The Amman Valley Chronicle and East Carmarthen News

Outlines of Local Government I [By Rev. J. GRIFFITHS, B.A., B.D.] I I. PUBLIC ASSISTANCE. I Boards of Guardians. I I he main duty ot Guardians is the ad- ministration of poor relief. Indoor relief must be given in case of necessity if the applicant can shew the required title of residence or settlement. The giving of outdoor relief is optional, but the Guardians should find work for every able-bodied man who is in receipt of such relief. The Guajrdlians are also charged with the control of the Registration of Births and Deaths within their district, and with the administration of the Vaccina- tion Acts and the Infant Life Protection Acts. They meet so much of their current expenses as is not covered by the income derived from property, subsidies, and the penalties for breaches of bye-laws, by levy- ing rates on the parishes within their district through the immediate agency of the Over- seers. Money for capital expenses is usually obtained by means of loans. The Local Government Board exercises a very close control over the actions of the various Boards of Guardians. Its sanction is required for the appointment and dismissal of officers; and it can even remove officers with- out the consent of the Board of Guardians which is concerned. It gives advice freely; and it can alter the boundaries of existing Unions, or even extinguish them altogether. It carefully audits the accounts of the Guar. dians twice a year, and its auditor has power to surcharge a defaulting Guardian with any expense which may have been improperly incurred at his instance. Note the rule as to settlement. Formerly, the parish in which a pauper was settled had to give him relief, and now, though parishes are no longer separately liable for the main- tenance of their own poor, the law of settle- ment still determines the liability of Unions. The following are the chief principles:— (1) Residence within the parish for a year, though it does not create a settlement, does away with the liability to removal (i.e., if while resident the pauper applies for relief it cannot be refused to him, but if he goes away he cannot be sent back to a parish in which he had only resided for a year). (2) If there has been no such residence, the pauper can be removed to the parish in which he was legally settled; the different titles to settlement taking effect in the follow- ing order:— (a) Residence in the parish for three years. (b) Failing this: (1) Ownership of property (2) Occupation of a tenement worth £ 10 a year; or (3) Apprentimeship within the parish when coupled with residence for 40 days. (c) In the last place recourse must be made to the parish where applicant was born. (3) In urgent cases relief must be given at once, and the removal made afterwards. Principles ef Poor Relief. The principles of Poor Relief under the Poor Relief Act, 1601, and the Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834, are:— (1) Relief, by the State for its own pro- tection and as a remedy against the evils of destitution. (2) Repression, by making the relief repul- sive to the moral sense, and severe in the treatment of the idle, immoral and vicious. (3) Remedial, in the provision of means to rear, educate and train children who are without proper protection and care. Relief is provided either by indoor, out- door or medical relief (I)Indoor or Institutional Relief is main- tenance supplied in accordance with the Poor Law Institutions Order, 1913, in an institu- tion such as (a) General Workhouses; (b) Workhouse Infirmaries; (c) District Sick Asylums; (d) Homes for Aged Poor; (e) Casual Wards; (f) District or separate Schools; (g) Scattered Homes (h) Cottage Homes; Boarding out; (j) Special or Joint Institutions. (2) Outdoor Relief or Domiciling Aliment is maintenance wholly or in part by means of an allowance in accordance with the Relief Regulation Order, 1911. (3) Medical Relief is all medical and surgical attendance, and all matter and things supplied by or on the recommendation of the medical ofifcer. Officers who are appointed subject to, and cannot be dismissed without, the approval of the Local Government Board, include: (I ) Clerk; (2) Treasurer; (3) Master and Matron of the Workhouse; (4) Relieving Officers (5) Medical Officers; (6) Such other officers as the Board of Guardians think necessary. Proposals for Reform of the Poor Laws. A Royal Commission was appointed on December 4th, 1905, to enquire into the working of the laws relating to the relief of the poor persons in the United Kingdom. Who were the eighteen Commissioners? Four of them were great officials of the Local Government Boards for England, Scotland, and Ireland-the very departments concerned These were no fewer than eight gentlemen and ladies who were or had been Guardians of the Poor. Seven of them were members of the Charity Organisation Society. Only two represented the great wage-earning class. Yet this Commission of eighteen members came to tfte unanimous conclusion:— 11 r'T"" lo aoohsh Boards of Guardians; (2) To abolish General Workhouses; (3) To give separate treatment to the aged, the weak, the able-bodied un- employed, and the loafer; (4) To detain the vagrants in colonies; (5) To institute Labour Exchanges; (6) To discourage or prevent boy labour; (7) To grant Old Age Pensions; (8) To institute State Insurance against Unemployment. (9) To discontinue the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905. Majority Recommendations (not included in above) (1) Public Assistance Authorities instead of Boards of Guardians, viz., Committees of County or County Boroughs for administra- tive purposes; (2) Public Assistance Committees to be partly nominated by Urban and Rural Dis- trict Cojncils, and Voluntary Aid Councils to deal with applicants; (3) Voluntary Aid Councils and Volun- tary Aid Committees to act as intermediaries between public assistance and charity; (4) County and Local Medical Assistance Committees to provide medical relief on a prodvdent basis; J (5) Institutional treatment to be curative and restorative, with periodical revision of cases (6) Outdoor Relief to be adequate to needs, subject to careful supervision, and case paper system to be adopted. (7) Public Assistance Service to be estab- lished, with qualifying examinations for higher positions. Minority