The Brecon Radnor Express Carmarthen and Swansea Valley Gazette and Brynmawr District Advertiser

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f Hay Rural Affairs. TREFECCA VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY. I Present at Hay Rural Council's meeting, on Thursday, were Mr E. D. Weaver (chairman), Revs. W. E T. Morgan and \Y. L. Crichton, and Messrs. Wm. Jones. J. R. Griffiths. Wm. Jones, W. V. Pugh, W. Price, and Jas. Gunter (clerk), W. L. Ricketts (surveyor) and W. Gunter (sani- tary inspectr).. The surveyor reported with respect to carrying -away surface water at Llanigon, and the meeting resolved to enter into an agreement with Misses Thomas and Col. Greenley on the matter. The medical officer reported on the condition of the schools in the district which, with the excep- tion of a few minor defects, was satisfactory. The inspector, speaking on the sanitary state of Trefecca village, said there were four possible purees of water supply, one which might be avail- able for the village. A committee also reported on the drainage and water supply, which they considered most un- satisfactory. The councillors, whilst condemning the sanitary condition of Trefecca. agreed that the nuisance .could not be remedied until after the war. Mr P. C. Lloyd wrote stating that he was ob- taining estimates for the repairs to Blaenau Bach Cottage. The clerk informed the members that that coun- cil might. probably, be the registration authority for the district. •He (the clerk) was empowered to call a special meeting of the council, on receipt of instructions from the Local Government Board or any other authority, at Glasbury to further consider the -question.

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"A Muddle"? 1 Breconshire Dipping Order.. COUNTY COMMITTEE'S DISCUSSION. I A meeting of the Breconshire Executive Com- mittee, under the Contagious Diseases Animals' I Act, was held at the Shire Hall, Brecon, on Fri- day. There were present Messrs. W. S. Miller (chairman), Owen Price, Levi Jones, Tom Mor- gan, J. L. Da vies, R. Edwards, David Williams, J. Price, J. Griffiths, H. F. W. Harries (clerk) and other officials. The Dipping Order. Considerable discussion arose from -questions arising out of the Sheep Dipping (Black Moun- tain district) Order of 1915. The clerk read re- plies to questions which had been addressed to the Board of Agriculture. The question was not at all clear whether, in addition to the double dip- ping, sheep had not to be dipped again before they could be moved out of the area, when they were being taken away from the area. Sheep could not be moved from the 15th July to the 30th September. 'd there must be some i-nis- The chairman said there must be some mis- understanding. If they made them dip the sheep before removal, then there would be some sense in it, but now they could not be moved for nearly two moihs, and these the sale months of the year. Mr Owen Price Under this Order they can- not be removed until the end of September. The Chairman It is a most grievous imposi- tion upon people in that district. Mr J. L. Davies said in the previous Order the dates were a week earlier, and that week was very important for people in that district-for the sales and when they were sending them away for the winter. The Chairman I think they should be dipped in addition, if the Board requires, before they left the district. Mr Owen Price They say they don't require it. The Chairman They don't understand the cir- cumstances so well as we do. Mr Owen Price They don't consult us in the matter. The Chairman We should try and instruct them. (Laughter.) I suggest we ask them to shorten the period, and that all sheep taken out of the district, except for sale, should have an extra dipping in addition to the dipping required by the Order, unless they have been dipped with- in the fortnight. Mr Owen Price It must be twice within the month of September, so you don't want an extra dipping besides. Mr Tom Morgan It should start earlier and finish earlier. The Chairman Certainly. Mr J. L. Davies I suggest we ask them to modify it and fix the date from the 20th August to the 20th September. Mr Owen Price It is our duty to represent the matter to them. It will be a great inconvenience to the whole of the district. Mr J. L. Davies And a great loss, I take it. The chairman said they should ask the Board of Agriculture to make the Order the least harm- ful as possible. "I think," he said, "it is a good bit of a muddle." Mr Owen Price It is a big muddle. When lawyers cannot understand an Order it is worse still. (Laughter.) The clerk said it was certainly very complicated. It wa-s ultimately decided to ask the Board of Agriculture to alter the dipping period to a week earlier, as the last ten days in September was the