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SPORTS AND PASTIMES.I
SPORTS AND PASTIMES. I The attempt to raise a sensation in regard to the Calcutta sweep and the rather un- usually big field for this year's Derby has fallen very flat in racing circles, writes Asmodeus," for the stories circulated that certain owners who ran horses possessing but outside chances in the big race were induced to do so for a monetary consideration by those -who had drawn horses in the great IndÜw lot- tery is generally discredited. Moreover, it is difficult to see how the Jockey Club can or would prevent any owner from running a Diorse who is duly qualified to tako part in the Derby. Now, amongst the horses who started at forlorn odds were those owned by such good sportsmen as the Duke of Portland, Lord Carnarvon, Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, Colonel E. W. Baird, Mr. RusHel, M. Aumom, Mr. George Ed warden, Mr. James Buchanan, Mr. W. Clark, and Mr. Hulton. Would any of these gentlemen have had their horses saddled for a secondary consideration other than that connected with the race? The idea is preposterous. Lord Cheylesmore, presiding at a meeting of the National Rifle Association, said that at this year's Bisley the central for match xifle competitions would be 24in. in diameter to count six; for service rifle competitions the bull's-eye of the 500 yards target would be reduced from 18in. diameter to 16in. The time-limit for each separately-signalled shot at 600 yards and under would be 30see., and in all other competitic; s one minute from the time at which the target is clear. It is announced by the National flifle Asso- ciation, subj ect to final verification, that Colonel Schumacher's Empire Day Challenge Cup competition has been won by the 4th Bat- talion of the King's Royal Rifles, now at Hawal Pindi, with a score of 2,740 points out of a possible 4,000. Judging by the published particulars of tI e three American yachts from which an America Cup defender is to be selected, one gathers, says a Standard writer, that the Herreshoff boat approximates most nearly to the normal type fostered by the universal rule, in which case, should she turn out to be the "vessel chosen as defender in the Cup races, she will be in the receipt of a consider- able amount of time allowance; and it is more than probable that the great American de- signer has concentrated his powers on pro- ducing a boat which will be seen at her best at windward work and in running before the wind. Three of the races out of five, or possibly two out of three, will be sailed fifteen miles to windward and return," and it will be the object of the yacht of smaller rating, if not quite so fast as her larger opponent, to stick as close to her rival as possible on the turn to windward and blanket her on the return journey before the wind. Assuming Sham- rock IV. to be the faster all-round vachi. of the two, the actual result of the series of races for the Cup will depend largely upon whether or not she is relatively a good per- former to windward. In the event of Vanitie or Defiance being selected as defender, the same probabilities hold good, especially, we think, in the case of Vanitie, but not to such a marked degree as would be the case were Resolute the chosen vessel. The Russian Government has notified from St. Petersburg that Finland will not be allowed to take part under her own name in the Olympic Gaines in Berlin in 1916. and the Finnish Olympic Committee will probably very soon be dissolved by command of General Sevn. The' Russian Government (Reuter's Agency states) had previously ap- proached the International Olympic Commit- tee, but that body refused to exclude the Finns or the member for Finland (Baron von Willebrand), or otherwise place the Finnish athletes under Russian control. If the Berlin committee, directing the games, takes up an attitude similar to that of the Central Com- mittee in Paris it is difficult 'to see how the Finnish men can be prevented from going to Berlin, except.. by imprisoning them in a fortress and confiscating the money of the Finnish Olympic Committee. Finland was the fourth nation at Stockholm and Russia was fifteenth. The Scottish professional golf champion- ship, which concluded on Friday on the North Berwick Burgh course, provided a new win- ner. D. P. Watt, the Mortonhall professional, by accomplishing 9 fine fourth round ol seventy-one, ousted his brother Willie Watt (Dirleton) from the leadership, which he had held from the start, and won by a couple of strokes. 