Recommendations (not included in above) (1) Non-able bodied to be dealt with by existing committees of the County and County Borough Councils, viz.: (a) Education Committee: Children of school age (b) Health Committee: Sick and perma- nently incapacitated; infants under school age; aged needing institutional care (c) Asylums Committee: Mentally defec- tive of all grades and ages; (d) Pensions Committee: Aged to whom pensions are awarded. These Committees to be supervised by the appropriate Government Departments. (2) Able-bodied to be dealt with by an authority charged only with this specific duty. (3) Unemployment to be under the con- trol of a Minister for Labour charged with the duties previously referred to, together with the training of unemployed and control of Parliamentary funds for national schemes, including afforestation. (4) Registrars of Public Assistance to be appointed for local areas to prevent over- lapping. What seems to the Majority to be neces- sary is to set up a new Poor Law authority under a new name-acornplicated series of nominated committees, under a so-called public assistance authority, to be ap- pointed by the County or County Borough Council, but not to be subject to 'its criticism or control. These non-elective authorities, assisted by Voluntary Aid Committees, are to do the work now done by the Guardians; they are to do it, not on deterrent, but on curative and restorative lines. But this new public assistance authority is, like its precursor the Board of Guardians, to be rigidly restricted to the relief of destitute persons. It is, in fact, merely a Poor Law authority disguised under a new name. To this scheme the Minority object on many grounds, the most important being thai no Poor Law authority, however designated, can ever be successful in preventing desti- tution, or even in curing destitution; it can only relieve it. Following upon the publication of the Minority Report, The National Committee to Promote the Break-Up of the Poot Law was formed. Here are the eight points of their New Charter of the Poor:- I. To abolish the Boards of Guardians; to get rid of pauperism; both the name and the thing; and to substitute for the parochial relief of the Poor Law an entirely different method of provision for those needing public aid. II. To set on foot a systematic Crusade against Destitution in all its ramifications; against Jthe destitution caused by Unemploy- ment the destitution caused by Old Age; the destitution caused by Feeble-Mindedness and Lunacy; the destitution caused by Ill- Health and Disease; and the destitution caused by Neglected Infancy and Neglected Childhood. III. To empower and require the Local Education Authority to search out all chil- dren within its district who are destitute of proper nurture, and to apply to them the appropriate treatment. IV. To empower and require the Local Health Authority to search out all sick persons within its district who are destitute of medical attendance, and to supply to them either in their homes or in suitable institutions whatever may be deemed the most appropriate treatment. V. To empower and require the Local Lunacy Authority to search out all feeble- minded or mentally defective persons desti- tute of proper care and control within its dis- trict, and to make appropriate provision for them. VI. To empower and require the Local Pension Authority to search out all persons who are destitute from old age in its dis- trict, and to provide Old Age Pensions for such of them as are able and willing to live decently thereon. VII. To empower and require a new National Authority to search out all able- bodied persons destitute of employment, and to take the necessary steps both to diminish, as far as practicable, the social disease -of Unemployment and to supply proper main- tenance and training for those who are un- employed and unprovided for. VIII. To empower and require all preven- tive Authorities to enforce, by counsel and advice, by the sustained pressure of public opinion, and where needed by process of law, the obligation of all able-bodied persons to maintain themselves and their families in due health and efficiency. The Local Government Committee of the Ministry of Reconstruction on the Transfer cf the Functions of the Boards of Guardians issued their report in January, 1918. The Committee proposes that:- (a) The entire Poor Law, with all the Orders of the Poor Law Division of the Local Government Board, the whole system of deterrence and all taint of pauperism should come to an end (b) The Workhouse, the Stone Yard," and the Casual Ward should be abolished and (c) The Boards of Guardians should cease to exist. It is proposed that all the buildings and other property of the Poor Law Authorities should be handed over (with proper ad just- ments for differences of area and for debts) to the directly elected Town and County Councils, to be made use of for the services already administered by their Education, Health; Asylums, and other Committees, in whatever way these Councils find most con- venient. All the present officers of the Poor Law Authorities would either be offered situations, at least equivalent in value to those they now hold, or else be !ibera!)y compensated for loss of office or for any diminuation of emoluments of all kinds. The Poor Rate would no longer be levied. Thus the whole Poor Law system would be wound up and finally got rid of. But care must be taken that all the people now dealt with under the Poor Law are pro- vided for, without disturbance or the break of a single day, not only as well as they now are, but better; and that their legal right to maintenance is preserved. Dtbliography. (I) I he Charter of the Poor. Mrs. Sidney Webb and others. (Christian Common- wealth). Id. (2) The Abolition of the Poor Law. Mrs. Webb. (Fabian Tract). Id. > • v. » -5 (3) The Minority Report of the Poor Law Commission. Part I. The Break Up of the Poor Law. Is. (4) New Poor Law or No Poor Law. Various. (Dent). Is. (5) The Poor Law. T. W. Fowle. (Macmillan) 6d. (6) Tim State and the Poor. Drage. (Collins). Is. (7) Pauperism. Chas. Booth. (Mac- millan). 6d. (8). Our Treatment of the Poor. Chance. (King). Zs. 6d. (9) The English Poor Laws. Sophia Lonsdale. (King). Is. net. (10) Foreign Solutions of Poor Law Problems. Edith Sellers. H. Marshall). 2s. 6d.