period during which nearly all the stock was sold in the district. A circular was read from the Board of Agricul- ture dealing with questions relating to the supply of agricultural labour, but the committee took no action. The Sheep Inspectorate. With regard to the vacant inspectorship, caus- ed by the death of Mr Jardine, it was suggested by Mr Franklyn, Glamorganshire County Coun- cil, to hold a conference between the several counties before a fresh appointment was made. It was decided to send representatives. Mr Owen Price said it would be well to get an expression of opinion from the committee as to whether they thought it advisable to appoint an- other inspector. At present, he said, the county was free from sheep-scab, but that was chiefly due to the viligance and great care taken in past years. When the late Mr Jardine was appoint- ed, they were troubled with sheep-scab all over the county, but, luckily, in the course of a few years, they were able to eradicate the disease. Mr Tom Morgan Perhaps, we should not have as good a man as Mr Jardine next time. The chairman said there was a good deal in what Mr Franklyn said. Circumstances had very much changed. They had very much greater viligance by the police than at that time and by their veterinary inspectors, and, what was more important still, farmers themselves now knew what scab was. Some years ago a great many of them said, when they came before the magis- trates, that they did not know scab when they saw it- Mr Tom Morgan Farmers are more careful nowadays than they were years ago. The Chairman They see now that it is for their own benefit. As long as we keep clear, I don't quite see the necessity of appointing. Mr Owen Price I quite agree, but which is the bfBt way to keep clear-prevention is better than cure. The finance clerk, in reply to Mr J. L .Davies, said that Breconshire's contribution to the salary of the late Mr Jardine was X70 a year. Mr Davies said it was all well and good if the county were clear of the disease, but it would be better to spend ze70 a year to stop it coming in again. He understood it was not clear now in the border county of Carmarthen. The Chairman We don't know. They refused to let our inspector go there. Until it is shown that it is necessary to appoint an inspector, I think we should rest on our oars. The representatives were instructed to inform the conference that it was the committee's opinion they should wait a little while before appoint- ing to see how things went. Veterinary Inspector's Report. Mr Cattell, county veterinary inspector, pre- sented his quarterly report, which showed an out- break of parasitic mange in the case of a pony at Ystradgynlais. Treatment and disinfection was carried out, and the case is now cured. Fifteen dogs had been sent to him during the fortnight— one was claimed, six sold, and eight destroyed.

Knighton Guardians. ILLATIVE AND INVALID BOY. The fortnightly meeting of Knighton Board of Guardians was held on Thursday, when there was an average attendance. The vice-chairman (Mr La-wton L. Moore) presided during the consider- ation of the relief cases, and Mr J. R. Bache oc- cupied the chair afterwards. The master (Mr R. Doidge) reported that at the last meeting there were 32 inmates and he had since discharged one, there being now 31 as against 33 in the corresponding period of last year. Mr Powell (Bleddfa) asked if the Board had given the relieving officers a permanent increase of salary, ot was the increase for the duration of the war only? The Chairman During the continuance of the war. The clerk stated that Miss Shepherd (a visiting agent in the employ of the Church of England), who was working in the town, had taken a deep interest in one of the boys who was afflicted with some physical incapacity. After a long corres- pondence, she had succeeded in obtaining for him admission into an institution where he would be educated and taught a trade. The cost would be about equal to the expense of his present mainten- ance. The offer was accepted, and the clerk was directed to write Miss Shepherd thanking her for the interest she had taken in the case. It was also reported that a lad, who was paralys- ed and had on that account been in the house for about two years, had died recently. A relative, who was responsible to the guardians for the cost of the lad's maintenance, had written thanking them for the care they had taken of the invalid. He stated that he had often visited the house and had always found the lad comfortable. Tenders, for three months, were then accepted. viz. :—Bread, cake, flour, grocery, &c., Mr J. L. Allcock: milk, Mr W. Williams: meat, Mr W. Jones; and coal, Radnorshire Coal Co. The master was directed to make inquiries as to what coal would be most suitable for the purposes of the house.