0 Yves, a one armed French golfer, who is an assistant professional at La, Boulie, Ver- sailles, intends, the Dally ill oi f says, to take part in the British Open Championship at Prestwick this month. Yves, an extraordin- arily fine golfer, has done La Boulie in seventy-three strokes. He does not expect to be in the running for the championship, but in ihe opinion of Arnaud Massy Yrek is good enough to survive the qualifying round at Troon on June 11th and 12th. The programme for the Lancashire amateur championship meeting arranged annually by the Lancashire Union of Gold Clubs pro- mises four full days' play on the Southport and Ai'nsdaie links on July 1st to 4tli. On the first dav there will be 3G holes stroke play, by which the first sixteen will qualify for the championship match play. The scores made that day will also count for the team cham- pionship. On the Thursday the first and second rounds of the' championship matches will be played, as well as a handicap competi- tion over eighteen holes among players having a handicap of ten or under; on Friday there will be the semi-ifnals and final of the championship, and a second division handi- cap; and on Saturday there will be a county match against the Midlands, who are new 4pponeli ts for Lancashire. The information is to lnnd that Emil Voigt, the amateur vegetarian runner, lias re- turned from Australia. Jt will be remem- bered that Voigt, who was a member of the Manchester Athletic Club, won the mile A.A.A. championship in 1910. He was als;o successful in winning the four miles A.A.A. championship two years consecutively, in 1908 and 1909. Voigt was the prime mover in the organisation of the Amateur Athletes' Union, which only became defunct when he left this country for Australia about three years ago. He was a strong advocate of making the A.A.A. championships peramhulatcrv. He endeavoured to induce the authorities to hold the championships alternately in the North, South, and the Midlands, as he believed it would be an effectual means of reviving in- terest in the sport. Mr. P. A. Timbs, the lion, treasurer, re- ported to the annual meeting of the Amateur Football Association that last season resulted in a loss of C5. though there was a balance in "hand of 4:73 17s. 7d. Mr. Wreford Brown said that although the A.F.A. had joined with the F.A. lie hoped all clubs would do their utmost to keep up the strength and status of the A.F.A., and while if they could not ap- preciably strengthen their position, 1m» "trusted that the Association would at least re- main as strong as it was at present. The famous stud of hackneys belonging to the late Mr. William Foster has been sold at Mel Valley, Birmingham. Chief interest cen- tred in Mel Valley Bauble, champion at the London Hackney Show this year, and de- scribed as the best pony, alive under 13'2. Bid- ding started at 200 guineas, and the pony finally went to Mr. Bourne, of Watford, for 1,150 guineas, which constitutes a world's re- cord. Mr. Bourne also purchased Mel Valley's Fame, a five,-year-olA bay gelding, for 526 guineas. G. Hierons and H. Cowdray, the Queen's dub professionals, will play an exhibition singles lawn-tennis .match at Queen's Club, "West Kensington, on Saturday, June 13th, at three o'clock. -They will also engage in two -or three doubles matches against prominent amateurs, but the final arrangements fot these are not yet definitely fixed.
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WORIC AND WORKERS. I
WORIC AND WORKERS. I The London master builders, following on the decisive rejection of the terms they offered to their men, have sent their demand -,o the National Federation of Building Trade Employers of Great Britain and Ireland that hey should keep the promise made on May litli and declare a national look-out. If a national lock-out is declared half a million men will be affected. In the event of the National Federation adopting the suggestion of the Loudon master builders a ballot of members would have first to be taken. A special council would also have to be called to approve the ballot paper circulated. It is not likely that any meeting of the council will be held until June 9th, and in that case some time would elapse before a lock-out could be effective. The dispute has now been narrowed down practically to the question of the C -mloyraeit of non-unionists, although the men declare that the money penalty; nominally dead, in reality remains in operation. The present situation offers another illustration, remarks the (Uohv, of the tendency in the labour world to reject the advice of leaders. The officials of the London Building Indusfries Federation were in favour of the latest terms being ac- cepted, but did not offer any official advice in this direction. At present the dispute affects two bodies only—the London' Master Builders' Associa- tion on the one side, and the Building Indus- trie's Federation oil the other. The hitter comprises the eleven trade unions most closely associated with the industry, and can, there- fore, claim to represent the men's side in the dispute. The Master Builders' Association, on the other hand; dees not represent the ol t l l?? (?tIlL whole of the building trade, and therein is the difficulty of its position. It has a member- ship of about 3O0. and includes all the big firms, about twenty, who undertake the most important class of work, such as Government offices and other public buildings, but outside its ranks there are probably 3,000 or 4.000 builders employing a few hands only within a radius of twenty miles of Charing Cross. These smaller concerns have as yet taken no part in the struggle, and their work has not been interfered with irl any way. The fact that the dispute affects one firm and does not affect another makes it ex- tremely difficult, says the Time*, to estimate the loss to trade and to the community7 generally which this prolonged struggle has caused. While the work on the new County Hall, for instance, is practically at a stand- still because the contractors are members of the Master