I GLOWR Y DYFODOL. Dodger crati, yn watcho'r gaffcr,l arlafl, A'i gwrw, a'i amser; Shoni Hoi rhy gloi i gler, A i fo] yn wag for ever. COEDWR. I

Lloffion o Lanfifiangel. Yag Nghapel Carmel, nos Wener di- weddaf, cynhaliwyd cyngerdd tra llwydd- iannus, amcan yr hwn oedd croesawi chwech o filwyr yr eglwys. Llywyddwyd gan y gwemidog, y Parch. T. Thomas, ac aeth- pwyd trwy raglen faith a chymeradwy. Y mae y cyngerddau yma, er bron yn wyth- nosol, yn pa:rhau mewn bias a gwresogrwydd. Deallaf fod un eto wedi ei rybuddio i fod yn y Church Hall nos Sadwrn nesaf. Nos Sadwrn diweddaf, cynhaliwyd cyfar- fod adlomiadol yn Ysgoldy Golden Grove, dan nawdd Ysgol Sul yr Eglwys. Protodd yn fwynhaol ac adeiladol dros ben ni ellid llai aa chanmol pob ymdrech fu ynglyn at lwyddiant. Llywyddwyd mewn modd feistrolgar gan y Parch. E. D. Aldred Williams. Hefyd, gwobrwywyd y Jlywydd gan ddeiliaid yr Eglwys a rhodd werthfawr ar achlysur ei briodas. Da iawn fod y fath gysylltiad gynnes yn ffynnu rhwng bugail a phraidd. « Hefyd, nos Sadwrn, tyrrodd trethdalwyr y plwyf ynghyd i Carmel i ymdrin y mater o ethol cynrychiolwyr Sirol. Nodweddwyd y cyfarfod ag amrywiaeth barn, ac yn ddeilliedig o hynny daeth pedwar o enwau allan i ym- ladd am y sedd. Felly, gwynebir poethder yr ymdrech cyn hir. Y cymeriad mwyaf glan a gweithgar am dani. Mewn pianoforte playing examination gyn-* haliwyd yr wythnos ddiweddaf, deallaf tad pump o ddisgyblion Miss Eunice Thomas, A.L.C.M., Caeaunewydd, wedi pasio yn anrhydeddus. Da gennyf ei llongyfarch ar lwyddiant ei thalent i' r cyfeiriad yma, tra erys llawer mudiad yn y cylch yn ddyledus iddi am ei gwasanaeth gerddorol. Aed yr ei blaen nes dod yn Ddoctores. Llawen gennyf hefyd gael cyfle i longyfarch talentau y cylch gipiont amryw wobrwyon yn Eisteddfod Llandebie, yr wythnos ddi- weddaf. Mae D. Daves, y got, yn cyflym ddiingo grisiau uchel fel- tenorydd, a chlywir mwy am dano eto, a Miss Olwen Stephens ar lwybrau union Madam Patti.

CYMRU. (Darn i Blani). Gymru fechan, gwlad y delyn, Gwlad y gan, y maw l, a .r emyn, Hoffi dod mae mwyn ion engyl Nef y nef i Gymru annwyl. Gwlad y bryniau a'r mynyddoedd, Gloew neint, a phert ddyffrynoedd, MiwSii sy'n dy holl av.nelon,— 'Rwy' R dy garu yn fy nghalon. Gwlad gwroniiaid dewr, Llewelyn. Glyndwr, Picton,-dychryn gelyn; Er amddlffyn gwlad y bryniau Ffrydio'n llif wnaeth gwaed fy nhadau. Gwlad hen Ddewi'r Sant a'r Cristion, Gwlad John Penri'r merthyr ffyddion, Cest fendithion yn gawodau. Ail i Ganaan fu dy ffafrau.. Iaith fy rgwlad rwy' am;'n ffoli, Y wen Gymraeg 'does debyg iddi; ym mhellter byd y trigaf, Iaith fy mam byth ni anghofiaf. Cwmaman, JOHN JONES Cwmaman.

