keeping the water in order, regulating the fishing, re-stocking and opposing pollution. "Clearly, the fish in such waters are private property, and, if it were considered necessary to take them, proper compensation would have to be made." The present potential supply of fish from the lakes and rivers being too small to be regarded as an important asset in an emergency, the committee "do not think any interference with the rights of owners or anglers is called for." But, they ftdd, "a certain amount of fish could be obtained, and we think it desirable that individuals and associations owning and controlling inland waters should consider what steps they may he able to take to encourage the ulili.ation of fresh-water fish as food, and to provide fish for local consumption. It has been brought to the committete's notice that in the summer months there are large quantities of "sea fish of estuarine habit, par- ticularly gray mullet, in the lower reaches of many rivers, and that in some cases local regulations make the "efficient capture" of these fish "difficult or im- possible." They suggest that during the present emer- gency the "responsible authorities should encourage the capture of these fish, and modify their regulations when this can be done without injury to more valuable fisheries." Although they have reached the conclusion that no considerable addition to the stock of food can be hoped for from fresh-water fish, the committee urge that these fish "contain a certain amount of wholesome food, which might be largely increased by protective mea- ures. and also more fully utilised if simple methods of preparing fresh-water fish were more widely known." The committee recommends "the early publication of a leaflet, dealing with the preparation of fish for the table," and actually such a leaflet was is- sued simultaneously with the report. Anyone who wishes for a copy of this should write to the Secretary, Board of Agriculture, 43, Parliament Street, S.W., and ask for "Fisheries Notes, No. 8." The committee further re- commend the publication of a leaflet describing "methods for the capture of eels," believing that "fish- ing for eels in the United Kingdom might be developed with advantage." The report points out that, if fresh- water fish is mtended for distant markets, it would be necessary to arrange for their transport alive, or pack- ed In ice.

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