Builders' Association, operations are in full swing on certain buildings in Kingsway where the employers are not in the association, and at Millbank, where the work is being done by a Southend firm. In the last ballot on the employers' proposals 27,000 men voted, but these men are not all out of work at the present time. It is known that many'of the men have obtained work with firms outside the Masters' Association, this being particularly so in the case of the labourers, whose funds available for lock-out pay were exhausted at an early stage of the dispute. Others have obtained irregular work, but there are still some thousands of men who are living on the lock out pay pro- vided by the unions and on the assistance received from the public. One hears stories of pitiable poverty, of whole families dependent on the earnings of one small child, of delicate wives turning out to earn just, enough to keep the landlord quiet, and pawning every thing that is pawn- nble. even to their insufficient clothing. But they seem to have no thought of giving in, writes a correspondent. It's not the men's fault that they, are out," they say, "but they can't go back on the masters' terms. That would be to make themselves slaves." The avps. 'F l ie housewife is apt to looll askance at a strike and to pity the blindness of the menfolk, but in tliis lock-out the men have their entire sympathy. A crisis has arisen in the building trades in Stroud and district, in consequence of the issue by the Master Builders' Association of what is termed "a black list" of certain men, whereby they are prevented from ob- taining employment in the neighbourhood. Trade unionists assert that this is "victimisa- tion in its worst form." and- have demanded the withdrawal of the document. At the National Conference of the Amal- gamated Associ'tticn of Tramway and Vchicle Worke-'s at Blackburn, a scheme for inc; casing Insurance Act contributions was reierred to the branches. Messrs. 13rivsliaw (Bradkm.), Powell (Salford), and Parsops (Portsmouth) opposed the suggestion, stating that it would have disastrous results in re- Dtt N, i t-, s (Man- chester) alleged that there was an enormous amount cf malingering, but as the novelty of l-!ie Act was out its working would be- come more normal. The general secretary sa-d that, though the Association had hither- to been fortunate in r. reserve fund, there would be extended calls upon it in the future At a conference between Warwickshire coal- owners and the miners' representatives held at Birmingham it was decided to grant ad- vances to the surfacemen varying from 3d. to 6d. per week. A largo number of men are aheet-od, but only those who are members of the Miners', Association will be paid the new rales. An application with regard to hi nourers, carpenters, and blacksmiths was not f/ueees^ful, but, these men will, it is under- stood, be dealt with on their merits. Sir John Randies, M.P., opening a new coal conveyor, which has been built at a cost of £ ?. P. to make Workington the most im- portant ecral shipping port on the Nori.li-West Coast, hinted at the possibility of a new pit being sunk at Workington, to tap the main bank seam recently proved under the sea be- tween Workington and Harrington. Mr. J. Eilis. director of the Workington Combine, S:IH1 West Cumberland, with its coal rich in by-products, and its fine iron ore, was pro- ducing iron and steel that were commanding the best markets in the world. West Cumber- land was just beginning to develop. The Manchester police have so far tailed to secure any concession to mollify their dis- satisfaction with some of the conditions upon which the increased scale of pay is granted. chief grievance is that a. man can only obtain the higher pay by agreeing to serve a longer time in the force before qualifying for a pension They want to get this and similar conditions removed. Representations to the Watch Committee having failed, the men sent a deputation to Lieutenant-Colonel Eden when he was conducting his yearly inspection of the force. Colonel Eden's reply was that the matter was outside his jurisdiction and must be settled between the men and the local police authority. The Watch Committee re- considered the question subsequently, but de- cided that they could not deviate from the answers they have already given'. They con- sider that the conditions attached to the in- creased pay are fai r. The return made to the North of England Iron Trade Conciliation Board shows that the production of manufactured iron in March and April was 9,077 tons, an increase of 283 tons on the previous return, but a decrease of 3,932 tons compared with the same period last year. The net average selling price of bars was £6 16.s. 6d., plates £ 6 7s. 0 46d., rails £ G 6s. 7d., and atlgle, zC7 2s. lid. Under the sliding scale there will be a reduction of 3d. per ton on puddling and 24- per cent. on all other mill and forge wages. Two thousand five hundred miners em- ployed on the Bargoed steam-coal collieries, jJio.nnouth, struck work on Thursday in cou- sequence of what is alleged to be the unsatis- factory condition of lamps. Complaints of de- fective lamps are stated to have been preva- lent for months, and.. various interviews have taken place with a view to redress. Examina- tions of lamps have been made by minea inspectors.