PENILLION Cyfansoddwyd ar farwolaeth y diweddar Mr- Morley Rees, Swyddfa'r Cawdor, Garnant. Llawer noson wyf yn teimlo Hiraeth yn fy n,gw,gtin ddwys, Pan yr ydwyf yn adgofio Fod fy nghyfaill dan y gwys. Gweld ei le yn wag bob amser Pan yn myned fewn i'r tý; Gweld ei briod hoff dan brudd-der, Ac yn tywalilt dagrau'n llu. Caled ydyw peidio wylo Gyda hi 'n ei gofid ilym Er pob ymdrech Îw chvsuro, Nid yw'r clwyf yn gwella dim. Welwyd gwr erioed mwy adcfwvn. A mwy ffyddion idd ei fun? Mewn ychydig llai na blwyddyn, Hi adawyd wrth ei hun. Bachgen parod i gymwynas Ydoedd Morley, glan ei v/edd; Hyfryd oedd ei fwyn gymdeithas, Meddai ysbryjl llawn o hedd. Hoffai beunydd wneud daioni, Ar ei wyneb byth,roedd gwg Meddai galon llawn haelioni, Rhydd o bob cynllwynion drwg. Gan y gweithwyr yn y lofa 'Roedd efe yn annwyl iawn; Melys ganddynt ydyw coffa Am ei wir barodrwydd llawn. Gwnaeth ei waith yn Swyddfa'r Cawdotr I foddlonrwydd pawb yn llwyr; Mewn ffigyrau 'roedd yn gampwr, Gweithiodd ynddynt ddydd a hwyr. Rhoddodd lam i'r byd tragwyddol, Marw fu ym more Ii oes; Mae mewn gwlad sy mwy hvtrydol, Lie nad yw yn cario'r groes. Mae e' r awrhon yn gorffwyso Fewn y nef, paradwys Ion, Lie nid mwyach caiff ei flino Gan un gelym, clwy', na phoen. Gyda teulu'r gwawl yn llawen Trigo mae yn mynwes Ouw; Ac mewn perffaith dydd diorffen, Gwella wnaiff a bythol fyw. CYFAILL.

Brynamman Concert. To -augment their funds, the members of the Brynamman Bit-Badge League held a most successful miscellaneous concert on Saturday evening, at Gibea Chapel, under the presidency of Ald. W. J. Williams, J.P., Ammanlfryn. who is also the president of the League. Mr. T. M. Walters (Butts) conducted the proceedings. Aid. W. J. Williams, in his opening speech, dealt concisely with the aims and objects of the League, and the claims it had on the sympathy of the masses and the coun- try's exchequer. He defined the great hard- ships and sufferings the lads had borne for the sake of their country, and all the com forts they had foregone to go and fight for Justice and the Right. The National Federation existed to see that not one of the heroes or their dependents was oppressed in any way. They were truly entitled to be re-installed in the respective employments they were en- gaged in before the war; and if they were so maimed and incapacitated as to be unable to fill those particular vocations, efforts would be made to find work more suited to their physical state and condition. They deserved all we could do for them. They had done everything in their power to save our homes and interests. They claimed a respectable and honourable living and position in life, and with a little patience he believed that these would be restored to them. They are assiduously at It, and they demand our assist- ance to reach the goal in front of their deter- mined march. The accompanist of the evening was Mr. Sam Williams, A.R.A.M., A.V.C.M., who ably discharged these duties. The conductor introduced the artistes to the audienca, the dimensions of which defied the spacious seat- ing capacity of the edifice. Many had to be content with standing room only, and many others had to retrace their steps disappointed. The programme was opened with a splen- did quartette by the artistes, A Regular Royal Queen." The rendering infuse. vivacity and spirit into the event. Mr. W. Dyfnant Davies, Penygraig, the basso, made his first appearance on a Brynamman stage, and sang Cymru in a most artistic manner. He won the admiration of the crowd completely, at the same time winning the highest opinion of the audience. Sound an Alarm, by the inspiring veteran tenor of Pontardulais, moved the crowd to a Jiigh pitch of enthusiasm, which eventually burst forth into a rollicking encore. An able response was given. Madam May Roberts. Llandebie (principal contralto of Madam Hughes-Thomas' Ladies' Choir, which suc- cessfully toured the United States and the Colonies), evidently had chosen the most sublime compositions from her extensive stock. Her exceptionally melodious voice, combined with the lofty character of her songs, created a deep and lasting effect. The audience manifested their high appreciation in no half- measured way. Madam Roberts sang How lovely are Thy dwellings." Love the Pedlar, by the Godre'rgraig soprano, Miss E. A. Joshua, was sung in a very enticing style, and she came in for lavish encomiums. Mr. Dan Matthews, the star reciter of Pontar- dulais, had appeared before a Brynamman audience previously, and the audience hailed his reappearance with great applause. He rented Billy." and if ever an artiste held an audience on his lip," so to speak, Ap Dulais did this evening. The silence of the graveyard outside reigned within, until it was broken by a storm of cheers, denoting a call for more. Mr. Matthews again enraptured the audience with a lighter piece. An in- spiring rendition of Y Ddau Arwr by Messrs. Davies and Rees served as a befitting climax to the first part. The Conductor, during the interval, made an appeal to the audience to become mem- bers of the League as honorary members. There were already about 70 members n this section of the constitution, and about one hundred active members, all these being de- mobilised so ldiers and sailors. The latter met every Wednesday evening, and were dtesirous that everyone /who had been in khaki or blue should join. Similar branches had been established in every town and village throughout the country, and the Fede- ration promises to develop into a powerful and influential body. They are already con- templating running a member to represent them directly on the County Council. It appears rather regrettable that the heroic band who fought and won the great and sanguinary world war should again have to prepare for another campaign. Just a lictle bit of string was sung by Miss Joshua to launch the second part, and it was a very sweet rendition. Madam Roberts sang that lovely song, "The Rosary, remarkably impressive. Baner ein Gwlad," by Mr. Rees, again roused the patriotism of 'hi s listeners to a high plane. He was again recalled. Mr. Dyfnant Davies completely cap- tured the ? assembly with a masterly vocalisa- tion of Shipmates o' Mine," and had to respond. Mr. Matthews, the elocutionist, again brought down the house with that popular exhortative and descriptive tract W.l Bryan a' r Cloc," Mr. W. Rees posing as the ministerial student. He acknowledged an irresistible recall with an excellent inter- pretation of The Miser." The artistes ap- peared i* n the finaL, and sang the Welsh National Anthem, the congregation ioining in the retrain. Votes of thanks were accorded to the presi- dent, the conductor and Mr. Matthews being the movers; while the artistes were accorded a similar recognition. The Brynamman Band enhanced the event considerably by parading the streets prior to the event, with the Bit-Badge boys bringing up the rear, carrying a flag with the words, Give to those who gave you," in em- blazoned letters thereon. Mr. W. Llewelyn conducted The chairman of committee was Dr. W. Corkey, M.D. treasurer, Mr. Harold Rees, Albion House; secretary, Mr. R. J. Davies, Banwen Schools; chairman of League, Mr. W. Davies treaSurer- Mr. Handel Jcnes. The lads who fought and won beg to thank the public for their unstinted support in making their first concert such a grand success, and hope for a continuation of the same in the future. •; ).