Builth Naturalists. I THE FLORA OF THE DISTRICT. I VISIT TO ABEREDW. 1 By G.R.T. J It cannot truthfully be said that the flora of our district is very varied or particularly unique. Wales is too remote from the European coast- line for the continental species of flowers to es- tablish themselves. For this same reason the flora of Ireland is poor, poorer indeed than any part of the British Isles. This does not mean that there are no flowers of interest in the Builth district. For instance, there is a flower which grows on the Breidden heights of Montgomery, and on the buttresses which sentinel the Wye be- low Llanelwedd, it flourishes here and nowhere else in Britain; but neither an Editor's blandish- ments, nor wild horses could withdraw from me its name. Philosophers have represented to us with persistent iteration that the proper study of mankind is man, and it would only be a hair's- breadth escape from heresy to assert the contrary proposition. Still we may take the study as in- elusive if we view man in his relation to what lies outside humanity. Man is not wholly material whatever the Germans think, and we must not set a selfish standard of material good to every- thing, and he who is not affected by the wonder of the starry host of heaven, by the touching sweetness and pathos of a wayside flower, by the glory of the setting sun, or the delicate pencilling of an insect's wing is a poor creature indeed. To welcome a flower in the crannied wall by name, to have a nodding acquaintance with a lowly weed, to recognise as an old friend some herb blossoming alone on the bold bluffs of our district are delights denied to those whose aspirations are locked up with their pelf in the counting-house till. Thanks to the splendid advocacy of Ruskin the contemplation of nature is now no doctrinaire study. The love of Nature is its own exceeding great reward, and perhaps the Builth Wells Naturalists can claim a little credit for stimula- ting and quickening this love. Carlyle bewailed the fact that in the curriculum of his early train- ing there was no provision for nature-study. To meet the flora of the vernal wood with a saluta- tion which lie could not answer was always to him a vain Vegret. The Editor of the "Brecon and Radnor Express" is to be lieartily congratula- ted on his efforts to instil by means of the monthly essays a love of nature in the chil- dren of Breconshire. May he convert the novice into an enthusiast is the wish at least of the Builth Wells Naturalists' Society. We proceeded for the delightful little village at the mouth of the Edw, on Wednesday last by the 1.10 train. Our leader, Miss Hawkins, met us at the station. There were some bluff breezes prod- ding our flanks that day, so we adjourned -into the 0 waiting room, what time our leader initiated us into some of the wonders and mysteries of plant-life. This she did in simple, non-technical language to a circle of interested by-standers. She told us much about the exquisite provision for cross-fertilsa'tion, of the reciprocal arrange- ment between visiting insect and flower, discard- ing dry-as-dust technicalism in such a way as to reduce the yawning males into evident interest. There are some very interesting plant localities in the district. On the banks of the Wye, near Builth, is to be seen in large quantities the Chives, which some people maintain is the ori- ginal emblematic flower of Wales, the "Syfi Glan Gwy." This plant, according to others, was first introduced into the district by the Rom- ans. The wood around are covered in early Ap- ril with the beautiful daffodil bells. The Welsh poppy is .not uncommon on the volcanic slopes of Llanelwedd. The maiden pink, with solitary flowers and notched petals spotted with white, is seen on the lower bluffs of Carneddau. The tooth- wort may be found among decaying foliage on the left bank of the Wye. The sundew, with its sticky, shining, glandular hairs, is common in our bogs. This plant is insectivorous, and woe- betide the unwary insect that alights on the leaves. The bladder-wort is a curious floating- plant. with fine root-like branches and thread- like leaves, bearing tiny floating bladders. This, again, has a partiality for insects. The butter- wort is a pretty flower of violet blue, arising from a. rosette of sticky leaves, which again en- trap the insects. There is a pool in the romantic Irvon Glen, above Abergwessin, encircled by these green rosettes. There the great Borrow, prince of pedestrians, was wont to leave his titanic frame, feeling, as a son of Anak, refresh- ed after his morning dip. Just outside our dis- trict, on the site of one of the antiquities which I was exploring I have seen the dwarf elder or Dane's wort, which tradition assigns to places once watered by Northman's blood. The poison- ous Henbane, and broad-leaved helleborine, sup- posed to mark the site of a mediaeval garden, are found near Erwood. Among the rarer plants may be mentioned the ivy-leaved bell-flower, Herb Paris, grass of Parnassus, mossy saxifrage, globe flower, the beautiful little mountain pansy, the vernal sand-wort, and blue. pimpernel. I hope the Editor will one day offer a prize for the best collection of wild flowers of the district. It would be a fine stimulus to the children to study our country flora. The bare slopes of Moelfri, which extend to 1,400 feet, are corned by the beautiful tracery of the stag's horn moss. Years ago it was customary for ladies to decorate their fancy dresses with this ornamental club moss, the larger trailing stems and projecting spikes forming graceful festoons. The Builth district is certainly rich in cryptogame, mosses, liver-worts and ferns being very plentiful. The Aberedw Rocks, the Duhonow and Nantgwyn gorges are habitats of rare ferns, such as the green spleen- wort. The graceful moss-like film fern, the oak fern, the fragrant shield fern, the elegant beech fern, the brittle mountain fern, and the hart's tongue may also be found. The royal fern is not uncommon in the district. A few words of in- terest may be written, in conclusion, about the woodland type. The oak is certainly the domin- ant tree of the'district, and is generally found in the lower valleys, although it may well ascend well up the mountain slopes. Some of the oaks grown in this district have been used in the prin- cipal dockyards and for repairing some of the oldest trading ships. Years ago, the Llanelwedd and Pencerrig estates were renowned for their oaks, and some of these giants of the forest per- sist to this day. It is interesting to recall that the keel of the "Royal George," which was wreck- ed on August 29th, 1782, was made from Pencer- rig oak. John Clark, who made an agricultural survey of the district in 1794, commented on these goodly oaks, and the illustrious Welsh artist. Thomas Jones, of Pencerrig, the pupil and friend of Wilson, has reduced to canvass the great dimensions of these indigenous oaks. There are many well-marked oak-zones in the district, e.g., on the Llanynis road, extending from Pantyblodau almost to the gorge of Cwm Craig-ddu, a distance of 1J miles. The place-names of the district abound in allusion to the oak, e.g., Llwynderw, near Abergwessin, derw being the Welsh for oaks. Dolderwen on the Dauffrwd. In the early days of iron-smelting, it was not customary to use coal in the furnaces, but charcoal, and reference to the cord wood book, kept in connection with the Llynfi furnace, Brecon, in 1753 and 1754, shows that loads of oak were bought for as much as £171. Much of the district has thus been denuded of oak, and the localities which suffered most were Gwen- ddwr, Llangammarch and Llanwrtyd. A sleek brochure might be written on the trees of the dis- trict alone, and, if the present account is to be brought within the confines of a newspaper ar- ticle, my accumulating foolscaps warn me to de- sist. I have written thus about the flora of the district in the hope that the children of Brecon- shire and Radnorshire will take up this beautiful branch of nature study.