Advertising
EPSOM FIREMAN'S GOLDEN WEDDING. Mr. J. Bussey, who has been a member of Epeom Fire Brigade for forty -,lea ty- five in the position of, .superintendcnt-has jilst celebrated his golden wedding. A BURNING QUESTION. W O'RK-E R S I if- "The time- has come for the na- tion sertQusly to consider the pro- f blem of low wages and deal with A j it in a broad and liberal spirit, i ? The existence of a large c?ass of  ?\. /j low-paid workers, effect!vety hin- J ??? ? deps the national standard of j   $ ??.? I health from rtsmg to a level' of ) ?3 efficiency."— Vol. 2 of Report of Mr. Lloyd George's Land Enquiry Committee, page 761. ,11^ "Without some change in our fiscal system a general rise in the level of wages is absolutely impossible JPl JP Mi,.Bonar Law, at Leeds, November 16th, 1911. JOHN BULL :-There is the problem, gentlemen! What are you going to do about it P
CORN TRADE REVIEW. I -'-PEVFENII.I
CORN TRADE REVIEW. I -PEVFENII I FIVE MONTHS' PiUCIS CHANGES. The fall in temperature in England, France and the Low Countries has been sufficient to check the growth of wheat and spring corn. Rainfall has not been adequate in any of the chief regions of North-West Europe, and if no moisture is experienced over the Whitsun holidays trade will resume on June 3rd with a strong disposition to go dearer for British produce, also for what French farmers still hold of their 1913 corn. The advices from regions further afield are mostly highly favourable, the Board of Agriculture on the 27tli returning winter wheat as 15 per cent. above the average in Roumania, 12 in the United States, and 10 in Spain. Barley and oats are 10 per cent, above an average pro- mise both in Roumania and in Spain, while I. Russia and Italy are credited with average expectations of all the cereals. Some. price changes between New- Year's I DfY and Whitsuntide, representing five months' trade, may thus be summarised 1. English win at.: about a norm net re- covery on the qu'uter. 2. Canadian whc'at: a like advance. 2. C,iiiadiaii \viie-,it a 'ike 4. American wheat: 6:1. per cental advance, but some signs of reaction now apparent. 5. English barley: very little. change, trade poor. 6. Russian barley: Is. (i:l. per qr. net advance, S. Ma e 2s. Cd. per (jr. advance, but the sales are now severely checked by the price asked. 9. Beet sugar: 7d. per ewt. net recovery from the ^xitreiaely low price of New Year's Day still leaves value below LOs. per cwt., which is the lowest possible price at which it can be grown for profit in this country. 10. Linseed: 2s. fid. per qr. advance. But this staple, like beet sugat, still remains a de- cided bargain. 11. Egyptian cottonseed has fallen quite a sovereign per ton in the five months, and should now pay to buy, which it hardly did at the New Year. 12. Rice is 4d. per cwt. down on the period. It rose 5d. from January 1st to January 24tl1, fell 6d. from January 24 nh to February 14tli, rose 4d. between then and Easter. It is there- fore a capricious market, largely dependent on the weekly telegrams from Rangoon and Saigon. 13. Top price flour: hardily changed. 14. Household flour: Is. per sack dearer. 15. American flour: Is. to Is. 6d. per sack dearer. 16. Fine mi(?.d]im:s: a little dearer. 