Y Deffroad Gwerinol. (Parhad). II. Beth yW achlysur neu achlysuron y cynhwrf presennol? Mae achlysur pob deffroad yn nes atom na'r achos ohono. Angenrhaid yw cael llygad mwy treiddgar i ganfod aches nag sydd eisieu i ganfed achlysur. Dim end a-ros yn sylwgar uwch- ben y wedd yma i'r pwnc o dan ystyriaeth, gwelir fod yna amryw o achlysuron amlwg iawn. (1) Budrelw (Profiteering). Nid oes angen i mi ddweyd fod kwn yn un or achlysuron mwyaf ymarferol. Ni fu y fath ddadleniad erioed ar dduw Mamon nag yn ystod y blynyddau diweddaf hyn. Mae yna argraff, pa un ai cywir Reu anghywir, fod yna rhai perthynol i'r Llywodraeth mewn cyfathrach a' r budr-elwyr, ac fod y cyfryw yn parlysu braich bwrdd-lluniaeth. Os na wna y Llywodraeth bresennol rhywbeth yn ddiymdroi, ofn.wyf y bydd hyd yn oed i ddynion cymedrol cael eu gwneud yn ddynion eithafol. Bu'r werin yn foddlon dioddef yn dawel yn ystod y rhyfel. Ond nid oes esgus mwy am barhad pethau fel y maent. Meddylier, er enghraifft, am 50 per cent. tal teithio. Yn enw rheswm, pa ystyr sydd i'w barhad? Os nad hyn: Er mwyn digroenio pregethwyr y Methodistiaid sydd o dan orfod teithio yn 01 y drefn bresennol, neu lethu teithwvr nwyddau diwydiannol. Nis gellir oddef peth fel hyn yn hwy. Os r.a ddaw gwelhant buan, y mae yna bethau annymunol yn bosibl. (2) Yr Etholiad Diweddaf. Darfu i r modd sydyn a'r dull anheilwng o weithredu ynglyn a' r etholiad diweddaf ennyn drwg- dybiaeth yn meddwl y werin. Dywedid gan rhai yn dd:staw bach maj'r amcan oedd cael coupon victory cyn fod y werin yn dihuno. Beth bynnag oedd yr amcan, barn hyd yn oed ymlynwyr ffyddlonaf y Prif Weinidog a phob newyddiadur crefyddoI oedd mai blunder oedd yr etholiad, o ba safle bynnag yr edrychid ami. Rhaid cyfaddef ei bod yn fuddugoliaeth fawr i bersonoliaeth Mr. Lloyd George. Ond nid 343 Toriaid sydd yn y Senedd yn cymychioli neb. Y mae eu I presenoldeb yno l w briodoli yn hollol l r Cymro cyfareddol o Griccieth. Mae cam- gymeriad yr etholiad yn dadlenn.i ei hun fwy- fwy o ddydd i ddydd. Mae hyd l yn. oed y Daily Mail," Haw dde y Prif Weinidog, yn dechreu bod yn llawdrwm arno. Geilw ef yn awr, The Premier who took the wrong turn. Before the election, last Novem- ber, the Daily Mail warned Mr. Lloyd George. We advised him strongly to declare a programme of domestic policy. We begged him to separate the sheep from the goats. He may flatter himself that he has gained the support of 343 Tories. Politically '? h e in d u they do not exist. The industrial unrest which is now spreading in a wave over the country is. in our opinion, very largely due to the disappointment caused by the consti- tution of the new Government. Imagine the 343 Tories without Lloyd George." Dyna farn newyddiadur fu yn dwr ac yn darian îr Prif Weinidog. Wrth gwrs, nid oes a fynnwyf yn awr a gwaith y Daily Mail," yn ol ei arfer, yn duweiddio ei farn ei hun ac yn rhyw dybio ei hun yn anffaeledig. Ond beth bynnag yw bai y Daily Mail," credaf y carasai weld y werin yn cael chwarae teg. 0 leiaf, y mae wedi gosod ei law ar y drwg. Nid fy mhwrpas yw gwleid- ydda. Gadawaf hynny i'r gwleidyddwr. Fy amcan yw traethu yn syml a diaddurn ar achlysuron yr anesmwythyd presennol. (3) Corfforiad Hawliau. Gair mawr a phwysig yw'r gair hawliau." Dyma arwyddair y cynhwrf presennol. Y mae pawb bron heddyw yn son am eu hawliau a'u hawlfreintiau. Ychydig, os dim, son sydd am ddyledswyddau. Ond cofier, yn swn gorhoian hawliau, fod y fath beth yn bod a rhwymedigaethau. Nid yw rhyfedd, mewn