j?H?ARCHER&C? E pMENRETORHSi  ??T.?"?°? ?? Mi Facsimile oj One-Ounce Packet. Archer's Golden Returns The Perfection of Pipe Tobacco. COOL, SVimr Amv FnAcnAKT.

Llangammarch Wells Worthies. SOME MORE REMINISCENCES. I We have received from a correspondent some more reminiscences of Llangammarch worthies. Mr John Williams, Cefnllan, was a fine bird in his younger days. He was best known as Jack Kel- sey, a regular old Welsh type. He has not long passed away and was over 90 years of age. He left a son of the same name as his father, Mr John i Williams, and a chip of the old block. He is best known as Jack Bach, Cefnllan, a very smart young gentleman, and a cattle dealer of no small repute. Next comes Mr T. Arthur, station master, on the L. and N.W. Railway at Llangammarch, much thought of by everybody who comes in con-, tact with him, being so kind and attentive to pas- sengers, and who has been stationed there 30 years. He was born at a farm close by, called Llwyneino. The old saying is that there is no honour for a prophet in his own country; but this is not so in his case. Long may he live. On the other side of the river Irvon stands an old farm house called Cwmdylan, where dwelt an old man, by the name of John Davies, common- ly called Jack Cwmdylwr, a very comical old man. He left this world many years ago. Daniel Davies, Cwmeillion was a sculptor. He was also known as Daniel, the stone-cutter, and he had a brother John. Both were well up in music and considered very talented men, and did great service in their neighbourhood. Their father reat Thomas Davies, of Greenwitch, an old thatched house by the side of the river Cammarch. He was knows as Thomas y Gwaddottwr (mole-catcher) by trade, and earned a good living by it. He was a wonderful character, and full of wit. I slightly remembered him. He died over half a century ago. Now we come to one John Jones, Cwmmawr, a little old-fashioned house by the foot of Eppynt mountains. He was known best as Shoni Oak. His mother and aunt lived with him. His mother's name was Sarah Jones, but she was best known as Sarah Goch, and his aunt was Esther Jones. She, too, was known as Hettie Wen. The three are now gone to their long rest. Mr Evan Jones, Cwmsifyien, was a gentleman farmer, and kept his farm like a garden. He de- parted this life in a few years after his arrival at the farm, to the sorrow of the neighbourhood. Mr John Thomas, Bank Farm, was a fine speci- men of a farmer, and was best known as John Tbomasy Park, and after his death his son John took the farm. Then a Mr Jones followed, the last named person as a farmer and I think he is still living there. Mr David Jones, commonly called Dai Troed- rhyw cwarel, is well liked by everyone who comes in contact with him. Mr Isaac Price, of Troedyrhiwfach farm, is situated at the foot of Eppynt mountains, is a son of the well-known Mr John Price, late of Pant- rentyn, who was known as the greatest divine of his period. His son Isaac turned out as a great athlete, a wrestler, footballer, cricketer, and a pugilist of no small note, known as such through- out England and Wales. He also has a son who follows his father's trait, Mr Hugh Price, who is best known as Hugh, Troedyrhiwfach. He is a very strong sturdy young man, and a great pugil- ist. There are Mr John Lewis and his two sons, John and William. The father was best known as Jack Teilewr Quick Gwar ceiros. He and his sons were the leading tailors of their period. Ex-Sergt. Lloyd comes next. He retired from the Breconshire force on pension several years ago, and made his home at Llangammarch. He is a fine type of an angler and known to be a "dap" hand at fishing. What he cannot catch him- self he takes very good care that no one else shall. He is a bonny old chap on in years and very active. Charles Jenkins, late of Cefngast, was best known as Charlie Cefngast. He left the locality many years ago. He Was a very funny sort of a chap. I had a long chat with him a few days ago. He is getting on in years, but is looking in the pink of condition and said, that he was open to any game. As far as I could find out he is living somewhere near Merthyr Tydfil. Now comes Mr Davies, a schoolmaster at Tafarn-y-pridd, and a great friend of mine. A thorough sportsman, a une angler, a crack shot, for which I can testify safe for 18 out of 20, it might be owing to his well-trained dogs. Cadwgan Powell, Craig-y-nos, is the next on the list. A thorough old gentleman and a descendent of a good old stock, Powell's of Tybach, well- known in Breconshire for their generosity. Next comes Mr John Davies, Poityn, one of the largest cattle dealers in Wales, and a very fair and considerate man in his dealings. He has a good reputation and is always good to the poor people in keeping the wolves from their doors. The last but not the least is Mr Waters, of Maesyderwen, a lovely mansion situated on a bank between Aberceiros and New Well. This gentleman is the son of the late .Dr. and Mrs Waters, Cape of Good Hope, and a grandson of the late and the well-known Richard Winston, Esq., of Esgair-Moel, a family of great repute in this part. I am well acquainted with Mr Waters and have hfd many a long chat with him and always I feel benefited by coming in contact with him. He is a smart intelligent gentleman of the right type.