17. Bran: Irregularly cheaper. In reply to inquiries, we may state that our quotations always refer, unless otherwise stated, to the nnJm-ül or untreated article. Thus, some who have thought cur prices too low for marrowfat peas, and also for cotton- seed oil, have enclosed circulars which, on our referring to them, nre in perfect a.fjree- merit; with our price?, the explanation being that they quote in the one case the peas after being hand-picked, and in the other the oil after being refined. In our last issue it may be noted that* in one passage cotton- seed was printed where cloverseed was neces- I sary. Happily, the context will have pre- vented confusion, fcr cottonseed never ap- pears in a list of farm seeds. BRITISH GRAIN PRICES. I British wheat prices s how that counties may be thus grouped Paying 34s. and over Middlesex, Surrey, Bedford, Oxford, Kent, Leicester.. Nottingham. Paying 32s. and over: Suffplk, Norfolk, Fenland, Yoykshire. Paying under 32s. Northumberland, Dur- ham, Cambridge, Dorset. British barley is exceptionally cheap, 21s. to 25s. in Dorset, Sussex. Yorkshire, and Norfolk, but is fetching 26s. and over in Cambridge, Suffolk, and in the west and north. Low medium prices, 25s. to 26s. pre- vail at Mark-lane and in the Home Counties. British oats have reached an average of a sovereign or over in Middlesex, Surrey, Bed- ford, Cambridge, and at a few western mar- kets, but they remained depressed in Suf- folk. The far north shows some rally. The sales have been singularly small at lInn, usually the second in rank of the markets, London, of course, being the chief for this cereal. SALES AT STATUTE MARKETS. Sales of British wheat at the 180 statute markets for the thirty-eight completed weeks of the harvest year, beginning September 1st, show good business done at a slight fall in price This season, 2,359.0,00qr. at 31s. 3d. per qr; last season, 1,973,,0,00qr. at 31s. 9d. per qr. Sales of British barley reveal the attraction exerted by a low price. The stocks of old barley appear to be exceedingly reduced: T li i ?, seasoii ")c at 27s. 2d. per qr.; last season, 2,456.OOOqr. at„«8s. 10 per qr. The returns of oats are ofs little value, but a certain interest attaches to a comparison between season and season: This season, 67-f5.000ar. at 18s. fid. per qr.; last season, 570 OOOqr. at 19s. 9d. per or. No average is now struck on rye, but the price ran Fed from 24s. to 25s. per qr. re- cently, and is now a little higher. IMPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS. Imports to date show somewhat remarkable figures for breadstuffs for the past four weeks: Mav. Wants. Imnorts. 1—6 530,000 40S-.000qr. 6—13 53-0.000 335.000 „ 13-20 530.000 389.0Q{)" 1 20-27 530.000 388,000 We reckon farmers to have supplied 100,fl<4)qr. a week, find the total wants to be 630,OOOqr. weekly. The four weeks show a joint and serious deficiency which should make the June markets naturally strong. Stocks fell 122,000qr. in the first week, 195,OOOqr. in the second week, 141,OOOqr. in the third week, and 142,MDqr. in the fourth week, in all 600,OOOqr. in less than a month. Imports of breadstuffs present figures equally remarkable. Reckoning maize needs at 200,000qr. weekly, we have SM,000qr. re- quired and only 450,000qr. imported. Of bar- ley we need quite 125,OOOqr. weekly from abroad, and we have received much less; four weeks' need not less than 600,OOOqr. and im- ports 270,OOOqr. Oats show 600,OOOqr. needed and 440,000qr. j,mported.-Mark Lane Express.