un ystyr, fod y werin mor fyw "w hawliau heddyw. Pobl ydynt wedi arfer clust-ymwrando ar y meistr yn galw, ac yn eu hadgoffa byth ac hefyd o'u dyledswyddau. Teimlant ei bod yn Hawn bryd iddynt hwythau son tipyn am eu hochr hwy i'r pwnc. Y gwir plaen ydyw, y mae yn well gan bob dyn rhodio yn Ilennyrch hawliau na dyledswydd. Mewn geiriau craill, y mae pob dyn- yn hunanol wrth natur. Buddiol, serch hynny, yw deffro dynion Ï w haw liau. Wrth wneud hyany, deuant i ymdeimlo i rhyw urddas cyn hen id a berthyn ï w natur. Gair mawr hefyd yw y gair corfforiad." Yr wyf wedi defnyddio'r gair o bwrpas, gan ei fod yn esbonio grym yr ymdeimlad o hawliau nodwedda werin y byd heddyw. Tuedd popeth heddyw yw ymgorffori. Mewn undeb y mae nerth." Dydd yr undebau ydyw hwn. Y mae cydwybod y werin heddyw yn crio am undeb, nid undeb dosbarthiadau, ond undeb byd-eang. Credaf fod undeb o'r fath hynny o hyd golwg. Nid yw ond cwestiwn o ychydig amser cyn y ca ei sylweddoli. Pwnc diddorol iawn l t yw. Beth yw perthynas yr unigolyn a chymdeithas, neu pa le y mae y linell-derfyn rhwng hawl yr unigolyn ac hawl cymdeithas? Pa mor rhydd y gal! yr unigolYll fod heb dreisio ar hawl cymdeithas? Ai hawliau diamodol yw pob hawl fedd yr unigolyn? A oes haul ganddo fod yn ddeddf iddo ei hun, Beu, o'r ochr arall, pa le y mae haw I cymdeithas ar yr unigolyn yn terfynnu? A yw hwn eto yn ddiamodol? Gofod cc amser a balla i mi ateb y cwestiynnau hyn. Gadawaf hwynt oi chwi i feddwl ymhellach uwch eu pen. (4) Anghyfiawnder yn Amodau Bywyd. Wrth gwrs, afraid yw dweyd fod yna gyswllt rhwng yr oH o'r achlysuron hyn i raddau mwy neu lai. Gwerin wedi delIroi aagnyfartalwch amodau bywyd yw gwerin y byd heddyw. Nid gwiw dweyd wrth ddynion bellach am ymfoddloni ar eu cyflwr I a greddfau anniddigrwydd wedi ymddefiro ynddynt! Pe dywedid hynny wrth ddynion neb ymdeimlo a u hawliau, buasai rhyw obaith ïr anogaeth Kvyddo. Ond ynfyd- rwydd yw dweyd wrth ddynion wedi eu Ilethu gan amgylchiadau y rhyfel ddiweddaf i gysgu yn dawel. Nid yw hynny ond cell- wair a pherygl. Pa bwrpas fuasai dweyd wrth y llew, yn y boreu yn blygeiniol, pan aiff allan i chwilio am gynhaliaeth i'w geuawon, am orwedd yn llonydd? Mac y teimlad gwasaidd wedi trengu o natur y werin. Y mae hyd yn oed brodonon India bellach wedi dihuno ïw hawliau. Y dded- fryd yn Eden oedd, Trwy chwys dy wyneb bwytei fara." Onid oedd yn ddealledig y pryd hwn fod y goelfarn i ddisgyn ar bav.b? Mae' n amlwg fod rhywrai trwy gyfrwysdra wedi lbvyddo i osgoi y rkan yma o' r dded- fryd. Pa synnwyr yw fod un yn cael ei eni yn dlawd, heb feddu dim darpariaeth ar gyfer ei ddyfodiad i'r byd, ac un arall, cyn agor ei lygaid, ynghanol hawddfyd miliynnau y miliwnydd? A yw yn iawn fod un yn gorfod "'fW ar sa1Íth a chwech yr wytbos, a'r Hall yh marw gwerth ugain miliwr. ? Pwy bynnag ddywed mai ordeiniad Rhagluniaeth yw hynny a dyn anfri ar gymeriad Duw. Nage! Nid oes gan ordeiniad dwyfoJ dm: i wnud i'r cyfryw anghysondebau. Nid o Dduw y mae, ond o ddiafot. Meddylier do am drosedd yn erbyn personoliaeth ac yn erbyn eiddo. Hyd yn ddiweddar, os nad yn awr, mewn ambell I le, yr oedd trosedd yn erbyn pheasants a ieir y mynydd yn fwy nag yn erbyn personau yng ngolwg ambell i fainc o ynadon ariannol. Rhaid dweyd ei bod wedi gwella llawer yn y cyfeinad hwn yn y blynyddau diweddaf. Y mae nifer perchenogion pheasants ar y fainc ynadol yn llai heddyw nag a fu ond y mae llawer gormod ohonynt eto. Beth am gyfoeth y wlad? Ai prinder cyfoeth sydd yn cyfrif