Waterloo Flat. j Impassable Road. I CWMDAUDDWR WATER-SUPPLY. I CLERK'S ILLNESS. I Rhayader rural council's meeting, on Wednes- day, was attended by Mr B. P. Lewis (chair- man), Rev. A. Jordan, and Messrs. T. Davies, J. Evans, B. Hughes, J. Jones, E. P. Jones, E. M. Jones, D. Mills, T. Meredith, E. Price, E. E. Thomas, E. D. Prothero (acting-clerk), J. Powell' I (surveyor) and R. Worthing (sanitary-inspector). Clerk's Illness. I The chairman said they were sorry to know their clerk (Mr G. M. Jarman) was unable to attend through illness. During Mr Jarman's long years of service to that council, he had been faith- ful atrustworthy. Their sincere wish was that he would soon recover and be able to resume his duties. No man's absence at the meetings was more noticed than their clerk's. The chair- man proposed that a vote of sympathy be passed with Mr Jarman in his illness. Rev. A. Jordan, seconding, remarked that no council had a better clerk than they had. They I wished him a speedy recovery. The vote was carried unanimously. Cwmdauddwr Water-Supply. I The question of the supply of water for Cwm- dauddwr village came up for further consideration. It appeared that, some time ago, the council wrote the trustees of Cwmdauddwr school water supply, requesting permission to take a supply for the villagers from the same pipe. Rev. W. Gabe (correspondent) answered as fol- lows :—"In reply to the letter from the District Council, dated May 15th, 1915, the trustees of Rev. C. Price's charity beg to state that they do not agree to have the water-supply at the school con- tinued by a pipe to two places in the village (1) on the ground that a sewerage scheme is suggested for the village, and the trustees would like further information respecting it, (2) that they consider it a waste of expenditure and that a larger water supply should be secured later on, (3) that they have to safeguard the present supply of water, as the Board of Education will insist that a satisfac- tory supply be retained for the school, and (4) that they do not consider the distance considerable for the villagers to go for water, taking into ac- count how th,ey were situated before the water was brought to the school a few years aso by Rev. W. E. Prickard. The chairman pointed out that a quantity of water was running to waste at the school, and the council asked for permission to use this by convey ing it in pipes to a convenient spot for the in-. habitants of the village. With regard to the question of sewerage, the chairman said the ex- penditure wwould be enormous, and this was the only reason why the matter had been delayed. Mr J. Evans enquired whether the continuation pipes would only take the wasted water from the school tap The Chairman That is all we asked for. Mr E. Price What would be an alternative scheme if the water-supply could not be obtained from the school? The chairman, in reply, said they could secure a supply from the Birmingham Corporation, i.e., if they were prepared to pay the price for it. Rhayader parish council made an offer, but Cwm- dauddwr parish council would not entertain it. Mr E. Price considered that, if the matter were further discussed, Cwmdauddwr parish council might accept the offer of the Rhayader authority. The chairman remarked that, if the supply were obtained from the Corporation, a filter bed, which would be rather expensive, would have to be pro- vided by the council. Mr E. Price If the supply were secured from the Rhayader authority, the water would be already filtered. The chairman said that the question would have to be dealt with. They hoped to haVe the water- supply and sewerage remedied. The meeting resolved that the clerk should supply further information to the trustees, and, also, re- quest them to re-consider the application. Impassable Road. I The chairman said Mr Hughes gave notice to move, that the resolution on the minutes, with re- gard to repairing a portion of road in Cefnllys parish and adjoining Waterloo Flat, be rescinded. The council was of opinion that, when they passed the resolution, the road was of no use to the rate- payers in Rhayader district. Mr B. Hughes remarked that he asked them to repair a piece of road-100 yards in length—in Cefnllys parish and adjoining Waterloo Flat. People living in that parish constantly used the the road on their way to Hundred House en-route for Builth market. Hundred House residents also used the road when travelling to Penybont. A distance of 400 yards remained between the point where Rhavader council finished work on this road and where Colwyn council commenced to repair the road in their area. A length of 