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CURKKNT PRICES OF BRTTfSH…
CURKKNT PRICES OF BRTTfSH GRAIN AND FLOUR IN MARK LANE. London FI.OOR. (Cash ex Town Mill.) Price per 2801b. 31/6 Town Whiltss 30,6 1 Town N' o. 2 26/0 Ii ungiii i.iTi Prows „ 33'6 Be.st Ainerie-an Lundon Gi-ouitd 29 C l/otuion StitniiMrci, 80 ),er cen t. 28,0 COUNTHT FLOOR. at London Terminus.) Best Price per 280tb. 20 9 Good Patents 2'4 9 S i pi, t, .24 "3 lioller Whites. 23 6 Slonw-Made „ 24/0 ttniTian GRAIN (Ofr STANDS). 8. s. Wheat, White per 50-l1b. 36 tu 3H Red 36 to 37 RiveUs 33 tp 34 poultry. per -180Tb. 32 to 33 Tailir.ys per 4481b. 30 to 31 Barley, Malting per 44Slb. 28 to 30 Poultry „ 27 to 28 Feeding per 4001b. 23 to 25 Malt per 33filb. 43 to 44 Kine „ 40 to 41 Ordinary 38 to 39 Scotch, Fine '41 to 42 Ordinary „ 38 to 39 Brown 31 to 35 Black M 34 to 36 Crystallised 35 to 39 Oats, Fine Scotch 1012 „ 26 to 27 "HI13. 23 to 24 Good Gartons, old 22 to 23 11 New „ 20 to 21 Tartary, Old „ 21 to 22 New o. to 21. Winter, Old Black. „ 23 to 24 „ New „ 21 to 23 Old Grey 22 to 23 New,, 21 to 22 Common, New per 3121b. 20 to 21 Inferior. New per 3041b. 19 to 20 Beans, Pigeon, 1912 per 5321b. 50 to 52 1913 42 to 44 Winter. 1912. 36 to 37 11 J 11 at co 11 Spring, 1912. 36 to 40 11 1913. 34 to 35 Peu, Marrowfats, Fine per 5041b. 80 to 84 Sound „ 70 to 74 Yearling Common. 40 to 44 Partridge. Fine 40 to 41 Common 38 to 39 Maple, 1912 „ 38 to 40 Dun 1913 33 to 35 Rye, Essex per 4801b. 26 to 27 Tares, Best Spring, 1911 per 5321b. 56 to 58 Good" 1912 „ 48 to 52 Fine, 1913 „ 42 to 44 Common, 1913 34 to 38 Winter, 1912. 48 to 49 Fine, 1913 42 to 44 Common, 1913 „ 34 to 38 Gores, 1911 98 to 110 „ 1912. 82 to 90 „ 1913, Best „ 58 to 66 „ Common 1913, „ 42 to 44 Buckwheat. Heavy per 4161b. 34 to 35 Common per 40olb. 32 to 33 liinseed, Lincolnshire per 4241b. 62 to 54 Rapeseed, Best per 4161b. 74 to 76 Common 68 to 70 MMttMrdMcd, Brown per 4481b.98 to 110 White 90 to 99 Common 76 to 80 Gamaryseed,Essex M. per 4641b. 84 to 88 Teazleseed, Somerset. per 1121b. 17 to 18 Sunflowenaeed, Sussex per 1121b. 15 to 16 -M ark Lane Express. |
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I AGRICULTURAL NOTES.