am y diffyg yn ei ddosraniad? Ai oferedd rhai sydd yn cyfrif na fuasent mewn amgylchiadau mwy clyd? (le, rhai, yn ddi- amheu). Ond beth am y miloedd dynion dichlynaidd' eu cymeriadau sydd yn methu cael y ddau ben ynghyd, nid oherwydd un- rhyw fai o'u tu hwy; dim ond yn unig fod ffrwyth cyfoeth yn rhedeg i droi melinnan y miliwnydd? Depend upon it, these contra- dictions go deep." Nid beio y cyfalafwr fel y cyfryw yr wyf yn awr, ond y system sydd yn gwneud peth fel hyn yn bosibl. Mae yna rywbeth yn wreiddiol o'i le yn y gyfundrefn economaidd bresennol. Nid ar y dynion y mae'r bai. Y mae cystal dynion—dynion mor honourable-ymysg cyfalafwyr ag sydd ymysg y werin. Dyna fy mhrofiad personol i. Beth sydd o le, ynte? Yn rhanol, dyna sydd—y cyswllt cyllidol presennol. Nis gall y drefn ddiwfdiannol bresennol barhau heb fyned o ddrwg i waeth. III. Pa fodd i ddiogelu y Deffroad Pre- sennol? Sut y mae ei gadw rhag myned oddiar y rhetliau? Cydnebydd pawb na ddaw dim ohono os na ellir ei ddiogelu. I' w ddiogelu rhaid: (1) Symleiddio'r cyswllt diwydiannol rhwng Cyfalaf a Llafur. Un o effeithiau gwareiddiau gau yw y broblem economaidd a diwydiannol. Mae gau wareiddiad wedi gwneud amgylchiadau bywyd yn ddyrus a chymhleth. Y canlyniad yw nas gellir deddfu heddyw heb gymeryd mil a mwy o bethau i ystyriaeth. Y mae' r gyfundrefn ddiwyd- lannol (industrial system) bresennol wedi torri l lawr. Fel y gwyr pawb sydd wedi astudio egwyddorion economaidd, mae hawliau a dyledswydd iddynt fod yn gyfiawn ac yn rhesymol yn gorffwys ar iawn- berthynas. Beth am berthynas Cyfalaf a Llafur? Onid oes rhywbeth erchyll o le yn y cyswllt? Nid yw y berthynas rhwng Cyfalaf a Llafur yn un foesol. Pam hynny? Oblegid hyn-rhydd gyfle i Gyfalaf i wasgu y gweithiwr hyd yr eithaf, ac i' r gweithiwr lethu Cyfalaf trwy rhwystro olwyn diwyd- iant i droi. Nid dynio-n yw y gweith- wyr yngolwg Cyfalaf, ond dwylo." Nid ydynt ond rhan o' r peniant. Beth yw eu gwertn diwydiannol yw y cwestiwn mawr. Ni ddylai y pethau hyn fod, ac ni chant fod. Rhaoid moesoli y berthynas mewn rhyw fodd neu gilydd. Nid peiriant i droi allan nwyddau ydyw dyn grewyd ar ddelw Duw. Perthynas oer, greulawn, dienaid yw yr un cydrhwng Cyfalaf a Llafur. Yr oedd yr hen berthynas, beth bynnag oedd y diffyg", o leiaf yn foesol. beth yw setlo ambell I streic yma a thraw, ond nid yw hynny, wedi'r cwbl, ond delio a margin y drwg a gadael y canolbwynt heb ei gyffwrdd. Nid dod yma yr wyf fi i ddweyd pa fath berthynas ddylasai fod rhwng Cyfalaf a Llafur. Dod yr wyf fi i egluro cyflwr pethau. Perthyn i diriogaeth y specialist mewn gwleidyddiaeth y. mae'r pwnc Yr oedd yn un gynnes a phersonol. Purion o ddeddfwnaeth. Creu amgylchion (environ- ment) ffafriol i ddeddfwriaeth yw amcan y proffwyd. Beth yw cenadwri yr Efengyl parthed diwydianaeth? Hyn-y mae pob gweithiwr yn fwy nag olwyn, ac ei bod yn gam a" enaid I' w ystyried fel Haw hen offeryn i droi aman nwyddau. Beth bynnag sydd yn dibrisio personoliaeth, edrychir amo gan yr Efengyl yn anfeidrol mwy o drosedd nag yn erbyn eiddo (property). Daw can Tom Hood im meddwl fan yma, sef Can y Crys 0 men with sisters dear, 0 men with mothers and wives, It is not linen you're wearing out, But human, creatures' lives. Stitch Stitch Stitch In poverty, hunger and dirt." Rhaid i'r werin Iynnu wrth grefydd er mwyn diogelu y deffroad. Ystyr hyn yw na fedd materoliaeth ddim fedr ei gadw rhag dirywio yn gynhwrf dilywodraeth ac hunanol. Religion, meddai Professor Henry Jones, is a