100 yards out of 400 was quite impassable, especially in winter when persons were obliged to use the adjoining fields. He wished them to rescind the resolution and agree to spend JElO on repairing the road. Mr Hughes then embodied his remarks in the form of a resolution. Rev. A. Jordan said he had made enquiries con- cerning the road and had discovered that Colwyn council had repaired a portion of road on Waterloo Flat. There was also a piece of road impassable on the boundary. People of Cefnllys parish went over the road to Franksbridge parish, as well as out-siders, used the road, and it wotfld prove a great advantage if it were repaired. For the sug- gested amount (£10) to be expended, the road could be made passable. Stones were convenient for the work to be executed. The rev. gentleman now seconded. The acting-clerk read a petition signed by a large number of Cefnllys ratepayers, asking that the road be repaired. The motion, that the minute be rescinded, was agreed to. Rev. A. Jordan next proposed that they spend £ 10 in placing the road in a passable state, adding that, if the council decided to do the work, 'he was sure they would never regret it.. i-O Mr B. Hughes This is the only way we can go to chapel at Franksbridge, and I have often to pass over an adjoining field on account of the condition of the road. The surveyor pointed out that, in consequence of two very dangerous places there, two culverts would be needed. Mr E. Price, who did not doubt the statements made by Mr Hughes, wondered whether it would be possible to get*the hauling done free. Mr Hughes said he could not promise, as he did not believe the people would be disposed to do the work free of charge. Mr E. Price remarked that, if the people were not prepared to do any hauling, it showed that the road was not badly needed. Those who wanted the road repaired could assist in the work by haul- ing the pipes from the station as well as in other ways. Mr Hughes promised to see that the pipes were conveyed to the spot, and, also, seconded the pro- position, which was agreed to. Abercamlo Bridge. I On the motion of Rev. A. Jordan, seconded by Mr J. Evans, the councillors resolved to re-place old Abercamlo bridge by erecting a new wooden one there. The oost, it was decided, should not exceed £32. A letter came to hand from Llanyre parish coun- cil, stating that the rate-payers would not object to the rural council taking over the road from op- posite Llanyre road to Werngronglwyd gate, a distance of 200 yards, after those now interested had placed it in a satisfactory state of repairs. The meeting acquiesced, on condition that the road was repaired to the approval of their spr- veyor. ? Churchyard Wall. I Mr J. Evans (church-warden) applied for auth- ority to extend the outside wall of Rhayader churchyard.. The council granted the application, subject to Rhayader parish council being also in agreement.

3 HEADACHE,TOOTHACHE/if^ I AND NEURALGIA Tht QUICKEST and MOST CERTAIN CURE 1 gjSfri i 1 all Chemists & Starts t '.TB' J.MORCAWJONES a Co. LLAMELLY., $

Generosity Abused. 1 I BBYNMAWB WOMAN OBTAINS £'9 2s BY I FALSE PRETENCES. Cecilia Pearce, a Brynmawr woman, was charg- ed at Ebbw Vale on Thursday with obtaining X9 2s by false pretences from the Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron. and Coal Company. Mr Thomas Hughes, Ebbw Vale, prosecuted for the-company. Opening the case, he said that -6ince the commencement of the war the company had been paying certain sums of money to the dependents of employees who had enlisted as sol- diers. Mr Pearce's son enlisted as a soldier, and on the bearing that relief was given she went to the company and made certain statements. As a result of those statements the company paid her 13/- a week from November, 1914, until May 3, 1915. They were in some doubt in January whether it was a proper case to relieve, and Mr. T H. Richards called at her house. In her an- swers she said the son was her sole support. The company had since found that Mr Pearce, the sol- dier's father, was employed by the Brynmawr Dis- trict Council, and from January 1, 1914, this man had been working more or less regularly up to June of this year. The father wa.s not working in October, nor from March 19 until May. The average earnings from the council were 22s. a week. If the husband himself had gone to the Army the company would pay 13s.. a week, and for a son the sum would be smaller. The company had paid at least X22,000 from the time the war commenced until the end of March this year. Defendant expressed regret for what she had done. The Chairman said the bench wished to thanked the Ebbw Vale Company for the very generous way they had treated the dependents of those of their -employees who had gone to fight for King and country. This was a serious offence, and the woman was liable to six months' imprisonment. The bench was taking a lenient view of the mat- ter in fining the woman £ 5 or one month in de- fault.