I AGRICULTURAL NOTES. I BY A PRACTICAL FARMER, I GUERNSEY CATTLE. The English Guernsey Cattle Society has just published some of the results of its milk record scheme. The daily weight of the yield of milk of each animal entered must be kept by the owner on approved forms, and this is checked at intervals of two months through- out the year by the society's supervisor, who also makes butter-fat tests of each animal's milk. A record is thus obtained of the indi- vidual yield of both milk and butter-fat during the lactation period, which must not exceed fifty-two weeks in duration. Each animal whose record is accepted must be safely in calf within five months from the commencement of the record. The records just completed show that the breed is proving itself, when well cared for and tended, to be capable d producing, in addition to butter of first-class quality and colour, yearly yields of m.ilk which will com- pare favourably with any breed of dairy cattle in the country. A feature very charac- teristic of the Guernsey is her capacity for maintaining a' comparatively moderate flow of milk for a prolonged period, a point very quickly realised by dairy farmers and others in the United States, where the Guernsey is in great demand both for pure bred herds and also for what are known 011 the other side as grade Guernseys—i.e., the produce of cross- bred herds upon which pure Guernsey bulls have been used. It was soon found that cows yielding a moderate 4 gallons at calving and maintaining it for a considerable period, and probably yielding from 21 to 3 gallons at the end of the lactation period, would easily exceed in the course of a year the yield of animals coming into the dairy with probably 5 or 6 gallons, but quickly dropping to two or there- abouts and not unusually dry at six or seven months from calving. As a first cross for dairy purposes the Guernsey is excellent, throwing neat, com- pact stock, the milk of which shows appreci- able increase of butter-fat upon that of the average cross-bred cow, a point well worth ) consideration, particularly at the present time of year, when there is all too often trouble in keeping the milk from many herds up to stan- dard quality. it it « I FOOD VALUE OF POTATO TOPS. I Potato' haulm in this country is most com- monly ploughed under or burnt when badly diseased, but healthy tops are sometimes used to cover the tubers in clamps. Their use as a fodder has received practically no attention f,o( l .( I er lias r,ee, ve d p-, -z- whatever in Britain, though some authorities have gone out of their way to condemn its use for this purpose on account o-f the presence to a small extent of solanin, a poisonous prin- ciple. In Germany, however, where the potato j" a crop of enormous importance, a good deal of attention has been given to the forage value of the haulm, and opinion is growing in favour of using it when dry and free from berries, cattle, sheep, and pigs eating it without ill effects. This has lately been confirmed by investiga- tions carried out at the Royal Agricultural High School in Berlin, and it is further con- cluded that potato tops are equal in value both as regards chemical composition and digestibility to good meadow hay; if anything, they are declared to be slightly superior to the latter in their proportion of digestible protein. The results of a feeding experiment with dairy cows showed that the yield of milk and the proportion of fat and dry matter were at least as high as when good meadow hay was fed. If well harvested and made into hay or arti- ficially dried the tops were founds to be quite unobjectionable for feeding purposes from a hygienic point of view. When properly pre- pared they were also found to form good silage, which was willingly eaten. In order to prevent any unnecessary dis- turbance of the tubers it is advised that the tops should ba cut just before the potatoes a.re harvested in the normal course. Care should be taken not to include any roots, as the adhering soil may lead to disturbances in the health of the animals. LOSS DURING TRANSIT. A complaint which farmers often .have to make who b-uy town ipanure, and have it sent them by rail, is that a loss in weight is ob- served when the manure is received, although the seller guarantees that the proper weight was despatched. This loss in weight must, therefore, have occurred in course of transit; and some instructive experiments have been carried out at the instigation of the Board of Agriculture to ascertain what loss may be expected to occur. The conclusions arrived at are that if the manure is not sett more than a fifty miles' journey, occupying about two days, the loss would be about 5"4 per cent., supposing that the manure were in such condition that the maximum heat occurred during the journey. By the time it had been loaded into carts the manure would show a further loss in weight of between 2 and 3 per cent., making in all about 8 per cent. as the maximum. But if the condition of the manure was such that the maximum heat did not occur during the two days' journey, and the loading was carefully done, a loss of 5 per cent. is all that need be expected. Buyers of manure from a distance can, therefore, regard a loss of this percentage as inevitable; but anything from about 8 per cent. upwards is a matter calling for inquiry and explanation on the part of the sellers. The experience of the Woburn experimental fruit farm, Ridgmont, is that the loss of manure received there in 1911 averaged 4-7 per cent., and