sustained habit of con- templating human affairs in the light of ulti- mate issues. It therefore brings order and system into human life, correcting the abstraction of selfishness, passion znd desire. It throws upon the world the quiet light of a larger day." Yn y Pholdrus, cyffelyba Plato yr enaid i gerbydwr gyda phar o feirch adeiniog, un yn ddu a nsarwol, a'r llall yn wyn ac anfarwol. Mae y march anfarwol wedi ei gynysgaeddu ag adenydd i ehedeg gyda'r ddaear. Rhuthra tuag i lawr-gwaelod (ground fjfor) y bwystfil. Defnyddia y cerbydwr en fa a ffrwyn, gan orchuddio tafod n a gwenau y march du a gwaed i geisio atal ei rhuthr ffyrnig ac anmiwall. Diolch am ddameg yr hen athronydd paganaidd; end rhagorach goleunii y Crist ddatguddiodd urddas dyn. "Pa leshad i ddyn," medd Efe, os enMHa yr holl fyd a cholli ei enaid ei hun) Nid yw bywyd neb yn sdyU .1' amlder y pethau sydd ganddo. Y mae gwerth dyn, medd crefydd, yn gynhenid. Mae ganddo hawl felly i oreu deufyd, a cha oreu deufyd hawl arno yntau. Gwael- der gweriniaeth rhag rhodio ris Hewyrch ser marw materoliaeth. Perthynas ein bywyd a'r tragwyddol esyd werth anniflan aT yr enaid. Sychedig yw fy enaid am Dduw. Yr hwn nad yw wedi ei ddeffro Ïr brydol, nid yw ond creadur hunanol. Dilyner ei gamrau, ac fe welir mai byw iddo ei hun yw arwyddair lywodraethol ei fywyd. Y weledigaeth sydd eisieu heddyw ar weriniaeth yw honno feithrina syched am fywyd cyflawn deufyd. Njd oes eisieu cau dorau'r Nef wrth agor dorau'r ddaear.

PRESWYL FY MEBYD. I Fythol ni welaf fwthyr—i'm henaid Mwy annwyl a dillyn; Eurog gell rhwng muriau gwyn Ag eira ar ei goryn. O r lluoedd dyma'r lleiaf-a welais A'r aelwyd wresocaf; Dan ei fri bu' n aden fraf I gywion, tawer gaeaf. Ei aelwyd a ddwyn olioo-dihysbydd, Dwys, buddiol gynghorion A i ddel sedd a ddeil i son Oludoedd i hen ddeiladcri. Ei do gwyngalchog. D. BRYNFAB THOMAS. I

I BLAENAU. Cynhahwyd eisteddfod lwy d diannus ym Methel, Bta?nau. dydd Sadwrn diweddaf, pryd y IIywyddwy? yn ddeheuig Mr ?Wm. Williams, Y.H., Penygroes. Y !beimiaJd oeddent:—Cerddoriaeth, Mr. Arthur Moses, A.L. C.M., Bettws; amrywiaeth, Mr. W. Jones (Gwilym Myrddin), Bettws, yi hwn hefyd oedd arweinydd y dydd. Cyfeil- awyd gan Mr. Gethin Jones, Cross Hands. Gwobrwywyd fel a ganlyn:—Pedwarawd: Parti'r Blaenau (arweinydd, Mr. Luther Davies). Prif unawd: Mrs. Nicholas, Peny- groes. Unawd soprano neu denor: Mr. Evan Evans, Glanaman. Unawd contralto neu bass: Mr. Beynon, Llandebie. Unawd novice: Miss Letitia Davies, Blaenau. Unawd ferched dan 16: Elvira Williams, Gamant. Unawd i fcchgyn dan 16: Cyril Isaiah BevaR, Gamant. Unawd i blant dan 12: I, Decima Morgan, Llandebie; 2, Cyril Bevan, Gar- nant. Cyfansoddi ton: Narcissus (heb ateb ei enw). Prif adroddiad: Miss Maude Evans (Llanferch), Llandebie. Adroddiad i blant dan 16: Edith WiUiams, Tycroes. Adroddiad 1 blant dan 12: 1, rhannwyd rhwng Phyllis Elias, Saron, a Millicent Collins, Cwmgwili; 2, Nancy Lewis, Blaenau. Tri pheripill: Rhannwyd rhwng Mr. Rhvs D. Rees (Rhydfab Hendre) ac Addolwr ymhlith y Miedd" (heb ateb ei enw) Traethawd, Heddwch Mr. Henry Jas. Evans, Caerbryn. Araith," Y Tywydd Mr. J. Rees Davies, Tumble. Mr. James Davies, Brynytannau, Blaenau, oedd cadeir- ydd y pwyligor; Mr. J. R. Thomas, Lan- lash, Llandebie, trysorydd"; a Mr. John Davies, Llety'rywen, Blaenau, ysgrifennydd. Priated and Published by the Amman Valley Chronicle, Limited, at their Offices, Quay Street, Ammanford, in the County of Car martheo, February 20tK '9"