Tramping bands of Welsh reapers on their way to Herefordshire for the harvest were a pictures- que sight in years gone by. Rev. J. Warner, of Bath, -described a scene he witnessed in Breck- nockshire in the summer of 1798 as follows :— "Large parties of reapers, amounting to two or three hundred met us while on their way to Herefordshire and Gloucestershire for the harvest month. They were remarkable in the uniformity of their dress, which consisted of a jacket and breeches of thick striped flannel, the manufacture of the country, and dyed almost invariably of a light blue colour."

Radnorshire Education I H.M. Inspector's Reports. I SUCCESS OF THE COOKERY VAN. I The general report of H.M. Inspectors on edu- cation in Radnorshire for 1914 is contained in a pamphlet issued by the Welsh Department of the I Board of Education. There are 52 elementary I schools, with accommodation for 4,805 children. Gardening. I The benefits of instruction in gardening are con- fined to four or five schools, and should be extend- ed to others. Sufficient suitable land should be assigned (or acquired, if necessary) for the pur- pose wherever this work can be satisfactorily un- dertaken, the sufficieny of both the playground and the land for gardening being borne in mind. In all cases a flower border should be made and looked after by the children and teachers, and, where no shady corner exists in the playground, a suitable spot, not too near any of the school windows, might be selected, and the children might plant two or. three trees, so that in a few years their successors, at any rate, may have the benefit of the leafy shade. Shrubs might be planted along the various borders. This suggests one of the ways in which Radnor, in common with other counties in Wales, might celebrate St. David's Dav. Libraries. I In almost all schools in the county a gift or gifts of a score or so of books, years ago, formed the nucleus of a school library. In many cases, unfortunately, nothing has. been done since to de- velop a library such as should be within the reach of every school child. In some cases, apparently, the number of books has dwindled. About one- third of the departments have over 50 books in the library, and, of these, a half have over 100. These books have been obtained in various ways, as gifts from friends of the teachers or of the managers, as gifts or loans by the teachers themselves, and as part of the proceeds of school concerts or other entertainments. One or two schools have obtained a few books through the ordinary school requisi- tion. The more recent schools, strange to say, have as yet no library whatever. There is clearly room, therefore, for activity on the part of the authority in this connection. There is a commend- able feature found in some non-provided schools that, though situated in Wales, are within the diocese of Hereford. Such schools may share in the benefits of the system of circulating school libraries in the diocese. A box of 50 books ar- rives and remains for four months, when the box moves on elsewhere, and is replaced by another. Some of the school eligible to participate do so regularly. The benefits of establishing school and other reading circles in connection with the Na-' tional Home Reading Union should be borne in mind by the authority and the teachers. Supply of Teachers. I The profession is recruited from the secondary schools by means of the bursar system. It is un- derstood that the authority experience no difficulty in obtaining candidates for entry into the teach- ing profession. It is, however, open to question whether, in estimating at six the annual number of entrants necessary to maintain their staff (making due allowance for all normal wastage), they are not basing their estimate on a staff which recently has certainly not been lavish. At present there are seven student teachers, and, as there are nine bursars, the number is above the estimate, and is slightly improving, but it very probable that a further increase to eleven would prove a better approximation to the real needs. In may be that in very remote districts suitable candidates exist, but that, living at homes inconveniently placed with respect to secondary schools, they can- not become bursars. In that case, the recent re- gulations of the Board of Education for the em- ployment and training of rural pupil teachers may well prove suitable. Attendance. I The county is divided into three districts, and there is one attendance officer for each district, so that the area for each to cover is considerable, though the average attendance for the county is little over 3,000. The officer is responsible for making and keeping a census of children who are under a legal obligation to attend school. Re- turns of attendance are made to the education office each month, and occasionally statistics appear in the PrW. In an area with so scattered a popula- tion, but few children under five years of age at- tend school. It is only where a number of the home are fairly near the school that such young ones are much in evidence. Often they are not admitted, or at any rate none attend. In the winter months stress of weather often affects the attendance adversely, while in the summer months various distractions, such as whin-berry and straw- berry picking, sheep washing and shearing, pota- to planting and the like, are causes of irregularity. It is to be feared, too, that on market days in the towns a certain amount of irregular, if not il- legal, employment occurs. A matter calling for in- vestigation is the use made of the expression "beneficial employment" to cover such blind-alley employments as that of school-boys in the capac- ity of golf caddies. New Features. I Since the previous report light wood-work has J been taken up in several schools, and quite a promising beginning