fr2 per cent. for 1912. it it H BACON FACTORIES. I I iuuen interest has been aroused in the past few years in the possibilities of co-operative bacon factories owned and managed by the farmers who supply the pigs, and it is easy to see that the idea, if fully realised, secures for the pig-raiser the largest possible return on his animals by avoiding middlemen's profits. So far, however, the movement has not had much practical result, and hitherto I the factories that have been opened are meet- ing with a hard struggle. It may be helpful, therefore, if I mention some of the principal points which the Agri- cultural Organisation Society advises should be taken into account in the establishment of a bacon factory. A supply of not less than about 500 pigs a week is essential, it being a matter of practical experience that the ex- penses attached to the working of a factory with a smaller number of pigs are much heavier per pig. A pig that is large in the I back, with light shoulders and heavy flank, is f needed to provide the requisite quality. A capital of from £ 15,030 to £ 20,000 is needed for the erection and thorough equipment of a factory capable of dealing with 500 pigs weekly. This is a large sum to be raised by farmers, who already have so many demands for capital. The difficulty of finding a good manager may not prove to be a small one. The manager must be thoroughly conversant with all branches of the pig industry and bacon trade, and should also be thoroughly informed as to the most remunerative methods if iviiii tliq b\nrndt1(,t.s of the nio nn tviiicn a large proportion 01 tiie profits is ':tsual!y dependent. Obviously, such a venture makes an extra- ordinarily heavy demand upon a district, and that is why ,i¡..ln\" ingestions for factories have never got past the stage of discussing how to make a start. Yet there is a way by which large liumb'ers of factories might be brought into successful working order in the course of time. This is by the development of co-operative.societies for the sale of members' pigs. If a society is well maiuiged. and thus is able to make good prices for its members, it gradually builds up such a large connection that ultimately a bacon factory becomes only a question of capital, which can be raised a good deal more easily by an old-established society with a large membership than by a new one. The Eastern Counties Farmers' Co-operative Association. Limited, has for some years performed very good work in buy- ing live pigs from its members, and probably the erection of a factory in Suffolk is only a matter of time.
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SAVED BY ATTACK OF MEASLES. Mrs. Joseph Penlerick, of Penryn, C")"n wall, who has be-en on a visit to Canada with her two children, booked her passage to Eng- land by the Empress of Ireland. A few before the vessel sailed one cf the ;,]::h1.1 developed measles, and in "eotiseruer.ef- they were prevented from embarking. Why don't people take their holidays earlier? Well, something his to do with the school holidays, 110 doubt, which prevent many heads of families from leaving town until school breaks up; but there are count- less t ho vis and 6 in tow 11S who would delight in the early summer beauties of countryside and seaside if they only knew that facilities were available. For 51ch people the Great Eastern Railway Com ¡-¡y. have laid themselves out, writes a correspondent who has been enjoy- ing a week-end through the breezy heath- lands and undulating coast roads running be- tween the delightful old-world resorts of Suffolk. Just now, he writes, the scenery is at its best: the blaze of gorse on the heaths, the splendid foliage of the oaks and other trees that line the roads, the verdant greens of the fields, and the sparkling ripples on the sea combine to make a visit to the East Coast at this time of the year a perfect dream of de- light. Add to this the fact that hotel and boarding-house expenses are light compared I with the usual Augusttariffs, and that the railway company have started their holiday rates so much earlier than usual, and genuine holiday makers in search of health and quiet enjoyment in seaside resorts un- spoilt by the August crowds of trippers will find that the East Coast provides such charms as cannot be equalled elsewhere. There are countless ideal spots along the coasts of Suffolk and Norfolk, where quiet enjoyment and repose among the beauties of Nature ap- peal strongly to the townsman and his family, which can be reached in a few hours by luxu- riously-fitted trains, and which are to be seen at their best during the early summer months. The writer was privileged to spend a week- end among the beauties of such quaint, un- spoilt, old-world places as Aldeburgh, South- wold, and Dunwich, with their charming combinations of seaside and countryside attractions and historical associations, and would fain pass on to others the knowledge that such delightful spots are within the reach of most. Further north along the coast, Lowestoft and Gorleston, provide ideal resorts in the early summer, and, indeed, all the many seaside places which the average holiday-maker only sees during the crowded month of August present themselves with wondrous attractiveness before the rush begins." In fine, they form a stretch of coun- try and seaside that possesses a wondrous charm-and those who can take advantage of the opportunity of an early holiday to visit it will find it is all and more than the writer has said about it.