has been made. Most of the teachers follow what is known as the Abergele scheme, and have wisely treated the work as an aid to the other subjects. No school has taken up gardening in the interval. At Gladestry, in fact, instruction in this subject has been discon- tinued under the misapprehension'that girls were not eligible as grant-earning members of a class in gardening. The organisation of a small mixed school, indeed, may be simplified by taking the girls out with the boys for the gardening lesson and practical work. It is hoped, therefore, that the interruption is only a temporary one, for the garden plot adjoining the school is a good one and -the teaching was successful. The authority should seriously consider the question of introduc- ing gardening into more, if not most, of the schools in the county, which, for a rural one, oc- cupies a position, in this respect, which is far from creditable. In the adjoining county of Montgom- ery, gardening is taught in about 50 schools, and in Radnorshire in only four. Laundry-work and housewifery have also made some advance, and further development is expected. The regrettable inetrruption in the course at Llanelwedd is pre- sumed to be due only to unforeseen and temporary causes. In one school—Gladestry Church of Eng- land School—whisket-making (in pursuance of the suggestion made in the previous general report) was introduced. A local expert in this, a former industry of the district, was brought in to give the instruction, and the master himself continued the work while there were boys of suitable age to carry it on. The work, however, though tempor- arily suspended, is now being revived. Meanwhile the children have been and are given practice in lighter forms of basket-weaving, the material in this case being ready for use and not having to be prepared by the boys themselves, as it has to be in the case of whisket-making. The knowledge and skill thus gained by the boys have been found useful in the making of various articles for the home and farm during the winter evenings. In the matter of domestic subjects, the report states the other educational opportunity is the willingness of parents and ratepayers to support education of a practical kind, especially in garden- ing, woodwork and cookery. The authority dur- ing the three years under review, have given much attention to the extension of the facilities for the teaching of domestic subjects to the girls of the elementary schools of the county, and are to be commended on the advance which has been made. The Cookery Van. I In addition to the provision of premises, there is an important, development to chronicle in connect- ion with the rural schools. There are in this county a large number of small mixed schools which, owing to the mountainous nature of the dis- trict and the lack of railway facilities, are inac- cessible. It was felt that it would be impossible to bring the children to any convenient centres for instruction in domestic subjects, and equally im- possible, owing to the lack of extra accommoda- tion in the schools themselves, to send a teacher round to hold classes in the schools. In the early part of 1912, after giving this difficult problem every satisfaction, the committee decided that the best way of solving it was by means of a van which could travel round the county, and in which the classes from the different schools could as- semble and receive instruction in cookery. This was ordered, and started on its journey in OctoberT 1912. The inside of the van itself, when the sides have been expanded, measures 20 by 13 feet. J1; is fitted up with an excellent range, with tableS and all the equipment for cookery. Classes of 12 girls can be taken in it. The van has by now had two years in which to prove whether it is a success or not, and it can unhesitatingly be said that its success has far exceeded the hopes of the coIll- mittee. During these two years 23 classes have been held, in which 247 girls have received in" struction in cookery. These have been drawn from 24 schools. A few girls had, in some cases, to come a considerable distance from outlying schools, but it has been a very exceptional thing for a girl ever to be absent during the fortnight that these classes la-st. The teachers have welcomed this ex- periment warmly, and much of the success of the classes has been due to their co-operation. Sleeves and aprons have been made in the schools by the girls themselves before the arrival of the van, and, after its departure, the teachers keep up the interest of the children in1 the subject by means of occasional questions by lessons supplementing what they have learnt in the classes. The committee have been fortunate in securing the services of all experienced and enthusiastic teacher. That the classes are appreciated by the parents and by the children themselves is beyond a doubt. The large numbers of letters received by the teachers from the girls, after the van has gone on its way, is testi- mony to the pleasure taken by the girls in the les- sons, and to the lasting impressions made. In all these letters the girls b speak of the cooking they have done at home, and the appreciation of their parents. Now that the accommodation for the teaching of domestic subjects has been so much extended in the county, it is hoped that full advantage will bè taken of the rooms and equipment, and that even- ing classes will be established for women and girls in these important subjects.

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News was received at Seven Sisters, Neath, last week, to the effect that Lce.-Cpl. Wonnacott (Grenadier Guards), who was formerly employed as a collier at Seven Sisters, had been recommen- ded for the D.C.M. for meritorious work at the front.

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